( VEDIC MATHS In class 9th ,We have studied some simple methods of calculating mathematical operations . Swami Bharti Krishna Tirtha (1884-1960), researcher of those unique methods has done innovative work by com- posing ‘ Vedic Maths ‘ named grantha. He has given 16 formulas and 13 sub formulas with their description and Attribute and uses. In this grantha, an absolutely new approach is presented. ‘We will learn some new methods of Vedic maths in class 10th which can be used for fast calculation and which is further useful in terms of competition exams. Addition ‘We know the famous method of addition. In class 9 th we have leamt to check the answer by Bijaank. Here will try to add orally and we will use Ekadhikena Purvena method for written calculation. (1) Method : Adding using the numbers ending with zero - The numbers ending with zero are called sunyant sumbers. Like - 10,20,30.......100,200,....ete. ‘Adding other number in these sunyant numbers is very easy. For adding two numbers, we can get the addition easily by using sunyant numbers. Example (1) 98 +97 Solution ‘Sutra Ekadhikena Purvena , Addition by using Ekadhik symbol (+) - Example (2) 187 +98 Solution- From Viloknam Sutra, this point comes into mind that on adding 2 with 99 ,we get 100. 2 from 97 is added with 98 ,s0 95 is left. Now, 100 and 95 equals to 195. Exercise Orally Add- 2. Of; om ) » +2 3 +a @) 198 6 8 ©) 2 +9 + 181 +3 @ 475 @) 187 @) 867 + 225 +123 +413 Sutra Ekadhikena Purvena , Addition by using Ekadhik symbol (+) - = @ Paper-4/ Part-Il (Aptitude Test, Logical Reasoning, ‘Mental Ability)Wea While adding the numbers by this method, if we get the addition in 2 digits, then on obtaining carry 1 , we put ckadhik symbol (+) on left digit. We complete the process of sanklan by adding the next number in unit place. Vedic Maths Like - 2=21=3 g=o+ 9+2=12 o=1 While adding the numbers by this method, if we get the addition in 2 digits, then on obtaining carry 1, we put ekadhik symbol (+) on left digit. We complete the process of collection by adding the next number in unit place. Example (1) + Solution— + aR sy & (1) (Adding unit digit in unit place )8 +7 = 15 Putting Ekadhik symbol (# Jon the left of 7 and writing 5 below. (2) (Adding tens in tens place) : 3+-2=34+3=6 Example— (2) 9378 + 2895 Solution- Sutra Ekadhikena Purvena : ‘Adding using Ekadhik symbol (+)- 9378 + 2095 ) Adding unit in unit place 8 + 5 = 13 Carry | obtained in 13 is placed above 9 on the left side of 5 i. ¢. after getting a carry the left number is done ekadhik and 3 is written as the written as the answer below the unit. 9378 205 3 @) ( Adding Tens in Tens place) 7 + & = 7 + 10 = 17 7 is written in unit place and Ekadhik symbol is put in the left digit 8 for carry 1. 9378 2896 % ®) (Adding Hundred in Hundred place) 3+ 8 =3+9= 12 9378 2895 273 = @ Paper-4/ Parll (Aptitude Test, Logical Reasoning. Mental Ability)eta! Vedic Maths ® Adding thousand in thousand places + 2= 8 + 3= 12 Placing 0 on the left of 2 and put ckadhika symbol and 2 is written below. So we get 0 in the place of Ten thousand as the answer ( 12 obtained in the last can be directly in the answer) 78 Example (3) 8765 6404 6697 is76 +028de8 21167 ‘See the solution and understand that wherever 1 carry is obtained , make left number ekadhik and continue adding. Addition greater than 18 is not obtain in between. This is the feature of this method. Verification : We have learnt to find Bijank in class 9th. We know that the addition is done until we get a single digit, then the required answer is Bijank of that number. Check the addition = Check Example 205 6 (t) Bijank of numbers are 6,4 & 7 respectively. wz 4 @) Addition of the bijank of numbers and its bijank +08197_7 6+ 447 —> 17 bijank is 8 115 8 G3) 8 is bijank of answer 12815. @ From both serial no. (2) & (3) , bijank is 8 Hence answer is true. Subtraction- ‘We will learn subtraction by using Ekadhikena purvena Sutra ( We will learn to subtract the number by Ekadhika symbol (.) .For this we need Param Mita digits will be needed) Let us know about Param Mitra iis, Param Mitra digit as (digit sum)- Sum of 2 digits equals to 10 are the Param mitra digits of each other,ear Cowal! Vedic Maths Like 9 is Param Mitra of | and 1 is Par mitra of 9 8 is Param mitra of 2 7 is Param mitra of 3 6 is Param mitra of 4 5 is Param mitra of 5 (These are complementary numbers we see 6 is complement of 4 for getting 10) Formula - Subtracting by using Ekadikhena Purvena - The symbol Dot (+) is used as Ekadhik Symbol. This symbol is used when the number below is greater and the upper number is small. Ekadhik of left number is done. Example (1) 6 a8 Solution—First Column (Unit from unit) 6 =38 7 $ is small in upper and 8 is bigger below, So Ekadhik dot is put in the left side of digit 8 i. e. 3 and Parammitra of 8 i. ¢. [Link] added in $ and 7 obtained. Second Coloumn ( Tens from Tens) 65 = 38 a 6 on the upper side is greater and 3=4 below is smaller, So param mitra is not required. So on subtracting 4 from 6 we get 2. Example (2) 6321 3789 Solution— 8321 Using Ekadhikena Purvena and Param Mitra (1) 1st coloumn (Unit in Unit) 6321 1 above is smaller , 9 below is greater. So 9 can’t be subtracted = 3789 from] then Ekadhik of number 8 is done which is left to 9 and 2 Param mitra of 9 is added to the above number I . So 2 is obtained. (2) 2nd Coloumn ( Tens in Tens) Paperd/ Pi Mental Ability) (Aptitude Test, Logical ReasoniKoswal Vedic Maths [Link] the above is smaller and 8=9 below is greater. Thus ekadhik of of number 7 which is left to 8 is done. And Param mitra 1 of 89 is added to 2 in the above gives 3 (3) 3rd Colounmn ( Hundred in Hundred) e321 = S79 532 7=8 which can’t be subtracted from 3 in the above . Thus Param Mitra of 8 ie. 2is added with 3 So 5 is obtained and ekadhiko of left number is done. (4) 4th Coloumn ( Thousand in Thousand) e321 = S769 4532 8 in the above is greater, and 3=4 below is smaller, So the difference obtained is 4. Here no Param mitra and Ekadhik is required. Checking the solution of Subtraction Bijank of the number to be subtracted below and Bijank of the Sum of the solution = Bijank of the above number. Example Check (1) Bijank of the number to be subtracted below is 7. 8176 4 @) Bijank of answer is 6. = 4861 7 (3) Bijank of the sum of both bijank i.e. 15 6 7+6— 13 is 4. @ Bijank of the above number is 4. * 6) Bijank is equal from (3) and (4). os Hence answer is true, Multiplication Inclass 9th, we have tried to multiply with the easy calculation method .Multiplication is easily done by Vedic Maths. (1) Ek nyunena Purvena formula - ( Meaning of the formula -by one less than the one before) . This method is used when a number is made with 9. Case 1 : When the number of digits are equal in multiplier and multiplication. Example (1) Solve 8796 * 9999 by using Ek nyunena purvena formula Sol - By Fk nyunena purvena Formula e796 x 9909 (1) —_Left part of answer 8795 | 1204 Ek nyun of 8796 is 8795 = 87951204 (2) —_Right part of answer 9999 _= 8795 1204 (3) Answer: 87951204 = ) Paper-4/ Part-I (Aptitude Test, Logical Reasonit Mental Ability)> Vedic Matty ‘Case 2: When 9 is more then - Example (2) Solve 286 x 9999 Solution |x 9999 (1) Making both sides of the number similar by putting 0 on the left side of 2¢¢ 0285 19714 (2) Eknyuna of the right part of 0286 is 0285. = 02859714 (2) Right part of answer 9990 =0285 e714 (3) Answer : 02859714 Case 3 : When the digits of 9 are less - Example (3) Solve 574 x99 by using Ek nyunena purvena method? Solution- STA x 98 (1) After eknyun of $74 i.e. 57399 573, write 99 as itis. = 973 Subtract 573 from 57399. 56826 So that answer is 56826. = 56826 Answer: 56826 @) —_Ekadhikena Purvrna Method : In this method Ekadhikena purvena formula and Anantyodarshakoapi is used. This method is used when the sum of units of is 10 and remaining group is similar. Example (1) Solve 83 x 87 Solution- By Ekadhikena Purvena and Anantyaodarshakoapi 83 «87 Ths (1) Left part of answer =Ekadhik of Tens x Tens 9 xe=7 @) Right part of answer : Multiplication of Units 3x7 =2 3) Answer: 7221 Example (2) Solve 61 x 69 Sol - By Ekadhikena Purvena Formula and Anantyodarshakoapi 61 x 69 Thus 61 x 69 (1) Left part of answer =Ekadhik of Tens * Tens 42 109 7 x6=4 @ Right part of answer : Multiplication of units 1x9 =9 Hint: (1) Sum of units is 10 . There is a zero in number 10 . So 2 digits should be placed in the righ! part of answer. So placing 0 digit before 9 is compulsory. Example (3) Solve 302 x308 Solution— By Ekadhikena Purvena Formula and Anantyodarshakoapi 302x 308 Thus 302 308 (1) Left part of answer - Ekadhik of 30 x 30 9201 16 at x 30 = 090 @) Right part of answer : Multiplication of units 2x8 = 16 =] Oa marae Mental Ability) — teRosana! Vedic Maths (3) Nikhilam Method : This method is used when the numbers are close to base and sub base. Base— 10, 100 ,1000 are called base. Subbase - 20, 30, ..... 200,300..... ete are called Deviation from base or subbase : The number more or less to base or subbase is called the devia tion from the base or subbase. If the number is more then the deviation is positive and ifit is less, then the deviation is negative, Example (1) Solve 106 x 108 by Nikhilam Method - en ee (4) Base is 100. There are 2 zeroes in base so there will be two x 108 + 08 igits in the right side of answer. Sloe 2) Right part of answer = multiplication of deviation = 11448 06 x 08 = 48 (@) Left part of answer = one no. + deviation of second 406 +08 = 114 Or 108 + 06 = 114 @ Answer : 11448 Example(2) Solve 104 x. 102 Sol. 104 + 04 (1) Base is 100. x 102 + 02 @) Right part of answer = multiplication of deviation 106 | 08 04x 02 = 08 = 10608 (3) Two digits should be place on the right part because there are two zeroes in the base. So zero is placed before 8. Left part of Ans, = 104 + 02 = 106 Or 102 + 04 = 106 Answer: 10608 Example (3) Solve: 98 x 89 Solution 98 — 02 (1) Right part of answer = multiplication of deviation x s9-11 02x (11) = 2 87 | 22 @) Left part of answer = 98 + (11) = 87 =872 Or 9 + (2) =87 6) Answer : 8722 Example (4) Solve : 98 x 108 Solution 93-07 (1) Base is 100. -07 and +08 are deviation. arate (2) Right part of answer = multiplication of deviation 10158 07x 08 =-56 = 36 = 10044 (@) Left part of answer = 93 + 8 = 101 Or 108 + (-7) = 101 (4) Rightpart 100 - 56=44 (5) 101-1 = 100 (From Left Side ekneun ) (6) Answer : 10044 ie @ Paper-4/ Part-ll (Aptitude Test, Logical Reasoning, Mental Ability)wal Veta Method-04 Formula Urdhva-Tiryagbhyam Meaning of Formula- Urdhva = Vertical T ~ Tiryak = Crosswise/\ = Example (1) Solveby Urdhva-Tiryagbhyam 82 x04 Solution (1) 52 (4) First column (multiplication of unit with unit) xo4 2 43 {6 |e a | Vertical multiplication 3 _8 (Writing 8 in the unit place) 4968 Answer @) First and Second column (Unit and tens place) 2 xe4 xX Crosswise Multiply and add x8) + (2) = 20+ 16 = 36 (6 of 36 and carry 3) @) Second column (tens place) 5 x8 Vertical multiplication _40 (So 40 +3 carry = write 43 in the left) Example @) Solveby Urdhva-Tiryagbhyam 312 x488 wa (1) 312 Formula : Urdhva-Tiryagbhyam x456 Hint— wa]2]27 2 $3.44 2 2 2 afsh boos KX" | 445 456 56 6 (1) First column (multiplication of unit with unit) 2 x6 | Vertical multiplication 12 (2of 12 and carry 1) @) First and Second column (Unit and tens place) 2 x56 x Crosswise Multiply and add (@ x1) + (x2) =6 + 10= 16 + 1 (Carry) = 17 rae ~ ) Paper-4/ Partll (Aptitude Test, Logical Reason Mental Abily) iVedie Maths (3) _ First and Second column (Unit and tens place) 32 a ae ‘According to hint, Crosswise Multiply the first and third column and then add second column and add the product by vertical multiplica- tion. ( x6) + (x2) + (1x5) = 18+ 8 +541 (carry) = 32 @ Second and third column (Leave first column) 3 x45 << Crosswise Multiply and add (@ x5) + (1x4) = 15 +443 (carry) = 22 (©) Third column (Leave first and second) 3 xa | Vertical Multiplication 12 + 2 Carry= 14 (Write Complete 14) Ans. : 142272 Verify the answer of multiplication- Beejank of product of both Beejanks Beejank of a x b = Beejank of ‘c” Beejank of 6 = 36 is9 6 6 8 answer ‘d’ If‘c’ and ‘d’ are not same then answer is wrong. If they are same then answer is true. Division- Apart from the famous method, in vedic maths we will get the information of some methods - (1) Nihilam method, (2) Paraavartya method (3) Dhwajank method. Dbwajank method- _In this method Urdhvatiryagbhyam formula is used. Process of solving the question will be clear from the example. Way of writing the question is as follows- Phwajank}=J Dividend Modified divisor Horizontal line Quotient Remainder Vertical line between Dividing line divisor and Dividend ie @ Ren Fae (Aptitude Test, Logical Reasoning,essa! a Vedic Math, v Example (1) Solve 847 = 32 by Dhwajank method- Solution(1) Dividend 487 @) _ Divisor 32 (@) — Dhwajank2 (4) Modified divisor 3 © ‘Two parts of Divisor are - Dhwajank and Modified DivisorA Here 3 is Modified Divisor and 2 is Dhnwajank. Dhwajank is written above Modified Divisy (© Division is done from Modified Divisor @) ‘The number of points in the flag, the dividing line is drawn by leaving the number of poinis from the unit of the Dividend. Here we have one digit in the flag, so a vertical partition line ha been drawn from the unit leaving one digit 7. (©) _ Westart dividing by Modified Divisor 4 + 3 Quotient 1, Remainder 1, Remainder 1 willle written below Horizontal line. Remainder | is written below which is infront of the next no.5, © —_ Dhwajank x Ist digit of answer=2 x 1 = 2. This product 2 is subtracted from 15 ie. 15 - 13, This no, 13 obtained is the modified dividend. In this we will divide the modified diviso: 13+3 quotient, remainder 1. (10) 4s the second digit of the answer. Remainder 1 is written below in front of the next digit 7« dividend. 17 is obtained. (11) Second digit of answer x Dhwajank = 4 x 2= 8 (12) Required product 6 is subtracted from 17. 17~ 8 = 9 ‘We have cross the division line. So end the process of division. (13) Quotient 14, Remainder 9 Tip- If we continue the division after crossing the division line, then quotient is obtained in decimal. Example (2) Solve 7694 + 63 by Dhwajank method- Solution (1) 7 + 6 Quotient 1, Remainder 1 2) — Dhwajank x First digit of answer= 3 x 1 = 3. () 16 - 3 = 13 Modified Dividend (4) 13 + 6 Quotient 2, Remainder 1 tS e Paper-4/ Part-II (Aptitude Test, Logical Reasonitt Mental Ability)(oa! Vedic Maths (©) Dinwajank x Second digit of answer= 3 x 2 = 6 (©) 19 ~ 6 = 13 Modified Dividend () 13 + 6 Quotient 2, Remainder 1 (@) —_ Dhwajank x Last digit of answer = 3 x 2= 6 (@) 14-6 = 8 Remainder (40) Process of division ends on dividing line. Quotient = 122, Remainder = 6 Verification of Answer — Beejank of Dividend = (Beejank of divisorx Beejank of quotient) + Beejank of remainder 8 - &5)= = 45 +8 - 83 —- 8 Square— ‘Vedic mathematics has a simple and interesting method of finding square. In class 9 we have practiced some methods. Here we will get information about using the formula yavdunam and Dwand addition. (1) Sutra Yavdunam Tavdunikritya varga cha yojyet ic, how much itis less reduce it to that much and join after squaring.’In this method, we know the deviation from the base of the number to be squared. (2) If the deviation is less then the number is decreased, and if the deviation is more then the number is added then the left part of the answer is obtained. (3) When the class of deviation is placed on the right side, the solution is completed. We take the help of above formula for solving the question. (No = No.+ deviation | (+ deviation)? Example (1) Solve 96%, 9897 and 1912” - Seletion- () oF = 96-4 C4? (1) No. 96 (2) Base 100 (3) Deviation 4 = 0216 @) seg? = 980 — 111 14? = rete ©) tort = 1012 + 12 1 (12 = to2at44 @) Finding square by using Dwand Yog : It is the application of Urdhva Tiryak formula. Before finding square with the help of this, first of all we will try to learn to find out Dwand yog.- (1) Dwand Yog of | digit i.e. Dwand yog of 3 = 3? = 9 (2) Dwand Yog of 2 digit i.e. Dwand yog of 23 =2@x 3) Dwand yog of 53 =2(6x 3)=20 (3) Dwand Yog of 3 digit = double of multiplication of last digit + square of middle nos. = Dwand Yog of 354 =2 (3 x 4) + 5?= 49 (4) Dwand Yog of 4 digit = Dwand Yog of 5342 = 2 (6 x 2) + 2 (3 x 4) = 44 Z ® Paper-4/ Part-ll (Aptitude Test, Logical Reasoning, Mental Ability)~p [coal VetleNa Example (1) Find the square by using Dwand Yoga - 322, 1232, 4325* | Solution- Moving from unit to the increasing order and then from the decreasing order writing Dwand Yop This is the process of finding square. Dwand yog] Dwand yog| Oa Dwand of ; Tens ofboth | of Unit (@) 129 (Ht HT.) TU. | T.U.1U.) @) 4328 = 18[7 |o|5 5 = 2| asia 6 2 alz Square root — a. : ‘Vilokanam method- The square root of nos upto four, five digits can be found by observation. Ob. serve the following table. Not: | 2 a [5s [6 7 3 @ 70 Nor 11 f* |e | «6 | as | «% | 4 | o& | a | 100 jakj7 | * f= | 7 |? | s 7 7 3 7 Unit of Square Unit of Square root 1 1Ore 4 20re 5 5 6 40r6 9 30r7 ° 0 Tip— (1) Thenos. having units 2, 3, 7, 8 are not complete square. @) —_Thenos: having units 2, 3, 5, 6 or 8 are not complete square. (3) The pairs of digit of the nos. is made will have the square root with equal digit. Example (1) Find the square root of 5184 by Viloknama method. Solution— V 5184 = (1) Two pairs are given hence two digits will be present in square root no. (2) The unit from right pair (84) will be fixed and the unit of left pair (51) will be fixed. G3) The square no. is with unit 4 thus unit of square root will be 2 or 8, (4) The tens will be fixed from the left pair 51. The closest square root of 51 is 7? thus 7? = 49 and 8°=6! We see that it is more than 51 hence we will take 7 in the unit place. (5) Any 1 digit from 72 or 78 will be the answer. (6) Any no. between 72 or 78 whose unit is 5 is 75. From Sutra Ekadhiken Purven, 75°=5625. 7) 5184 is smaller than 5625. So no smaller than 75 that is 72 is the answer. So Yste4 = 72 tae @ Paper-4/ Part-I (Aptitude Test, Logical Reasonit Mental Ability) ee[esa Vedic Maths Cube — (1) Aanurupyen method — To find the square root of any number by this method must be of two digits Example ~ (1) Solve 13° by Aanurupyen method. Solution = 13"= 1. 3. 927 => To find 13°, write 1’ = 1 and write the other term after multiplying by 3. 6 18 Adding the square of both term in the middle. Now we will find the answer by adding from the unit place. zy 1 [2 |e = 2187 Example— (2) Find it - 41? Solution- 4 = 64 16 4 1. =>Tofind 41’, write 1? = 1 & write the other term after multiplying by 4. +32 8 slept See the ratio of both the digits. Look and understand a|a = 68921 @) — Wecan findout the square root of two digit nos. by using the formula (at+b)’ =a? + 3a°b + 3ab? + b? in the same sequence. (a |b) = a? | 32% | 3ab? | b> Example- 32? Solution— 32 |7 6 8 From the unit side spi] ¢) Sutra Yavyduna Tavdunikritya varg cha yojayet : The cube of nos. close to base can be find out by this method. Example— Find the value of - 104° Solution- 104” = (100.+ 3 x 04) 13 x (04)? | (04)? = 112/ 48 / 64 = 1124864 ‘Step-(a) The base no. and deviation of the no. can be find out. Base = 100, Deviation = +04 Previous Year Questions Q.1. Use Vedic mathematics to solve the following. ii) Convert vinculum number 13 into general i) the product of 2104 and 3072. number. ii) the square of 201 (04 marks, 2013) Q.4. Using Vedic method, find {72g (02 marks, impli i 2016) Q.2. Simplify, using Vedic method. (08 marks, 2014) 784 + 511 - 287 - 186 + 432 - 279. Q:5. Solve: 321 x 452 (04 marks, 2018) Q3.a) What is vinculum number? (20 marks, 2015) ek ‘Triyagbhyam and check the answer ee number 289 into vinCu- © 6 Find the value of 8157 +2103 -3451 - 1625 by lum number. using Vinculum method. (02 marks, 2020) -_ hee e Paper-/ Partll (Aptitude Test, Logical Reasoning, Mental Ability)