LLD Problems -> TypeScript Solutions and Patterns (Q1-Q25)

Generated: 2025-09-25 18:17:19

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Table of Contents (Q1-Q25)

Q1: Parking Lot
Q2: Stack Overflow
Q3: Vending Machine
Q4: Logging Framework
Q5: Traffic Signal Control System
Q6: Coffee Vending Machine
Q7: Task Management System
Q8: ATM
Q9: LinkedIn
Q10: LRU Cache
Q11: Tic Tac Toe
Q12: Pub Sub System
Q13: Elevator System
Q14: Car Rental System
Q15: Online Auction System
Q16: CricInfo
Q17: Splitwise
Q18: Chess Game
Q19: Snake & Ladder
Q20: Ride-Sharing Service
Q21: Course Registration System
Q22: Movie Ticket Booking System
Q23: Online Stock Brokerage System
Q24: Music Streaming Service
Q25: Online Food Delivery Service
Q1: Parking Lot
D
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s
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g
n

p
a
r
k
i
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g

l
o
t

w
i
t
h

m
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p
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s
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t
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,

e
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x
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,

t
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k
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g
,

a
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d

p
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g
.

D
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P
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s

U
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:

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n
,

F
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y
,

S
t
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O
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r
,

S
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U
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(
T
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:

P
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 -
>

P
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i
n
g
L
o
t

-
>

S
l
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t

-
>

V
e
h
i
c
l
e

Q2: Stack Overflow

D
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s
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g
n

Q
&
A
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y
s
t
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m

f
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q
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s
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a
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w
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s
,

c
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s
,

v
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d

n
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.

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P
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:
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r
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,

F
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,

S
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>

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n

-
>

A
n
s
w
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-
>

C
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m
m
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n
t

Q3: Vending Machine

D
e
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n

v
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d
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m
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(
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>

P
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-
 >

D
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s
p
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n
s
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r

Q4: Logging Framework

D
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g
n

l
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g
g
i
n
g

w
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h

a
p
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,
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.

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>
 F
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Q5: Traffic Signal Control System

D
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S
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Q6: Coffee Vending Machine

D
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m
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t

Q7: Task Management System

D
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C
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m
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t

Q8: ATM
D
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s
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T
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w
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h

c
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a
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(
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-
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 C
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D
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r

Q9: LinkedIn
D
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p
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F
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Q10: LRU Cache

D
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a
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L
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w
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M
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Q11: Tic Tac Toe

D
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T
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Q12: Pub Sub System

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Q13: Elevator System

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Q14: Car Rental System
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Q15: Online Auction System

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/**
* Snake & Ladder -- TypeScript Implementation (Interview-ready)
*
* Patterns used:
* - Strategy: Dice rolling strategies (Normal, Crooked, Weighted)
* - Factory: BoardFactory to create default or custom board
* - Observer: Game observers can subscribe to move events (UI, logger)
* - State (optional): Player lifecycle (Waiting, Playing, Finished)
*
* Save as: snake_and_ladder.ts
* Run with: npx ts-node snake_and_ladder.ts
*/

/* ---------------------------
TypeScript notes:
- Use `number` (primitive) for numeric types (avoid `Number` wrapper).
- Use `readonly` for values that should not be reassigned.
- Interfaces define contracts (like Strategy interfaces).
- Use `Map<number, number>` for snakes/ladders mapping.
- Use explicit access modifiers (`public`, `private`, `protected`) for clarity.
--------------------------- */

// ------------------- Dice Strategy -------------------

// Strategy interface for dice rolling. Different implementations can be provided.
interface DiceStrategy {
roll(): number; // return an integer roll (e.g., 1..6)
}

// Normal 6-sided dice

class NormalDice implements DiceStrategy {
roll(): number {
// [Link]([Link]()*6) + 1 yields 1..6
return [Link]([Link]() * 6) + 1;
}
}

// Crooked dice: only even values (2,4,6)

class CrookedDice implements DiceStrategy {
roll(): number {
const evens = [2, 4, 6];
return evens[[Link]([Link]() * [Link])];
}
}

// Weighted dice: emphasize higher numbers (example)

class WeightedDice implements DiceStrategy {
roll(): number {
const choices = [1,2,3,4,5,6,6,6]; // 6 is more likely
return choices[[Link]([Link]() * [Link])];
}
}

// ------------------- Board & Factory -------------------

class Board {
readonly size: number; // total cells (e.g., 100)
readonly snakes: Map<number, number>;
readonly ladders: Map<number, number>;

constructor(size: number, snakes?: Map<number, number>, ladders?: Map<number, number>) {

[Link] = size;
[Link] = snakes ?? new Map<number, number>();
[Link] = ladders ?? new Map<number, number>();
}

// apply snakes/ladders chain until no more present at that square

applySnakesAndLadders(pos: number): number {
let cur = pos;
// loop till no snake/ladder found to handle chained ladders/snakes
while (true) {
if ([Link](cur)) {
cur = [Link](cur)!;
} else if ([Link](cur)) {
cur = [Link](cur)!;
} else {
break;
}
 }
return cur;
}
}

class BoardFactory {
// create standard 10x10 board with some default snakes/ladders
static createDefaultBoard(): Board {
const snakes = new Map<number, number>([
[99, 21],
[95, 75],
[92, 88],
[89, 68],
[74, 53],
[62, 19],
[64, 60],
[49, 11],
[46, 25],
[16, 6]
]);
const ladders = new Map<number, number>([
[2, 38],
[7, 14],
[8, 31],
[15, 26],
[21, 42],
[28, 84],
[36, 44],
[51, 67],
[71, 91],
[78, 98],
[87, 94]
]);
return new Board(100, snakes, ladders);
}
}

// ------------------- Observer (Game events) -------------------

interface GameObserver {
onMove(playerName: string, from: number, to: number, roll: number): void;
onWin(playerName: string): void;
}

class ConsoleLogger implements GameObserver {

onMove(playerName: string, from: number, to: number, roll: number) {
[Link](`${playerName} rolled ${roll} and moved from ${from} -> ${to}`);
}
onWin(playerName: string) {
[Link](`[WIN] ${playerName} wins the game!`);
}
}

// ------------------- Player (basic, optional state) -------------------

enum PlayerState {
WAITING = "WAITING",
PLAYING = "PLAYING",
FINISHED = "FINISHED"
}

class Player {
position: number = 0;
state: PlayerState = [Link];

constructor(public readonly name: string) {}

setState(s: PlayerState) { [Link] = s; }

}
// ------------------- Game -------------------
class Game {
private currentIdx: number = 0;
private observers: GameObserver[] = [];

constructor(
public readonly board: Board,
public readonly players: Player[],
private readonly dice: DiceStrategy
) {
if ([Link] === 0) throw new Error("At least one player required");
for (const p of players) [Link]([Link]);
players[0].setState([Link]);
}

subscribe(obs: GameObserver) { [Link](obs); }

unsubscribe(obs: GameObserver) { [Link] = [Link](o => o !== obs); }

private notifyMove(player: Player, from: number, to: number, roll: number) {

for (const o of [Link]) [Link]([Link], from, to, roll);
}
private notifyWin(player: Player) {
for (const o of [Link]) [Link]([Link]);
}

playTurn(): boolean {
const player = [Link][[Link]];
if ([Link] === [Link]) {
[Link]();
return false;
}

const roll = [Link]();

const from = [Link];
let tentative = from + roll;

if (tentative > [Link]) {

[Link](player, from, from, roll);
[Link]();
return false;
}

const finalPos = [Link](tentative);

[Link] = finalPos;

[Link](player, from, finalPos, roll);

if (finalPos === [Link]) {

[Link]([Link]);
[Link](player);
return true;
}

if (roll === 6) {
return false;
}

[Link]();
return false;
}

private advanceTurn() {
const n = [Link];
for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
const idx = ([Link] + i) % n;
if ([Link][idx].state !== [Link]) {
 [Link] = idx;
break;
}
}
}

playAll() {
let ended = false;
while (!ended) {
ended = [Link]();
}
}
}

// ------------------- Demo usage -------------------

function demo() {
const board = [Link]();
const players = [new Player("Alice"), new Player("Bob"), new Player("Charlie")];
const dice = new NormalDice(); // swap strategies: CrookedDice, WeightedDice
const game = new Game(board, players, dice);
[Link](new ConsoleLogger());
[Link]();
}

// Run demo if this script is executed directly (in Node)

// demo();
Notes & Next Steps
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