TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

GRADE 10- COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING

QUARTER 1- WEEK 7
ALLAN C. TIMBAL
Author

Competency

The learners demonstrate an understanding of concepts and principles in

setting up computer networks. (1) Perform installation work and check for
unnecessary damage that occurs and complies with requirements.

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will
disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.

2. Write in your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

At the end of the lesson, learners will be able to acquire Most Essential Learning

Competencies (MELC) :

● Identify errors in protocols

● Compress data
● Decide how data should be sent
● Assign address to data
● Decide how to announce sent and received data

Multiple Choice

DIRECTIONS: Read each item carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
[Link] command is used to find out the IP address of a certain network in a
connected computer?
a. ping b. ipconfig c. dxdiag d. msconfig
2. An IP address used by large networks.
 a. class d b. class c c. class a d. class d
3. It indicates the network portion of an IP address.
a. subnet mask b. DNS c. IPV4 d. ipconfig
4. An IP address used for experimental testing.
a. class d b. class c c. class a d. class d
5. A number used to identify a device on a network.
a. ping b. ipconfig c. dxdiag d. IP address

6. Each individual part of a data in a computer that represents 1 or 0.

a. bit b. byte c. kilobyte d. megabyte
7. The connection of multiple computer networks via a common routing technology
using routers.
a. extranet b. intranet c. internetwork d. internet
8. A network topology where all nodes are connected to a common medium along
this medium.
a. ring b. mesh c. bus d. star
9. A class A octet which indicates that the first octet of the IP address is the
network portion
a. [Link] b. [Link] c. [Link] d. [Link]
10. A network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area
such as a home, school, office building or closely positioned group of buildings.
a. WAN b. PAN c. MAN [Link]

You have already learned in your Grade 9 computer class the wide variety of
networking cables. These cables differ in bandwidth, size and cost. You need to
know what type of cable to use on the job requirements.

Exercise 1
Directions: Complete the pin number designation for T-568B (Straight-through)
and T-568A (Cross-over) cables. Write your answer in a sheet of paper.
T-568B T-568A
Pin Color Pair No. Pin Color Pair No.
1 white/orange ____ 1 white/green ____
2 orange ____ 2 green ____
3 white/green ____ 3 white/orange ____
4 blue ____ 4 blue ____
5white/blue ____ 5 white/blue ____
6 green ____ 6 orange ____
7 white/brown ____ 7 white/brown ____
8 brown ____ 8 brown ____

A computer network is a telecommunication network that allows computers

to exchange data. The physical connection between network computing devices is
established using either cable media or wireless media. The best known computer
network is the Internet.

Communication Protocols/Internet Protocols

A protocol is a set of rules. A letter sent through the postal system also uses
protocols. Part of the protocol specifies where on the envelope the delivery address
needs to be written. If the delivery address is written in the wrong place, the letter
cannot be delivered. Internet protocol works in a similar way. They are set of rules
governing communication within and between computers on a network. Protocol
specifications define the format of the messages to be exchanged.
____________________________________________________________________________
TLE 10 – COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING AUTHOR: ALLAN C. TIMBAL
Quarter 1-Week 7 TEAM LEADER: ROMEO N. PARAS
1
To understand how networks and the Internet works, you must be familiar with
the commonly used protocols. These protocols are used to browse the web, send
and receive e-mail and transfer data files. You will encounter protocols as your
experience in IT grows but they are not used as often s the common protocols
described here:
TCP/IP – the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol suite of
protocols has become the dominant standard for internet working. It represents a
set of public standards that specify how packets of information are exchanged
between computers over one or more networks.
IPX/SPX – Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange is
the protocol suite originally employed by Novell Corporation’s network operating
system, NetWare. It delivers functions similar to those included in TCP/IP.
NetBEUI – NetBIOS Extended User Interface is a protocol used primarily on
small Windows NT networks. NetBEUI cannot be routed or used by routers to talk
to each other on a large network.

Network Scale
A network can be characterized by its physical capacity or it’s organizational
purpose. Use of the network including user authorization and access rights differ
accordingly.
Personal Area Network (PAN) – is a computer network used for communication
among computers and different information technological devices close to one
person.
Local Area network (LAN) – is a network that connects computers and devices in a
limited geographical area such as a home, school, office building or closely
positioned group of buildings.
Home Area Network (HAN) – is a residential LAN which is used for
communications between digital devices typically deployed in the home, usually a
small number of personal computers and accessories such as printers and mobile
computing devices.
Storage Area Network (SAN) – is a dedicated network that provides access to
consolidated block level data storage.
Campus Area Network (CAN) – is made up of an interconnection of LAN’s within a
limited geographical area. The networking equipment and transmission media are
almost entirely owned by the campus tenant/owner.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) – a large computer network that usually spans
a city or a large campus.
Wide Area Network (WAN) – is a computer network that covers a large
demographic area such as a city, country or spans even intercontinental distances.
Enterprise Area Network (EAN) – a network built by a single organization to
interconnect its office location in order to share computer resources.
Virtual Private Network (VPN)– a computer network in which some of the links
between nodes are carried by open connections or virtual circuits in some larger
network instead of physical wires.
Organizational scope – are typically managed by the organizations that own them.
Private enterprise networks may use a combination of intranets and extranets..
Intranet – a set of networks that are under the control of a single administrative
entity.
Extranet – a network that is also under the administrative control of a single
organization but supports a limited connection to a specific external network.
Internetwork – the connection of multiple computer networks via a common
routing technology using routers.
Internet – the largest example of internetwork. It is a global system of
interconnected governmental, academic, corporate, public and private computer
networks. It is based on the networking technologies of the Internet Protocol Suite.
____________________________________________________________________________
TLE 10 – COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING AUTHOR: ALLAN C. TIMBAL
Quarter 1-Week 7 TEAM LEADER: ROMEO N. PARAS
2
Network Categories
Network can be divided into two main categories:
[Link]-to-Peer – a type of network category where
there is no dedicated server or hierarchy among
computers. All the computers are equal and
therefore known as peers. Normally each computer
serves as Client/Server and there is no one
assigned to be an administrator fort the entire
network.
2. Server-based –
the term Client/Server refers to the concept of
sharing the work involved in processing data
between the client computer and the most
powerful server computer.

Network topology is the layout or organizational hierarchy of interconnected

nodes of a computer network.
Common layouts are:
· Bus Topology – all nodes are connected
to a common medium along this medium.

·Star Topology – all nodes are connected to a

special central node. A typical layout found in
wireless LAN.

· Ring Topology – each node is connected to it’s left

and right neighbor node such that all nodes are
connected and that each node can reach other node
by traversing nodes left or rightwards.

· Mesh Topology – each node is connected to an

arbitrary number of neighbors in such a way that there
is at least one traversal from any node to any other.

· Fully Connected

____________________________________________________________________________
TLE 10 – COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING AUTHOR: ALLAN C. TIMBAL
Quarter 1-Week 7 TEAM LEADER: ROMEO N. PARAS
3
Topology – each node is connected to every node in the network.

IP Addressing

An IP Address is a number that is used to identify a device on the network. Each

device on a network must have a unique IP address to communicate with other
network devices.
Computers use binary code (i.e. they use only 2 digits) to represent data. A circuit
that’s switched on represents the digit 1 and a circuit that’s switched off represents
the digit 0.
· Bit – each individual 1 or 0 is called a bit (binary digit).
· Byte – 8 bits is called byte.
· Kilobyte – 1 kilobyte (1 KB) is about a thousand bytes.
To be exact, 1 KB = 210 = 1,024 bytes
· Megabyte – 1 megabyte (1 MB) is about a million bytes.
To be exact, 1 MB = 220 = 1,048,576 bytes
· Gigabyte – 1 gigabyte (1GB) is about a million thousand bytes.
To be exact, 1G = 230 = 1,073,741,824 bytes
The logical 32-bit IP Address is hierarchical and is composed of two parts. The first
part identifies the network and the second part identifies a host. For example if a
host has an IP Address of [Link], the first three octets 192.168.18
identifies the network portion of the address and the last octet 57 identified the
host.

Five Classes of IP Address

IP Classes Purpose
Class A Used for large networks,
implemented by large companies
and some countries
Class B Used for medium-sized networks,
implemented by universities
Class C Used for small networks,
implemented by ISP’s for customer
subscription
Class D Used for special use of multicasting
Class E Used for experimental testing

Subnet Mask
The subnet mask indicates the network portion of an IP Address. Like the IP
address, the subnet mask is a dotted-decimal number. Usually all hosts within a
LAN use the same subnet mask. Default subnet mask for usable IP Addresses are
mapped to the first three classes of IP Addresses:
· [Link] – Class A, which indicates that the first octet of the IP address is the
network portion
Class A Network Host
Octet 1 2 3 4

· [Link] – Class B, which indicates that the first two octets of the IP address
are the network portion.
Class B Network Host
Octet 1 2 3 4

____________________________________________________________________________
TLE 10 – COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING AUTHOR: ALLAN C. TIMBAL
Quarter 1-Week 7 TEAM LEADER: ROMEO N. PARAS
4
· [Link] – Class C, which indicates that the first three octets of the IP
address are the network portion.
Class C Network Host
Octet 1 2 3 4

Class D addresses are used for multicast groups. There is no need to allocate octet
or bits to separate network and host addresses.
Class E addresses are reserved for research use only
Ipconfig – is a command used to find out the IP address of a certain network you
are connected to.

*Computer Hardware Servicing NCII-Reading Materials-Compiled by: Lovely

Mae D. Garcia & Lorderick B. Bermudo
*Learner’s Material-Computer Hardware Servicing-Grade 10-First Edition, 2014
*[Link]

Activity 1.1 Communication Protocols

Directions: In this worksheet, write the name of the communication protocols and
identify its scale, categories of topology in table. Do this in your notebook.
Protocol Definition Scale/Category/Topology
Each node is connected to every node
in the network.

A type of network category where

there is no dedicated servers or
hierarchy among computers
A computer network in which some of
the links between nodes are carried by
open connections or virtual circuits in
some larger network instead of
physical wires.
It represents a set of public standards
that specify how packets of
information are exchanged between
computers over one or more networks.

All nodes are connected to a common

medium along this medium.

A network that is also under the

administrative control of a single
organization but supports a limited
connection to a specific external
network.

____________________________________________________________________________
TLE 10 – COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING AUTHOR: ALLAN C. TIMBAL
Quarter 1-Week 7 TEAM LEADER: ROMEO N. PARAS
5
Activity 1.2 IP Addressing
Directions: In this worksheet, your teacher will write several IP addresses with
their appropriate subnet masks. You will copy the IP Address and subnet Mask.
You will write which IP Address Class is appropriate in the IP Address Class
column in the chart. An example has been provided for you.
Be prepared to discuss the IP Address class you select.
IP Address Subnet Mask IP Address Class
[Link] [Link]

KEY TERMINOLOGIES:
Extranet – a network that is also under the administrative control of a single
organization but supports a limited connection to a specific external network.
Internetwork – the connection of multiple computer networks via a common
routing technology using routers.
Internet – the largest example of internetwork. It is a global system of
interconnected governmental, academic, corporate, public and private computer
networks. It is based on the networking technologies of the Internet Protocol Suite.
· Bit – each individual 1 or 0 is called a bit (binary digit)
· Byte – 8 bits is called byte
· Kilobyte – 1 kilobyte (1 KB) is about a thousand bytes.
· Megabyte – 1 megabyte (1 MB) is about a million bytes.
· Gigabyte – 1 gigabyte (1GB) is about a million thousand bytes

DIRECTIONS : Answer the following questions.

[Link] are the procedures involved in calculating IP Address?

_________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________________
TLE 10 – COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING AUTHOR: ALLAN C. TIMBAL
Quarter 1-Week 7 TEAM LEADER: ROMEO N. PARAS
6
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. List down different IP Classes?
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3. What are the distinguished communication protocols?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. What are necessary procedures in calculating subnet masks?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. Show an example calculation of binary digits used in IP addressing?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Multiple Choice:
DIRECTIONS: Read each item carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
[Link] command is used to find out the IP address of a certain network in a
connected computer?
a. ping b. ipconfig c. dxdiag d. msconfig
2. An IP address used by large networks.
a. class d b. class c c. class a d. class d

3. It indicates the network portion of an IP address.

a. subnet mask b. DNS c. IPV4 d. ipconfig
4. An IP address used for experimental testing.
a. class d b. class c c. class a d. class e
5. A number used to identify a device on a network.
a. ping b. ipconfig c. dxdiag d. IP address
6. Each individual part of a data in a computer that represents 1 or 0.
a. bit b. byte c. kilobyte d. megabyte
7. The connection of multiple computer networks via a common routing technology
using routers.
a. extranet b. intranet c. internetwork d. internet

8. A network topology where all nodes are connected to a common medium along
this medium.
a. ring b. mesh c. bus d. star
9. A class A octet which indicates that the first octet of the IP address is the
network portion
a. [Link] b. [Link] c. [Link] d. [Link]
10. A network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area
such as a home, school, office building or closely positioned group of buildings.
a. WAN b. PAN c. MAN [Link]

Identifying the network portion and host of an IP address helps you

locate its IP address class. Routers only need to know how to reach each network
and the location of each individual host.
____________________________________________________________________________
TLE 10 – COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING AUTHOR: ALLAN C. TIMBAL
Quarter 1-Week 7 TEAM LEADER: ROMEO N. PARAS
7