𝑑𝑟⃗ 𝑑𝑣⃗ 𝑑 2 𝑟⃗ 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜔

⃗⃗
𝑣⃗ = 𝑎⃗ = = 𝜔
⃗⃗ = 𝑒⃗ 𝛼⃗ =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 𝑧 𝑑𝑡
𝑣2 𝑑2𝜃 2
⃗⃗ × 𝑅⃗⃗
𝑣⃗ = 𝜔 𝑎⃗𝑁 = − 𝑒⃗𝑅 𝑎⃗ 𝑇 = 𝑅 2 𝑒⃗𝜃   2 . f 
𝑅 𝑑𝑡 T
    1  dp
F  ma P  mv T  mv 2 F
2 dt
 
W   F  dr 𝑑𝑊 L d  L 
= 𝐹⃗ ∙ 𝑣⃗ L  T U   0
qi dt  qi 
𝑃𝑚𝑒𝑐 =
C 𝑑𝑡
∑𝑖 𝑚𝑖 𝑟⃗𝑖 ∑𝑖 𝑚𝑖 𝑣⃗𝑖
𝑅⃗⃗𝐶𝑀 = ⃗⃗𝐶𝑀 =
𝑉 𝑟⃗𝑖 = 𝑅⃗⃗𝐶𝑀 + 𝑟⃗𝑖∗ ⃗⃗𝐶𝑀 + 𝑣⃗𝑖∗
𝑣⃗𝑖 = 𝑉
∑𝑖 𝑚 𝑖 ∑𝑖 𝑚 𝑖
1 1
𝑃⃗⃗∗ = ∑ 𝑚𝑖 𝑣⃗𝑖∗ = 0 𝑇 ∗ = ∑ 𝑚𝑖 𝑣𝑖∗
2
𝑇 = 𝑀𝑉𝐶𝑀2
+ 𝑇∗
2 2
𝑖 𝑖
      
L   ri  Pi N   ri  Fi dL
N
  
L  I
i i dt

I  m R i i
2
𝐼 = ∫ 𝜌𝑅2 𝑑𝑉 TROT 
1 2
I ⃗⃗ ∙ 𝜔
𝑃𝑚𝑒𝑐 𝑅𝑂𝑇 = 𝑁 ⃗⃗
i
𝑉 2

  𝑀𝑚
1 Mm  𝑈 = −𝐺
F  U 𝐹⃗ = −𝑘𝑥𝑒⃗𝑥 𝑈 = 𝑘𝑥 2 F   G 2 er 𝑟
2 r

𝑘 𝑔 𝜇
𝜔0 = √ 𝜔0 = √ 𝑥 = 𝐴 𝑒 −𝜆𝑡 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑) 𝜆= 𝜔 = √𝜔02 − 𝜆2
𝑚 ℓ 2𝑚
𝐹0
𝑚 −2𝜆𝜔𝑓 1 2𝜋 2𝜋
𝐴(𝜔𝑓 ) = tan 𝜑(𝜔𝑓 ) = 𝑓= ;𝜔= 𝜆 = 𝑣𝑇; 𝑘 =
√(𝜔0 2 − 𝜔𝑓2 ) + 4𝜆2 𝜔𝑓2
2 (𝜔0 −
2
𝜔2𝑓 ) 𝑇 𝑇 𝜆

𝑇 𝑑𝑝 𝑛𝜋
𝜕2𝜙 1 𝜕2𝜙 𝑣 = √ ; 𝑣√ ; 𝑘𝑛 =
− =0 𝜙(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐴 sin(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥 + 𝛼) 𝜇 𝑑𝜌 𝐿
𝜕𝑥 2 𝑣 2 𝜕𝑡 2
1 𝑣𝑜 𝑛𝑖 sin 𝜃𝑖 = 𝑛𝑡 sin 𝜃𝑡
𝑓′ = 𝑓 𝑣𝑓 ′
𝑓 = 𝑓 (1 ± ) sin 𝜃𝑖 = sin 𝜃𝑟 𝑐
1∓ 𝑣 𝑛=
𝑣 𝑣
𝑑 sin 𝜃 = 𝑚𝜆
𝜕𝑣
{ 𝜆 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑚𝜆 2𝑑 sin 𝜃 = 𝑚𝜆 𝑢 =𝑣−𝜆
𝑑 sin 𝜃 = 𝑚𝜆 + 𝜕𝜆
2