DESCRIPTIVE
TEXT
A. Pengertian & Fungsi Descriptive
Text
Dalam bahasa Inggris, ada berbagai jenis
teks. Salah satunya adalah Descriptive Text.
Descriptive text atau teks deskriptif adalah
suatu teks yang menjelaskan atau
mendeskripsikan orang, binatang atau
suatu benda baik bentuknya, sifatnya,
jumlahnya dan lain-lain. Tujuan dari
descriptive text adalah untuk menjelaskan,
menggambarkan, atau mengungkapkan
seseorang atau suatu benda.
B. Struktur Umum Descriptive Text
Struktur umum (generic structure) dalam descriptive
text terdiri dari:
1. Identification (identifikasi) | pendahuluan, berupa
gambaran umum tentang suatu topik, atau
pengenalan objek atau hal yang dideskripsikan
2. Description (deskripsi) | berisi informasi tentang
ciri-ciri khusus yang dimiliki benda, tempat, atau
orang yang dideskripsikan. Misalnya sifat-sifat,
tampilan fisik, dan hal lain yang dituliskan dengan
spesifik.
C. Unsur Kebahasaan Descriptive Text
Unsur kebahasaan atau ciri Descriptive Text sebagai
Unsur kebahasaan atau ciri Descriptive Text sebagai berikut:
1. Noun | Menggunakan kata benda yang spesifik, seperti misalnya my cat, my boyfriend, National
Monument, Selain itu, sering juga menggunakan adjective (kata sifat) untuk memperjelas penggunaan
noun (kata benda), seperti a big house, a smart student, an independence woman.
2. Simple present tense | menggunakan kata kerja dasar atau bentuk pertama (verb 1) serta
menggunakan kata kerja yang dapat menunjukkan kepemilikan atau keadaan sebuah objek. Descriptive
text menggunakan simple present tense karena jenis teks ini menceritakan sebuah fakta dari objek yang
dideskripsikan. Misalnya, My office has 22 floors, Azka is pretty, dan lain-lain.
3. Adjective | kata sifat digunakan untuk menjelaskan objek.
4. Figurative language | Menggunakan bahasa yang figurative atau menggambarkan sesuatu, Biasanya
menggunakan sebuah metafora untuk memberikan ilustrasi kepada pembaca. Misalnya: My love for you
is as big as the ocean (Cintaku padamu seluas lautan); Her skin is as white as the snow (Kulitnya seputih
salju).
D. Contoh Descriptive Text
1. Descriptive text tentang tempat
Singapore is a South-east Asian country located between Malaysia and Indonesia.
Despite its small size, Singapore is known for its transition as a third-world country to
the first-world country. Singapore also was known as the Asian Tiger economy, based
on external trade and its workforce. Singapore size is not as big as Indonesia, but the
city ranks highly in numerous international rankings for its education, entertainment,
finance, healthcare, human capital, innovation, logistics, manufacturing, technology,
tourism, trade, and transport.
Singapore is home to 5.6 million people with a diverse culture. Majority ethnic
groups in Singapore are Chinese, Malay, and Indian. Singapore Independence Day
was on the 9th of August 1965. Merlion Statue is the official mascot of Singapore.
Singapore is famous for its Garden by the Bay, Marina Bay Sands, dan Orchard Road.
2. Descriptive text tentang benda
I have a favorite motorcycle. My father bought it for me when I was
in Senior High School. This is the only motorcycle that I have right
now, but even if one day I buy another one, this one will always be
my favorite, because there are so many thing happened with me
and this motorcycle. For me, it is irreplaceable.
The type of my favorite motorcycle is underbones. If you are
familiar with various types of motorcycles, then I believe you can
imagine what my motorcycle looks like. The dominant color of my
motorcycle is red. It has spoke wheels type of rim and standard
tire. The original rearview mirror was broken and I replace it with a
smaller one. Last year I replace the original shock absorber with
the new one. The color of the new shock absorber is black. A very
distinctive part of my motorcycle is the seat. It is because I
modified it a little bit from the original shape. The seat of my
motorcycle is so long so it can accommodate two person. I decided
to add some foam rubber on it, start from the middle part of the
seat up to the back part. It makes the back part of the seat to be
higher than the front part and cause a border which separated the
driver's seat and the passenger's seat.
3. Descriptive text tentang orang
My Father
My father is Mr. Marzuki. He is very warm, smart, dan
funny person. I live with him in Munjungan, Trenggalek.
My father is quite handsome man. Now, he is about 35
years old. He has well-built body because he always
does exercise every day. He is also tall. He has short
black hair and black eyes. He has an oval face and
pointed chin. He has slight moustaches and beard. He
has slight dark brown skin.
My father is a junior high school teacher. He teaches
sports. He always goes to school in early morning and
comes home in the afternoon around 03.00 pm. He
works hard for his family. We all love him so much. He is
the best father in the world to me.