Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Deskripsi

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Deskripsi

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Deskripsi

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Deskripsi

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Deskripsi

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Deskripsi

Mesin
Mesin Bensin Mesin Diesel
Stroke
Campuran udara-bahan bakar dibawa ke dalam silinder Hanya udara yang dibawa ke silinder
Intake

Kompresi Piston mengkompresi campuran udara-bahan bakar . Piston mengkompresi udara untuk meningkatkan
kedua tekanan ke kira-kira 3 MPa (30kgf/cm2,430 psi)
dan temperatur ke kira-kira 500-800C
(930-1,470 F).

Pembakaran Busi menyalakan campuran udara-bahan bakar bahan bakar is terinjeksi into heated, highly
yang terkompresi compressed udara, where it ignites due to heat
of pressurized udara.

Exhaust Piston memaksagas keluar silinder. Piston memaksa gas buangan keluar silinder.

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Kondisi untuk Mengoperasikan Mesin Diesel

Kompresi

Sistem bahan bakar

Sistem preheating

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Kondisi untuk Mengoperasikan Mesin Diesel

(C)
70
0
Temperatur Kompresi
60 (Initial temperatur 60C)
0
50

temperatur
0
40 temperatur
Kompresi (Initial temperatur 20C)
0
30
0 100 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
(kPa)
20
1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0 (kgf/cm2)
tekanan (tekanan Absolut)
10
0

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Kondisi untuk Mengoperasikan Mesin Diesel

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Kondisi untuk Mengoperasikan Mesin Diesel

Tipe glow plug Tipe intake heater

Glow plug

Intake heater

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Output Control pada Mesin Diesel

Dikontrol dengan mengatur Dikontrol dengan mengatur

Mesin jumlah bahan bakar terinjeksi. Mesin jumlahcampuran udara-bahan
(Jumlah udara yang memasuki Bensin bakar yang disuplai ke
Diesel silinder tidak diatur.) silinder menggunakan throttle
valve.

Pedal gas
Pedal gas

Injeksi Injektor
ECU
nozzle Busi

Pompa injeksi

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Siklus Pembakaran

1. Kemampuan pembakaran
bahan bakar diesel

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Siklus Pembakaran

2. Hubungan antara
Kompresi ratio dan
Kompresi tekanan atau
suhu
(kgf/cm2) (MPa) (C)
130 13 130
120 12 0

110 11 120
0
100 10
110
90 9 0
80 8 100
tekananKompresi

70 7 0
temperatur
60 6 900

temperatur
udara
50 5 800

udara
40 4 700

30 3 600

20 2 500
tekanan
10 1 400
Kompresi
0 0 300
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
200
Kompresi ratio
100
0

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Siklus Pembakaran

[Link] Diesel
Pembakaran
process

(kgf/cm2) (MPa)
60 6
D
C Injeksi bahan bakar berakhir
50 5

40 4
Ignition
B
tekanan

Injeksi bahan bakar

30 3 mulai E

20 2 A Pembakaran

Ignition delay
10 1
Injeksi bahan bakar
0 0
100 75 50 25 TDC 25 50 75 100
Crank angel

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Siklus Pembakaran

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Siklus Pembakaran

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Siklus Pembakaran

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Siklus Pembakaran

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Siklus Pembakaran

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Diesel Knock

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi Diesel Knock

1. Perbandingan
antara diesel
knock dan
How to prevent knocking
knocking Bensin
Items Mesin Diesel Mesin Bensin
Kompresi ratio Raise Lower
udara supply temperatur Raise Lower
Kompresi tekanan Raise Lower
silinder temperatur Raise Lower
bahan bakar ignition point Lower Raise
Ignition delay Shorte Lengthen
n

P P
Knocking Pembakaran Normal Knocking

Pembakaran Normal

Injeksi
hanya
hanya
Ignition Kompresi
Kompresi
t t
Diesel knock knocking Bensin

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Mesin Proper Piston

Turbocharger

Heat dam

No.1 piston ring groove

FRM
(Fiber - Reinforced metal)

Cooling channel

Supercharger

Oil jet

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Mesin Proper Piston Ring

[Link]/
[Link] semi-
keystone ring

Semi-keystone ring Peran semi-keystone ring

(No.1 Kompresi ring)
silinder
Piston

Sludge

Tapered ring Tapered under-cut ring Semi-keystone

(No.2 Kompresi ring) (No.2 Kompresi ring) ring

Solid ring dengan kumparan Three piece tipe ring

(Oil ring)
(Oil ring)

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Mesin Proper Bilik Pembakaran

1. Deskripsi
2. Bilik pembakaran tipe
injeksi langsung
nozzle
Injeksi

kepala silinder

bilik
Pembakaran
Piston

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Mesin Proper Bilik Pembakaran

3. Bilik Pembakaran tipe

Lingkar

Glow plug

nozzle injeksi

kepala silinder

Swirl bilik

Transfer
passage

Main
Pembakaran
bilik
Piston

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Mesin Proper Bilik Pembakaran

[Link] of piston

head

tipe Troidal Tipe Reentrant Tipe Square Tipe Spring leaf

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Mesin Proper Silinder Liner

[Link]
tipe Liner

silinder
liner

silinder block
silinder liner
silinder block
(A) = 0.01 - 0.1mm ( ~ AUG.1998 B series Mesin)

tipe Linerless

silinder block

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Mesin Proper Kepala Silinder Gasket

[Link]

Mark B,D or F
kepala silinder gasket (3L Mesin)

B
D

A’ Cutout
A
mark
F

Piston
A-A’ cross section
Piston
Protrusion
silinder block

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Mesin Proper Mekanisme Katup

[Link]-valve
mechanism

Valve bridge
Valve rocker shaft
Guide pin
Valve rocker arm Adjusting screw (1)
Intake valve Exhaust valve Roller
Adjusting screw (2)
Valve bridge
Camshaft
Guide pin

Valve rocker arm

Adjusting screw (1)

Valve bridge
Adjusting screw (2)

Guide pin

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Mesin Proper Mekanisme Katup

[Link]
penggantian timing
belt Interval penggantian timing belt

Contoh 1 Contoh 2

Cancel switch
screw

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Pelumasan Deskripsi

[Link] Cooler

Water-cooled oil cooler

Oil cooler

: dari pompa oli

: ke pompa oli
: ke Galeri oli utama
: ke Oil pan

Oil filter

Relief valve for oil pompa

Relief valve for oil cooler

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Pelumasan Deskripsi

[Link] Nozzle

Piston

silinder block

Galeri oli utama

Oil nozzle

Check ball

Check valve

REFERENSI:
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•
Dua tipe Check Valve
Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Pendinginan Deskripsi

1HD-FTE Mesin
viscous tipe
power heater:/ Viscous tipe power heater (1HD-FTE Mesin)
Contoh:
Power heater

Heater hose

Coolant

Mesin Front Rear

Magnet clutch heate heater
r

Magnet
clutch Power heater

udara conditioning
magnet clutch signal Power heater amp. Idle up switch
Ignition switch

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar Deskripsi

filter Pompa injeksi

bahan
bakar

Injeksi
nozzle

tangki
bahan
bakar

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar Priming Pump

[Link]

Priming pump

dari bahan bakar tank ke Pompa injeksi

filter
bahan bakar

Water sedimenter

Aliran bahan bakar

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar Priming Pump

2. Cara kerja

bilik
handle pompa
pompa
Diafragma
Inlet check
valve
Outlet check
valve

pompa Injeksi

tangki
bahan bakar nozzle Injeksi

bahan bakar

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar Priming Pump

bilik
handle
pompa
pompa Diafragma
Inlet check
valve
Outlet check
valve

pompa
Injeksi

tangki
bahan bakar nozzle
Injeksi
bahan bakar

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar Sedimenter Bahan Bakar

bahan bakar

air

Drain plug

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar Nozzle injeksi

[Link]

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar Nozzle injeksi

2. Pentingnya
menyesuaikan tekanan
pembukaan nozzle Nozzle holder

Overflow pipe

Adjusting shim

tekanan spring
tekanan pin
Distance piece
Nozzle needle

Nozzle body
Retaining nut

Pompa injeksi
discharge tekanan
Correct nozzle
opening tekanan Injeksi
volume
tekanan

Time
Correct Injeksi timing

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar Nozzle injeksi

Nozzle holder

Overflow pipe

Adjusting shim

tekanan spring
tekanan pin
Distance piece

Nozzle needle

Nozzle body
Retaining nut

Low
tekanan

Time
Advanced Injeksi timing

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar Nozzle injeksi

Nozzle holder

Overflow pipe

Adjusting shim

tekanan spring
tekanan pin
Distance piece

Nozzle needle

Nozzle body
Retaining nut

High
tekanan

Time
Retarded Injeksi timing

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar Nozzle injeksi

[Link]-stage

nozzle injeksi
No.2 tekanan
spring seat
No.3 tekanan
spring washer
Needle No.2 tekanan
Nozzle tip spring
body Straight pin
Nozzle holder
retaining nut Tip packing

No.1 tekanan
spring

No.1 tekanan Nozzle holder body

spring seat

No.2 tekanan spring washer

(adjusting shim)
tekanan pin
No.1 tekanan spring washer
(adjusting shim)

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar Nozzle injeksi

(2)Cara kerja

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar Nozzle injeksi

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar Delivery Valve

[Link]

Injeksi Injeksi
pompa side nozzle side

Valve seat Valve spring

Gaske Delivery valve Delivery valve holder
t

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar Delivery Valve

[Link] kerja

sisi sisi
Pompa injeksi nozzle injeksi

Relief valve Valve face

Operating stroke

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar Delivery Valve

Pompa injeksi nozzle injeksi

side side

Relief valve Valve face

Operating stroke

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar Delivery Valve

Pompa injeksi nozzle injeksi

side side

Relief valve Valve face

Operating stroke

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar Delivery Valve

sisi sisi
Pompa injeksi nozzle injeksi

Relief valve Valve face

Operating stroke

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar Delivery Valve

nozzle injeksi

Faulty

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar Pengurasan Udara Sistem Bahan Bakar

1. Melakukan bleeding
terhadap udara antara
tangki bahan bakar dan
Pompa injeksi [sisi tekanan
rendah)
2. Bleeding udara antara
Pompa injeksi dan nozzle pompa handle
injeksi (sisi tekanan tinggi) Priming pompa

Union nut

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem preheating Deskripsi

1. Pentingnya
Sistem preheating

Panas Kompresit suilt naik

Kebocoran tekanan
Kompresi

Cranking speed rendah

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem preheating Glow Plug

Thermal coil

Control coil

1100
1000
900
temperatur
Glow plug 800
(°C)
700
600
500

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Durasi arus mengalir (sec.)

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem preheating Sistem Glow

[Link] lampu indikator

glow

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem preheating Sistem Glow

[Link] kerja
sistem glow
(Tipe super

glow )
S-REL G-IND
Glow plug relay Glow indicator
Timer 2 Timer 1 ON
Sensor THW ST
STA
temperatur
Ignition switch
air
E2 Timer 3 Crankshaft
position sensor
NE+

NE-

Glow plugs Preheating timer atau emission control ECU

ON

Time (sec.)
Ignition OFF

Time (sec.)
switch ST t2
OFF
ON t1
NE signal Coolant temp.
OFF
Glow ON t1 Coolant temp.

Time (sec.)
indicator OFF
t3
Glow plug ON
relay OFF t2 t3
Coolant temp.
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REFERENCE: REFERENCE:
•Variable-delay tipe Circuit •Fixed-delay tipe Circuit
Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Perlengkapan Lain Intake Shutter

[Link]

Diafragma

Valve

VSV

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Perlengkapan Lain Intake Shutter

Diafragma

Katup

VSV

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Perlengkapan Lain Intake Shutter

Diafragma

Katup

VSV

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Perlengkapan Lain Intake Shutter

Diafragma

Katup

VSV

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel
Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Pelumasan Dua Tipe Check Valve

1 2
Check valve

Oil nozzle

Check valve
Spring
ke Oil nozzles
Dari Main oil
gallery

Check ball

Check ball

Pegas

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem preheating Sirkuit tipe Fixed-delay

Waktu penyalaan
lampu indikator: /

Waktu preheating: Ignition switch

AM1 IG1

AM2 IG2
ST2
Glow indicator
light

Preheating timer
Glow plug
relay
ke Voltege regulator
Glow plugs terminal L

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem preheating Sirkuit tipe Variable-delay

Waktu penyalaan lampu:/

Waktu preheating:
Ignition switch
AM1 IG1

AM2 IG2
ST2
Glow indicator
light

Preheating timer
ke Voltege regulator
Glow plug terminal L
relay

Glow plugs
Sensor
temperatur air

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