Chapter 0 Let’s build up

Part of speech

A. Noun (Kata Benda)

[1].Countable noun

Noun yang dapat dihitung. Di dalam Oxford Dictionary ditandai dengan N [C], karena
dapat dihitung, noun jenis ini memiliki dua bentuk :
Singular Plural
A Student Two Students
A Child Two Children

a. Plural

• Regular

Nama benda dengan bentuk jamak berakhiran -s/es dari bentuk

tunggalnya. Rules:

i. Berakhiran consonant dan vocal -e/-ee umumnya ditambah -s/es

Singular Plural
A book Two books
A Tree Two trees
A Table Two Tables

ii. Berakhiran -ss, sh, ch, x umumnya ditambah -es

Singular Plural
A class Two books
A dish Two trees
A branch Two Tables
A box Two Boxes

iii. Berakhiran -y didahului oleh consonant, maka -y diganti -i ditambah -es

 Singular Plural
A City Two cities
A army Two armies

iv. Berakhiran -y didahului vocal, langsung tambahan -s

Singular Plural
A boy Two boys
A key Two keys

v. Noun berakhiran -f/-fe, umumnya menjadi -ves pada bentu pliralnya

Singular Plural

A wife Two wives

A knife Two knives
Notes: Beberapa kata benda berkahiran -f/fe bisa keduanya (-s/-es)
Singular Plural
A hoof Two hoofs/hooves

vi. Berakhiran -o umumnya ditambah dengan -es

Singular Plural
A hero Two heroes
A buffalo Two buffaloes

Notes: Beberapa kata benda berkahiran -o hanya ditambah -s

Singular Plural
A studio Two studios
A photo Two photos

Notes: Beberapa kata benda berkahiran -o bisa ditambah keduanya -s/-

es Singular Plural
A mosquito Two Mosquitos/mosquitoes
A volcano Two volcanos/ volcanoes

• Irregular

a) Noun yang bentuk singularnya berbeda dengan bentuk jamaknya.

Singular Plural
A child Two children
A man/woman Two men/women
b) Noun yang bentuk singular dan plural nya sama
Singular Plural
A sheep Two sheep
A fish Two fish

[2].Uncountable noun
Noun yang tidak dapat dihitung. Dalam oxford dictionary ditandai dengan code N [U].
Karena tidak dapat dihitung, Uncountable noun dianggap sebagai benda singular, kecuali
ketika menunjukkan jenis nya maka bisa menjadi countable noun.
Singular Much Plural countable
Water Much water Two cups of water
Sugar Much sugar Two liters of sugar

B. Verb
Bare V1/Present V2/Past Ving/Present V3/Past
Infinitive Participle participle
Singular Plural Regular Irregular
(V1+s/es)

Act Acts Act Acted - Acting Acted

Be Am/is Are Was/Were Being Been

Cry Cries Cry Cried - Crying Cried

Drink Drinks Drink - Drank Drinking Drunk

Have Has Have - Had Having Had

C. Adjective

[1].Descriptive Adjective
 i. Quality/opinion: kind. Honest, good, bad, beautiful, nice, etc.
ii. Size: Big, small, little, long, short, hight, etc.
iii. Age: old, new, young, ancient, etc.
iv. Shape: triangle, square, round, etc.
v. Colour: red, white, black, etc.
vi. Nationality: Indonesian, American
Adjective Order:
1 Qualtiy/opinion: Kategori opinion
Example: amazing awful dilligent
menyatakan pendapat tentang suatu kata
delicious easy good important nice
benda.
tidyunusual weird
2 Size: Kategori size menyatakan seberapa
Example: big enormous large little long
besar atau kecil suatu kata benda.
short small
3 Physical quality: Kategori physical
quality mengungkapkan ciri fisik dari suatu
Example: thin rough soft untidy
kata benda.
4 Shape: Kategori shape menyatakan
Example: annular even flat hexagonal
bentuk suatu kata benda.
narrow rectangular round square
5 Age: Kategori age menyatakan seberapa
Example: ancient antique elderly new old
tua atau muda suatu kata benda.
young youthful
6 Colour: Kategori color meliputi warna
Example: black black-haired blue
suatu kata benda benda.
brownish green pale purple reddish white
Example: American Canadian Dutch
7 Origin/Nationality: Kategori origin
eastern French Greek Indonesian Japanese
berupa kebangsaan.
Scottish
Example: cotton glass gold marble metal
8 Material: Kategori material menyatakan
metallic plastic silk silver wood wooden
suatu benda terbuat dari apa.
woolen
Example: four-sided, heavy-duty, general
9 Type Kategori type menyatakan macam
purpose, last-minute, part-time time
suatu kata benda.
saving
10 Purpose: Kategori purpose menjelaskan
suatu kata benda digunakan untuk apa.
Example: dining meeting running sleeping
Biasanya menggunakan adjective berupa
sewing sports swimming touring travelling
present participle dan sering pula noun
yang digunakan sebagai adjective.

Underline the adjectives base on the types

She has beautiful big eyes. (Dia mempunyai mata besar yang
cantik.) opinion – size

The large square dining table (Meja makan persegi berukuran besar tersebut
was decorated with white dihias dengan lilin-lilin putih dan vas-vas
candles and beautiful vases of cantik bunga mawar putih.) size – shape –
white roses. purpose

What are the best part-time jobs (Apa pekerjaan-pekerjaan paruh waktu
for retiree? terbaik untuk pensiunan?) opinion – type

My uncle had his old (Kursi-kursi kayu tua paman saya

wooden chairs repaired diperbaiki kemarin.) age – material
yesterday.

These delicious Italian dishes (Makanan-makanan lezat dari Italia ini

don’t use tomatoes in any form. tidak menggunakan tomat dalam bentuk
apa pun.) opinion – origin

They sell large rough diamonds. (Mereka menjual berlian berukuran besar
yang belum diasah.) size – physical quality

She takes a small round white (Dia makan sebuah pil kecil putih bundar
pill with breakfast every day. dengan sarapan setiap hari.) size – shape –
color

I need two soft cotton blankets. (Saya membutuhkan dua selimut katun lembut.)
physical quality – material
 D. Adverb
[1].Adverb of place and preposional pharse

a. In Preposition of Place

Pada preposition of place, kamu bisa gunakan “in” sebagai kata depan saat berbicara
tentang:

Cities (kota), contohnya in Bandung.

Countries (negara), seperti in Indonesia.
Position in a larger area/container (sesuatu yang berada di dalam ruang dengan area
luas), misalnya in the fridge, in the backpack, etc.

b. On Preposition of Place

Selanjutnya, kamu bisa gunakan “on” ketika hendak mengekspresikan sebuah kalimat
dengan keterangan sebagai berikut:

• Surfaces (permukaan), contohnya on the table.

• Large transportation (kendaraan besar), misalnya on the bus.
• Specific location (lokasi spesifik) seperti on top of the table.
• Locationin relation to a larger geographic area (lokasi yang terkait dengan area
geografi lebih luas), contohnya on Main Street.

c. At Preposition of Place

Lalu, begini macam-macam fungsi “at” dalam preposition of place:

• Addresses (alamat), contoh at 20 Sudirman Street.

• Events (acara), misal at the party.
• Location where the event takes places (lokasi berlangsungnya sebuah acara),
contohnya at the stadium.
• Specific point (titik spesifik), misal at the entrance.

• Location in relation to something else (lokasi yang ada kaitannya dengan hal lain),
seperti at the top of the stairs.

[2]. Adverb of frequency

100% Always

90% Usually

80% Normally/Generally

70% Often/Frequently
 50% Sometimes

30% Occasionally

10% Seldom

5% Hardly ever/Rarely

0% Never

a. Simple Present ([Link]

[1].Definition

Pengertian Simple Present Tense

Apa itu simple present tense? Simple present tense adalah tenses yang digunakan untuk
menjelaskan kejadian yang teratur, rutin, atau kebiasaan yang terus terjadi sehari-hari.
Simple present tense juga bisa digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu hal yang sedang
terjadi saat ini.

[2].Function

d. Fungsi Simple Present Tense

Simple Present Tense adalah tenses yang berfungsi untuk menyatakan general truth,
habits, instruction, dan fixed schedules. Kita bahas satu per satu, yuk!

a) General Truth

General truth maksudnya adalah kebenaran umum atau kebenaran yang mutlak.
Artinya, hal-hal yang kebenarannya sudah pasti dan sudah diketahui secara umum.
Contoh:

• Water freezes at zero degrees. (Air membeku pada suhu 0 derajat.)

Hal ini sudah pasti benar dan terbukti, karena nggak ada tuh air yang malah menguap
pada suhu 0 derajat. Hehe.

• Cats are mammals. (Kucing merupakan mamalia.)

Ini juga sudah pasti benar ya, dan juga sudah diketahui secara umum.

b) Habits
Selanjutnya yaitu habits atau kebiasaan. Kebiasaan berarti sesuatu yang dilakukan secara
terus-menerus secara konsisten. Contoh:

• My father goes to work every weekdays. (Ayahku pergi bekerja setiap hari kerja.) • I
study with my friends every Sunday at the academy. (Aku belajar bersama teman
temanku setiap hari Minggu di tempat les.)

Dua contoh ini merupakan kebiasaan yang selalu dilakukan secara rutin. Hmm, kok
kesannya agak mirip ya sama fixed schedules? Berangkat kerja dan berangkat les kan
terjadwal, tapi kenapa masuknya ke habits? Eits, baca terus dong makanya biar tahu :p
Penjelasannya akan kita bahas di poin tentang fixed schedules, yaw!

c) Instruction

Lanjuut, ada instruction yang berarti perintah atau instruksi. Contohnya seperti papan-
papan perintah yang sering kita temui di jalan. Selain itu, ada juga instruksi yang bisa
kita temukan pada kemasan produk. Kaya gini, nih:

• Do not enter this area! (Dilarang masuk ke area ini!)

• Cook the noodle for 3 minutes. (Masak mie selama 3 menit.)

Hahay, yang suka makan mie instan pasti udah nggak asing ya sama contoh yang kedua?
Ish, jangan sering-sering masak mie instan lho ya!

Btw, selain kalimat instruksi di jalan atau di kemasan produk, tenses ini juga digunakan
dalam kalimat perintah secara umum ya, guys. Misalnya:

• Close the door, please! (Tolong, tutup pintunya!)

d) Fixed Schedules

Nah, yang terakhir dan yang ditunggu-tunggu, ada fixed schedules alias sesuatu yang
sudah terjadwal atau sudah pasti terjadi. Bedanya apa sih, sama habits tadi? Kalau
habits adalah kebiasaan atau sesuatu yang dilakukan berulang secara rutin, bisa
terjadwal, bisa juga nggak. Contohnya kaya berangkat kerja, berangkat sekolah, atau
berangkat les. Kamu sudah pasti berangkat sekolah sesuai jadwal kan? Tapi kenapa dia
masuknya ke habits bukannya ke fixed schedules?

Karena kejadian itu berulang-ulang. Oke, kita tekankan sekali lagi: berulang-ulang.

Nah, kalau fixed schedules ini adalah sesuatu yang terjadwal, tapi tidak berulang,
guys. Contohnya begini:

• Theshow starts at 7 pm. (Pertunjukan itu dimulai pada jam 7 malam.) • The Script
marks their upcoming concerts in Indonesia on September 30th and October 1st.
(The Script menandai konser mendatang mereka di Indonesia pada 30 September dan
1 Oktober.)
 [3].Pola Kalimat

e. Nominal

a) Pola (Rumus) Simple Present Tense untuk Kalimat Nomina

Kalimat nomina adalah kalimat yang menyatakan kebendaan, bisa berupa nama orang,
profesi, tempat, dan segala hal yang dibendakan, jadi predikatnya berupa to be (is, am,
are). Kenapa to be nya is, am, are? Karena Simple Present Tense merupakan bentuk
present alias masa sekarang atau saat ini, sehingga to be yang tepat adalah to be bentuk
present, yaitu is, am, are.

• Positive Form

Positive form maksudnya adalah kalimat yang berbentuk atau bernilai positif. Polanya
untuk kalimat nomina adalah Subject + to be + Complement. To be terdiri atas is, am,
are, pemakaiannya tergantung subjek. Sedangkan Complement terdiri atas noun, adverb,
dan adjective, pemakaiannya tergantung kalimatnya. Contoh:

• He is a teacher. (Dia adalah seorang guru.)

•I am smart. (Aku pintar.)
• We are a group of students. (Kita merupakan satu grup pelajar.)

Pada positive form, kalimatnya bernilai positif dan tidak menyatakan negasi atau
penyangkalan. Contohnya I am smart, bukan I am not smart. Gue tuh pinter, bukan gue
nggak pinter. Wow, pede banget, tapi gapapa, pede is a must.

• Negative Form

Nah, kalau yang menyatakan negasi atau penyangkalan namanya negative form. Jadi,
kalimat negative form ini adalah kalimat yang bernilai negatif. Polanya untuk kalimat
nomina adalah Subject + to be + not + Complement. Yup, tinggal tambahin ‘not’ aja dari
bentuk yang positif tadi. Contoh:

• Mom is not a chef. (Ibu bukan seorang chef.)

•I am not lazy. (Aku tidak malas.)
• They are not here yet. (Mereka belum ada di sini.)

Sudah paham ya, sampai sini?

 • Interrogative Form

Interrogative form maksudnya adalah kalimat yang berbentuk kalimat tanya, jadi jangan
lupa pakai tanda tanya, yaa. Polanya untuk kalimat nomina adalah To be + Subject +
Complement + ? Contoh:

• Is the food delicious? (Apakah makanannya enak?)

• Am I right? (Apakah aku benar?)
• Are you a doctor? (Apakah kamu seorang dokter?)

Pada interrogative form, to be diletakkan di awal kalimat sebelum subject. Diingat-ingat,

ya!

• Interrogative Form with WH- Question

Terakhir, ada interrogative form with WH- question. Apa nih, maksudnya? Apa bedanya
sama interrogative form yang tadi? Bedanya adalah interrogative form yang ini
menggunakan WH- question alias kata tanya yang mengandung huruf WH-, yaitu what,
when, where, who, whom, which, whose, why, dan how.

Untuk bentuk ini, polanya pada kalimat nomina adalah WH- question + to be + Subject
+ ? Berbeda dengan bentuk interogatif yang tadi, bentuk interogatif yang ini diawali
dengan WH question terlebih dahulu, baru diikuti dengan to be, lalu subject. Contoh:

• Who is that boy? (Siapa laki-laki itu?)

• Where am I? (Di mana aku?)
• Why are you late? (Kenapa kamu terlambat?)

f. Verbal

a) Pola (Rumus) Simple Present Tense untuk Kalimat Verba

Kalimat verba adalah kalimat yang menyatakan tindakan atau perlakuan, jadi
predikatnya berupa verb (kata kerja). Verb yang digunakan hukumnya wajib Verb 1.
Sekali lagi, wajib Verb 1. Kenapa? Karena Simple Present Tense merupakan bentuk
present alias masa sekarang atau saat ini, sehingga verb yang tepat adalah Verb 1.
 • Positive Form

Untuk positive form kalimat verba, polanya adalah Subject + Verb 1 / Verb 1 +s/es +
Complement. Nah, verb-nya ini bisa pakai yang biasa (tanpa akhiran s/es) atau yang
berakhiran s/es, tergantung subjeknya. Masih ingat ya, tabel subject yang kita bahas tadi?
Kalau subjeknya I, you, they, we, dan plural subject pakainya verb yang tanpa akhiran
s/es. Kalau subjeknya He, She, It, dan singular subject, pakainya verb yang berakhiran
s/es. Contoh:

•I write a letter. (Aku menulis sebuah surat.)

• He goes to school. (Dia pergi ke sekolah.)

Beda kan, sama contoh yang kalimat nomina tadi? Kalau kalimat verba, ada kata kerja
yang menandakan subjek sedang melakukan suatu tindakan atau perlakuan.
Sedangkan pada kalimat nomina, menggunakan to be yang berguna menyatakan subjek
sebagai sesuatu yang dibendakan.

• Negative Form

Next, kita ke bentuk negatif. Untuk negative form kalimat verba, polanya adalah Subject
+ do/does + not + Verb 1 + Complement. Masih ingat ya, kalau negative form, kita
sisipkan ‘not’ untuk menyatakan negasi atau penyangkalan. Contoh:

• They do not know where to go. (Mereka tidak tahu harus pergi ke mana.)
• She does not bring an umbrella. (Dia tidak membawa payung.)

Do not dan does not boleh kamu singkat menjadi don’t dan doesn’t. Biar apa? Ya biar
singkat…….

• Interrogative Form

Untuk interrogative form kalimat verba, polanya adalah Do/does + Subject + Verb 1 +
Complement + ? Jangan lupa, pakai tanda tanya! Contoh:

• Does he bring the book? (Apakah dia membawa buku itu?)

• Do you like it? (Apakah kamu menyukainya?)

Sama kaya yang kalimat nomina tadi, interrogative form di kalimat verba ini, to be-nya
juga diletakkan di awal kalimat, yaww. Jadi, to be di sini tuh, berperan sebagai kata
tanyanya, guys.
 • Interrogative Form with WH- Question

Terakhir banget, ada interrogative form with WH- question kalimat verba. Polanya adalah
WH- question + do/does + Subject + Verb 1 + Complement + ? Sama juga dengan
kalimat nomina, di bentuk yang ini, WH- question-nya diletakkan di awal kalimat
sebelum to be. Contoh:

• When does he go to school? (Kapan dia pergi ke sekolah?)

• Whydo you love badminton so much? (Kenapa kamu cinta sekali dengan
badminton?)

Satu hal yang perlu kamu perhatiin, ketika kamu pakai ‘does’ di kalimat verbamu, maka
verb-nya nggak perlu pakai akhiran s/es lagi ya, karena s/es nya sudah
direpresentasikan melalui si ‘does’ itu tadi.

[4].Time signal
g. Every + Time
Every Sunday
Everyday
Every night
Every year
h. Adverb of Frequency
Always
Often
Seldom
Usually
Rarely
Once a week
Three times a week
i. On ....
On Sundays
On Mondays
Etc

Chapter 1 My Precious Place

Picture of kabaa
...

Learning Outcomes

After learning the materials in this chapter you are expected

to be able to:
1. identify context, main ideas and detailed information from an oral and verbal
descriptive text presented in multimodal form about precious place.
2. communicate simple ideas and opinions in various discussions, collaborative activities,
and presentations orally to describe precious place.
3. write a descriptive text about precious place with an appropriate structure of
organization and linguistic features and present it.

Do You Know?

Descriptive text is a text that explains and describes a person, place, or thing. It uses
adjectives and adverbs. It aims to describe a person, place or thing. It consists of the
identiication of a person, place or thing and their description.

Islamic Value

‫َ ۟ ر ُ كل‬ ‫رٍۢم‬ ُ
َ ‫ٰهـَذا۟وًۭاۙاًۭاۙا َقاًۭاْلۙا زق َِّ َرة َهاِّ من ثِّْمنَماُ ِّ زقواَُّ ِّ ذى‬
ُ ۟ ‫وا‬
۟‫ملمُنوا‬َ ‫َوَ ِّع‬
َ‫َ ه أ ٱ ٰ ـ ُ ر‬
َّ
‫ل‬
ْ
َْ‫ْنل‬
‫ه‬ ‫ج‬
َ ‫ٍۢت ِّرى ِّ من َت ْ ح ُِّت ْمَ جََّّنن‬
ٰ‫ل‬ ْ‫ـٍۢت َت‬
 ِّ ‫ر ِّش‬
َ‫ه لَّ ٰصِّـل‬
‫ت‬
َ‫ح ا ٱ ٰ ـ ِّ َ ءا‬
‫ن‬
‫ٱ ِّ ذي َ َ وَب‬
‫ۖل‬ ُ ۟
‫ب ُتوا َنا ِّ من َق ْ ب ُ َ وأ‬
٢٥ ‫َ ي‬ ‫َ ه ز‬
ْ‫َ هٓا أ‬ ‫ًۭۖيًۭۖي َ وُُّهم طَّ َرة ًْۭ َوٰ ج ِّف‬
‫ِّفم‬

ِّ ‫َّ لِّ ه‬
‫ۖا ر‬
ْ‫َ وُ ِّ ز ۦ ق‬

َ‫َ ه ل اَ ٰخِّـلُدوَ ن‬
ُ ‫همِّ ه‬
ْ ُ‫مَت َ ٰش ـب‬
“And gives good tdings to those who believe and do righteous deeds that they will have garden
[in paradise] beneath which rivers flow. Whenever they are provided with a provision of fruit
thereform, they will say, ‘This is what we were provided with before,’ And it is given to them in
likeness. And they will have therein purified spous, and they wil abide therein enternally.” (Q.S.
Al Baqarah verse 25)

Mind Map

...

Profil Pelajar Pancasila

...

Trigger Question

What is your favorite historical place?

How does your favourite historical place look like??

Brainstorming

AL-AQSA VISUAL TOUR

[Link]
 1. Do you know the name of the mosque in the picture above? Where is it
located? 2. What do you know about the place in the picture above?
3. How many hectares the compound of al-aqsa?
4. Which one is Al-Qibli/Al-Aqso mosque? The building with the gold dome or sliver
dome?
5. What is in the south of the dome of the rock?
6. Where is the first qibla? Is it in the dome or in The Al-Qibli mosque? 7. You may
look for meaning of vocabularies you don’t understand on the available device
(laptop/dictionary)

Writing is easy

1. Topic: The general subject matter or area of interest that a text addresses. It is
broader than the main idea and can encompass various aspects.
Topic: (Historical Place)

2. Main Idea: The most important point or central thought that the author wants to
communicate about the specific aspect of the topic being discussed.
Main Idea: (Al-Aqsa is a monumental place)

3. Topic sentence: A sentence that expresses the main idea of a paragraph or section
of a text. It states the point being discussed and often appears at the beginning of
a paragraph.
Detail: (The Al-Aqsa marks characteristics of islamic architecture)

4. Supporting Detail: Specific pieces of information, evidence, examples, or

explanations that support and expand upon the main idea or topic sentence.
Supporting Detail:
- Wall decoration
- Shape of building
 -

Pre-activity (Listening)

[Link]

1. Watch and listen the video

2. Write the words you don’t understand
3. Re-describe and write in your own words consist of 7 sentences
4. Pracice with your partner
5. Your teacher will randomly choose you to perform

1. New Words:

2. Re-describe and write in your own words consist of 7 sentences:

3. Your Partner’s comment of your performance:

Grammatical (How many grammatical errors?):

Pronounciation (How many pronunciation errors?):

Clarity (The speaking is well understood):

Vocabualry (How many sentences/vocabs variety are spoken):

Fluency (How many fillers and brakes are occured):

Let’s Discover!
[Link]
Please watch explanation about descriptive text before discovering these
materials! A. Descriptive Text

1. Definition

Descriptive text is a kind of text which list the characteristics of pesons, places, or things
or describes living and non living things such as plants, building, plane, etc.

2. Purpose

The purpose of descriptive text is to describe an object in detail. The purpose of

descriptive text is to describe an object in detail. These objects can be people, animals,
objects, or [Link]
Descriptive paragraphs focus on describing something objectively to readers. In order to
provide well-recognised thing, the writer must use language that appeals to the reader’s
five senses include sight, smell, sound, taste, and touch.

3. Generic Structures

a. Identification contains introduction of the object that will be described or explained

in the text.
Usually answering the “what and where” question in general. For Example: What
is Borobudur Temple?
b. Description contains a more specific explanation of the object being described. In
this section, you can explain the appearance and personality of the object.
Descriptive text consists of several paragraphs which contain the characteristics
of the object being written about.
Usually answering others WH questions for detail such as “where, how, why,
when”. For example: How does borobudur look like?
c. Conclusion, This is optional, the closing contains a conclusion from the contents of
the written text.

Identification (Picture of Borobudur Temple)

Borobudur is one famous temple in the world. It is a Hindu-Buddhist
temple. Indonesian Buddhists usually visit Borobudur when Vesak
(Waisak) celebration is held. It was built in the ninth century under
the Sailendra dynasty of the ancient Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is
located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.

Description Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its construction is

influenced by the Gupta architecture of India. The temple is
constructed on a hill 46 m high and consists of eight steps like a
stone terrace. The first five terraces are square and surrounded by
walls adorned with Buddhist sculptures in bas-relief.

The upper three are circular. Every terrace has a circle of bell shape
stupa. The entire edifice is crowned by a large stupa at the center of
 the top circle. The way to the summit extends through some 4.8 km
of passage and stairways. The design of Borobudur, which
symbolizes the structure of the universe, influences temples at
Angkor, Cambodia.

Conclusion Borobudur temple which was rededicated as an Indonesian

monument in 1983 is a valuable treasure for the Indonesian people.

4. Language Features

a. Specific Object

In the descriptive text, we will see the object is unique, the only one in the world.
Example: “Borobudur Temple.” “Planet Jupiter”, “My Cat”, dan sebagainya.

b. Adjective

Descriptive text cannot be separated from adjectives. When describing an object, we

definitely use adjectives. for example: Borobudur is one of famous temples in the world. It
is a Hindu-Buddhist temple. an Indonesian monument in 1983 is a valuable treasure for
the Indonesian people.

c. Simple Present Tense

The tense used in descriptive text in English uses the simple present tense. This is because
something that is being described is based on the current situation.
Nominal sentence:
Subject + to be(Am/is/are) + Complement (Adjective/Noun/Adverb[ANA])
+: It is a Hindu-Buddhist temple.
-: It is not a Hindu-Buddhist temple
Verbal Sentence:
Subject + V1+(s/es) + O
+: Indonesian Buddhists usually visit Borobudur when Vesak (Waisak) celebration
is held.
-: Indonesian Buddhists usually do not visit Borobudur when Vesak (Waisak)
celebration is held.

d. Action Verbs

There are also action verbs used in descriptive text in English. Action verbs are verbs that
show an activity. Some of the verbs are as follows: "see", "watch", "visit" and so on.
Examples in sentences: “Indonesian Buddhists usually visit Borobudur when Vesak
(Waisak) celebration is held.”
e. Verbs usually use in Descriptive text
Verb:
- Have (Pural) - Has (Singular)
Meaning: memiliki/mempunyai
For Example: Every terrace has a circle of bell shape-stupa (Setiap teras memiliki stupa
bentuk bell)
Verb: Consist of (Terdiri dari)
For Example: It consists of eight steps like a stone terrace (Boroubudur temple Terdiri
dari 8 tangga seperti teras batu)

f. Passive voice
• Simple Present “Active”:
+: Subject + V1+(s/es) + O
+: Indonesian Buddhists visit Borobudur temple
(Umat Buda Indonesia mengunjungi Candi Borobudur)
• Simple Present “Passive”:
+: O + to be (am/is/are) + V3 + (by) + S
+: Borobudur temple is visited by Indonesian Budhists
(Candi Borobudur dikunjungi oleh umat Buda Indonesia)

• Simple Past “Active”:

+: Subject + V2 + O
+: Under the Sailendra dynasty of the ancient Mataram kingdom built Borobudur temple
in the ninth century. (Di bawah dinasti Sailendra kerajaan Mataram kuno membangun
candi Borobudur pada dekade ke-9)
• Simple Present “Passive”:
+: O + to be (was/were) + V3 + (by) + S
+: Borobudur temple was built in the ninth century under the Sailendra dynasty of the
ancient Mataram kingdom
(Candi Borobudur dibangun pada dekade ke-9 di bawah dinasti Sailendra kerajaan
Mataram kuno)
 Let’s Analyse! (Reading)
1. Read the descriptive text about Istiqlal mosque below!
2. Analyse:
- Mark the generic structures
- Language Fetures (start from Spesific object to passive voice)
- Write the words that you do not understand

Language features analysis

1. Spesific Object: -
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2. Adjectives: -
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3. Simple Present: -
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4. Action Verb: -
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5. Verbs usually use -
in Desecriptive text: -

6. Passive Voice: -
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Guessing

a. Picture of Nabawi Mosque

b. Picture of Assyifa Sagalaherang
c. Picture of Al-Aqsa
d. Picture of Monas
e. Picture of Istiqlal

Rules :

1. Work in a group Consist of 5 students

2. One student will guess the place and the others must give clues
3. Don’t say the name of the place or synonim in other languages
4. The guesser is only allowed to answer after all the clues have been
given. 5. Cheating will make your team disqualified

How to describe your home

Watch this video! [Link]

1. How to Introducing where you live?

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2. How to describe he inside of your home?
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3. How to say what you like or dislike about your home?
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4. How to say who you live with?
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5. How to Talk about your neighbourhood?
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Virtual tour project using sketchfeb and canva

1. Find a historical place in scope of local or international

2. Search the 3D model on sketchfeb

3. Make a descriptive text based on the place descriptioms

4. To apply he 3D model, please use canva as to make your presentation.