Conditional Sentence
Conditional sentence (kalimat pengandaian) adalah kalimat yang menyatakan
suatu harapan atau angan-angan dalam bentuk kalimat bersyarat, seperti
dikutip dari Buku Pintar Pelajaran 6 in 1 SMA/MA oleh Tim Guru Indonesia
(2010).
Umumnya, kalimat pengandaian terdiri atas dua bagian, yaitu main clause
(induk kalimat) dan subordinate clause (anak kalimat) yang berupa if clause
(klausa if).
Di dalam if clause terdapat syarat-syarat yang harus dipenuhi agar keadaan
yang terkandung dalam main clause dapat terwujud. Karena itu, conditional
sentence dikenal juga sebagai kalimat bersyarat.
Jenis dan Rumus Conditional Sentence
Dalam bahasa Inggris, kalimat pengandaian atau conditional sentence ini
terbagi atas empat jenis, yaitu tipe 0, tipe 1, tipe 2, dan tipe 3. Simak
penjelasannya.
1. Conditional sentence type 0
Conditional sentence type 0 atau zero conditional adalah kalimat pengandaian
yang paling sederhana. Pengandaian ini digunakan untuk membicarakan hal-
hal yang merupakan kebenaran mutlak atau absolut.
Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kamu bisa menggunakan pola kalimat pengandaian
ini untuk hal-hal yang pasti terjadi. Biasanya menggunakan konjungsi 'jika-
maka', misalnya: Jika hujan, maka tanah basah.
Perhatikan rumus dan contoh kalimatnya:
If clause Main clause
Rumus type 0: If + simple present (V1) simple present (V1)
Contoh: If you heat the water, it boils
2. Conditional sentence type 1
Conditional sentence type 1 digunakan untuk menyatakan kemungkinan atau
hal-hal yang mungkin terjadi di masa sekarang maupun di masa depan (future
possibilities).
Kalimat pengandaian tipe ini digunakan apabila kamu yakin pengandaian
tersebut masih mungkin terjadi di waktu yang akan datang asalkan syaratnya
terpenuhi.
Perhatikan rumus dan contoh kalimatnya:
If clause Main clause
Rumus type 1: If + simple present (V1) present future (will/shall + V1)
Contoh: If you study hard, you will pass the test
Selain format kalimat 'If you study hard, you will pass the test', kamu juga bisa
mendahulukan if clause (klausa if) tanpa mengubah maknanya.
Contoh kalimat inversi: You will pass the test if you study hard.
3. Conditional sentence type 2
Conditional sentence type 2 digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang
bertentangan dengan apa yang ada atau terjadi sekarang (contrary fact).
Kalimat pengandaian tipe ini digunakan untuk mengandaikan sesuatu yang
tidak mungkin terjadi pada waktu sekarang atau lamunan saja.
Perhatikan rumus dan contoh kalimatnya:
If clause Main clause
Rumus type 2: If + past simple (V2) past future (would/could/might + V1)
Contoh: If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house
If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house. Faktanya: I do not have a
million dollar.
Contoh kalimat inversi: I would buy a big house if I had a million dollars.
4. Conditional sentence type 3
Conditional sentence type 3 digunakan untuk mengandaikan sesuatu yang
bertentangan di masa lampau dan tidak ada harapan akan terlaksana karena
merupakan lamunan masa lalu (impossible condition).
Perhatikan rumus dan contoh kalimatnya:
If clause Main clause
Rumus type 3: If + past perfect (V3) would/should/could/might have + past
perfect future (V3)
Contoh: If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. Faktanya: I failed the
exam, because I didn't study hard.
Dalam kalimat pengandaian tipe ketiga ini, penggunaan kata if dapat
dihilangkan dengan menggunakan pola kalimat inversi, dengan rumus:
Had + subject + past participle + subject + would + have + past participle
Contoh kalimat inversi: Had I studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence
Berikut disajikan contoh penggunaan conditional sentence dalam kalimat
berita (declarative sentence) dan dialog (conversation).
1) Contoh conditional sentence dalam kalimat
Perhatikan contoh penggunaan conditional sentence type 0, 1, 2, 3 berikut.
Contoh conditional sentence type 0:
If you heat ice, it melts.
If you press the button, the computer turns on.
If we make noise, the baby wakes up.
If you sweat to much, you dehydrate.
If you sick, stay home and rest.
If you want to go together, pick me up before 10 am.
Contoh conditional sentence type 1:
If you invite me, I will come to your house.
If they are hungry, they will eat much food.
If Roger is rich, he will buy a luxury car
If it rains, you will get wet.
If she graduates her collage, she will be happy.
If the prices are low, people will buy more.
If you book with us again, we will provide you with a 5% discount.
Contoh conditional sentence type 2:
If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house.
If I were slimmer, I would buy this dress.
If this were my hotel, I would be ashamed.
If I were you, I would give up smoking.
If I won the lottery, I would travel the world.
Contoh conditional sentence type 3:
If I had studied harder, I'd be in medical school now.
If we had known about the bed bug infestation, we never would have given
you that room.
If the hotel had not been so awful, I would have enjoyed myself.
If I had known her number, I would have called her.
If she had had more time, she could have finished the exam.
If it had been sunny yesterday, we would have gone for a picnic.
If you had informed me, I would have arrived earlier.
Lihat Juga :
Pengertian Konjungsi, Macam-Macam, dan Contohnya dalam Kalimat
2) Contoh conditional sentence dalam dialog atau percakapan
Perhatikan contoh kalimat conditional sentence yang digunakan dalam dialog
berikut:
Contoh dialog 1)
Romeo : Hello, Juliet!
Juliet : Hello, Romeo!
Romeo : I'm thinking about going to the beach tomorrow, but I'm not sure
if it will be sunny.
Juliet : Well, if it's sunny we could have swimming and sunbathing.
Romeo : That's true, but if it's raining, we'll have to come up with an
alternative plan.
Juliet : If it rains, we could go to the movies instead.
Penjelasan: Conditional sentence digunakan untuk mengandaikan kondisi
yang berbeda, yaitu 'jika cuaca cerah maka kita bisa berenang dan berjemur
di pantai', dan mempertimbangkan rencana alternatif 'jika hujan bisa pergi ke
bioskop'.
Contoh dialog 2)
Bobby : Dad, I'm thinking about buying a new car, but I'm not sure if I can
afford it in the near time.
Daddy : If you save up enough money, you could definitely get the car
you want.
Bobby : That's true.
Dad : If you can't afford a new car, you could consider buying a
motorcycle.
Penjelasan: Conditional sentence digunakan untuk membahas kemungkinan
berdasarkan kemampuan membeli kendaraan. Sang ayah memberikan
kemungkinan pada anaknya untuk mendapatkan mobil baru apabila memiliki
cukup uang tabungan.
Jika tidak mampu membelinya, maka ayah memberikan alternatif untuk
memilih sepeda motor saja.
Demikian penjelasan tentang pengertian, jenis, rumus, serta contoh kalimat
conditional sentence bahasa Inggris. Selamat belajar!