Ungkapan Algebra

BAB 5 Algebraic Expressions

5.1 Pemboleh Ubah dan Ungkapan Algebra Buku Teks: m.s. 106 – 108

A. Wakilkan setiap pemboleh ubah berikut dengan huruf yang sesuai. Seterusnya, tentukan sama ada pemboleh
ubah itu mempunyai nilai yang tetap atau nilai yang berubah. Berikan justifikasi anda.
Represent each of the following variables with a suitable letter. Hence, determine whether the variable has a fixed
value or a varied value. Give your justification. SP5.1.1 TP1

Pemboleh ubah/Variable
Situasi Nilai yang tetap/
Situation Huruf Justifikasi
Letter
Nilai yang berubah Justification
Fixed value/Varied value

1. Bilangan peket beras yang Bilangan peket beras yang

dijual di sebuah kedai runcit dijual berubah setiap bulan.

Es
Nilai yang berubah
setiap bulan. r The number of packets of rice
Varied value
The number of packets of rice sold sold changes every month.
at a grocery shop every month.

2. Bilangan murid yang menyertai Bilangan murid yang

suatu kuiz Matematik. menyertai kuiz itu tidak

To
The number of pupils who Nilai yang tetap berubah.
p
participated in a Mathematics i Fixed value The number of pupils who
quiz. participated in the quiz
does not change.

3. Masa yang diambil oleh Nazri Masa yang diambil untuk

untuk mandi setiap hari. mandi berubah pada setiap

G
Nilai yang berubah
The time taken by Nazri to have m hari.
Varied value
a bath every day. The time taken to have a bath
varies every day.

B. Tulis satu ungkapan algebra untuk setiap situasi yang berikut.

Write an algebraic expression for each of the following situations. SP5.1.2 TP2

1. Tolak 9 daripada hasil darab h dan k. 2. Bahagikan hasil tambah 3 dan m dengan 4.
Subtract 9 from the product of h and k. Divide the sum of 3 and m by 4.
3+m
hk – 9
4

3. Farid mempunyai RM200 di bank. Jika dia 4. Umur Susan sekarang ialah n tahun dan umur
menyimpan RMx setiap hari, hitung jumlah Vivian adalah dua kali umur Susan. Berapakah
simpanan Farid selepas y minggu. umur Vivian 5 tahun yang lalu?
Farid has RM200 in the bank. If he saves RMx each Susan is n years old now and Vivian is twice the age
day, calculate his total savings after y weeks. of Susan. How old is Vivian 5 years ago?

200 + 7xy 2n – 5

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 5.1 Pemboleh Ubah dan Ungkapan Algebra Buku Teks: m.s. 108 – 109

A. Cari nilai setiap ungkapan yang berikut berdasarkan nilai pemboleh ubah yang diberi dalam kurungan.
Find the value of each of the following expressions based on the values of variables given in the brackets. SP5.1.3 TP3

CONTOH
1. –2x + 5y – 7 2. 4m – 3 + 6n
(x = 3, y = –1)
3r – ps – 8
(p = 2, r = 5, s = –3) !m = –2, n = 13 "
–2x + 5y – 7
3r – ps – 8 4m – 3 + 6n
= –2(3) + 5(–1) – 7 1
= 3(5) – (2)(–3) – 8
= –6 – 5 – 7
= 4(–2) – 3 + 6
3 ! "
= 15 + 6 – 8 = –8 – 3 + 2
= –18
= 13 = –9

15
3. 5(2h – k) 4. b2 – 2ab + c 5. 8rt + –3
s
(h = 4, k = –1) (a = 3, b = –2, c = 5) 1
!r = 2, s = –5, t =
4 "
2
5(2h – k) b – 2ab + c 15
8rt + –3
= 5[2(4) – (–1)] = (–2)2 – 2(3)(–2) + 5

2
s

7
1
= 5(8 + 1) = 4 + 12 + 5 = 8(2) ! " + 15 – 3
= 5(9) = 21 4 (–5)
= 45 =4–3–3
= –2

B. Selesaikan setiap yang berikut.

Solve each of the following. SP5.1.3 TP3

1. Sekeping kadbod segi empat tepat berukuran 2. Tambang bas dari Kuala Lumpur ke Ipoh untuk
5h cm panjang dan 3k cm lebar. Satu segi empat seorang kanak-kanak ialah RM2p. Tambang bas
sama yang bersisi y cm dipotong dan dikeluarkan untuk seorang dewasa adalah RMt lebih mahal
daripada kadbod itu. daripada tambang bas seorang kanak-kanak.
A rectangular cardboard measures 5h cm long and The bus fare from Kuala Lumpur to Ipoh for a child
3k cm wide. A square with sides y cm is cut and is RM2p. The bus fare for an adult is RMt more
removed from the cardboard. expensive than the bus fare for a child.
(a) Tulis satu ungkapan bagi luas kadbod yang (a) Tulis satu ungkapan bagi jumlah tambang bas
tinggal. untuk tiga orang kanak-kanak dan dua orang
Write an expression for the remaining cardboard. dewasa.
Write an expression for the total bus fare for three
(5h × 3k) – (y × y) = 15hk – y2 children and two adults.

3(2p) + 2(2p + t) = 6p + 4p + 2t
= 10p + 2t
(b) Jika h = 3, k = 2 dan y = 5, hitung luas, dalam
cm2, kadbod yang tinggal. (b) Jika p = 9 dan t = 7, hitung jumlah tambang
If h = 3, k = 2 and y = 5, calculate the area, bas, dalam RM, bagi tiga orang kanak-kanak
in cm2, of the remaining cardboard. dan dua orang dewasa.
If p = 9 and t = 7, calculate the total bus fare for
2 2 three children and two adults.
15hk – y = 15(3)(2) – (5)
= 90 – 25
= 65 cm2 10p + 2t = 10(9) + 2(7)
so
= 90 + 14
= RM104

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 5.1 Pemboleh Ubah dan Ungkapan Algebra Buku Teks: m.s. 110 – 112

A. Tentukan sebutan dan bilangan sebutan dalam setiap ungkapan algebra yang berikut.
Determine the terms and the number of terms in each of the following algebraic expressions. SP5.1.4 TP1
Aktiviti
Interaktif
CONTOH
1. 13pr – 7s 2. – 6d + ef 2 – e
y 3
2x2z – +9
5 13pr, 7s 2 e
– 6d, ef ,
y 3
2x2z, , 9
5
3 2 3

3. 1 h + 3m2k – 8 + k2 4. – bc – 3c + 0.6b 5. u + 5uw – 4v2 – 1

2 4 8
1 h, 3m2k, 8, k2 – bc, 3c , 0.6b u , 5uw, 4v2, 1
2 4 8

4 a3 24

B. Dalam sebutan –6wx2y, nyatakan pekali bagi setiap yang berikut.

In the term –6wx2y, state the coefficient for each of the following. SP5.1.4 TP2

Sebutan algebra
Algebraic term –wxy 1. x2y 2. –6wx 3. wy 4. 2xy 5. –x
as as as as as

Aktiviti Interaktif
Faktor penghubung
6x –6w
a xy –6x2 –3wx 6wxy
e
Relating factor a or
C. Pilih dan tulis sebutan serupa bagi setiap sebutan algebra yang berikut.
Choose and write the like terms for each of the following algebraic terms. SP5.1.5 TP2

7rs2 , 4 su2 , –2urs2 , 0.3r2s , 0.6rs2u , – 4rs2t , 9rus2 , s2ut , –0.5u2s

5 8

1. 6r 2s 2
2. rs u 3. 8su2
3
0.3r 2s 4 su2, – 0.5u2s
– 2urs2, 0.6rs2, 9rus2 5

D. Tulis dua sebutan serupa bagi setiap sebutan algebra yang berikut.
Write two like terms for each of the following algebraic terms. SP5.1.5 TP2

CONTOH
1. 0.2rs 2. – 5h2k 3. 3 m2np2
2bc2 4
3 – 4rs, 6rs 7h2k, 0.3h2k m2np2, –2m2np2
9bc2, – bc2

41 SP 5.1.4 TP 1 2 3 4 5 6 SP 5.1.5 TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
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 5.2 Ungkapan Algebra yang Melibatkan Operasi Asas
Aritmetik Buku Teks: m.s. 113 – 115

A. Permudahkan setiap yang berikut.

Simplify each of the following. SP5.2.1 TP3

CONTOH
1. (3x + 4y) + (5x – 2y)
(9tu – 2w) – (5w + 3tu – 4) = 3x + 4y + 5x – 2y
= 9tu – 2w – 5w – 3tu + 4 = 8x + 2y
= 9tu – 3tu – 2w – 5w + 4
= 6tu – 7w + 4

2. (–6p – 7rs) – (p + 3rs) 3. (mn + 8hk – 1) – (2mn – 5hk + 9)

= –6p – 7rs – p – 3rs = mn + 8hk – 1 – 2mn + 5hk – 9
= –7p – 10rs = –mn + 13hk – 10
e
4. (5fg – 8) + (6 – 4e) – (–3e – 7fg – 2)
= 5fg – 8 + 6 – 4e + 3e + 7fg + 2 !
5. 3ab –
1
2 " ! 14 yz + 2ab – 7" + 23 yz
yz – 5 –
= 12fg – e 1 yz – 2ab + 7 + 2 yz
= 3ab – 1 yz – 5 –
2 4 3
= ab –
1
12
yz + 2
so
B. Permudahkan setiap yang berikut.
Simplify each of the following. SP5.2.2 TP1

CONTOH
1. (–mk) × (–mk)
(3x – y) × (3x – y) × (3x – y) = (3x – y) 3 = (–mk)2

2. (2h + 9) × (2h + 9) × (2h + 9) × (2h + 9) 3. (4ps – r + 7) × (4ps – r + 7) × (4ps – r + 7)

= (2h + 9)4 = (4ps – r + 7)3

C. Tulis setiap yang berikut dalam bentuk pendaraban berulang.

Write each of the following as repeated multiplication. SP5.2.2 TP1

CONTOH
(4m + n)3 = (4m + n) × (4m + n) × (4m + n)

1. k7 = k × k × k × kco
×k×k×k

2. (2rs)5 = 2rs × 2rs × 2rs ×o 2rs × 2rs

3. (3h – 7)3 = (3h – 7) × (3h os

– 7) × (3h – 7)

4. (e + 9f )4 = (e + 9f ) × (e + 9f ) × (e + 9f ) × (e + 9f )
ors
5. (5x – 2y + 4)2 = (5x – 2y + 4) × (5x – 2y + 4)
are
42 SP 5.2.1 TP 1 2 3 4 5 6 SP 5.2.2 TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
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 5.2 Ungkapan Algebra yang Melibatkan Operasi Asas
Aritmetik Buku Teks: m.s. 116 – 117

A. Cari hasil darab bagi setiap yang berikut.

Find the product for each of the following. SP5.2.3 TP2

CONTOH
1. –4ps2 × (–3pr2s)
–2ab × 5a b
2 3 = –4 × p × s × s × (–3) × p × r × r × s
= –2 × a × b × b × 5 × a × a × a × b = –4 × (–3) × p × p × r × r × s × s × s
= –2 × 5 × a × a × a × a × b × b × b
= –10a4b3 E
= 12p2r2s3

2. –g2h × 8f 2gh3 5 2
3. –6x3y × x z × 2y
= –1 × g × g × h × 8 × f × f × g × h × h × h 3
= –1 × 8 × f × f × g × g × g × h × h × h × h 5
= –6 × x × x × x × y × × x × x × z × 2 × y
= –8f 2g3h4 3
5
= –6 × × 2 × x × x × x × x × x × y × y × z
3
5 2
= –20x y z

B. Cari hasil bahagi bagi setiap yang berikut.

Find the quotient for each of the following. SP5.2.3 TP2

CONTOH
1. 20c3d5 ÷ 4c2d 3
5
–12p rs ÷ 3pr s
2 2 2
20 × c × c × c × d × d × d × d × d
4
–12 × p × p × r × s =
= 14 × c × c × d × d × d
13 × p × r × r × s × s = 5cd 2
4p
=–
rs

2. 18d3ef 2 ÷ (–15d 2f ) 3. –9m4np2 ÷ (–27m2p3)

6 1
18 × d × d × d × e × f × f –9 × m × m × m × m × n × p × p
= =
–15 × d × d × f –27 × m × m × p × p × p

so
5 3
6def m2n
=– =
5 3p

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 5.2 Ungkapan Algebra yang Melibatkan Operasi Asas
Aritmetik Buku Teks: m.s. 116 – 117

Permudahkan setiap yang berikut.

Simplify each of the following. SP5.2.3 TP3

CONTOH
1. 4p2q ÷ (– 20p2qr) × 5qr2
–2t v × 14uv ÷ 7tu v
2 2 2 2 3
1 1
4×p×p×q×5×q×r×r
2 =
–2 × t × t × v × v × 14 × u × v × v –20 × p × p × q × r
= = –qr 5 1
17 × t × u × u × v × v × v
4tv
=–
u

2. –12x2y × 4yz ÷ 6x3yz2 3. –5pr2s ÷ 10pr2s2 × (–8rs3)

2 1 4
–12 × x × x × y × 4 × y × z –5 × p × r × r × s × (–8) × r × s × s × s
= =
16 × x × x × x × y × z × z 10 × p × r × r × s × s
=–
8y
xz
e
= 4rs
e2 21

4. 9a2b × 2a2bc3 ÷ (–15a4c2) 7ef 2

5. –18d2e3 ×
3 –6de4
9×a×a×b×2×a×a×b×c×c×c
= 3
–15 × a × a × a × a × c × c –18 × d × d × e × e × e × 7 × e × f × f
5 =
6b2c –6 × d × e × e × e × e
=– 1
5 = 21df 2

2np2 3w3xy × (–12wx2)

6. 2 4
× (–27m3n) 7.
3m np –9w2x4y
9
2 × n × p × p × (–27) × m × m × m × n 3 × w × w × w × x × y × (–12) × w × x × x
= =
3×m×m×n×p×p×p×p
Praktis Ekstra

1
–9 × w × w × x × x × x × x × y

Tag
18mn
=– 2 4w2
p =
x

Praktis Ekstra

44 SP 5.2.3 TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
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