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KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN

SANGGAR PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI INKLUSIF DI YOGYAKARTA

Siwi Gita Kartika

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

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DAFTAR ISI

DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................................................... 2

DAFTAR GAMBAR.................................................................................................................................... 5

DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................................................ 8

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

A. PEMAHAMAN JUDUL ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

B. LATAR BELAKANG......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

C. PERMASALAHAN DAN PERSOALAN ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

D. TUJUAN DAN SASARAN................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

E. LINGKUP DAN BATASAN .............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

F. METODE DESAIN .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

G. SISTEMATIKA PEMBAHASAN........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

BAB II TINJAUAN DATA............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

A. TINJAUAN PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Pengertian Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Pentingnya Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3. Macam-Macam Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini.............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

4. Prinsip Dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini.................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

B. TINJAUAN ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Pengertian Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Penyebab Gangguan pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus .......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3. Ciri dan Karakteristik Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus ................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4. Klasifikasi Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5. Prinsip-Prinsip Pembelajaran Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.

6. Pendidikan bagi Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus ........................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

C. TINJAUAN PENDIDIKAN INKLUSIF ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Pengertian Pendidikan Inklusif ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Landasan Pendidikan Inklusif ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3. Tujuan Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Inklusif........................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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4. Karakteristik Pendidikan Inklusif .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

5. Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Inklusif....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

6. Model-model Pendidikan Inklusif............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

7. Sarana dan Prasarana Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Inklusif... Error! Bookmark not defined.

8. Peran Guru Pembimbing Khusus dalam Pendidikan Inklusif.... Error! Bookmark not defined.

D. TINJAUAN DESAIN INKLUSIF ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Prinsip Desain Sekolah Inklusif ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Perancangan Fisik Ruang Inklusif.............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

E. PRESEDEN..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. TPP Al-Firdaus Surakarta .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

BAB III TINJAUAN LOKASI ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

A. TINJAUAN KOTA YOGYAKARTA .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Tinjauan Fisik Kota Yogyakarta ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Tinjauan Non Fisik Kota Yogyakarta ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

B. TINJAUAN PENENTUAN LOKASI ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Penentuan Lokasi Sanggar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Inklusif Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Penentuan Tapak Sanggar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Inklusif Error! Bookmark not defined.

BAB IV ANALISIS KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN............. Error! Bookmark not defined.

A. ANALISIS PERENCANAAN ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Sanggar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Inklusif di Yogyakarta....... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Tujuan Sanggar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Inklusif di Yogyakarta..........Error! Bookmark not
defined.

3. Fungsi Sanggar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Inklusif di Yogyakarta...........Error! Bookmark not
defined.

4. Visi dan Misi.............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

5. Sasaran dan Lingkup Pelayanan ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

6. Kurikulum ................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

7. Institusi/Lembaga Mitra Kerja .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

8. Struktur Komite Sekolah........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

9. Program Pendidikan Usia Dini .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

10. Pelaku Kegiatan ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

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11. Daya Tampung Pengguna ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

12. Analisis Pengelompokan Ruang Kelas ...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

B. ANALISIS PERANCANGAN MIKRO ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Analisis Kebutuhan dan Persyaratan Ruang............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Analisis Pola Hubungan Ruang ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3. Analisis Besaran Ruang............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

4. Analisis Perancangan Fisik Ruang ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

C. ANALISIS PERANCANGAN MAKRO ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Analisis Penentuan dan Pengolahan Tapak.............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Analisis Pola Tata Massa dan Bentuk Bangunan ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3. Analisis Sistem Sirkulasi Landscape .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4. Analisis Sistem Struktur ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

5. Analisis Sistem Utilitas.............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

BAB V KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

A. KONSEP DASAR TATA RUANG ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Konsep Pelaku Kegiatan ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Konsep Peruangan.................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3. Konsep Pengolahan Elemen Arsitektur .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

B. KONSEP PERANCANGAN BANGUNAN.......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Konsep Tapak............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Konsep Pola Tata Massa dan Bentuk Bangunan ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3. Konsep Sistem Sirkulasi dan Landscape ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4. Konsep Sistem Struktur ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

5. Konsep Sistem Utilitas .............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 2. Penyediaan aksebilitas untuk tunadaksa pada desain inklusif .............Error! Bookmark not
defined.

Gambar 3. Gambar. Ruang sumber atau penenangan bagi anak berkebutuhan khusus............... Error!
Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 4. Proses Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Inklusif......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 5. Kualitas bukaan ...................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 6. TPP Al-Firdaus ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 7. Sentra Kelas di TPP Al-Firdaus................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 8. Ruang bermain outdoor......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 9. Kelas Terapi TPP Al-Firdaus .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 10. Day Care TPP Al-Firdaus ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 11. Ruang Staff pendidikan ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 12. Ruang Makan TPP Al-Firdaus ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 13. Perpustakaan dan Aula TPP Al-Firdaus ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 14. Peta Kota Yogyakarta ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 15. Presentase Penggunaan Lahan di Kota Yogyakarta tahun 2015.........Error! Bookmark not
defined.

Gambar 16. Peta Persebaran PAUD di Yogyakarta .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 17. Peta Kecamatan Kotagede ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 18. Struktur Komite Sekolah yang direncanakan....................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 19. Pola Kegiatan Peserta Didik ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 20. Pola Kegiatan Staf Pengelola................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 21. Pola Kegiatan Pengunjung ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 22. Alternatif penyusunan kelompok kelas ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 23. Pola hubungan ruang area pendidikan ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 24. Pola hubungan ruang area day care .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 25. Pola hubungan ruang area pengelola .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 26. Pola hubungan ruang area terapi ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

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Gambar 27. Pola hubungan ruang area terapi ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 28. Pola hubungan ruang area terapi ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 29. Dimensi gerak pada peserta didik normal ........................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 30. Dimensi gerak pada peserta didik dengan kursi roda.......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 31. Dimensi gerak pada peserta didik dengan bantuan kruk .... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 32. Dimensi gerak pada peserta didik tunanetra....................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 35. Gambaran perbandingan proporsi pada setiap area kegiatan ...........Error! Bookmark not
defined.

Gambar 34. Alternatif 1 ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 35. Alternatif 2 ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 36. Tapak terpilih ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 37. Batas-batas Tapak ................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 38. Penentuan ME dan SE pada tapak ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 39. Analisis view dari dalam tapak............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 40. Analisis view dari luar tapak................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 41. Hasil analisis view menuju tapak ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 42. Analisis view dari luar tapak................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 43. Hasil analisis klimatologis tapak........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 44. Analisis kebisingan pada site................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 45. Hasil analisis kebisingan tapak ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 46. Penzoningan akhir................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 47. Bentuk massa yang dipilih untuk diolah .............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 48. Penzoningan akhir................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 49. Ramp dan standar pemasangan guiding block .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 50. Sistem jaringan listrik ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 51. Sistem jaringan air bersih..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 52. Sistem jaringan air kotor ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 53. Gambaran penyusunan ruang kelas..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 54. Konsep tampilan pada koridor sanggar ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 55. Gambaran perbandingan proporsi pada setiap area kegiatan ...........Error! Bookmark not
defined.

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Gambar 56. Batas-batas Tapak ................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 57. Konsep Pencapaian ME dan SE pada tapak ......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 58. Konsep view menuju tapak .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 59. Konsep klimatologis tapak ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 60. Hasil analisis kebisingan tapak ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 61. Penzoningan akhir................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 62. Bentuk massa yang dipilih untuk diolah .............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 63. Konsep penzoningan akhir................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 64. Konsep sirkulasi landscape/pedestrian................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 65. Konsep sistem jaringan listrik .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 66. Konsep sistem jaringan air bersih ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 67. Konsep sistem jaringan air kotor ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Klasifikasi Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 2. Klasifikasi anak tunagrahita........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 4. Perbedaan Karakteristik Kelas Reguler dan Kelas Inklusif.......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 5. Layanan Khusus Pendidikan Inklusif........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 6. Peran guru pembimbing khusus dengan guru kelas .................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 7. Layanan Khusus Pendidikan Inklusif........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 8. Layanan Khusus Pendidikan Inklusif........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 9. Data Penggunaan Lahan Kota Yogyakarta ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 10. Jumlah Penduduk dan Sebarannya di Kota Yogyakarta ........... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 11. Kepadatan Penduduk Kota Yogyakarta menurut kecamatan Tahun 2013 ... Error! Bookmark
not defined.

Tabel 12. Perbandingan Kecamatan Kotagede dan Kecamatan Wirobrajan..........Error! Bookmark not
defined.

Tabel 13. Jadwal Kegiatan Kelas Kelompok Bermain............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 14. Jadwal Kegiatan Kelas TK.......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 15. Jadwal Kegiatan Day Care ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 16. Jumlah perkiraan peserta didik sanggar yang direncanakan ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 17. Jumlah perkiraan pengelola sanggar yang direncanakan ........ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 18. Jumlah perkiraan pengunjung sanggar yang direncanakan..... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 19. Analisis kebutuhan ruang berdasarkan kegiatan pelaku ......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 20. Analisis kebutuhan ruang berdasarkan kurikulum pada sanggar yang direncanakan.... Error!
Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 21. Analisis karakteristik anak berkebutuhan khusus .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 22. Kebutuhan ruang area pendidikan........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 23. Kebutuhan ruang area day care ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 24. Kebutuhan ruang area pengelola............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 25. Kebutuhan ruang area terapi ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 26. Kebutuhan ruang area penunjang............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 27. Kebutuhan ruang area servis ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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Tabel 28. Besaran ruang pada area pendidikan....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 29. Besaran ruang pada area day care........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 30. Besaran ruang pada area pengelola......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 31. Besaran ruang pada area Terapi .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 32. Besaran ruang pada area Penunjang ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 33. Besaran ruang pada area Terapi .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 34. Analisis bentuk dan wujud ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 35. Analisis penataan perabot tipe kelas A .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 36. Analisis penataan perabot tipe kelas B .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 37. Analisis warna dan tekstur ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 38. Analisis pencahayaan dan bukaan ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 39. Analisis proporsi dan skala ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 40. Alternatif tapak yang akan digunakan ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 41. Analisis pemilihan tapak........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 42. Analisis penentuan entrance.................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 43. Analisis klimatologis ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 44. Analisis bentuk massa .............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 45. Pola massa bangunan............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 46. Analisis komposisi tata massa .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 47. Analisis sirkulasi landscape ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 48. Analisis softscape landscape .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 49. Analisis hardscape landscape................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 50. Analisis sub struktur ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 51. Analisis super struktur.............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 52. Analisis komposisi tata massa .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 53. Analisis penghawaan buatan.................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 54. Analisis sistem air bersih .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 55. Analisis sistem pembuangan air kotor ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 56. Analisis sistem komunikasi dan sound system......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 57. Analisis sistem penanggulangan kebakaran............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 58. Analisis sistem penangkal petir ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
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Tabel 59. Konsep pelaku kegiatan ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 60. Konsep peruangan.................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 61. Konsep pengolahan ruang........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 62. Konsep sirkulasi landscape....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 63. Konsep softscape landscape .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 64. Konsep hardscape landscape ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 65. Konsep sistem struktur ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

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