COOER-01 (CO-01)

Fungsi : Mendinginkan gas keluar reaktor sebanyak 15025,4351 kg/jam dari suhu
200,9399oC menjadi suhu 120oC sebelum masuk absorber.
Pendingin : air 30oC.
Alat :Heat exchanger double pipe.
Menentukan kondisi proses
Fluida Panas
kg
Kecepatan massa, w =15025,4351
j
lb
= 33166,1562
j
Suhu masuk, Tin = 200,9399oC
Suhu keluar, Tout = 120oC
Sifat-sifat fisis fluida dingin pada suhu rata-rata
T ¿ + T out ( 20 0 , 93 9 9+120 ) ℃
Ta = =
2 2
= 160,4799oC =433,6199 K
Kompone [Link]
kg/jam BM kmol/jam yi yi.μ,mP yi.k, W/m.k
n kJ/kg K
CH3OH 266,6800 32 8,3338 0,0130 1,8552 2353,4381 0,0004
HCl 1825,0913 36,5 50,0025 0,0780 16,4222 59,1855 0,0016
CH3Cl 3787,6894 50,5 75,0038 0,1169 18,3568 58889,6545 0,0024
H2O 9145,9744 18 508,1097 0,7921 115,7701 4502,0087 0,0243

Jumlah 15025,4351 641,4497 1 152,4043 65804,2868 0,0287

ρcampuran = 0,7505 kg/m3
= 0,0469 lb/ft3
Cpcampuran = 65804,2868 kJ/kg.K
= 62371,2772 Btu/[Link]
kcampuran = 0,0287 W/m.k
=0,0166 Btu/[Link]
µcampuran = 115,7701 mP

1
 = 0,0280 lb/[Link]
Neraca Panas
Panas masuk
Suhu masuk = 200,9399oC = 474,0899 K
Suhu referensi = 25oC = 298,15 K
474 , 0899

ΔHm = m ∫ Cp 1dt
298 ,15

Sifat fisis Cp (kapasitas panas): ( Yaws)

Cp liquid= A + BT +CT2 + DT3 + ET4 (kcal/kmol.K)

1 kJ = 0,94783 btu

Cp, J/mol K
Komponen A B C D E
CH3OH 40,045 -3,8287E-02 2,4529E-04 -2,1679E-09 -3,16E-12
HCl 29,244 -1,2615E-03 1,1210E-06 4,9676E-09 -2,50E-12
CH3Cl 27,385 2,6036E-02 1,0320E-04 -1,0887E-07 3,16E-11
H2O 33,933 -8,4186E-03 2,9906E-05 -1,7825E-08 3,69E-12

474 , 0899

ΔHm = m ∫ Cp dt
298 ,5

Massa
Komponen Massa kgmol/ m∫CpdT, ΔHm,
kg/jam jam ∫CpdT (kJ/jam) btu/jam
CH3OH 266,6800 8,3338 8816,9627 73478,3633 69644,9971
HCL 1825,0913 50,0025 5131,5444 256590,0517 243203,7487
CH3CL 3787,6894 75,0038 8317,4457 623839,6233 591293,9102
3060005,154 2900364,686
H2O 6022,3318
9145,9744 508,1097 9 0
3804507,341
JUMLAH 15025,4351 641,4497
9
ΔHm= 3804507,3419 Btu/jamPanas keluar

Suhu keluar = 120 oC = 393,15 K

Suhu referensi = 25 oC = 298,15 K
393 ,15

ΔHk = m ∫ Cp2 dt
298 ,15

Komponen Massa Massa ∫CpdT m∫CpdT, ΔHk,

kg/jam kgmol/ (kJ/jam) btu/jam

2
 jam
CH3OH 266,6800 8,3338 4526,6001 37723,5535 35755,5157
HCL 1825,0913 50,0025 2765,9034 138302,0834 131086,8637
CH3CL 3787,6894 75,0038 4244,5619 318358,0622 301749,3221
1637491,918 1552063,965
H2O 3222,7134
9145,9744 508,1097 6 2
2131875,617 2020655,666
JUMLAH 15025,4351 641,4497
6 7
ΔHk= 2020655,6667 Btu/jam

[Link] Panas Cooler 01

Q masuk Q keluar
KOMPONEN (kcal/jam) (kcal/jam)
CH3OH 17561,7697 9016,155618
HCl 61326,5619 33055,02774
CH3Cl 149101,413 76089,48702
H2O 731359,5921 391370,3935
Beban pendingin 0 449818,2728
JUMLAH 959349,3367 959349,3367

Fluida Pendingin
Digunakan air pendingin :
Suhu masuk = 30oC = 303,1500 K = 86 oF
Suhu keluar = 50oC = 323,1500 K = 122oF
Suhu rata-rata = (50oC + 30oC)/2 = 40oC = 313,15 K
Sifat-sifat air pada suhu rata-rata:
lb
ρ = 63,2814 3
ft
Btu
Cp = 1,0011
lb℉
Btu
k =2,4380
j ft ℉
lb
µ = 1,6056
j ft
Q
Kebutuhan pendingin, m =
cp(Tout −Tin)

3
 178 3851 ,6753 Btu/ jam
= btu
1,0011 (122 F−86 F)
lbF
= 59153,6981 lb/jam
= 26832,1175 kg/jam
Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD)
Fluida panas Fluida dingin Beda
200,9399 T tinggi 50 150,9399 (T1 – t2)
120 T rendah 30 90 (T2 – t1)
80,9399 Beda 20 60,9399 (∆t2 - ∆t1)

( T 1 −t 2 )− ( T 2−t 1 )
LMTD =
( T 1 −t 2 )
ln
( T 2 −t 1 )
150 ,35−90
= 150 , 35 = 117,8557oC = 244,1403 oF
ln
90
Penentuan jenis cooler
- Pemilihan Koefisien Kotor Transfer Panas/ Design of Dirty Coefficient (Ud)
Btu
Dari tabel 8 Kern 1965: Ud antara 75 – 150 2 (steam and gases)
j ft ℉
Btu
Diambil Ud = 75 2
j ft ℉
- Penentuanluas transfer panas (A)
Menentukanluas transfer panas untuk perancangan jenis cooler yang akan dipilih
Q
A =
Ud ∆ T LMTD
1783 851, 6753 Btu/ jam
= Btu
75 2 ℉ x 244 ,1403 ℉
j ft
= 97,4222 ft2
Karenaluas transfer panas, A < 200 ft2, maka dipilih jenis double pipe exchanger.
Digunakan Cooler Double Pipe
Trial lay out, Tabel 11 Kern, pg844
Annulus Tube

4
 IPS,in 20 IPS,in 12
OD,in 20 OD,in 12,75
ID,in 19,25 ID,in 12,09
2
a’’, ft /ft 5,236 a’’, ft2/ft 3,338
Fluida dingin mengalir dalam Tube
Fluida pemanas mengalir dalam Anulus
Anulus Side (pendingin)
¿
D1 = 12 ,75∈ 12 =1 ,0625 ft ¿
¿
D2 =12 , 09∈ 12 =1 ,6042 ft ¿
2 2
π x (D 2 −D 1 )
Aa =
4
Aa = π x ¿ ¿
2 2
( D 2 −D 1 )
De =
D1
De = ¿ ¿ = 1,3595 ft
Kecepatan massa, Ga = W/Aa
Ga = 26832,1175 lb/jam / 1,1339 ft
= 23663,7979 lb/[Link]²
lb
1,3595 ft . 26832 ,1175 2
ft . jam
ℜanulus=D .> ¿ = =20036 , 8928 ¿
μ lb
1,6056
ft . jam
ho=¿ ¿
Btu
ho=123 , 4579 2
j . ft . ℉
Tube Side
2
π x (ID )
Flow area =
4
Flow area = π x ¿ ¿114,7520 in2 = 0,7968 ft2
Kecepatan massa, Gt = W/At
Gt = 33124,8569 lb/jam / 0,7968 ft2
= 41571,3611 lb/[Link]²
T 1+T 2 20 0 , 9399+120
Ta= = =160 , 4700 ℃
2 2

Data Bahan pada suhu 160 , 4700 ℃

lb
Miu = 0,0280
ft . jam

5
 Btu
Cp =62371,2772
lb ℉
Btu
k =0,0166
ft . lb . ℉
lb
1 ,0075 ft . 41571, 3611 2
ft . jam
ℜtube=D .> ¿ = =1495516,3386 ¿
μ lb
0,0280
ft . jam
jH = 1000 (kern fig 28 pg.838)
hi=¿ ¿
Btu
hi=776 ,9154 2
j. ft . ℉
ID
Hio =hi x
OD
Btu ¿
Hio =776 , 9154 x 12 , 09∈ ¿
2
j . ft .℉ 12 ,75∈¿ ¿
Btu
Hio = 736,6968 2
j . ft .℉

Menghitung celean overall coeficient

h io .ho 736,6968 .123,4579
Uc= =
h io +ho 736,6968+123,4579
Btu
¿ 1 05 ,7380 2
j . ft .℉
Disgn overall coefisient, UD

( )
−1
Btu
Rd = 0,003 2 (dirt factor by problem, kern p836)
j . ft .℉

1 1
= + Rd
UD UC

Ud = 80,2740/(hr ft2 oF)

Required surface (luas transfer panas) A

Q
A=
UD.∆T

1783851,6753 Btu / jam

¿ =91,0216 ft 2
( 80,2740
Btu
j . ft 2 .℉
.244 , 1403℉
)
6
Dalam table 11. Hal 844 kern untuk IPS 12 = 3,338 ft2/ft
Outside surface per foot lenghth, a’’= A/3,338
a’’= 91,0216 ft2/ 3,338 ft2/ft
a’’= 27,2683 linft
Digunakan panjang pipa standar, L = 8 ft
a' '
Banyak hair pin, N =
2x L
27,2683
N= = 1,7043 = 2 buah
2x 8
Panjang hairpin = L x N
Panjang hairpin = 8 ft x 2 = 16 ft
A koreksi = N x panjang hairpin x a’’
A koreksi = 2 x 8 ft x 3,338 ft2/ft = 106,8160 ft2
Ud koreksi
Q
Ud=
A.∆T
1783851,6753 Btu / jam
¿ =6 8 , 4042 btu /h rft 2 F
( 106 ,8160 ft 2.244 ,1403 ℉ )
Dirt factor:

U C −U D 105,7380−68,4042
( )
−1
Btu
Rd= = =0 , 0 052 2
U C x U D 105,7380 x 68,4042 j. ft . ℉

( )
−1
Btu
Rd = 0,003 2 (dirt factor minimal by problem, kern p836)
j . ft .℉

Rd > Rd min, maka cooler dapat digunakan.

Penurunan tekanan
Anulus side
De’ = (D2-D1)
De’ = (20,00-12,75) in = 6,5 in
De = 0,5417 ft
Re annulus = 7983,4495
Densitas = 63,2814 lb/ft3
G annulus = 23663,7979 lb/j ft2
0,264 0,264
f =0,0345+ 0 ,42
=0,0345+ 0 , 42
=0 , 0 096
ℜanulus 7983,4495

4 . f .G 2a . L
Δ Fa=
2 . g . ρ2 . D e '

7
ΔFa = 0,0002 ft

lb
23663,7979
G anulus jft 2 ft
V= = =0 ,104
p x 3600 lb s
3600 x 63,2814
ft 3

( )
2
ft
2
0 , 104
V s
Ft =3 =3 =0 , 00 05 ft
2g ft
2 x 32, 2
s2

( ∆ Fa+ Ft ) x p
∆ P anulus= =0 , 00 03 psi
144
Tube side
De’ = 1,0075 ft
Re tube = 1495516,3386
Densitas = 0,047 lb/ft3
G tube = 41571,3611 lb/j ft2
0,264 0,264
f =0,0345+ 0 , 42
=0,0345+ 0 ,42
=0 , 00 42
ℜtube 1495516,3386
4 . f .G 2a . L
Δ Fa=
2 . g . ρ2 . D e '
ΔFa = 249,6607 ft
( ∆ Fp ) x p
∆ P tube= =0 ,0 812 psi
144

Anulus Tube
Hot fluid fluid cold fluid
736,6986 h outside 123,4579
UC 105,7380
UD 68,4042
Rd calc. 0,0052
Rd required 0,003
0,08123 Calc DP 0,0003
2 Allow. DP 10

8
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