Simple formula untuk mengetahui diameter kabel (tapi biasanya hanya untuk

perhitungan panjang diatas 50 meter) :

Ö3 x L x I x cosj
= Æ
h x e
V

dimana : Ö3 : 1,732 ( untuk beban 3 phase)

L : Panjang kabel dalam meter
I : Kuat arus beban maksimum dalam Ampere
cosj : Cos phi beban (biasanya sekitar 0.8)
h : Konstanta penampang tembaga
e
V : Rugi tegangan (maksimum 5% dari tegangan kerja 380 VAC)
Æ : Diameter kabel dalam mm2

Contoh : Sebuah motor listrik 3 phase dengan kuat arus pada beban penuh sebesar 60Amp,
tegangan kerja 380 VAC, Cos phi 0.85 dihubungkan dengan kabel dengan jarak
200meter dari panel utama maka besar kebel yang diperlukan adalah :

1.732 x 200 x 60 x 0.85

= 16.60
56 x 19
= menggunakan kabel 4x25 mm2

Tabel conversi kabel

ELECTRICAL

1. Resistance of the Cable Conductor (AC)

S = 1.5 mm2 (Cross sectional area of insulated conductor)

L = 20 m (Length of conductor)

22.5 W mm2/km
R= = 15.00 W/km = 0.300 W (Copper Cable)
S (c.s.a in mm ) 2

36 W mm2/km
R= = 24.00 W/km = 0.480 W (Aluminium Cable)
S (c.s.a in mm ) 2

2. Voltage Drops
a. Single Phase (phase/phase or phase/neutral) b. Balanced 3-phase (with or without neutral)
V= 220 Volt V= 380 Volt
DU = 2 IB ( R cos j + X sin j ) L/1000 DU = 3 IB ( R cos j + X sin j ) L/1000

IB = 4 A (full load current) IB = 200 A

R= 15 W/km (conductor resistance) R= 0.08 W/km
X= 0.08 W/km (conductor reactance) X= 0.08 W/km
cos j = 1 (power factor) cos j = 0.8
sin j = 0.0 (power factor) sin j = 0.6
L= 20 m (length of cable) L= 100 m

DU = 2.45 V ≈ 1.12 % DU = 3.88 V ≈

Note : - Lighting drop = 3%

- Others drop = 5%
- X = 0.08 W/km, negligible less than 50mm2

3. Ukuran Penampang Kabel

a. Rangkaian 1-phase
g cos j g= 22.5 W mm2/km (hambat jenis : Cu = 22.5 W mm2/km ; Al = 36 W m
S=
DU*V2*cos j * S cos j = 1 (power factor)
- X sin j
2*P*L*100 DU = 1.12 % (voltage drop : maximum lighting drop = 3% ; others = 5% )
 V= 220 V (Tegangan 1-phase)
S= 1.5 mm 2
P= 1 kW (Daya beban)
L= 20 m (Panjang kabel)
X= 0.08 W/km (reaktansi kabel : 0.08 W/km, negligible less than 50mm
sin j = 0.0 (power factor)
S = 1 kali (jumlah tarikan kabel per phase)

b. Rangkaian 3-phase seimbang

g cos j g= 22.5 W mm2/km (hambat jenis : Cu = 22.5 W mm2/km ; Al = 36 W m
S=
DU*V2*cos j * S cos j = 0.8 (power factor)
- X sin j
P*L*100 DU = 5 % (voltage drop : maximum lighting drop = 3% ; others = 5% )
V= 380 V (Tegangan 3-phase)
S= 0 mm2 P= 3 kW (Daya beban)
L= 250 m (Panjang kabel)
X= 0.08 W/km (reaktansi kabel : 0.08 W/km, negligible less than 50mm
sin j = 0.6 (power factor)
S = 8 kali (jumlah tarikan kabel per phase)

4. Capacitor Bank

Qc = P * ( tan j1 - tan j2 ) = 277 kVAR

P= 500 kW
cos j1 = 0.75 (power factor awal)
cos j2 = 0.95 (power factor harapan, lebih besar dari cos j1)

5. Short Circuit Current (Isc) / Breaking Capacity

Daya di Gardu Induk S = 500 MVA

Tegangan Menengah U = 20,000 V
Tegangan Rendah V = 400 V

R (mW) X (mW) RT (mW)

A). Tegangan Menengah (Di Panel MVDP)

1). Jaringan PLN : 1.1 x U2 R=0.1 * X X=0.995 * Z
Impedansi (Z) = x 1000 (mW)
S 87.5600 875.6000

2). Instalasi Kabel Tegangan Menengah (Gardu PLN - MVDP)

 - Kabel Feeder Tembaga (Cu)
Size = 6 x 1 x 150 mm2 7.5000 4.0000 95.0600
L= 100 m

- Kabel Feeder Aluminium (Al)

Size = 3 x 1 x 95 mm2 0.0000 0.0000
L= 0 m

B). Tegangan Rendah (Di Panel LVMDP)

1). Jaringan PLN : 1.1 x V2 R=0.1 * X X=0.995 * Z
Impedansi (Z) = x 1000 (mW)
S 0.0350 0.3502

2). Instalasi Kabel Tegangan Menengah (Gardu PLN - MVDP)

- Kabel Feeder Tembaga (Cu)
Size = 6 x 1 x 150 mm2 0.0030 0.0016
L= 100 m

- Kabel Feeder Aluminium (Al)

Size = 3 x 1 x 95 mm2 0.0000 0.0000
L= 0 m

3). Instalasi Kabel Tegangan Menengah (MVDP - Trafo)

- Kabel Feeder Tembaga (Cu)
Size = 3 x 1 x 70 mm2 0.0026 0.0006
L= 20 m

- Kabel Feeder Aluminium (Al)

Size = 3 x 1 x 70 mm2 0.0000 0.0000
L= 0 m

4). Trafo P= 2,500 kVA

Z= 7 %
Z * V2 0.672 4.4293
Impedansi (Z) = = 4.48 (mW)
P * 100

5). Instalasi Kabel Tegangan Rendah (Trafo - LVMDP)

- Kabel Feeder Tembaga (Cu)
Size = 32 x 1 x 300 mm2 1.4063 1.5000 2.1188
L= 150 m
 - Kabel Feeder Aluminium (Al)
Size = 12 x 1 x 240 mm2 0.0000 0.0000
L= 0 m

C). Tegangan Rendah (Di Panel-panel Distribusi)

Instalasi Kabel Tegangan Rendah (LVMDP - Panel Distribusi)
- Kabel Feeder Tembaga (Cu)
Size = 32 x 1 x 300 mm2 1.1250 1.2000 3.2438
L= 120 m

Total hambatan kabel feeder dari LVMDP = 1.1250 1.2000

- Kabel Feeder Aluminium (Al)

Size = 1 x 4 x 240 mm2 0.0000 0.0000
L= 0 m

Total hambatan kabel feeder dari LVMDP = 0.0000 0.0000

6. Jumlah Armatur Lampu (N)

E*A (3).
Flux Cahaya (Q) :
N= = 8 bh
h*Q*d Q= S *I*P = 12,800 Lumen

E= 100 Lux (Intensitas penerangan)(1) I = 80 Lumen/Watt (Kuat cahaya)

A= 450 m2 (Luas bidang kerja) P= 40 Watt (Daya lampu)
h= 0.57 Efisiensi penerangan(2) S = 4 bh (Jumlah lampu per armatur)
Q= 12,800 Lumen (Flux cahaya lampu)(3)
d= 1 Depresiasi (0.7 - 0.85) Jenis Lampu Kuat Cahaya (I)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pijar 11 - 18
(2).
" Penentuan nilai efisiensi (h) dengan TL 50 - 80
perhitungan indeks ruangan (k) " Halogen 16 - 20
p*l Mercury 30 - 60
k= = 2.00 Halide 80 - 100
h*(p+l) Sodium 120 - 140

p= 30 m (panjang ruangan)
l= 15 m (lebar ruangan)
h= 5 m (tinggi lampu diatas bidang kerja)

Hubungan besar nilai (k) dengan (h) :

k= 0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2 3 4 >=5
h= 0.24 0.36 0.44 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.64 0.68
with or without neutral)

j + X sin j ) L/1000

(full load current)

(conductor resistance)
(conductor reactance)
(power factor)
(power factor)
(length of cable)

1.02 %

= 22.5 W mm2/km ; Al = 36 W mm2/km)

hting drop = 3% ; others = 5% )

/km, negligible less than 50mm2)

= 22.5 W mm2/km ; Al = 36 W mm2/km)

hting drop = 3% ; others = 5% )

/km, negligible less than 50mm2)

V
XT (mW) Isc = (kA)
3 * RT2 + XT2

Breaking Capacity di MVDP

879.6000 13.05 kA

Breaking Capacity di LVMDP

6.2818 34.84 kA
 Breaking Capacity
di Panel Distribusi

7.4818 28.32 kA

(1).
Intensitas penerangan (E) di ruangan : SNI 03-6197-2000

Jenis Ruangan E (Lux) Jenis Ruangan E (Lux)

Rumah Rumah Sakit
- Teras/Garasi 60 - Rg. Rawat Inap/rekreasi&rehab 250
- Rg. Tamu 120 - 150 - Rg. Operasi/bersalin 300
- Rg. Makan/kerja/tidur 120 - 250 - Laboratorium 500
- Kamar mandi/dapur 250 Pertokoan/Rg. Pamer
Perkantoran - Rg. Pamer/Tk. Mainan 500
- Rg. Direksi/kerja/komp. 350 - Tk. Perhiasan/arloji/pakaian 500
- Rg. Rapat/arsip aktif 300 - Tk. Kulit/sepatu/swalayan 500
- Rg. Gambar 750 - Tk. Kue/makanan/bunga 250
- Gudang arsip 150 - Tk. Listrik/musik/olahraga 250
Lembaga Pendidikan - Tk. Buku/alat tulis/gambar 300
- Rg. Kelas 250 Industri
- Perpustakaan 300 - Gudang 100
- Laboratorium 500 - Pekerjaan kasar 100 - 200
- Rg. Gambar 750 - Pekerjaan menengah 200 - 500
- Kantin 200 - Pekerjaan halus 500 - 1000
Hotel & Restoran 200 - Pekerjaan amat halus 1000 - 2000
- Lobi/Koridor 100 - Pemeriksaan warna 750
- Rg. Serbaguna/Kafe 200 Rumah Ibadah
- Rg. Makan 250 - Masjid/Gereja/Vihara 200
- Kamar Tidur 150
- Dapur 300
Arus Beban 3 Ф : Performed by
Nanang Cahyono, ST
Masukkan besar daya 3ph : 39.5 kW Jl. Teluk Kumai Barat 32 Sby

Masukkan Faktor kerja : 0.80

Masukkan tegangan line - line : 380 V
Nilai Arus : 75.0 A

Arus Beban 1 Ф :

Masukkan besar daya 1ph : 20.0 kW

Masukkan Faktor kerja : 0.80
Masukkan tegangan line - neutral : 220 V
Nilai Arus : 113.6 A

Enclosed
kondisi kabel : 1 in Wall
1

: 10.00
kabel awal yang di pakai : 16.00

Masukkan besar temperatur : 30 °C

faktor koreksi temperatur : 1.00

 Performed by
Nanang Cahyono, ST
Jl. Teluk Kumai Barat 32 Sby

Enclosed clipped to
free
in conduit a surface
2 3 4

Table A.1: Nominal current-carrying capacity of

general-purpose, two-core, PVC-insulated copper cables
at 30 degrees celcius. Source: IEE Wiring Regulations
table 4D2A

Current Rating (A) Conductor

Conductor size
Enclosed Enclosed clipped to size
(mm²) free
in Wall in conduit a surface (mm²)
1 2 3 4
1 0 0 0 0 0
1 11 13 15 17 1
1.5 14 16.5 19.5 22 1.5
2.5 18.5 23 27 30 2.5
4 25 30 36 40 4
 6 32 38 46 51 6
10 43 52 63 70 10
16 61 85.5 95 16
25 82 113.4 126 25
35 102 138.6 154 35
50 131 173.7 193 50
70 164 216.9 241 70
95 205 256.5 285 95
120 233 306 340 120
150 345.6 384 150
185 395.1 439 185
240 470.7 523 240
300 542.7 603 300

Tabel A.2. Correction of current carrying capacity of

general purpose PVC cables for ambient temperatures
different from 30 degrees celcius. Source: IEE Wiring
Regulations table 4C1
Ambient
correction
temperature
factor
(°C)
0 1.03
25 1.03
30 1
35 0.94
40 0.87
45 0.79
50 0.71

Table A.3: Correction of current carrying capacity for grouping of cables

when bunched and clipped, or clipped side-by-side. Source: IEE Wiring
Regulations table 4B1

correction factor with N cables

method of grouping
2 3 4
clipped in a bunch 0.80 0.70 0.65
clipped side-by-side, touching 0.85 0.79 0.75
clipped side-by-side, not touching 0.94 0.90 0.90

Table A.4: Correction of current carrying capacity for complete enclosure in

thermal insulation. Source: IEE Wiring Regulations table 52A

correction factor with N cables

method of grouping
N=2 N=3 N=4
clipped in a bunch 0.80 0.70 0.65
clipped side-by-side, touching 0.85 0.79 0.75
clipped side-by-side, not touching 0.94 0.90 0.90
 Table A.5: Resistance per metre of two-core cable, at 70 degress celcius.
Figures are given for the two power cores (for voltage drop and short-circuit
current calculations), the power and earth cores (for disconnection time
calculations), and the earth alone (for shock voltage calculations). Source:
IEE Wiring Regulations table 4D2B
resistance resistance resistance
conductor size of both of power of earth
(power/earth) power and earth conductor
(mm²) conductor conductor s alone
s (Ω/m) s (Ω/m) (Ω/m)
1/1 0.043 0.043 0.022
1.5/1.5 0.029 0.029 0.015
2.5/1.5 0.018 0.023 0.015
4/1.5 0.011 0.02 0.015
6/2.5 0.0076 0.013 0.009
10/4 0.0044 0.0077 0.0055

Table A.7: `worst case’ currents that will cause a protective device
to trip in 5 seconds. Source: MEM Ltd., product information. By
worst-case is meant the smallest current that will trip 95% of
devices. Note that the MCB figures are identical to those for 0.4
second tripping

BS 1361 type 1 type B

rating (A)
fuse (A) MCB (A) MCB (A)
5 14 20
6 24 30
20 82 80 100
30 125 120
32 128 160
40 160 200
45 240
 1
1.5
2.5
4
6
 10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300

grouping of cables
ource: IEE Wiring

or with N cables
5
0.60
0.73
0.90

omplete enclosure in
ons table 52A

or with N cables
N=5
0.60
0.73
0.90
 70 degress celcius.
rop and short-circuit
disconnection time
lculations). Source:
B
DIMENSI KABEL

Factor Drop Aliran Ukuran

Panjang Volt Hambatan
No Ke Panel Beban (W) Beban volt Listrik Kabel
Kabel (m) (V) Jenis (Cu)
(Cos φ) (%V) (A) (mm²)
3 Ph
ORIGINAL 200 6,250.00 0.8 380.0 56 5 12 3.09
3 Ph
SELECTION 200 8,500.00 0.8 380.0 56 5 16 4.20
2210

1 Ph
ORIGINAL 200 3,125.00 0.8 220.0 56 5 18 4.61
1 Ph
SELECTION 200 3,600.00 0.8 220.0 56 5 20 5.31
2210
 POWER CABEL DIMENSION
Design
Ukuran Site Uk. Kabel
Koreksi
Koreksi Calculation ditetapkan
(%) Calculation (
(mm²) ( mm² ) (mm²)
mm² )

70 4.42

70 6.01

70 6.59

70 7.59
JENIS KABEL NYY 0.6/1 KV
MASUKKAN POWER 8,500 W

MASUKKAN POWER 9 KW

CURRENT 20 A
DIAMETER KABEL 1(4C X 300MM2)
4x 2.5 mm2 2(4C X 150MM2)
3(4C X 95MM2)

4-core

Jenis Max. Current (A)

in Air at 40oC
1.5 16 2.5 50
2.5 22
4 30
6 38
10 52
16 70 0.05
25 91
35 113
50 139
70 174
95 205
120 250
150 320
185 380
240 435
300 435
BC 150
BC 75
BC 50
BC / NYA
MASUKKAN POWER 8,500 W

MASUKKAN POWER 8.5 KW

CURRENT 20 A

DIAMETER BC / NYA 1.5 mm2

BC Max. Current (A)

NYA in Air at 40oC
1.5 16 1.5 25
1.5 22
2.5 30
4 38
6 52
10 70
16 91
16 113
25 139
35 174
50 205
70 250
70 320
95 380
120 435
150 435