Descriptive Text
Definition of Descriptive Text (Pengertian Teks Deskripsi)
Descriptive text is a text that describes a particular object in detail. descriptive text atau teks
deskripsi adalah sebuah teks yang mendeskripsikan objek tertentu secara rinci.
Purpose of Descriptive Text (Tujuan Teks Deskripsi)
The purpose of descriptive text is to describe an object in detail. Tujuan dari descriptive text adalah
mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan suatu objek secara detail (rinci). Objek-objek ini bisa berupa
orang, hewan, benda, atau tempat.
Misalnya descriptive text tentang seekor hewan. Teks tersebut dapat memuat berbagai informasi
tentang deskripsi fisik, makanan, habitat, asal usul, perkembangbiakkan, hingga fakta-fakta unik yang
terkait.
Ingat, descriptive text hanya menjelaskan satu objek tertentu secara detail. Jadi, kalau kamu mau
membuat sebuah descriptive text, kamu bisa menjelaskan ciri-ciri salah satu kucing peliharaanmu,
bukan menjelaskan ciri-ciri kucing secara umum yang ada di dunia.
Structure of Descriptive Text (Struktur Teks Deskripsi)
Setiap teks pasti terdiri dari beberapa bagian yang menyusunnya ya, guys. Struktur descriptive
text terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu identification (identifikasi) dan description (deskripsi)
Bagian identification berisi pengenalan objek yang akan dideskripsikan. Contohnya seperti, ‘objek itu
apa?’ atau ‘dari mana objek itu berasal?’. Sedangkan bagian description berisi penjelasan yang lebih
spesifik dari objek yang sedang dideskripsikan. Di bagian ini, kamu bisa menjelaskan tentang
penampilan maupun kepribadian objek tersebut.
Language Features of Descriptive Text (Kaidah Kebahasaan Teks Deskripsi)
Dalam menulis descriptive text, ada kaidah kebahasaan yang harus kamu gunakan. Language
features of descriptive text terdiri dari tiga,
1. Adjective
Descriptive text tidak terlepas dari adjective atau kata sifat. Saat mendeskripsikan suatu objek, kita
pasti menggunakan kata sifat, seperti besar, kecil, tinggi, pendek, pintar, ramah, dan lain sebagainya.
Contoh:
Hanni is so pretty. She has an oval face, rounded eyes, pointed nose, and long hair. She is smart and
friendly.
Adjective yang digunakan pada descriptive text di atas adalah pretty (cantik), oval (oval/lonjong),
rounded (bulat), pointed (mancung), long (panjang), smart (pintar), dan friendly (ramah).
2. Simple Present Tense
Simple Present Tense biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan fakta atau kebenaran umum, serta
kebiasaan. Saat mendeskripsikan suatu objek, kita akan menggunakan tense jenis ini karena apa yang
kita jabarkan dari objek tersebut adalah fakta.
3. Adverb of Frequency
Adverb of frequency adalah kata keterangan yang berguna untuk menunjukkan seberapa sering
suatu kegiatan dilakukan. Nah, dalam descriptive text, kita bisa menjelaskan kebiasaan objek
menggunakan ini.
Contoh:
Hevi is a helpful and polite person. She often helps me to do my homework and always respects the
elders.
Example of Descriptive Text (Contoh Teks Deskripsi)
My Best Friend, Hanni
Identification:
Let me introduce you to my best friend. Her name is Hanni. She is my classmate in Junior High School.
She is thirteen years old.
Description:
Hanni is so pretty. She has an oval face, rounded eyes, pointed nose, and beautiful black long hair.
Her skin color is fair. Also, she has a slim body and is quite tall. She is 155 centimeters tall.
Hanni really loves to sing and dance. She joins the dance club as her extracurricular activity at school.
She is smart and friendly. She often helps me to do my homework and always respects the elders.
Everyone loves her.
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| General Introduction |
+------------------------+
| What: [Identify] |
| Where: [Location] |
| When: [Time] |
+------------------------+
+------------------------+
| Physical Features |
+------------------------+
| Shape & Size: [Details]|
| Color: [Color] |
| Texture & Material: [Details]|
+------------------------+
+------------------------+
| Function and Use |
+------------------------+
| Purpose: [Function] |
| How to Use: [Usage] |
+------------------------+
+------------------------+
| Impressions and Feelings |
+------------------------+
| Impression: [Feeling] |
| Reaction: [Reaction] |
+------------------------+
+------------------------+
| Additional Details |
+------------------------+
| History: [Background] |
| Relation: [Connection] |
Narrative Text (Pengertian Teks Narasi)
What is narrative text? Narrative text is type of text that tells a chronological story in the past tense.
Kalo dalam bahasa Indonesia-nya nih, teks narasi adalah suatu cerita yang dibuat runut dalam
kalimat lampau. Narrative text menceritakan cerita imajinatif ataupun cerita nyata yang
dimodifikasi, dan disusun melalui urutan kejadian yang terjadi di masa lalu.
The Purpose of Narrative Text (Tujuan Teks Narasi)
The aim of narrative text is to entertain the readers through the amusing story. Jika diartikan,
tujuan narrative text adalah untuk menghibur para pembaca dengan ceritanya yang menarik.
Types of Narrative Text (Jenis-Jenis Teks Narasi)
Nah, narrative text ini terdiri dari beberapa macam. Jenis-jenis teks narasi di antaranya ada cerita
khayalan (fairytales), misteri (mysteries), cerita seram (forror stories), sci-fi (science fiction), romansa
(romance), dan masih banyak lagi. Untuk lebih jelasnya, bisa kamu lihat pada gambar berikut ini:
Generic Structure of Narrative Text (Struktur Teks Narasi)
Ada 4 generic structure of narrative text (struktur teks narasi) yang perlu kamu ketahui jika ingin
menyusun atau membuat sebuah teks narasi (narrative text), yaitu:
1. Orientation
Merupakan bagian pembuka dari sebuah cerita teks narasi. Bagian ini mengenalkan tokoh dalam
cerita (characters) serta latar terjadinya cerita yang meliputi latar tempat, waktu, suasana, dan
keadaan sosial (setting).
2. Complication
Bagian ini berisi permasalahan yang terjadi di dalam sebuah cerita. Secara lebih
detail, complication terbagi lagi menjadi 3 bagian, yaitu:
Rising action: Masalah mulai muncul
Climax: Puncak permasalahan
Falling action: Tensi permasalahan mulai menurun, dan mulai menemukan titik
penyelesaian.
3. Resolution
Bagian ini berisi penyelesaian atau akhir dari sebuah cerita teks narasi. Sebuah cerita bisa ditutup
dengan akhir yang menyenangkan (happpy ending), akhir yang menyedihkan (sad ending), atau akhir
yang menggantung (cliffhanger).
4. Re-orientation
Bagian terakhir dari struktur teks narasi (narrative text) ini biasanya berisi kesimpulan, pesan moral
(moral value), atau perubahan watak tokoh di akhir cerita. Reorientation ini sifatnya opsional karena
tidak harus selalu ada pada suatu teks naratif.
Language Features of Narrative Text (Kaidah Kebahasaan Teks Narasi)
1. Menggunakan Simple Past Tense
Narrative text biasanya menggunakan simple past tense karena akan menceritakan peristiwa atau
kisah yang telah terjadi. Dengan begitu, pembaca bisa memahami urutan peristiwa secara jelas, dan
membantu mereka untuk hanyut ke dalam cerita.
Contohnya:
“Once upon a time, in a small village, there lived a kind, generous old man. One day, as he was
walking through the forest, he stumbled upon a giant squash. Amazed, he inched closer.”
(Pada zaman dahulu kala, di sebuah desa kecil, hiduplah seorang pria tua yang baik hati dan
dermawan. Suatu hari, ketika dia sedang berjalan menuju hutan, dia menemukan sebuah labu
raksasa. Terkejut, dia pun mendekat.)
2. Menggunakan Adverb of Time
Adverb of time adalah kata yang memberi keterangan terkait kapan peristiwa terjadi, berapa lama,
dan berapa sering peristiwa itu berlangsung. Pada narrative text, adverb of time membantu
memperjelas konteks urutan peristiwa dalam cerita. Ini memungkinkan pembaca untuk lebih mudah
mengikuti alur cerita dan merasa terbawa masuk ke dalam cerita yang mereka baca.
Contoh adverb of time, antara lain today, yesterday, one day, tomorrow, last year, later, dan
sebagainya. Contoh adverb of time dalam narrative text bisa kamu cek pada potongan teks berikut
ini:
“Early one morning, Sarah decided to go for a jog in the park. As she jogged, the sun began to rise,
casting a golden glow over the trees. Later that day, she met her friends for lunch and shared her
morning adventure with them.”
(Pagi-pagi sekali, Sarah memutuskan untuk jogging di taman. Saat dia jogging, matahari mulai terbit,
menyebarkan cahaya emas di atas pepohonan. Kemudian pada hari itu, dia bertemu teman-
temannya untuk makan siang dan menceritakan petualangan paginya kepada mereka.)
Nah, pada contoh di atas, terdapat beberapa adverb of time, yaitu early one morning, later that day,
yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan urutan peristiwa yang terjadi.
3. Menggunakan Adjective
Adjective adalah kata yang digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan noun (kata benda)
dan pronoun (kata ganti), yang bisa berupa orang, tempat, hewan, benda, warna, bau, atau konsep
abstrak lainnya. Adjective bisa kita sebut juga sebagai kata sifat.
Dalam narrative text, adjective membantu menciptakan cerita yang lebih rinci atau deskriptif.
Dengan begitu, ini akan menstimulasi imajinasi pembaca, sehingga mereka dapat ikut hanyut ke
dalam cerita.
Contohnya:
“The brave knight entered the dark, mysterious forest, ready to face any challenges that lay ahead.”
(Seorang Ksatria yang berani memasuki hutan yang gelap dan misterius, siap menghadapi segala
tantangan yang menantinya.)
Pada contoh ini, terdapat kata sifat berupa brave, dark, dan mysterious, yang memberikan pembaca
gambaran yang lebih jelas tentang kepribadian ksatria serta atmosfer hutan.
4. Menggunakan Noun Phrase
Noun phrase adalah kata-kata yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda. Bisa berupa tempat, orang,
makhluk hidup, dan lain-lain. Nah, sama halnya dengan adjective, noun phrase digunakan untuk
memberi deskripsi yang lebih rinci dari sebuah narrative text.
Contohnya:
“The bright morning sun cast a golden glow on the calm waters of the lake, creating a breathtaking
view.”
(Matahari pagi yang terang melemparkan cahaya emas pada air tenang danau, menciptakan
pemandangan yang memukau.)
Pada contoh teks di atas, terdapat beberapa noun phrases, yaitu the bright morning sun and the
calm waters of the lake, yang membantu memberikan gambaran lebih rinci terkait suasana dan
waktu dalam cerita.
Example of Narrative Text (Contoh Teks Narasi)
The Legend of Mount Batur
A long time ago, there lived on the island of Bali a giant-like creature named Kbo Iwo. The people of
Bali used to say that Kbo Iwo was everything, a destroyer as well as a creator. He was satisfied with
the meal, but this meant for the Balinese people enough food for a thousand men.
Difficulties arose when for the first time the barns were almost empty and the new harvest was still a
long way off. This made Kbo Iwo wild with great anger. In his hunger, he destroyed all of the houses
and even the temples. It made the Balinese turn to rage.
So, they came together to plan steps to oppose this powerful giant by using his stupidity. They asked
Kbo Iwo to build them a very deep well, and rebuild all the houses and temples he had destroyed.
After they fed Kbo Iwo, he began to dig a deep hole.
One day he had eaten too much, he fell asleep in the hole. The oldest man in the village gave a sign,
and the villagers began to throw the limestone they had collected before into the hole. The limestone
made the water inside the hole boiling. Kbo Iwo was buried alive. Then the water in the well rose
higher and higher until at last it overflowed and formed Lake Batur. The mound of earth dug from the
well by Kbo Iwo is known as Mount Batur.
Oke, dari cerita di atas, ada beberapa pertanyaan seputar narrative text yang bisa kamu jawab. Kita
bahas sama-sama, ya.
Contoh Soal Narrative Text
1. Cerita “The Legend of Mount Batur” termasuk jenis narrative text …
A. Mysteries
B. Myth
C. Legend
D. Folktale
Jawab: C
Pembahasan:
The Legend of Mount Batur termasuk dalam cerita legend karena menceritakan asal muasal suatu
tempat, yaitu “Mount Batur” yang belum tentu benar asal usul terbentuknya.
2. Dalam cerita tersebut, paragraf pertama termasuk struktur bagian …
A. Orientation
B. Complication
C. Resolution
D. Reorientation
Jawab: A
Pembahasan:
Paragraf pertama, terdapat penjelasan mengenai tempat kejadian cerita, yaitu pada kalimat “A long
time ago, there lived on the island of Bali a giant-like creature named Kbo Iwo”. Selain itu, ada juga
kalimat yang menjelaskan karakter tokohnya, seperti “Kbo Iwo was everything, a destroyer as well as
a creator“. Oleh karena itu, paragraf pertama merupakan bagian Orientation.
3. Manakah paragraf yang masuk ke dalam Complexion?
A. Paragraf 1
B. Paragraf 2
C. Paragraf 3
D. Paragraf 4
Jawab: B
Pembahasan:
Bagian Complexion ditandai dengan munculnya masalah/permasalahan dalam cerita. Pada paragraf
kedua, dijelaskan bahwa “for the first time the barns were almost empty and the new harvest was
still a long way off.” Persediaan makanan di lumbung kosong, dan musim panen masih sangat lama.
“This made Kbo Iwo wild with great anger. In his hunger, he destroyed all of the houses and even the
temples”. Hal tersebut yang merupakan awal mula masalah terjadi. Kbo Iwo menjadi sangat marah
dan mengahncurkan desa.
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NARRATIVE TEXT DAN SOAL UNTUK DIAGNOSTIC TEST/TEST CYCLE 1/TEST CYCLE 2 (PRE TEST DAN
POST TEST) TEST NARASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS
THE INSTRUMENT FOR DIGNOSTIC TEST
THE PROUD LION
One day, a rat walked past a lion sleeping in deep for est. just then, lion woke up and saw the rat. He
caught it with his paw.
“ What a tasty meal! ” he said.
“ Mr. Lion, King of the Forest,” cried the rat,” please have a pity on me. I’m too small to good meal for
you. If you let me go, I’ll always be grateful to you. Perhaps one day I shall be able to repay you for
your kindness.”
The lion laughed, “how can you ever repay me?”
But since he was not feeling very hungry, he let the rat go.
The next day, the rat heard a loud noise in the forest. He ran to see what it was. It was the lion. He
had failed into a hole in the ground and was caught in a rope net.
The lion looked up and saw the rat. “Mr. Rat,” he called out, “Mr. Rat, please jump down and help
me.”
The rat jumped down into the hole and started to bite through the net. The lion was soon able to
climb out of the hole.
“Mr. Lion,” said the rat, ”yesterday you were very proud. You thought I was small and helpless. Today,
I was able to save your life. I hope you will never forget that, although you are big and strong, even
someone as small as I can help you.”
Answer the question below!
1. What is the main idea of the text above?
2. What did the lion say when he caught he rat?
3. Did the lion let the rat go because he took pity on him or simply because he wasn’t hungry?
4. Did the rat keep his promise to the lion?
5. What was the lion caught in?
6. What did the lion fall into?
7. Make the conclusion of the text base on your own words?
8. How is your prediction outcome of the text above?
THE INSTRUMENT FOR CYCLE I TEST
THREE FISH
Three fish lived in a pond. One evening, some fishermen passed by the pond and saw the fish. ‘This
pond is full of fish’, they told each other excitedly. ‘we have never fished here before. We must come
back tomorrow morning with our nets and catch these fish!’ So saying, the fishermen left.
When the eldest of the three fish heard this, he was troubled. He called the other fish together and
said, ‘Did you hear what the fishermen said? We must leave this pond at once. The fishermen will
return tomorrow and kill us all!’ The second of the three fish agreed. ‘You are right’, he said. ‘We
must leave the pond.’
But the youngest fish laughed. ‘You are worrying without reason’, he said. ‘We have lived in this pond
all our lives, and no fisherman has ever come here. Why should these men return? I am not going
anywhere – my luck will keep me safe’.
The eldest of the fish left the pond that very evening with his entire family. The second fish saw the
fishermen coming in the distance early next morning and left the pond at once with all his family. The
third fish refused to leave even then. The fishermen arrived and caught all the fish left in the pond.
The third fish’s luck did not help him – he was caught and killed.
Answer the question below!
1. Write down the main ideas of each paragraph!
2. Write down the characters and setting of the story!
3. Explain about the orientation or beginning of the story!
4. What is the complication or main problem from the story above!
5. How is your prediction outcome of the test above?
6. List the storyline in chronological order in your own words!
7. What is the end of the story?
8. List the cause effeect of the story above
9. Make the conclusion of the test above based on your own words?
THE INSTRUMENT FOR CYCLE II TEST
THE OLD MAN AND HIS SONS
Once there lived an old man who had many sons, they were always quarrelling with one another and
this made him very sad. He longed to see them live peacefully so he thought up a clever plan to show
them their folly.
He brought home a small bundle of sticks and sent for his sons. He asked his sons. He asked his
youngest son to try and break the bundle, but he could not. Then he asked the rest to try. One by
one, each of them tried, but filed.
Then the old man untied the bundle and asked his sons to try again. They broke the sticks at once.
Now came the time to teach them their lesson. “My sons,” he said, “learn a lesson from these sticks.
You could not break them as long as they were bound together, but the moment they were
separated from one another, they were broken into pieces. In the same way, you will come to no
harm as long as you remain united. But, you will all perish if you are divided.”
I. Answer the question below!
1. What is the main ideas from text above!
2. Why the old man very sad?
3. What the old man made them saw their folly?
4. Who is the He in the second paragraph and them in tkhe last paragraph line 3!
5. Write down in your own words the messages of this story?
II. Write down the list of storyline in chronological order (time order)
III. Find out the messages of story above
IV. List the cause effect relationship of the text above
V. Make a conclusion from the text
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