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KATA PENGHUBUNG DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

Kata penghubung conjunction salah satu unsur kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris yang menghubungkan kata, frasa,
klausa, atau kalimat dalam sebuah paragraf. Ada tiga jenis kata penghubung dalam bahasa Inggris, yaitu:
1. COORDINATING CONJUNCTION
2. CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION
3. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION

COORDINATING CONJUNCTION

Adalah kata penghubung yang menghubungkan kalimat satu dengan yang lainnya yang sederajat. Contoh sbb : For,
And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So yang bisa dihafalkan dengan singkatan FANBOYS.
Berikut ini penjelasannya.
 For : digunakan pada kalimat yang menunjukkan berhubungan sebab akibat .
Contoh kalimat:
You do the the test for me
I’d like a bike for commuting to work..

 And : digunakan untuk menghubungkan kalimat atau kata yang PARAREL.

Contoh kalimat: Park Jimin and Kim Taehyung has a same smartphone.
I have two goldfish and a cat.

I work quickly and careful. ( INCORRECT )

I work quickly and carefully.( CORRECT )
Mary went to the supermarket and bought oranges.
We made pancakes, eggs, and coffee for breakfast.

 But : digunakan pada kalimat yang bertentangan sama sekali atau pengecualian. Kata penghubung ini
berkebalikan dengan kata and.
Contoh kalimat:
Kim Namjoon is lazy people but smart.
My Brother is Really Naughty But Creative
Joonie Is Not My Boyfriend But He Care About Me
I tried to hit the nail but hit my thumb instead.

 Yet : digunakan pada kalimat pengecualian.

Contoh kalimat:
The pen is small, yet the text is big.
I try very hard in school yet I am not receiving good grades.

 So : digunakan pada kalimat yang menandakan akibat atau hasil.

Contoh kalimat: Suga has lived in America, so he can speak English well.

 Or : digunakan pada kalimat yang memberikan dua pilihan. Artinya salah satu pilihan bisa menjadi alternatif.
Contoh kalimat:
You have to choose ice cream vanilla or strawberry.
You Will Choose Me or Him
I Will Buy an Ice Cream or Chocholate
You can have peach ice cream or a brownie sundae.

 Nor : Kata penghubung ini berkebalikan dengan or. Kata penghubung ini memiliki arti maupun dengan makna tidak.
Contoh kalimat: My mother neither cooks nor sweeps.

Dalam coordinating conjuction, ada beberapa peraturan dalam membuat kalimat menggunakan kata penghubung ini.
Diantaranya adalah coordinative conjunction harus diikuti dengan klausa utama. Kemudian kata penghubung diletakkan
di bagian tengah dan tidak boleh memulai sebuah kalimat menggunakan kata penghubung ini.
Kata penghubung ini boleh digunakan untuk memulai kalimat jika kalimat tidak efektif. Jika dengan memulai kalimat
menggunakan kata penghubung menjadi efektif, maka diperbolehkan. Namun hal ini tidak boleh digunakan terlalu
sering.
Contoh:
John play music well, but he cannot sing.
You have to go right now, so you will not miss the bus.
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Coordinating
Conjunction Fungsi Contoh Kalimat Coordinating Conjunction
I had to clean the floor as a punishment for making a
For Menghubungkan sebab pada akibat. mess.
And Menghubungkan ide sekelas dan sama. I like fishing and hunting.
Nor Menghubungkan dua kalimat negatif. She doesn’t eat meat, nor does she drink milk.
Menghubungkan ide sekelas namun
But berbeda. I like to eat fish, but not to catch them.
Or Menghubungkan dua pilihan sekelas. Do you want to drink tea or coffee?
Menghubungkan ide sekelas namun bertolak
Yet belakang. It’s sunny yet cold.
I didn’t get enough sleep last night, so I’m so sleepy right
So Menghubungkan akibat pada sebab. now.

2. Correlative Conjunction
Correlative conjunction ini memiliki fungsi untuk menghubungkan frasa yang memiliki arti atau makna sama dalam
sebuah kalimat. kata penghubung ini dipakai untuk menghubungkan unsur-unsur kalimat antara kata dengan kata, frase
dengan frase, dan klausa dengan klausa.
Penggunaan kata penghubung ini juga memiliki sebuah aturan. Sehingga tidak bisa digunakan secara sembarangan
pada struktur kalimat. Penggunaan kata penghubung ini harus memperhatikan verbs atau kata kerja. Pastikan bahwa
kata kerja yang digunakan sudah tepat.
. Kata penghubung jenis ini selalu berpasangan. Diantaranya adalah:
1. Not only … But Also, : Not Only is He Handsome, But He is Also Smart.
Not only am I finished studying for English, but I’m also finished writing my history essay.
2. Neither … Nor, : Neither the black dress nor the gray one looks right on me.
3. Either…Or, ; . Either Jimin or Taehyung is a Handsome Boy
4. Both...and : I am finished with both my English essay and my history essay. This salad
is both delicious and healthy
5. As / as : Rini is as tall as Tono
6. If / then : If that is the case, then I’m not surprised about what’s happening
7. No sooner / than : No sooner had I put my umbrella away, than it started raining
8. Whether / or : Have you made a decision about whether to go to the movies or not?

Correlative Conjunction Contoh Kalimat Correlative Conjunction

Both … and Both London and Paris are worth to visit.
Not only … but also Japanese food is not only delicious but also beautiful to look at.
Either … or It’s going to rain! Bring either an umbrella or a raincoat.
Neither … nor My grandfather could neither read nor write.
Whether … or I am not sure whether he is lying or not.

Contoh Kalimat Correlative Conjunction

No Contoh Kalimat Correlative Conjunction

1 There are no difference beetwen you and him.

(Tidak ada perbedaan antara dirimu dan dirinya.)

2 She loves both swimming and running.

(Dia suka baik renang maupun lari.)

3 The man is neither handsome nor faithful.

(Pria itu tidak tampan ataupun setia.)

4 Either Nisa or her mother is a scientist.

(Entah Nisa atau ibunya adalah ilmuwan.)

5 I travelled from England to Rome in three days.

(Saya bepergian dari Inggris ke Roma dalam tiga hari.)

6 Hardly had you left the restaurant when the party was started.
(Kamu hampir telah meninggalkan restoran ketika pesta dimulai.)
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7 No sooner did I send the email than the reply came.

(Tidak lama dari saya mengirimkan e-mail balasannya datang.)

8 Scarcely had I finished my work when I went to bed.

(Tak lama setelah saya menyelesaikan pekerjaan, saya tidur.)

9 If you help him now, then he’ll repay oneday.

(Jika kamu menolongnya sekarang, kemudian dia akan membalasnya suatu
hari nanti.)

10 Yuni is not his girl friend but his cousin.

(Yuni bukan pacarnya melainkan sepupunya.)

11 He can drive not only a car but also a helicopter.

(Dia tidak hanya bisa mengemudi mobil tapi juga helikopter.)

12 My parents would rather have lunch in a traditional restaurant than have

lunch in a fast food restaurant.
(Orangtua saya lebih suka makan siang di restoran tradisional daripada di
makan siang di restoran cepat saji.)

13 The more we learn grammar, the less we face difficulties in writing.

(Semakin banyak kita mempelajari grammar, semakin sedikit kita menghadapi
kesulitan-kesulitan didalam menulis.)

14 The more you give alms to others, the more you get rewards from God.
(Semakin banyak kamu memberi sedekah kepada orang lain, semakin banyak
kamu mendapat imbalan dari Tuhan.)

15 It doesn’t matter whether you win or (you) lose.

(Tidak masalah kamu menang atau kalah.)

3. Subordinating Conjunction
Kata sambung ini digunakan untuk menghubungkan anak kalimat dengan induk kalimat. Penggunaan kata
penghubung ini juga memiliki beberapa aturan sbb “
a) digunakan untuk menegaskan klausa independet yaitu anak kalimat.
b) Digunakannuntuk memberikan transisi antara dua ide dalam satu kalimat.

Subordinating conjunction merupakan kata pertama dalam dependent clause. Conjunction ini digunakan untuk tiga jenis
klausa, yaitu:

Adverb Clause
Fungsi Subordinating Conjunction Contoh Kalimat Subordinating Conjunction
After After I enlisted my email, I sat tight for 3 minutes and get my record
As, Just as Just as we left, he came
As long as I waited as long as I could
As soon as As soon as I came home , my mother was surprised.
Before Before he leaves, make sure his room is clean
Since Since she had a sweetheart, she began to overlook her companion.
I can stay out until the clock strikes twelve
Until
When the doorblell rang, my brother speak loudly
When don’t forget to call whenever you get home
Whenever while I was watching TV, she called me.
Waktu While
Where Mary stay at the hotel where it is the place for the meeting .
Wherever I like to shop wherever there is a sale
Anywhere I will follow you anywhere you go
Tempat Everywhere You may stay everywhere you thinkk enjoyable

Cara As, Just as I love wearing make-up as most women do

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As if He plays a guitar as if he were a guitarist

As though Yanti danced on the stage as though she had become professional
dancer
Jarak As + adverb + as We will hike as far as we can before it turns dark
Frekuensi As often as I call my parents as often as I can
Sebab As I can’t take evening class since I work at night.
Because
Since
So that
Tujuan In order that He moves so that his home is not too far from his office.
So + adjective + that
So + adverb + that
Such a(n) + noun + that I was so tired last night that I fell asleep at dinner.
So much/many/little/few + She talked so softly that I cannot hear her voice.
Akibat noun + that It was such an easy test that all students got A’s.
If
Kondisi Unless We won’t go diving unless the weather is better.
Although
Partial Even though
Contrast Though I love my brother though we always have different opinions.
While
Perbedaan Whereas My brother likes hard rock, while I prefer classical music.
Adjective Clause

Fungsi Conjunction Contoh Kalimat

Who
Menunjuk kepada Whom They didn’t approve the man whom my sister married.
orang Whose An orphan is a child whose parents are dead.
Menunjuk kepada Which
orang atau benda That My new phone which I bought yesterday stopped working.
Menunjuk kepada When
waktu dan tempat Where An orphanage is a place where orphans live.
Noun Clause

Fungsi Conjunction Contoh Kalimat

That clauses That Do you believe that there’s life is outer space?
Whether
Whether or not
Whether… or not
If I can’t remember whether I locked the door.
If/whether clauses If… or not I can’t remember if I locked the door.
Who, whoever, whom
Which, what, where
When, why, how
How much, how many Do you know where the bus station is?
Question clauses How long, how often, etc He didn’t care how long he had to wait.

Conjunctive Adverb
Digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua independent clause.
Fungsi Conjunction Contoh Kalimat
Also
Besides
Futhermore
In addition
Menambah ide yang sama Moreover I’m a student; also, I work at coffee shop.
However
Nevertheless
Menambah kelanjutan Nonetheless I can’t cook very well; however, I make quite good
yang tak diduga Still omelettes.
In contrast
Menambah perbedan On the other hand Sarah is ambitious; in contrast, her brother is quite lazy.

Menambah akibat As a result

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Consequently
Therefore
Thus Joh’s lazy; thus, he gets C in Math class.
Membuat list sesuai urutan Meanwhile
waktu Afterward
Then
Subsequently I went to supermarket; then, I went home.
Our identity can be identified by several aspects; for
For example example, we can define ourselves by mentioning our
Memberi contoh For instance physical appearance.
Similarly Surabaya has hot weather; similarly, Jakarta’s average
Memperlihatkan kesamaan Likewise temperature is 34oC.
Memperlihatkan Instead
pernyataan kedua yang On the contrary They planned to go to Bali; instead, they went to
benar Rather Lombok.
Alternatively You can live in a dorm of campus; alternatively, you can
Memberi kemungkinan lain On the other hand rent a room off campus.
Otherwise Identity is the answer of the question ‘Who are you?’; in
other words, identity is the way that we use to represent
Menambah penjelasan ourselves.
Membuat pernyataan yang Indeed
lebih kuat In fact Berries are common fruits; indeed, people love berries.

The following exercises will help you gain greater understanding about how conjunctions work. Choose the best answer
to complete each sentence.
1. My brother loves animals. He just brought a puppy __________ a kitten home with him.
A. But B. Or C. Yet D. And

2. I’d like to thank you ______ the lovely gift.

A. Or B. For C. And D. Yet

3. I want to go for a hike _____ I have to go to work today.

A. But B. Yet C. Or D. For

4. They do not smoke, _____ do they play cards.

A. And B. Or C. Nor D. Yet

5. I’m getting good grades _________ I study every day.

A. Or B. Yet C. But D. Because

6. _______ being very rich, he never shows off.

a. Other than c. Instead b. Despite d. Otherwise

2. I am not feeling well,_____________I will come to the party.

a. because c. Since b. however d. Unless

3. _____________ I had my lunch, I didn’t miss Pizza.

a. Although c. Finally b. Moreover d. Already

4. She never helps anyone _________ having a lot of money.

a. otherwise c. inspite of b. however d. Instead

5. You shouldn’t go out __________ it’s raining heavily.

a. for c. Because b. already d. But

6. My mother _______ I went to the market for shopping.

a. or c. Either b. neither d. And

7. Thomas was not telling the truth. ________ he was shouting at me.
a. Provided c. Although b. Moreover d. In order to

8. Please come on time, _________ we may miss the flight.

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a. otherwise c. So b. therefore d. But

9. We should avoid oily food ____________ be healthy.

a. finally c. consequentlyb. in order to d. For

10.I will give you my car _____________ you come back before 5’o clock.
a. as c. Although b. because d. Provided

11. ___________my mother was sleeping, I prepared tea on my own.

a. As c. Besides b. Unless d. Despite

12. He apologised _______ his bad behavior.

a. for c. Since b. because d. As

13. He was satisfied ________ not overjoyed.

a. yet c. As b. but d. Still

14. ___________ his sister, he is very naughty.

a. Likely c. Unlike b. Similar d. Differently

15. After months of studying hard, Meeta ____________ cleared IAS examination.
a. initially c. Consequently b. therefore d. Finally

16. ____________ it is very cold there, we have postponed our visit.

a. Since c. Due to b. Yet d. Because of

17. Radha knows French; ______________, we have selected her to head our operations in France.
a. therefore c. Moreover b. otherwise d. Provided

18. Mohan worked very sincerely and was ______________ promoted.

a. yet c. Although b. besides d. Consequently

19. ____________ my family, I will also invite my close friends on my anniversary.

a. Aside c. Besides b. Despite d. In spite of

20. She has some shoes, ... none of them are comfortable for brisk walking.
a. and B. But C. Nor D. So

21. Ones can't eat their cake ... have it too.

A. and B. But C. Nor D. Or

22. I want to know how customers decide to buy ... not to buy a new car.
A. and B. Nor C. Or D. Yet

23. I lent my friend $10 yesterday, ... her wallet was lost.
A. and B. But C. For D. So

24. My brother and I visited the zoo last week, ... we took some photos.
A. and B. But C. For D. Yet

25. The candidate didn't show up for the interview, ... the HR manager crossed her off the list.
A. and B. But C. So D. Yet

26. Bobby really hates cold water, ... he attends swimming lesson twice a week in the morning.
A. and B. For C. So D. Yet

27. My employer refused to accept my resignation, ... did he raise my salary.

A. but B. Nor C. So D. Yet

28. I want to buy a new car, ... I'm planning to trade in my current car.
A. but B. For C. Nor D. So

29. Our new classmate is not bad; …, he’s very kind.

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A. furthermore B. rather

30. The more you prepare yourself for the Job Interview, … stress you may feel.
A. the more B. the less

31. Neither Indah … her friends ate lunch here yesterday.

A. nor B. Or

32. To stay … to leave your job is your prerogative.

A. nor B. Or

33. It wasn’t my will, … yours.

A. but also B. But

34. Kim eats many egg whites before work out … he wants to gain weight.
A. because B. so that

35. … you gave him 10 great reasons to never give up, he wouldn’t listen.
A. even though B. As

36. Sammy had someone handle her passport … he went to abroad.

[Link] B. Before

37. The used car is very cheap; … , I want to buy it.

A. however B. Therefore

38. The weather was cold, … Bobby wore a jacket and gloves.
A. yet B. So

39. Whales, dolphins, and walruses are ... fish ... mammals.
A. not ... but B. not only ... but also

40. Lia and I discussed ... to attend the meeting ... have a representative attend in our place.
A. between ... or B. whether ... or

41. ... had hotel housekeeper left ... the guests entered the room.
A. hardly ... than B. no sooner ... than

42. The more you smile, ... you will get positive reactions from others.
A. the less B. the more

43. Neither the woman ... her daughter has a posititive attitude.
A. nor B. Or

44. I would like to try both the classic tiramisu ... creamy cheesecake recipes.
A. or B. And

45. She would rather wash clothes by hand ... use a dishwasher.
A. to B. Than

46. Choosing between staying at home ... working full-time were not easy for her.
A. and B .to

47. Do you know the distance from Earth ... Mars?

A. and B. To

48. You can either wear open-toe sandals ... shoes to work at the office.
A. or B. Nor

[Link] to play a musical instrument often motivates a child to be disciplined and focused,______it can impart a
feeling of social worth.
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]

2._____the bad weather, he still chooses to go by air plane

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[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]

[Link] play performed by theather EMWE was good,_____it could have been improved by adding the sound effects.
[Link] [Link] [Link] if [Link]

[Link] continued playing game____he heard his mother calling

[Link] [Link] soon as [Link] [Link]

[Link] farmers exterminate rodents in their farmland____they damage the crops

[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]

6._____the global economy crisis, many labors lost their job.

[Link] of [Link] [Link] [Link] spite of

[Link] is generally considered unwise to give a child_____he or she wants

[Link] [Link] that [Link] is it [Link]

[Link] there are many complaints about the new products, the company____the products now.
[Link] recalling [Link] [Link] [Link] recalled

10.Before_____they used horse-drawn wooden carts

[Link] have had tractors [Link] owned by farmers
[Link] tractors [Link] had tractors

1. I am going to go to the river _____ lake tomorrow morning.

a. or b. But c. And d. So

2. I am hungry _____ I eat.

a. so b. But c. And d. Or

3. You have to study hard _____ you cannot pass the examination.
a. or b. So c. And d. But

4. Let’s watching a movie _____ going outside! I am bored.

a. or b. But c. And d. So

5. Do you like pizza _____ hamburger?

a. or b. But c. So d. And

6. I am thirsty _____ I don’t want to eat.

a. or b. So c. But d. And

7. She can wait for you _____ just for a while.

a. or b. But c. And d. So

8. Are you busy in this weekend _____ already have a plan?

a. but b. Or c. And d. So

9. Can you take the pen on the table _____ bring it to me?
a. or b. But c. So d. And

10. I have dieted _____ my body is still fat.

a. but b. Or c. So d. And

1. If they had informed us about the exam, we_____better score

a. Had got b. Would get c. Would had got d. would have got

2. Unless they____us in doing the assignment, we wouldn’t have finished the assignment on time.
a. Helped b. Had helped c. Didn’t help d. hadn’t helped

3. Had the rescue team arrived immediately, there wouldn’t be many victims of the Landslide.
A. Arrived B. Immediately C. Be D. Many
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4. Bats can find their preys in the darkness…their very keen eyesights
A. So that B. Therefore C. Because D. because of

5. The government has revised their policy on taxes and expenses____the economic condition is slowing down.
A. As a result B. Therefore C. Because D. because of

6. Because hard pressure of the global economic condition, the government has issued several policies to handle the
situation
A. Because B. Economic C. Has D. Handle

7. Andy bought not only a new car…..

A. And also a new house B. But a new house C. Nor a new house D. But also a new house

8. Not only the passangers but also the pilot of the helicopter ….in the crash last night
A. Are saved B. Wasn’t saved C. was saved

9. neither Indah … her friends ate lunch here yesterday.

A. Nor B. Or C. No D. Not E. Got

[Link] are ….. two ….. three Baltic states: Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.
A. Not,but B. Either,or [Link],nor D. Not only,but also E. Both, and

11.…… Norway …… Switzerland is in the European Union.

A. Not,but B. Either,or C. Neither,nor D. Not only,but also E. Both, and

12.……. is he a professional footballer, …. he’s …. a successful businessman.

A. Not,but B. Either,or C. Neither,nor D. Not only,but also E. Both, and

[Link] can go to ….. Greece …. Spain for our holiday.

A. Not,but B. Either,or C. Neither,nor D. Not only,but also E. Both, and
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Correlative Conjunctions Exercises

1. I like __________ to sing opera, _______________ to spend my spare time practicing ballroom dances.
A. not only / but also B. whether / or C. neither / nor D. not / but
2. The test was ____________ very short __________ quite easy.
A. not / but B. both / and C. whether / or D. scarcely / when
3. ______________ Joe _______ his sisters could understand what their parents were saying when they spoke French.
A. Whether / or B. No sooner / than C. Rather / than D. Neither / nor
1. She is tired … she works really hard.
a. Neither … nor b. And c. For d. Nor

2. Aji doesn’t smoke, … drink.

a. Neither … nor b. And c. For d. Nor

3. I love watching drama … action movies.

a. And b. But c. Or d. Yet

4. Mia likes cakes … hates cookies.

a. And b. But c. Or d. Yet

5. We can eat pizza … steak for dinner.

a. And b. But c. Or d. Yet

6. He is sick, … he is working.
a. And b. But c. Or d. Yet

7. Jim was hungry, … he ate all burger.

a. So b. And c. After d. Since

8. They eat … watch television at the same time.

a. So b. And c. After d. Since

9. We are going to the beach … we finish taking the exam.

a. So b. And c. After d. Since

10. I would go to my friend’s party, … I have a lot of homework.

a. Nevertheless b. Therefore c. Whereas d. While
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11. Many students failed in the mid test, … you should study hard.
a. Nevertheless b. Therefore c. Whereas d. While

12. Toni doesn’t like wasting his money … he has a lot of money.
a. Nevertheless b. Therefore c. Whereas d. While

13. … I was eating fried chicken, my little sister came.

a. Nevertheless b. Therefore c. Whereas d. While

14. Diah is very smart, … the teacher likes her.

a. So b. Yet c. Or d. But

15. Thomas says nice words, … you don’t trust him.

a. So b. Yet c. Or d. But

16. Does Ben have any brothers … sisters?

a. So b. Yet c. Or d. But

17. I have got a home, … I haven’t got a car.

a. So b. Yet c. Or d. But

18. … my father … my mother supported me.

a. Neither … nor b. And c. For d. Nor

19. Please calm down. Let’s wait … see.

a. Neither … nor b. And c. For d. Nor

20. . … we have lived in Paris, we have gone to every exhibit at the museum.
a. So b. And c. After d. Since