TASK RISK ASSESMENT
WHAT FAILURE PREVENTION?
RISK REDUCTION PROGRAM
INSTRUCTOR COURSE
VULNERABILITY/KERENTANAN
INTERNAL Natural factors
1 Overnight,Circumstancies,
environment, climate, high wind,
distraction
TECHNICAL FAILURES 2
Technology factors
Equipment Limitation, Corrosion ,
design failure, construction
defects,degradation
EXTERNAL
EXTERNAL
Human factors
3 Noncompliance,Misprocedures,Unproper
task,Thirdparty damages, poor maintenance,
modification, override, e, droped object,
Behaviour
SAFETY PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT
Technology
and
standards
NO Item % Penurunan Kecelakaan Kerja
Incident Rate
HSE
Management
Systems 1 Behavior Base Safety 59.6
2 Enginering Change 29
3 Government Action 18.3
4 Audit SM SHE 17
Culture 5 Poster Campaign 14
6 Nearmiss Report 0
Time Contoh di AS
Profit = Revenue – Expenses - Avoidable Losses
C Revenue
B
Profit
D
Expenses
X1 X2 X3
Avoidable Losses
Prevention Cost vs Failure Cost
PENGELOLAAN RISIKO K3
1. Kepemimpinan & Akuntabilitas
2. Kebijakan & Sasaran
3. Organisasi, Tanggung Jawab, Sumber Daya, Standar & Dokumentasi
4. Manajemen Risiko: Identifikasi Risiko / Evaluasi Risiko
5. Perencanaan & Prosedur
Konsekuensi
Tinggi Frekuensi
PLAN Rendah
Risiko yang
tidak dapat
ditolerir
Konsekuensi Keadaan
Keselamatan Kerja
4. Manajemen DO 4. Manajemen
Risiko: Berkelanjutan Risiko:
Manajemen Sisa Pengendalian
Risiko Risiko
ACT Perbaikan
8. Tinjauan 6. Implementasi &
Pengendalian Keselamatan Kerja
Operasional Risiko yang
dapat
ditolerir
Konsekuensi
CHECK
Rendah
Frekuensi Tinggi
4. Manajemen Risiko:
Pemantauan Risiko
7. Jaminan Pemantauan, Kemungkinan Terjadi
Pengukuran, & Audit
BAHAYA
RISIKO
Sumber energi , situasi atau tindakan yang
Kombinasi dari kemungkinan terjadinya
berpotensi menciderai manusia atau sakit
kejadian berbahaya atau paparan dengan
penyakit atau kombinasi dari semuanya
keparahan suatu cidera atau penyakit yang
dapat disebabkan oleh kejadian atau
paparan tersebut
(OHSAS 18001:2007 klausul 3.6)
(OHAS 18001: 2007 Klausul 3.21)
RISK
Rizk (arab) : an unexpected gift from heaven
Webster : possibility dari loss, injury,
disadvantage atau kerusakan
IEC/TC56 (AS/NZS 3931) :
Kombinasi dari frekuensi atau
probability kejadian dan
konsekuensi dari suatu hazard.
AS/NZS 4360 1995 :
peluang sesuatu terjadi yang
akan berpengaruh terhadap
tujuan.
Resiko terukur dari kemungkinan
terjadi & konsekuensi yg
ditimbulkan
Most Lost Time Accidents have a « behavioral » cause
Procedure External Cause Equipment
7% 4% 6%
Behavior
83%
Behavior of the injured person
Behavior of the management/organization
Impacts the behavior of the injured employee
Can create unsafe conditions
9
PENGENDALIAN RISIKO
Policy Inspection ITPM MOE Stabilize
HIRA TRA
Standard & COP
Material defect Ventilations Rescue & evacuation Damage assessment
PTWS Disposal Policy Wind shock ERP/MERP Investigation
Personel Certification Delution Refugee /abandon Mgt review
Management system Hazardous area
EVENT
PREVENTION
MITIGATION
DETECTION
CONRTROL
RECOVERY
Potensi
Penurunan
Kerugian
TEKNIK DAN METODA RA MENURUT DAUR HIDUP SISTEM
GAMBARAN UMUM:
SAFETY REVIEW, CHECK LIST, RELATIF
RANKING, PRELIMINARY HAZARDS
ANALYSIS, WHAT IF
GAMBARAN RINCI
WHAT IF, CHECK LIST, HAZOPS,
FMEA
GAMBARAN LEBIH RINCI
FAULT TREE ANALYSIS, EVENT
TREE ANALYSIS
CAUSE CONSEQUECE ANALYSIS,
HUMAN RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
PENILAIAN RESIKO KERJA (OCCUPATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT)
WHAT WHEN WHO
Level 1 Occupational Risk Assessment ➢ Significant hazard is identified
e.g. TRIC/TRA/JSA/TBRA ➢ Only require broad overview Competence Person and
➢ Control measures is going to be
identified
Performing Authorities
➢ Potential for conflicting work
Level 2 Occupational Risk Assessment ➢ Recent history of incidents Team leader should be
e.g. Model Risk Assessment ➢ Stakeholder concerns
➢ Regulatory requirements competent persons who
➢ Hazards not well identified has followed specific Risk
➢ Higher approval level is Assessment
required
➢ Risk level is potential causing
multiple fatalities or catastrophic Persons having
Level 3 Occupational Risk Assessment environment damage competencies of
e.g. Full Risk Assessment, QRA ➢ Regulatory requirement
➢ Company requirement conducting QRA
➢ Technical or Complex operations
ANALISA
KUALITATIF
Metode ini menganalisa dan menilai suatu
risiko dengan cara membandingkan terhadap
suatu deskripsi/uraian dari parameter (peluang
dan akibat) yang [Link] metode
matriks dipakai.
ANALISA SEMIKUALITATIF
Metode ini pada prinsipnya hampir sama dengan
analisa kualitatif, perbedaannya pada metode ini
uraian/deskripsi dari parameter yang ada dinyatakan
dengan nilai/score tertentu.
Metode penilaian ini dilakukan dengan
menentukan nilai dari masing-masing ANALISA KUANTITATIF
parameter yang didapat dari hasil analisa
data-data yang representatif.
Lain-lain
Tertimpa
Terpapar Listrik
Terjepit
Terjatuh
[Link] mana paling aman digunakan Pesawat atau Mobil ?
[Link] yang sering kita dengar terjadi kecelakaan ,
pesawat atau mobil ?
Consequence
Tindakan segera Tanggung jawab dari Top Manajemen
Perhatian dari Top Manajemen Dikelola dengan prosedure rutin
( Inspeksi )
Page 17
HIRARKI PENGENDALIAN RISIKO K3
MOST Eliminate –
1
Eliminate the hazard
EFFECTIVE Eliminate
Substitute –
Use processes or methods with lower risk impack 2
ENGINEERING / Substitute
DESIGN Isolation / Separatetion
CONTROL Segnegat hazars and or targets 3
Isolate/Separate
Engineered Sefeguards -
PREVENTION Design to prevent anwanted event 4
ADMINISTRATIVE Engineer RECOVERY Design to mitigate harmful consequences
/ PROCEDURAL
CONTROL Organisational Controls -
5
Organisation Training, Competency,
Communication
Procedural Controls -
PERSONAL Procedure Operating procedures, Work instructions, Permits Maintenance regimes 6
Emergency Response procedures
PROTECTIVE s
EQUIPMENT Personal Protective Equipment
PP Protect the person 7
E
LEAST
EFFECTIVE
WORKING AT HEIGHT RISK REDUCTION PROGRAM
1. Program pengendalian pekerjaan berbahaya melalui sistem dokumentasi
2. Menjelaskan akuntabilitas peran dalam pekerjaan pada ketinggian
3. Dapat terjalin kerja sama yang baik antara pekerja dan pemberi perintah kerja.
4. Memberikan panduan keselamatan pada aktifitas pekerjaan yang complex
5. Memastikan mutu K3
Hazard ‘hard’ barriers ‘soft’ barriers
Reduction
accident
hazard
or loss
Physical generic people’s
controls
procedures systems behaviors AS
1
Contoh : eq critical element
Page 20
Total Safety Approach
SAFETY TRIAD : 3 Critical Components PERSON
Knowledge, Skills, Abilities,
Inteligence, Motives,
Attitude, Personality
P
e
Engineering
be
Controls
BEHAVIOR
Putting on PPE, EQ maintainance , Following
procedures,Intervention, Cleaning up & House
keeping, Coaching peers
TRAINING
COACHING
proactive
COACH Toolkit 2 • habbits
Antecedent
Anything which precedes and triggers Behavior generative
reactive calculative
Behavior • embeded
patological
An Observable Act
Consequences
Anything which directly follows from the Behavior
Risk Assessment Matrix (RAM)
Consequences Likelihood
A B C D E
Environment
Severity
Reputation
Never heard Heard of in Has Has Has
People
Assets
of in the the industry happened happened at happened
industry in location or >1/yr in the
Organizatio >1/yr in the location
n or >1/yr Organization
in the
industry
No injury or No damage
0 health effect (0 $)
No effect No impact
Slight injury Slight
1 or health damage Slight effect Slight impact
effect (<10k $)
Minor injury Minor
Minor
2 or health damage Minor effect
impact
effect (>10k $)
Major injury Moderate
Moderate Moderate
3 or health damage
effect impact
effect (>100k $)
PTD or up to Major
Manor
4 3 fatalities damage Major effect
impact
(>1M $)
Massive
More than 3 Massive Massive
5 fatalities
damage
effect impact
(>10M $)
Page 23
FAKTOR FAKTOR DALAM RISK REDUCTION
1. Elemen Risiko
2. Resolusi dari elemen Risiko
3 Risk indicators.
4. Pengukuran RR.
5. Analisa Risk
o Probabilistic
o non-probabilistic (NP) or probabilistic (P).
Contoh TRA form
No : Lokasi : PENGENDALIAN RESIKO TINDAKAN Hal :
Aktifitas : TASK RISK ASSESSMENT (TRA)
Residual Risk
Recommendation
Akibat yang dapat Pengendalian Risk Control
No Tindakan Bahaya Alat yang terlibat
terjadi/diderita Resiko P S RR P S RR
TRA Committee : Tanda Tangan/Signature Mengetahui : Tanda Tangan/Signature
Tanggal/date : Tanggal/date :
EVALUASI RESIKO KUANTITATIF
HUBUNGAN ALARP – DENGAN RESIKO KELOMPOK
F-N Curves Criteria
Unacceptable region
Tolerability region
Broadly
acceptable
region
EVALUASI RESIKO KUANTITATIF
Kriteria Risiko Individu (Individual Risk = IR), yaitu risiko yang dialami oleh seorang
1 individu dalam waktu / periode tertentu (biasanya dinyatakan dalam risiko
kematian per-tahun). Contoh IR dari HSE UK Executive tersedia di bawah ini:
KRITERIA IR TERHADAP PEKERJA IR TERHADAP PUBLIK
1.0 E-03 1 kematian setiap 1.0 E-03 1 kematian setiap
Batas Atas kematian/tahun 1,000 tahun kematian/tahun 10,000 tahun
1.0 E-06 1 kematian setiap 1.0 E-06 1 kematian setiap
Batas Bawah kematian/tahun 1,000,000 tahun kematian/tahun 1,000,000 tahun