English conversation

module
-Beginner level-

IMPROVE YOUR SPEAKING AND GRAMMAR

LESSON 1
PERSONAL PRONOUNs
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Apa itu personal pronouns?
Personal pronouns (kata ganti nama/orang) menerangkan suatu nama, baik itu nama orang
maupun nama benda secara spesifik.
Person menunjukan tiga kemungkinan orang dalam pembicaraan. Person dibagi menjadi 3:

 1st person (orang pertama) yakni orang yang berbicara.

 2nd person (orang kedua) yakni orang yang diajak bicara.
 3rd person (orang ketiga) yakni orang/benda yang dibicarakan.

Number menunjukan jumlah dari orang atau benda tersebut. Number dibagi menjadi 2:

 Singular (Tunggal)
 Plural (Jamak)

Gender menunjukan jenis dari orang atau benda tersebut. Gender dibagi menjadi 3:

 Masculine (Laki-laki)
 Feminine (Perempuan)
 Neuter (Netral) biasanya nama benda, hewan, tumbuhan.

Case menunjukan penggunaan kata ganti tersebut dalam kalimat. Case dibagi menjadi 2:

 Subject (Subjek)
 Object (Objek)

Case
Number Person Gender
Subject To be Object
1st Masculine/Feminine I am Me
2nd Masculine/Feminine You are You
Singular Masculine He is Him
3rd Feminine She is Her
Neuter It is It
           
1st Masculine/Feminine We are Us
2nd Masculine/Feminine You are You
Plural Masculine
3rd Feminine They are Them
Neuter

Examples :

Penggunaan personal pronouns

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Sebagai SUBJEK (SUBJECT)

I (Saya)
I am a teacher. (Saya adalah seorang guru)
I read a book every day. (Saya membaca sebuah buku setiap hari)

You (Kamu)
You are smart. (Kamu pintar)
You read a book every day. (Kamu membaca sebuah buku setiap hari)

He (Dia Laki-Laki)
He is my friend. (Dia adalah temanku)
He brings a coffee. (Dia membawa sebuah buku)

She (Dia Perempuan)

She is a secretary. (Dia adalah seorang sekretaris)
She reads a book every day. (Dia membaca sebuah buku setiap hari)

It (Dia Benda)
It is my pen. (Ini pena saya)
It doesn’t matter. (Itu tidak masalah )

We (Kita/Kami)
We are very happy. (Kami sangat bahagia)
We have a good plan. (Kami memiliki sebuah rencana yang baik)

You (Kalian)
You are amazing. (Kalian luar biasa)
You can go home. (Kalian bisa pulang)

They (Mereka)
They are very famous. (Mereka sangat terkenal)
They live here. (Mereka tinggal disini)

Sebagai OBJEK (OBJECT)

Me (Saya)
Benny is waiting for me. (Benny sedang menunggu saya)
Please answer me. (Tolong jawab saya)

You (Kamu)
Benny is waiting for you. (Benny sedang menunggu kamu)
I can answer you. (Aku bisa menjawab mu)

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Him (Dia Laki-Laki)
Benny is waiting for him. (Benny sedang menunggu dia)
Talk to him. (Bicara padanya)

Her (Dia Perempuan)

Benny is calling her. (Benny sedang memanggilnya)
Benny wants to talk to her. (Saya ingin bicara padanya)

It (Dia Benda) contoh: Pen

I bring it every day. (Saya membawa pulpen itu setiap hari)
I put it on the table. (Saya meletakkan nya diatas meja)

Us (Kami/kita)
She comes to us. (Dia datang pada kami)
Don’t make us waiting. (Jangan buat kami menunggu)

You (Kalian)
I am waiting for you. (Saya sedang menunggu kalian)
Teacher will call you. (Guru akan menghubungi kalian)

Them (Mereka)
Benny is waiting for them. (Benny sedang menunggu mereka)
Mr. Mathew brings them here. (Pak Mathew membawa mereka kesini)

EXERCISE :

A. Choose the correct alternative.

1. I went with   (she/ her) to see   (they/ them).

2.   (We/ Us) will all come together with   (he/ him).

3. Some letters have come from   (she/ her) for   (I/ me).

4.   (They, Them) told   (I/ me) many things about   (he / him).

5.   (I/ Me) thought it was   (he/ him) coming to see   (I/ me).

6. Mr Smith and   (i, me) he/him are great friends.

7.   (I/ me) must see   (she/ her).

8.   (She/ Her) wants to see   (I/ me).

9.   (He/Him) came here with   (we/ us).

10. He took   (she/ her) to the pictures 

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B. Choose the correct alternative

 1. It was   (she, her) who said this, not   (I, me). 

2.   (He, Him) knows much more English than me. 

3. Are you talking about   (we, us) or about   (they, them)? 

4. Between, you and   (I, me),   (I, me) am more afraid of       (she, her)

than of   (he, him). 

5. It was   (he, him) I was talking to, not   (she, her). 

6. Let   (we, us) all go to the pictures except   (she, her), since   

(she, her) is so tired. 

7. Why should   (I, me) do it for   (they, them)?   (I, me) don't even speak

to   (they, them). 

8.   (I, me) don't know if   (he, him) is stronger than me. 

9. Nobody could answer   (he, him) except   (I, me). 

10. Please help   (we, us) to carry   (she, her),   (she, her) has had an

accident.

LESSON 2
POSSESIVE PRONOUNs
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Possessive pronouns memiliki arti “…show that something belongs to someone”. Secara
sederhana, possessive pronoun merupakan kata ganti yang berfungsi untuk menunjukkan
kepemilikan. Possesive pronouns selalu diikuti oleh kata benda (noun).

Tak hanya itu, ada juga bentuk independen dari kata ganti tersebut.

Apa sih bentuk independen? Bentuk independen merupakan kata ganti yang dapat berdiri
sendiri tanpa tambahan kata benda di belakangnya.

Personal
Possessive Possessive
Number Person pronoun
Adjective Pronouns
Subject Object
1st I Me My mine
2nd You You Your yours
Singular He Him His his
3rd She Her Her hers
It It Its Its
           
1st We Us Our ours
Plural 2nd You You Your yours
3rd They Them Their theirs

Examples :

 This is my book. This is mine.

 Your teacher is the same teacher as his teacher. Yours is the same as his.
 Her dress is blue and my dress is pink. Hers is blue and mine is pink.
 I forgot my homework. I forgot mine.

A Common Mistake: Its vs. It’s

Incorrect : The boat lost it’s mast in the storm.
Correct : The boat lost its mast in the storm.

Incorrect : Don’t judge a book by it’s cover.

Correct : Don’t judge a book by its cover.

EXERCISE

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A. Fill in the possessives referring to the person or thing mentioned before to
complete the following sentences.
 1. I want to change   my/ your/ our job. 
2. As you make   your/ their/ her bed, so you must lie in it. 
3. Mark claims this book to be   hers/ his.
4. Peter cleaned  your/ his teeth and went to bed. 
5. She is so fat.   their/ her figure is awful. 
6. I don't think this umbrella is   mine/ yours. 
7. The two countries have recently exchanged   theirs / their ambassadors. 
8. We are going to spend   ours/ our holidays at the seaside. 
9. This can't be Stella's signature.   Her / Hers/ His is quite different. 
10. He beats   my/ his/ their brains about the incident. 
11. Everything is in   it/ its/ your place, I hope? 
12. The man sold   his / her/ their house in January. 
13. 'Milan, don't use this towel, please. It isn't   his/ your/ yours.'
14. They've broken  your/ their/ theirs engagement. 
15. They say that the picture is   theirs/ their
16. He got the trouble off   hers/ his chest. 
17. Every dog has   it/ its/ his/ her day. 
18. Our dog didn't like   your/ his/ its new collar. 
19. A bad workman always blames   his/ their/ your tools. 
20. Is it possible you've said anything like that? Is the statement in today’s press
really   yours/ your? 

B. Please introduce yourself and describe your family by using personal

pronouns and possessive pronouns.

C. Practise this short conversation with the group member.

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A : Hello, What is your name?
B : My name is Jhon. It is nice to meet you.
A : It is nice to meet you too. Where are you from?
B : I am from Indonesia
A : Where do you live?
B : I live in Batam
A : How long have you been living in Batam?
B : I’ve been living in Batam since 5 years ago.
A : What do you do for life?
B : I work as a teacher.
A : Hong long have you been working as a teacher?
B : I’ve been working as a teacher for 5 years
A : Are you married or single?
B : I am still single
A : How many members do you have in your family?
B : I have parents, 1 brother and 2 sisters.

LESSON 3
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 Simple present tense

Simple Present Tense merupakan tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan fakta (fact),
kebiasaan/sifat (habit), kebenaran umum (general truth), situasi yang permanen (permanent
situation).
Dalam mengenali kalimat simple present tense, dapat dilihat dari keterangan waktunya. Maka
keterangan waktu yang biasa digunakan pada simple present tense adalah sebagai berikut:

Always : Selalu Never : Tidak pernah

Usually : Biasanya 3 times a day : 3 kali sehari
Sometimes : Kadang-kadang 3 days a week : 3 hari per minggu
Often : Sering Once a month : Sebulan sekali
Seldom : Jarang Everyday : Setiap hari

Sebelum memulai dengan contoh contoh kalimat Simple Present Tense kita akan bahas dulu
rumusnya yang dibagi atas tiga kalimat dasar.
A. Present Tense dengan adjective/noun

Subject + to be (is/am/are) + adjective/noun

Contoh :
I am a teacher
The boys are so noisy.
This place is clean.
The president of Indonesia is Joko Widodo

B. Present Tense dengan Kata kerja

Untuk membentuk kalimat tense ini, biasanya digunakan kata kerja bentuk dasar atau Verb 1.
Kecuali untuk kata ganti orang ketiga, menggunakan Verb 1 + s/es.

Subject + verb 1 (-s/-es/ies) + object

Bentuk spelling kata kerja pada orang ketiga (She, He, It), tergantung dari akhiran kata kerja
(verb) tersebut.
1. Untuk kata kerja yang berakhiran -O, -CH, -SH, -X, atau -Z, tambahkan -ES.
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  go – goes
 catch – catches
 wash – washes
 kiss – kisses
 box – boxes
 fix – fixes

2. Untuk kata kerja (Verb) yang berakhiran konsonan + Y, hilangkan Y, dan tambahkan -IES.

 carry – carries
 study – studies
 worry – worries
 marry – marries

Sedangkan, untuk kata kerja yang berakhiran vokal + Y, cukup tambahkan -S.

 play – plays
 say – says
 enjoy – enjoys

Contoh :

1. Untuk menunjukkan kejadian berulang yang berlangsung saat ini.

 I take the motorcycle to the office once every day.

 The train to Bekasi leaves every hour.
 George usually sleeps seven hours every night.

2. Untuk menunjukkan suatu kebiasaan (habit).

 Doni gets up early at 5 o’clock every day.

 John takes a bath twice a day.
 Every year on Lebaran, most people travel to their hometown.

3. Untuk menunjukkan suatu fakta.

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  They have two children together.
 Indonesia has thirty-four provinces, from Sabang to Merauke.
 The cat has 3 kittens.
 The sun rises from the east

Number Person Personal pronoun Conjugation Negative Conjugation

1st I have don't have
Singular 2nd You have don't have
3rd He/She/It has doesn’t have
         
1st We have don't have
Plural 2nd You have don't have
3rd They have don't have

C. Present Tense Negative

Untuk membentuk kalimat simple present tense negative, biasanya menggunakan tambahan
don’t atau doesn’t sebelum kata kerja

Subject + to be (is/am/are) + NOT + adjective/noun

Subject + do/does + NOT + verb 1 + object

Contoh :
- I am not a teacher
- I don’t teach English
- We don’t have food today
- She doesn’t have money anymore
- That woman doesn’t like to join us.

D. Present Tense Interogative

Untuk membentuk kalimat interogative / kalimat pertanyaaan, biasanya menggunakan

tambahan do atau does di depan kalimat. Rumusnya adalah sebagai berikut:

Do / Does + S + Verb 1 + O

Kata do digunakan jika subjeknya adalah I, you, they, atau we. Namun, kata does digunakan
jika subjeknya adalah bentuk orang ketiga (She, He, It).

Contoh :
 Does she read a Harry Potter book? Yes, she does
 Do they watch a new movie every day? No, they don’t
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  Do you play basketball every morning? Yes, I do.

Apabila kata kerja (verb) berupa To Be atau Modal, maka jangan menggunakan kata do atau
does.

Contohnya :

 Is Susi Pudjiastuti the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries?

 Are you new staff of Wall Street English?
 Are they football fans of Persija Jakarta?
 Am I correct?

EXERCISE

A. Change the verb into the correct form:

1. London (be) in England.

2. The summer (be) hot.
3. She (drive) very well.
4. They (open) the store at 8:00.
5. Linda (be) a very pretty girl.
6. I (have) several jobs.
7. Water (boil) at 100 degrees.
8. Water (freeze) at 0 degrees.
9. My sister (speak) English.
10. He (have) a big apartment.
11. A triangle (have) three corners.
12. My birthday (be) in June.
13. Books (have) pages.
14. Dogs (be) good friends.
15. I (work) hard.

B. Change the verb into the correct form:

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1. I usually go (go) to school.
2. They (visit) us often.
3. You (play) basketball once a week.
4. Tom (work) every day.
5. She never (help) me with that!
6. Martha and Kevin (swim) twice a week.
7. In this club people usually (dance) a lot.
8. Linda (have) three sisters.
9. John rarely (leave) the country.
10. We (live) in the city most of the year.
11. Lorie (travel) to Paris every Sunday.
12. I (bake) cookies twice a month.
13. You always (teach) me new things.
14. The guy (have) beautiful girlfriend

C. Change the verb into the correct form:

1. I (not ride) horses.

2. You (not sell) cars.
3. He (not bring) gifts.
4. She (not take) pictures.
5. It (not cost) so much.
6. We (not seem) so happy.
7. They (not buy) new products.
8. Michael (not dance).
9. The car (not have) enough space for all of us.
10. Tim and Kate (not have) time to meet every weekend.
11. Lucas and Clara (not eat) meat.
12. The old woman (not have) enough food to eat today.
13. You (not have) good attitude
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14. It (not hurt).
15. We (not give up).

D. Change the verb into the correct form:

1. (I wake up) at five in the morning?

2. (you go) to work by train?
3. (she drink) coffee every morning?
4. (he smoke)?
5. (it hurt)?
6. (we dance)?
7. (they travel)?
8. (Emma cook) well?
9. (Alexander exercise) regularly?
10. (I look) well?
11. (you rest) enough?
12. (William work) too hard?
13. (they travel) often?
14. (Anthony go) to sleep too late?
15. (you bake) cakes?

E. Change the verb into the correct form:

1. Christopher (drive) a bus.

2. We (not have) any money.
3. (you watch) movies?
4. They (not work) for us.
5. I (love) to dance.
6. She (not have) many friends.
7. Alexis and her husband always (come) for the summer.
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8. (he draw) well?
9. James (not remember) me.
10. Laura (be) a beautiful girl.
11. I don't eat (not eat) cheese.
12. Cats (like) to sleep.
13. You (be) a smart boy.
14. She (wash) the dishes every evening.
15. (you be) ready?
16. I (be) ready.

F. Please describe your daily activity by using simple present tense

G. Please describe one of your friend/family member by using simple present tense.

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 LESSON 4
Simple past tense

Simple past tense adalah kalimat tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang
terjadi di masa lampau dan telah berakhir di masa lampau. Kata kerja yang digunakan pada
tense ini harus berupa kata kerja kedua (verb 2).

Dalam mengenali kalimat simple past tense, dapat dilihat dari keterangan waktunya. Maka
keterangan waktu yang biasa digunakan pada simple past tense adalah sebagai berikut:

Yesterday : kemarin A few days ago : beberapa hari lalu

The day before yesterday : sehari sebelum kemarin Two weeks ago : dua minggu lalu
Last night : tadi malam Just now : tadi/baru saja
Last week : pekan lalu In 2010 : di tahun 2010
Last month : bulan lalu A long time ago : dahulu kala

Rumus Simple Past Tense

Bentuk Rumus Simple Past Tense Contoh Kalimat

· We attended the festival last week
· Subject + verb 2 + object . I enjoyed the party last night
Positif . They helped me to finish this task.
(+)
· Subject + to be (was/were) + · She was absent yesterday
adjective/adverb . They were here in the morning.
· Subject + did not + infinitive · We did not attend the festival last week
verb 1 + object . She didn’t tell me anything.
Negatif
· She was not absent yesterday
(-) · Subject + was/were + not +
. He was not here this morning .
adjective/adverb
. It was not fun.
· Did they attend the festival last week?
· Did + subject + infinitive verb + . Where did you go yesterday?
Interrogative object? . What did you do today?
(?) . Did you enjoy the food?
· Was/were + subject + · Was she absent yesterday?
adjective/adverb? . Was he in the party last night?
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 . Where were you yesterday?
Personal To be To be Conjugation Conjugation
Number Subject
pronoun Present tense Past tense Present tense Past tense
1st I am was do did
Singular 2nd You are were do did
3rd He/She/It is was does did
             
1st We are were do did
Plural 2nd You are were do did
3rd They are were do did

Kata kerja bentuk lampau (Verb 2) memiliki 2 bentuk yaitu regular verb (kata kerja beraturan)
dan iregular verb (kata kerja tidak beraturan). Kata kerja pada tenses terdiri dari bentuk 1, 2,
dan 3 .

 Verb 1 : Untuk Present Tense

 Verb 2 : Untuk Past Tense
 Verb 3 : Untuk Past Perfect Tense

A. REGULAR VERB

Pada simple past tense, kata kerja yang digunakan adalah kata kerja bentuk kedua (V2).
Untuk regular verb, kata kerja selalu ditambahkan akhiran -ed, -d atau -ied dari bentuk
dasar.

Contoh kalimat menggunakan regular verb

1. I cooked fried rice for breakfast in the morning.

2. She borrowed my pen just now.
3. Baby cried last night.

B. IRREGULAR VERB

Bentuk kata kerja past tense (V2) pada irregular verb, berubah dari bentuk kata kerja
dasarnya.

Contoh kalimat menggunakan irregular verb:

1. Last month, I went to the zoo with my friends.

2. You broke my heart into pieces.
3. She bought me a drink.
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EXERCISE

A. Change the verb into the correct form:

1. He (be) very nice to me in the class this morning.

2. I (be) sad when my niece was going to abroad

3. We (be) happy in the party last night

4. Julio (be) an active student last year.

5. They (be) mad at Cindy when I (come) .

6. She (walk) to the school alone yesterday.

7. Yesterday I (try) to change a light bulb that had burnt out.

8. My brother (write) a letter for me

9. I (get up) at 5am this morning

10. We (eat) in this restaurant 2 days ago.

11. They (love) each other 2 years ago.

12. We (go) to Bali last month.

13. They listen this music two hours ago.

14. Anita (meet) me in this market yesterday.

15. We (walk) to the college yesterday.

16. I (visit) my grandmother three days ago.

17. The firemen (rescue) the old woman who (be) trapped on the third
floor of the burning building.

18. She was so annoying! She (leave, always) her dirty dishes in the sink. I think
she (expect, actually) me to do them for her.

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B. Change the verb into the correct form:

1. I (call) you last night after dinner, but you (be, not) there. Where
(be) you?
2. Clara (do, not) watch a movie last night.

3. She (be, not) a famous actress in 1990.

4. They (be, not) mad at Cindy when I (come) .

5. He (do, not) study hard, when he (be) a student.

6. (Do) she read book last morning?

7. (Do) you go to work today?

8. (Do) she enjoy the food? She really (enjoy) the food.

9. Clara, what (do) you do last night? I (watch) drama series.

10. (Do) they do a great job? No, they (do, not) do a great job.

11. How (be) they party last night? It (be) really good.

12. (Be, not) the teacher in the class today?

13. (Be, not) they satisfied about the result? No, they (be, not)
satisfied.

14. What (do) you do yesterday? I (swim) in the pool.

15. (Do) they come here last week? Yes they (come) .

C. Please share about your activities last week.

D. Please share a funny moment you have in the past.

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 REGULAR VERB

NO VERB 1 VERB 2 VERB 3 ARTINYA

1 Accept Accepted Accepted Menerima
2 Accompany Accompanied Accompanied Menemani
3 Achieve Achieved Achieved Mencapai
4 Add Added Added Menambah
5 Admire Admired Admired Mengagumi
6 Admit Admitted Admitted Mengakui
7 Advise Advised Advised Menasehati
8 Agree Agreed Agreed Menyetujui
9 Allow Allowed Allowed Mengizinkan
10 Announce Announced Announced Mengumumkan
11 Apologize Apologized Apologized Minta Maaf
12 Appear Appeared Appeared Muncul
13 Arrange Arranged Arranged Mengatur
14 Arrive Arrived Arrived Tiba
15 Attack Attacked Attacked Menyerang
16 Attend Attended Attended Menghadiri
17 Avoid Avoided Avoided Menghindari
18 Believe Believed Believed Percaya
19 Borrow Borrowed Borrowed Meminjam
20 Capture Captured Captured Menangkap
21 Carry Carried Carried Membawa
22 Cause Caused Caused Menyebabkan
23 Close Closed Closed Menutup
24 Collect Collected Collected Mengumpulkan
25 Compare Compared Compared Membandingkan
26 Consider Considered Considered Mempertimbangkan
27 Decide Decided Decided Memutuskan
28 Describe Described Described Menggambarkan
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29 Determine Determined Determined Menentukan
30 Develop Developed Developed Mengembangkan
31 Die Died Died Mati
32 Hope Hoped Hoped Berharap
33 Imagine Imagined Imagined Membayangkan
34 Improve Improved Improved Memperbaiki
35 Increase Increased Increased Meningkatkan
36 Introduce Introduced Introduced Memperkenalkan
37 Invite Invited Invited Mengundang
38 Knock Knocked Knocked Mengetuk
39 Laugh Laughed Laughed Tertawa
40 Lie Lied Lied Bohong
41 Live Lived Lived Tinggal
42 Love Loved Loved Menyayangi
43 Marry Married Married Menikahi
44 Mention Mentioned Mentioned Menyebutkan
45 Moisurize Moisturized Moisturized Melembabkan
46 Paint Painted Painted Mengecat /Melukis
47 Pass Passed Passed Melewati
48 Pay Paid Paid Membayar
49 Pick Up Picked up Picked up Menjemput
50 Prefer Preferred Preferred Lebih Suka
51 Prepare Prepared Prepared Mempersiapkan
52 Pull Pulled Pulled Menarik
53 Push Pushed Pushed Mendorong
54 Raise Raised Raised Menaikan
55 Reach Reached Reached Menggapai
56 Realize Realized Realized Menyadari
57 Receive Received Received Menerima
58 Recognize Recognized Recognized Mengakui/Mengenali
59 Reduce Reduced Reduced Mengurangi
60 Refer Referred Referred Mengacu
61 Refuse Refused Refused Menolak
62 Regret Regretted Regretted Menyesal
63 Remind Reminded Reminded Mengingatkan
64 Remove Removed Removed Menghapus
65 Roast Roasted Roasted Memanggang
66 Rob Robbed Robbed Merampok
67 Satisfy Satisfied Satisfied Memuaskan
68 Save Saved Saved Menyimpan
69 Shave Shaved Shaved Mencukur
70 Sign Signed Signed Menandatangani
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71 Smile Smiled Smiled Senyum
72 Splash Splashed Splashed Memercikan
73 Suggest Suggested Suggested Menyarankan
74 Support Supported Supported Mendukung
75 Suspect Suspected Suspected Mencurigai
76 Talk Talked Talked Membicarakan
77 Underestimate Underestimated Underestimated Meremehkan
78 Wish Wished Wished Berharap
79 Work Worked Worked Bekerja

IRREGULAR VERB

NO VERB 1 VERB 2 VERB 3 ARTINYA

1 am/is/are was / were been ada
2 beat beat beaten memukul
3 become became become menjadi
4 begin began begun memulai
5 bite bit bitten menggigit
6 break broke broken mematahkan
7 bring brought brought membawa
8 build built built membangun
9 buy bought bought membeli
10 catch caught caught menangkap
11 choose chose chosen memilih
12 come came come datang
13 cost cost cost berharga/memiliki harga
14 cut cut cut memotong
15 do did done melakukan
16 draw drew drawn menggambar
17 drink drank drunk meminum
18 drive drove driven mengendarai (mobil)
19 eat ate eaten makan
20 fall fell fallen jatuh
21 feel felt felt merasa
22 fight fought fought berkelahi/berjuang
23 find found found menemukan
24 fly flew flown terbang
25 forget forgot forgotten melupakan
26 get got got mendapat
27 give gave given memberi
28 go went gone pergi
29 grow grew grown tumbuh

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30 hang hung hung menggantung
31 have had had memiliki
32 hear heard heard mendengar
33 hide hid hidden bersembunyi
34 hit hit hit memukul
35 hold hold hold menahan
36 hurt hurt hurt melukai/terluka
37 keep kept kept menjaga
38 know knew known mengetahui
39 leave left left meninggalkan
40 lend lent lent meminjami
41 let let let membiarkan
42 lie lay lain bohong
43 light lit lit menyalakan
44 lose lost lost kehilangan
45 make made made membuat
46 mean meant meant maksud
47 meet met met bertemu
48 pay paid paid membayar
49 put put put meletakkan
50 read read read membaca
51 ring rang rung berbunyi
52 rise rose risen terbit
53 run ran run lari
54 say said said berkata
55 see saw seen melihat
56 sell sold sold menjual
57 send sent sent mengirim
58 shine shone shone bersinar
59 shoot shot shot menembak
60 show showed shown menunjukkan
61 shut shut shut menutup
62 sing sang sung bernyanyi
63 sit sat sat duduk
64 sleep slept slept tidur
65 speak spoke spoken berbicara
66 spend spent spent menghabiskan
67 stand stood stood berdiri
68 steal stole stolen mencuri
69 swim swam swum berenang
70 take took taken mengambil
71 teach taught taught mengajar
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 72 tell told told menceritakan
73 think thought thought berpikir
74 throw threw thrown membuang
75 understand understood understood memahami
76 wake woke woken bangun
77 wear wore worn memakai
78 win won won menang
79 write wrote written menulis

LESSON 5
PRESENT PERFECT tense
Present perfect tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu
aksi atau situasi yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang atau telah
selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu namun efeknya masih berlanjut. Tense ini
biasanya digunakan untuk membicarakan mengenai pengalaman atau perubahan yang
melibatkan sebuah tempat.

Bagaimana mengidentifikasi sebuah kondisi bahwa sebuah kalimat memiliki bentuk present
perfect tense? Atau kapan saat yang tepat menggunakan tense ini? Kamu bisa melihat ciri-
cirinya dengan contoh keterangan waktu alias time expression berikut ini.

 Already : Sudah
 Just : Baru saja
 Recently/lately : Baru-baru ini/belakangan ini
 Ever : pernah
 Yet : Belum
 For + keterangan waktu yang menunjukkan masa lalu hingga sekarang
 Since + keterangan waktu yang menujukkan pertama kali kejadian atau kegiatan dimulai

Rumus Present Perfect Tense

Bentuk Rumus Simple Past Tense Contoh Kalimat

· They have lived in Jakarta for a long time
· I/You/We/They + have + V3 . I have just finished my homework
Positif . We have worked together since last year.
(+)
· He has learned English for one year
· She/He/It + has + V3
. She has moved to another city recently
Negatif · I/You/We/They + have not + V3 · They have not forgotten me.
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 . I have not finished my homework yet
(-) · She has not completed the assignment
· She/He/It + has not + V3
. He has not said anything to me.
· Have you ever been in Bali?
. Have we been ready to start again?
· Have + I/You/We/They + V3?
Interrogative . What kind of book have you bought?
(?) . Have we ever met before?
· Has the student taken the test?
· Has + She/He/It + V3?
. Why has that man not come here?

Contoh kalimat Present Perfect Tense dalam beberapa Kondisi :

Membicarakan pengalaman
 I have been to France.
 I think I have seen that movie before.
 Joan has studied two foreign languages.
 I’ve been to Bali three times. Have you ever been there?
 How many times have you traveled abroad?

Sebuah perubahan
 You have grown since the last time I saw you.
 The government has become more interested in arts education.
 Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian
studies program was established.
 My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.

Pencapaian atau hasil

 Man has walked on the Moon.
 Our son has learned how to read.
 Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
 Scientists have split the atom.

Aktivitas yang belum terselesaikan

 James has not finished his homework yet.
 Susan hasn’t mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
 Bill has still not arrived.
 The rain hasn’t stopped.

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EXERCISE

A. Please complete these sentences with have/has + V3

1. We never a car. (buy)

2. I not John this morning. (see)

3. she already the task? (submit)

4. They their breakfast. (have)

5. Lina her key. (lose)

6. My parents me the story. (tell)

7. they to Moscow? (are)

8. Daniel a new job? (start)

9. Your mother your favorite food. (cook)

10. He not the homework. (finish)

B. Please fix these sentences.

1. has – it – for – rained – days – three.  It has rained for three days
2. five – has – Gunawan – worked – for – years – here.--> Gunawan has worked for 5 years
here
3. gone – police – they – have – to – the – office.  They have gone to the police office
4. we – learned – have – since – 2005 – English.  We have learned English since 2005
5. novel – yet – finished – I – reading – this – haven’t.  I haven’t finished reading this
novel yet.
6. you – George’s – ever – wife – met – have?  Have you ever met George’s wife?
7. He – driven – has – before – car – never – a.  He has never driven a car before.
8. already – has – morning – called – this – you – Juna? Has Juna called you this
morning?

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 9. Melinda – times – year – been – has – Australia – two – to – this.  Melinda has been to
Australia two times this year.
10. She – coffee – three – of – drunk – today – cups – has.  She has drunk three cups of
coffee today.

C. Please translate these sentences in to English.

Indonesia English
+ Kami sudah pernah ke singapura berkali-kali  We have been to SG several times
 We have not been ever to SG/We have
- Kami belum pernah ke singapura never been to SG
? Apakah kamu sudah pernah ke singapura?  Have you ever been to SG?
   
+ Peter sudah menyesali kesalahannya  Peter has regretted his mistake
- Peter belum menyesali kesalahan nya  Peter has not regretted his mistake yet.
? Apakah peter sudah menyesali kesalahan nya?  Has Peter already regretted his mistake?
   
+ Ini pertama kalinya dia telah mengendarai mobil  This is the first time she has driven a car
 This is not the first time she has driven a
- Ini bukan pertama kalinya dia telah mengendarai mobil car
? Apakah ini pertama kalinya dia telah mengendarai mobil?  Is this the first time she has driven a car?
   
+ Dia telah menghilang akhir-akhir ini  She has disappeared recently/lately
- Aku tidak melihatnya sejak kemarin.  I have not seen her since yesterday.
- Apakah dia menghilang akhir-akhir ini?  Has she disappeared lately/recently?
   
+ Aku sudah menceritakan padamu hal itu sebanyak tiga kali  I have told you the story for 3 times
 You haven’t told me yet about your bf/gf.
- Kamu belum pernah menceritakan padaku tentang pacarmu You have never told me about your bf/gf
? Apa aku sudah pernah cerita padamu tentang pacarku?  Have I ever told you about my bf?

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 LESSON 6
PRESENT continuous tense
Present continuous tense merupakan bentuk tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan
bahwa suatu aksi sedang berlangsung selama waktu tertentu pada waktu sekarang
(present). Bentuk ini menunjukkan bahwa aksi tersebut terjadi sebelum (begins before),
selama (is in progress at the present), dan berlanjut setelah (continues after) waktu atau aksi
lainnya.

Present continuous tense tidak hanya digunakan untuk menunjukkan kejadian yang
berlangsung sekarang tetapi juga masa depan yang dekat. Umumnya, keterangan waktu
berikut digunakan pada kalimat present continuous tense adalah:

 Right now
 At the moment
 Today
 At present
 This month
 This year
 This week
 This semester
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Rumus Present Continuous Tense
+ Subjek + be (am/is/are) + verb (-ing) + …
- Subjek +be (am/is/are) + not + verb (-ing) + …
? Be (am/is/are) + subjek + verb (-ing) + …?

Contoh :

Kalimat positive
 Untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi yang sedang berlangsung dan terjadi sekarang. Contoh:
o It is raining and I am waiting for my mother to pick me up.

o I am writing this letter to express my feelings to you.

o She is dancing in the rain.
o The waiter is standing behind the counter right now with a notepad in his hand
and pencil behind his ear.
 Untuk membicarakan aksi yang terjadi sekitar waktu pembicaraan. Contoh:
o Arnold is taking five classes this semester.
o At this moment, my husband keeps all his money in his closet.
 Untuk membicarakan rencana yang sudah pasti akan terjadi dalam waktu dekat.
Contoh:
o She is spending her holiday in Bangkok next week.
o He is renting a whole theatre for his anniversary tonight.
o My boss is promoting Stacey to be the new manager next month.
o They are eating at Scott’s favorite restaurant today.

Kalimat Negative

o I am not eating a pizza.

o We are not baking cakes for tomorrow’s event.

Kalimat Interogative

o Are you waiting for me?

o Is she talking to her parents now?
o What are they doing?
o Why are you coming here?

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Tak semua kata kerja bisa digunakan dalam tense ini, lho! Hal ini dikarenakan kata kerja
tersebut menunjukkan keadaan atau situasi yang kita tidak harapkan untuk berubah dan tidak
menggambarkan aksi atau tindakan. Kata kerja ini lebih dikenal dengan nama kata kerja statis
(stative verbs). Berikut contoh kata kerja statis:

 Kata kerja  yang menunjukkan perasaan dan emosi: love, prefer, hate, like, appreciate,
want, dislike.
 Kata kerja yang menunjukkan penggunaan indra: hear, taste, smell, see.
 Kata kerja yang mengekspresikan pengetahuan, pendapat, dan kepercayaan: think,
believe, understand, know, recognize.
 Kata kerja yang menunjukkan kepemilikan: own, have, possess, belong.
 Kata kerja statis lainnya: seem, be, exist, need, cost.

EXERCISE

A. Put the following sentences into the present continuous tense.

1. I take two breads for my breakfast.

………………………………………………………………………….. .
2. They watch Kahitna’s concert in Jakarta.
………………………………………………………………………….. .
3. Dendi does his homework at home.
………………………………………………………………………….. .
4. Laila plays computer game with her friends.
………………………………………………………………………….. .
5. Bubu sings Ariana Grande’s songs in her friend’s birthday party.
………………………………………………………………………….. .
6. Prisila reads a letter from her mother.
………………………………………………………………………….. .
7. I don’t listen to rock music.
………………………………………………………………………….. .
8. Hesi and Gege don’t go to their cottage in Cisarua.
………………………………………………………………………….. .
9. Mischa doesn’t cook fried rice.
………………………………………………………………………….. .
10. Do they drink coffee?
………………………………………………………………………….. .
11. Do you speak Indonesian?
………………………………………………………………………….. .
12. Does Clara bake cookies?
………………………………………………………………………….. .
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13. Do you fix the car?
………………………………………………………………………….. .
14. Does Clara bake cookies?
………………………………………………………………………….. .
15. Do you eat banana?
………………………………………………………………………….. .

B. Present Continuous Tense Error Correction: Correct the mistakes in these sentences.

1. The radio no is working.

2. I’m eat the banana so much.
3. He counting the stars on the sky.
4. What do you watching?
5. I am not talk about your performance.
6. We jogging to spend our quality time.
7. Sissy is take care her sister because her mother is working.
8. Does Rinni sweeping the floor?
9. Is Linda study Mathematics now?
10. Willy is take a bath.

C. Write TRUE next to a correct sentence, and FALSE next to a wrong sentence, check if the
verbs are non-progressive or not:
1. We’re wanting the dessert…………….
2. I’m eating everything that she gives…………
3. We’re needing ice cream to calm down our emotion…………….
4. I’m understanding his feeling………….
5. Tara’s believing that his husband is honest…………….
6. They are waiting for the big day…………
7. Bebi’s sleeping in her mom’s bedroom…………
8. Ledi is knowing the truth………….
9. Keti and Weti are having dinner at traditional restaurant…………
10. The cat’s not liking classical music. …………

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 LESSON 7
Past continuous tense

Past continuous tense adalah bentuk tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi
sedang berlangsung selama waktu tertentu pada waktu lampau (past).

Bentuk ini menunjukkan bahwa aksi tersebut terjadi sebelum (began before), selama (was in
progress during), dan mungkin berlanjut setelah (continued after) waktu atau aksi lainnya yang
terjadi pada masa lampau.

Rumus Present Continuous Tense

+ Subjek + be (was/were) + verb (-ing) + …
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 - Subjek +be (was/were) + not + verb (-ing) + …
? Be (was/were) + subjek + verb (-ing) + …?

Contoh:

Kalimat positif

S + be (was/were) + present participle (-ing). Contoh kalimat:

 He was sleeping
 The people were waiting

Kalimat negatif

S + be (was/were) + not + present participle (-ing). Contoh kalimat:

 He wasn’t sleeping
 The people weren’t waiting

Kalimat interogatif

be (was/were) + S + present participle (-ing)? Contoh kalimat:

 Was he sleeping?
 Were the people waiting?

Fungsi dan Pengunaan

 Untuk mengindikasikan suatu aksi yang terjadi selama momen tertentu di masa lampau.
o I was having dinner at this time yesterday.

o What was she doing at 7 am this morning?

o They were making a toast at this time last night.
o I was doing physically exercises all day yesterday.
o In July she was working as a waitress in a well-known restaurant.

 Untuk menunjukkan bahwa ada aksi berdurasi pendek (simple past tense) yang terjadi
ketika suatu aksi berdurasi panjang (past continuous tense) sedang berlangsung.
Subordinate conjunction while dan when dapat digunakan dengan formulasi simple past
tense + while + past continuous tense dan past continuous tense + when + simple past
tense.
o The door was knocked while I was reading a book.

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 o My mother was cleaning the carpet when I got home.
o She was sleeping when you called her.

 Past continuous tense juga bisa berfungsi untuk membahas sesuatu yang terjadi
berulang-ulang. Tense ini terkadang digunakan untuk mengkritik suatu aksi. Contoh:
o I was repeatedly checking things.

o The girl was always yelling out loud.

o My neighbor was always chasing stray cats off with his broom.

 Terakhir, tense ini juga bisa digunakan bersamaan dengan verb yang menunjukkan
perubahan (change) atau perkembangan (growth), seperti: grow up, improve, go, dan
change. Contoh kalimat:
o His hair was going so thin. (Rambutnya menjadi sangat tipis.)

o My life was changing rapidly. (Hidup saya berubah dengan cepat.)

EXERCISE

A. Complete these sentences with Past Continuous Tense

1. People __ ___ all the songs at his concert. (enjoy)

2. Two thieves were entering the house while other thief __ __ in the warehouse.(hide)
3. Mom __ __ a cake while we were sleeping. (make)
4. The shepherd __ __ his cattle to the open field. (take)
5. He __ __ slowly when a man crossed by. (drive)
6. Nadia ___ ___ for my blog content when her baby woke up. (write)
7. The plane___ ___ when it suddenly fell to the sea. (fly)
8. My brothers ___ ___ the fishing tools while my dad___ ___ the bait. (prepare)

B. Change the sentences into positive, negative, or interrogative form

1. (+) My Sister was eating her lunch two hours ago

(-)

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 (?)

2. (+)

(-) Xena wasn’t answering the call when she had meeting

(?)

3. (+)

(-) Brigitta wasn’t offering her products while she was meeting her high school friends.

(?)

4. (+)

(-)

(?) Was Tyler seeing the UFO when he played at the field.

C. Change the following sentences into English in Past Continuous Tense

1. Mira sedang mengemudi pada saat aku menelepon nya

2. Apakah Rifal sedang menyiapkan persentasi nya kemarin sekitar jam 9 malam?
3. Jonny tidak sedang bekerja dikantor kemarin jam 11
4. Tina dan Tira sedang menyelesaikan tugas mereka pada saat Ny. Diana mencari mereka
5. Jimmy sedang tidur saat pencuri masuk ke rumahnya
6. Aku tidak sedang melakukan apapun saat kamu tiba disini.

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