Discrepancies in October wind data readings between different research findings and sensors may stem from varied measurement locations (elevation), sensor calibration differences, and duration or frequency of data collection periods. Such variability can lead to significant differences in environmental hazard assessments and planning sectors like shipping or renewable energy, where precise wind data is critical .

The Coriolis effect, which causes deflection of wind paths, is well-known in monsoon modeling in equatorial regions. The realignment of winds to the west during their southward journey from Asia towards Australia matches theoretical predictions. However, topographical features, which can substantially alter model outputs, introduce a level of complexity that requires localized models or adaptation of large-scale models to better account for effects like speed variation and directional deflection observed in Tanjung Priok .

The shift from September to October marks the second transitional season in Indonesia, characterized by changing winds from the eastern or northeastern direction to more variable patterns. This transition involves shifts in monsoonal influence as the regional pressure systems adjust. Additionally, during such periods, localized meteorological phenomena such as increased humidity and potential for rain as different air masses start mixing are common .

Various factors can influence wind speed variance, including the calibration and positioning of instruments, the local microclimate, and data collection methods. BMKG's higher speed readings in September could be due to sensors positioned in areas with fewer obstructions or different instrumental recalibration intervals, while Copernicus might utilize broader satellite-derived data less sensitive to local fluctuations. Atmospheric stability and episodic wind events also contribute to these differences .

Monsoon wind patterns in Tanjung Priok, characterized by directional and speed variations, significantly affect maritime activities. Eastward winds during July-August can facilitate smoother eastbound travel but challenge westbound navigation due to resistance. As patterns change in September-October, unpredictability in wind speed and direction requires vigilant navigation planning to avoid maritime hazards such as turbulent seas. Accurate forecasting using datasets like BMKG and Copernicus is crucial to maritime safety and scheduling .

Forecasting wind patterns over Tanjung Priok is complicated by factors such as varying data from BMKG and Copernicus, which stem from different data collection methods and spatial resolutions. The presence of diverse microclimates and urban structures further complicates predictions. The complexity of monsoon shifts and transitional periods demand high precision and coordination between observational data and modeling efforts to provide accurate forecasts essential for disaster preparedness and operational planning .

There are discrepancies in wind data between Copernicus and BMKG for September 2021; Copernicus data show dominant winds from the east, whereas BMKG indicates a dominant northeast wind. Copernicus noted maximum speeds of 5.70 m/s, while BMKG registered up to 8.80 m/s with a direction from the northeast. These differences can arise from variations in sensor placements, elevation, data processing methodologies, and temporal coverage differences between the datasets .

Topographical features such as buildings, hills, and water bodies can alter wind pathways through channeling, slowing, or redirecting winds. Sensor placements at different heights or locations relative to these features can result in varying wind recordings. For instance, in Tanjung Priok during monsoons, sensors placed closer to the coast might capture direct monsoonal flows, while inland sensors might record deflected winds due to urban obstruction, accounting for discrepancies between sources like Copernicus and BMKG .

During July and August, the wind patterns in Tanjung Priok indicate characteristics of the western monsoon (Muson Barat) which moves from Asia to Australia. In this period, as shown by the data, the average wind speed is between 3.60-5.70 m/s and predominantly moves from the east, which reflects the broader movement of winds from the Asian continent due to high temperatures and low-pressure systems over Asia, and opposite conditions over Australia .

The Coriolis effect influences wind patterns in Tanjung Priok by causing deflections. During the western monsoon, as winds travel across the equator from Asia to Australia, they bend to the west due to the Coriolis effect. This effect changes wind direction and can enhance speed, contributing to variations in measurements like those seen in August, where the wind direction shifts slightly away from direct easterly paths, potentially altering average speeds recorded .