Memahami Adjective Clause dalam Kalimat
Memahami Adjective Clause dalam Kalimat
(ADJECTIVE CLAUSE)
A. Deskripsi Singkat
Klausa (clause) merupakan salah satu komponen dalam sebuah kalimat. Klausa adalah kelompok
kata yang berisi Subjek dan [Link] beberapa jenis klausa, salah satunya adalah adjective
clause.
Adjective clause (AC) atau yang juga disebut dengan relative clause. Seperti kata sifat,
dependent clause ini memiliki peran kata sifat atau adjective. Adjective clause merupakan satu
kalimat yang tidak utuh dan tidak dapat berdiri sendiri. Agar dapat berfungsi dengan baik, adjective
clause harus didampingi dengan kalimat induk atau independant clause. Adjective clause juga
digunakan untuk menjelaskan kata benda (nouns) di dalam kalimat utama atau kalimat induk.
Independent Clause Dependent Clause
Kalimat Kompleks = +
Klausa Induk Adjective Clause
Tidak seperti namanya, adjective clause ini tidak selalu mengandung kata adjective umum.
Penggunaan adjective clause ini merupakan bagian penting karena berperan dalam penekanan suatu
informasi dengan suatu kalimat yang lebih rinci. Adjective clause dibutuhkan untuk membuat tulisan
dan percakapan menjadi lebih menarik. Bahkan dalam menulis esai, diperlukan kemampuan
menuangkan ide ke dalam kalimat yang baik dan benar, serta mudah dimengerti oleh pembaca,
dengan menggunakan adjective clause. Adjective clause juga berguna untuk membuat ide menjadi
lebih coherent karena tidak memotong kalimat terlalu banyak. Adjective Clause membentuk
rangkaian noun phrase yang memiliki pola sebagai berikut:
Pre Modifier + Head + Post Modifier
Komponen Adjective Clause
1. Adalah dependent clause, yang memiliki subyek dan predikat, namun bukan kalimat lengkap
yang dapat berdiri sendiri.
2. Biasanya, namun tidak selalu, Diawali dengan relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, that, atau
which) atau relative adverb (when, where, atau why)
3. Berfungsi sebagai adjective yang menjelaskan apa, berapa, bagaimana dan lain-lain, yang
menghadirkan informasi atau penjelasan tambahan mengenai noun dalam kalimat.
4. Muncul setelah noun.
B. Capaian Pembelajaran MK
Setelah selesai Kegiatan Belajar 1 diharapkan:
[Link] dapat mengidentifikasi strategi Adjective Clause
[Link] dapat membuat kalimat menggunakan strategi Adjective Clause
[Link] dapat menjawab pertanyaan menggunakan strategi Adjective Clause dengan tepat
C. Uraian Materi
Simak video penjelasan berikut:
[Link]
Kita bisa membagi adjective clause berdasarkan sifat seperti apa yang mau kita tempelkan pada
noun. Ada beberapa ilustrasi sifat dari noun yang bisa digambarkan. Tiap ilustrasi memiliki rumus
yang berbeda-beda :
• Noun + yang melakukan sesuatu
• Noun + yang kamu lakukan
• Noun + yang terhadapnya kamu melakukan sesuatu
• Noun + ketika kamu melakukan sesuatu
• Noun + di mana kamu melakukan sesuatu
• Noun + kenapa kamu melakukan sesuatu
• Noun + bagaimana kamu melakukan sesuatu
Keterangan :
• kata noun di atas mewakili noun yang hendak dijelaskan
• kata kamu mewakili subject yang terdapat dalam adjective clause
• kata melakukan mewakili verb yang terdapat dalam adjective clause
Adjective Clause adalah susunan conjunction + verb atau conjunction + subject + verb yang
dimunculkan setelah noun. Kenapa setelah noun? Karena fungsinya adalah untuk menjadi sifat dari
noun. Itulah kenapa namanya adjective clause (adjective = sifat). Sifat yang dimaksud di sini adalah
makna yang atau di mana.
Kita bisa membagi adjective clause berdasarkan sifat seperti apa yang mau kita tempelkan pada
noun. Perhatikan contoh berikut. Kenali sifat dari noun pada kalimat di bawah :
• Aku suka perempuan yang duduk di sana.
• I like the girl who sits there.
Contoh lain :
• Rumah di mana Agus tinggal sangat besar.
• The house where Agus lives is very big.
Kata yang pada kalimat pertama berfungsi memberi sifat pada kata perempuan, sedangkan kata di
mana menyifati rumah.
B. Menjadikan relative pronouns atau relative adverbs sebagai subject dari klausa.
Relative pronouns/ relative adverbs + verb
Pola-2 Contoh dalam kalimat
The new phone that is broken belongs to Dan
Relative pronoun sebagai subyek +
that : relative pronoun sebagai subyek
predikat
is broken : predikat
He is the boy who took my book.
Relative pronoun who dan that atau relative
adverb which. Who: relative pronoun sebagai subyek
Took : verb
The contract that was signed last year is no longer valid.
Noun atau pronoun di dalam main clause bisa
That : relative pronoun sebagai subyek
berfungsi sebagai subject, object, atau
was signed : predikat
subject complement dalam kalimat.
A true friend is someone who understands you the most.
Berikut ini tiga langkah untuk membuat adjective clause, simak daftarnya di bawah ini:
• Temukan Noun atau Pronoun yang sama dalam dua kalimat.
• Ubah Noun atau Pronoun yang sama pada kalimat kedua dengan conjunction berupa
relative pronoun yang sesuai.
• Letakkan sub clause setelah Noun atau Pronoun yang sama pada kalimat pertama.
Contoh:
Tanpa adjektif: Dengan adjektif:
That lady is sitting alone. That beautiful lady is sitting alone.
Wanita itu sedang duduk sendiri. Wanita cantik itu sedang duduk sendiri.
Penggunaan ‘beautiful’ pada kalimat di atas berfungsi sebagai adjektif, yang otomatis mengubah
definisi noun ‘lady’ pada kalimat tersebut sehingga kini menjadi lebih spesifik (beautiful lady).
II. Rumus Adjective Clause
Terdapat dua rumus Pembentukan Adjective Clause yakni:
Rumus Adjective Clause 1 Rumus Adjective Clause 2
Noun + (relative pronoun + Subject + Verb) Object + (relative pronoun + Subject + Verb)
adjective clause adjective clause.
Lina whom I love always prepare the dinner. This is the that I buy.
gadget
S Adj. Clause Obj. Adj. Clause
Ket Whom: Relative pronoun; I: Subject; love: That: Relative Pronoun; I: Subject;
Verb buy: Verb
Adjective clause menerangkan subject complement. S + linking verb + subject complement + adjective clause
Indefinite Relative Pronoun dengan suffix -ever: whoever, whomever, dan whichever. Adapun
penjelasan tentang semua relative pronouns tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:
Indefinite Relative Pronoun Fungsi
Who & Whoever Digunakan untuk menjelaskan kata benda yang menjadi subjek kalimat.
Whose & Whosoever Digunakan untuk menjelaskan kepemilikan.
Digunakan sebagai bentuk lebih formal untuk who & whoever dan juga untuk
Whom & Whomever
menjelaskan kata benda yang menjadi objek kalimat.
Digunakan untuk menunjukan subjek atau objek non-person atau bukan
Which & Whatever
orang.
That Digunakan sebagai opsi lain dari who, whom dan which,
Dalam penggunaannya pada kalimat, satu-satunya perbedaan mencolok antara indefinite relative
pronoun dan regular relative pronoun lain hanya terdapat pada fakta bahwa dengan sufix -ever di
belakangnya, indefinite relative pronoun hanya digunakan untuk memberi penjelasan tentang
indefinitte subject atau object seperti anyone anything dan sebagainya.
Sementara itu, melalui tanda baca koma yang digunakan atau tidak digunakannya, relative clause
sendiri sebagai salah satu klausa dalam bahasa Inggris terbagi menjadi dua macam, yaitu defining
relative clause atau non defining relative clause. Berikut ini contoh kalimat relative pronoun:
Contoh Klausa Kata Sifat dalam Kalimat
Yang ditebalkan pada contoh-contoh kalimat di bawah ini adalah klausa kata sifat.
1. Who
Who digunakan sebagai pengganti subjek (i, you, we, they, he, she) orang yang relative pronoun-
nya diikuti oleh kata kerja atau kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb)
• Andre is Sule’s bestfriend. Andre who is a former singer is Sule’s
• He is a former singer. bestfriend.
• The girl is my sister.
The girl who is wearing a white dress is
• She is wearing a white
my sister.
Who yang diikuti kata dress.
kerja bantu: • I am a girl
I am a girl who (that) is good at dancing.
• I am good at dancing.
• Tedi is a good boy.
Tedi who is the smartest kid in school is
• He is the smartest kid at →
a good boy.
school.
• The woman is an
The woman who lives next door is an
experienced nurse.
experienced nurse.
• The women lives next door.
Who yang diikuti kata
• The girl is sad
kerja: The girl who cries alone is sad.
• She cries alone
• The man is talking to me The man who is talking to me is my
• He is my uncle. uncle.
• i like the girl
i like the girl who sits there
• She sits there
• He is the man
He is the man who study in my school.
• He studies in my school.
2. Whom
Whom digunakan sebagai pengganti objek orang (me, you, us, them, him, her). Sama seperti who,
relative pronoun "whom" juga diikuti oleh kata benda yang bentuknya berupa manusia).
• Jon will meet Ningsih. Jon will meet Ningsih whom he phoned last
• He phoned her last week. week.
• He is my father
He is my father whom I love very much.
• I love very much.
• The woman is my mother. The woman whom you met yesterday is my
• You met her yesterday. mother.
• The man was Bobi. → The man whom (that) I talked to last night was
• I talked to him Last night Bobi.
Whom diikuti
subjek • The girl is sad
The girl whom he doesn’t love is sad.
• He doesn’t love her
• Maya is a kind girl I have
Maya to whom I feel so lucky to know is a kind
ever met.
girl.
• I feel lucky to know her.
• The woman is my friend
from Italy. The woman whom you meet two weeks ago is my
• You meet her two weeks friend from Italy.
ago
3. Whose
Whose digunakan sebagai penunjuk kata gantı kepunyaan (my, your, our, his, her, their). Relative
pronoun "whose" biasanya dükuti oleh kalimat yang menjadi tambahan keterangan tanpa
menyebutkan kata benda yang menunjukkan tempat.
• Ningsih knows a man. Ningsih kows a man whose office is in
• His office is in Bandung. Bandung.
• We saw the student
We saw the student whose uniform is nice.
• Her uniform is nice.
• That is the girl.
That is the girl whose boy stole my purse.
• Her boy stole my purse.
• I have just met Sani I have just met Sani whose husband works at
• Her husband works at Kodelokus. → Kodelokus.
• The song was composed of great
The song was composed of great musicians
musicians.
whose dedication was proven.
• Their dedication was proven.
Whose diikuti • The boy cried so hard. The boy whose bicycle was stolen cried so
Noun • His bicycle was stolen hard.
• Rina is a dedicated social worker. Rina whose job is heping people is a social
• Her job is helping people. worker.
• My neighbor will report to the
My neighbor whose car was lost will report to
police
the police
• His car was lost
Whose: relative pronoun; Afi : subject;
Afi, whose car has burned down, looked pale
Looked : verb
Whose: relative pronoun; We :
The man whose car we bought were friendly.
subject; Bought : verb
Whose: relative pronoun; The actor : The actor, whose car is black, will meet me on
subject; meet : verb Friday.
4. Which
Which digunakan sebagai pengganti kata benda yang kedudukannya dalam kalimat sebagai subjek
ataupun objek. Relative pronoun "which" dapat diikuti oleh kata kerja atau kata benda. Apabila kata
bendanya sebagai subjek, maka setelah which akan diikuti oleh kata kerja. Namun, jika kata
bendanya sebagai objek, maka akan diikuti oleh kata benda. Which: menerangkan subjek atau pun
objek yang berupa barang (benda mati) serta hewan dan bukan orang
• I buy a personal development
book. I buy a personal development book which
• The book is signed by its is signed by its writer.
writer.
• I bought a cat yesterday I bought a cat yesterday which was very
• It was very funny. funny.
Which yang diikuti • it is a phone
kata kerja: • This phone will change the it is a phone which will change the world.
world.
• The diamond is the most
expensive diamond in the The diamond which was showcased in the
world. → exhibition today is the most expensive
• It was showcased in the diamond in the world.
exhibition today.
• The bag is sophisticated. The bag which I bought yesterday is
Which yang diikuti • I bought it yesterday sophisticated.
kata benda: • The laptop is hers.
The laptop which I am using now is hers.
• I am using it now.
That is book, which i want to buy
Which pengganti
• I saw the chicken. I saw the chicken which eaten by the
frase benda / binatang
• It was eaten by the crocodile. crocodile.
(S/ O)
Which: relative pronoun; The This bag which is very nice is a gift from
bag : subject; is : verb my mom.
5. That
Digunakan untuk menggantikan frase orang maupun benda. Dalam hal ini, that memiliki arti sama
dengan who, whom, which. That: menerangkan subjek ataupun objek yang berupa benda mati
maupun orang.
• Eco-friendly cars save gas. Eco-friendly cars that run on electricity
• The cars run on electricity. save gas.
• I met a woman. I met a woman that has ten children is
• She has ten children. hers.
→
That diikuti • It is a book
It is a book that is good for children.
Noun • The book is good for children.
That: relative pronoun; candy : subject; The cotton candy, that was made of
made : verb sugar.
That: relative pronoun; dress : subject; buy It is the dress that i have dream of, i
: verb should buy it.
Same The boy who talks to me is very friendly The boy that talks to me is very friendly.
=
Meaning The dog which I walk everyday is a corgi The dog that I walk everyday is a corgi.
6. Where
Where digunakan untuk mengganti kata benda yang menunjukkan tempat, baik yang berkedudukan
subject atau object. Kata ini umumnya digunakan sebagai tambahan keterangan.
• The Hotel was very luxurious. The Hotel where we stay was very
• We stay there luxurious.
• Jakarta is the city Jakarta is the city where my sister was
• My sister was born there. born.
→
• Jakarta is a crowded city.
Jakarta where I live is a crowded city.
• I live there
• This is the house
This is the house where I used to live in.
Where diikuti • I used to live in here
Noun • the house is very big
the house where Santi lives is very big
• Santi lives there
Where: relative Adverb; The building : The building where Roni is hiding
subject; stands : verb stands high
Where: relative Adverb; The market : The market where bats are sold was
subject; burnt : verb burnt
Where: relative Adverb; Surabaya : subject; Surabaya is a city where my family stay
born : verb and i was born.
7. When
When digunakan untuk menggantikan keterangan waktu pada salah satu kalimat yang biasanya
terdapat pada kalimat statement. Relative pronoun "when" akan diikuti oleh kalimat yang menjadi
tambahan keterangan.
• She goes to Europe She goes to Europe when she has
• she has broken heart. broken heart.
→
• I can not remember the day I can not remember the day when he
When diikuti • He was gone. was gone.
[Link] Which: relative pronoun; The bag :
The day when my grandma calls me
subject; is : verb
Which: relative pronoun; The bag :
The year when my brother was born
subject; is : verb
8. What
Pada relative pronoun "what" dapat diikuti kata sifat, kata benda, dan kata kerja. Hal tersebut
tergantung dari kata-kata yang akan ditekankan sebagai pokok pesan.
What diikuti Adj/ • I can not tell you
→ I can not tell you what happened.
N/ V • It was happened.
9. Why
Relative adverb ‘why’ karena merujuk pada ‘the reason’ atau memberikan keterangan lebih terkait
suatu alasan mengapa suatu hal terjadi. Umumnya hanya terdapat pada satu noun of reason itu
sendiri. Sinonimnya diantaranya excuse, case, proof, idea, explanation.
• I do not know it I do not know the reason why she is
→
• She is angry at me. angry at me.
Why diikuti Adj/ N/ • The reason is unknown The reason why Nada cried is
V • Nada cried unknown
• The idea is still on researched The idea why coronavirus spreads
• Coronavirus spreads quickly quickly still on researched
10. How
Kata how digunakan ketika relative adverb berfungsi sebagai kata sifat dari noun of manner (noun
berupa cara). Hanya terdapat satu noun of manner, yaitu the way.
• I can not tell you The way how I solve this problem is
→
• It was happened. magic
How diikuti Noun
• It made me upset The way how they talk to us made
• they talk to us me upset
11. Relative/ adjective clause juga bisa menjadi subjek dalam suatu kalimat.
• Someone is wearing red jacket Who is wearing red jacket is my
Menjadi Subjek →
• It is my friend. friend.
RELATIVE ADVERB
Fungsi Pola Conjunction Contoh Adj Clause
I remember the day
I remember the day
I took the test on the
when/ on which I took
day (adverb, time =
when: time the test.
when/where/on, in, at when/ in, on, at which)
where: place
Adverb which + subject + verb The room is equipped
in, on, at which: The room where/ in
+ (object) with an air conditioner.
time, place which I took the test is
I took the test in the
equipped with an air
room (adverb, place =
conditioner.
where/ in, on, at which)
The girl is a
cheerleader. The girl whose brother
Her brother is my is my classmate is a
whose: person, classmate. (possession, cheerleader.
whose/of which + noun non person person = whose)
Possession
+ (subject) + verb of which: non The cat looks so cute.
person The fur of it is very The cat, the fur of which
thick. (possession, non is very thick, looks so
person = whose, of cute.
which)
I don’t know the
I don’t know the reason
reason.
Reason why + subject + verb why: reason why they didn’t submit
They didn’t submit the
the paper.
paper.
Agar lebih paham perbedaannya, mari perhatikan kedua contoh klausa dalam complex sentence
berikut:
Restrictive / defining clause non-Restrictive/ non-defining clause
The players who are wearing the red uniforms are The players from Ireland, who are wearing the red
winning the game uniform, are winning the game
People who are rude are difficult to be around. My brother, who is sometimes rude to guests, lives
(membatasi tipe orang dalam subjek "People") down the street from me.
Those girls, who have been friends for years, are
The girls who hold the party are bestfriends
having a party
The button that is on top turns on the machine. (kata benda
The button, which is green, is at the top of the row.
"Button" dijelaskan secara lebih detail)
Oliver Twist, which was Dickens’s second novel,
People who eat well may live well.
is a classic.
I prefer to use my smartphone, which can capture
I prefer to use smartphone that can capture great picture.
great picture.
My uncle, who is wearing black shirt, lives in
My uncle who is wearing black shirt lives in Bandung
Bandung.
Michael, whose mom passed away 6 years ago,
I am a girl who (that) is good at dancing.
developed his business overseas.
My brother, who works in the army, is going to
The dress that I wore yesterday is torn apart.
visit me next month.
Yulia, who works out three times a week, has a
People who chew well may have healthy digestion.
positive body image.
My bag, which has a striking red color, is a present
Please give me the book that has a black cover.
from my father.
Catatan:
Dalam penerapannya, relative pronoun dapat dihilangkan dari kalimat tanpa mengubah arti.
Dengan catatan, relative pronoun tersebut berfungsi sebagai obyek atau subyek yang diikuti to
be.
Dalam hal relative pronoun sebagai subyek, maka to be harus ikut dihilangkan.
Relative pronoun pada adjective clause bisa dihilangkan. Tetapi dengan beberapa ketentuan seperti:
Ketentuan Contoh
• She received the gift (which) I sent yesterday
• The university was proud of the students (whom)
Ketika relative pronoun mempunyai fungsi sebagai
they gave awards to.
objek.
• He is eating the fried rice (which) I cooked for him
• I am going to marry the man (whom) I love
• I am excited to meet the students (who were)
Ketika relative pronoun mempunyai fungsi sebagai
awarded by the faculty dean.
subjek yang diikuti oleh to be. Namun, to be tersebut
• My father sold our home (which is) located in
juga harus turut dihilangkan.
Tangerang.
• They will be responsible for all the houses (that
Relative pronoun berfungsi sebagai subject yang were) destroyed last year
berpredikat to be + kata kerja pasif • He will take care of every dog (that is) abused by
the owner
• I do not want to work a job which has strict rules.
Ketika relative pronoun mempunyai fungsi sebagai
• I do not like eating any food that has vegetable in it
subjek yang diikuti oleh have (not) untuk menyatakan
BISA MENJADI
kepemilikan. Namun , relative pronoun + have (not)
• I do not want to work a job with strict rules.
harus digantikan dengan with (without).
• I do not like eating any food with vegetable in it
• She does not want to be around people that hurt
Relative pronoun tidak dapat dihilangkan apabila the feelings of other.
subjek dari adjective clause adalah selain to be atau TIDAK BISA MENJADI
have. • She does not want to be around people hurt the
feelings of other.
Berikut beberapa jenis penggunaan adjective clause yang memodifikasi pronouns serta
penjelasannya:
No Contoh Penjelasan
• There is a girl (whom) I love Adjective clause yang digarisbawahi dalam contoh ini
dearly. dapat memodifikasi arti dari indefinite pronouns
• Everything he said was just an (someone, somebody, anybody). Dalam kondisi ini,
1
excuse. biasanya object pronouns (dalam contoh ini, diawali
• Anybody who wants food can come dengan subjek kemudian berlanjut dengan whom atau
to me. which) digunakan dalam sebuah adjective clause.
• Adele was the only one I
recognized at the ceremony. Dalam contoh ini, adjective clause mengubah the only
2
• School should be accessible for one dan those sebagai pronouns.
those who seek for education.
Contoh di samping menunjukkan bahwa adjective clause
• We sometimes fear that which we
3 yang menggunakan which juga dapat digunakan untuk
do not understand.
mengubah pronoun ‘that’.
• The bread my mother makes is
much better than that which you
can buy at store.
• This is the building that he Dalam contoh di samping, penggunaan relative pronouns
designed. ‘that’, mengubah definisi dari object (the building, the
4
• This is the television that he television). ‘That’ menghubungkan independent clause
wants. dengan adjective clause.
• I can’t remember the guy whom I Kalimat (a) sampai (c) merupakan kalimat kompleks
had crush on in high school dengan adjective clause yang dihubungkan dengan
• I can’t remember the guy who I relative pronoun. Jika adjective clause berperan sebagai
had crush on in high school. object yang berupa manusia atau orang, maka relative
5
• I can’t remember the guy that I pronoun formal yang digunakan adalah “whom”. “who”
had crush on in high school dan “that” adalah alternatif bentuk informal dari “whom”.
• I can’t remember the guy I had Kalimat (b) sampai (d) merupakan tatanan informal suatu
crush on in high school. kalimat kompleks yang mengandung adjective clause.