ANALISIS

STRUKTUR I – CV3101

1ST WEEK
Gati Annisa H, MT., Msc.
 COURSE INFORMATION

Course : Analisis Struktur I

Code : CV3101
Lecturer : Gati Annisa H, MT., MSc
Ranny Adriana, S.T., M.T.
Semester :V
Credits : 3 SKS
 1st WEEK
HIGHLIGHT

Class Rules

Concept Maps

Timeline

References

Scoring System
 CLASS RULES
1. Minimum attendance: 80 %

2. Maximum late tolerance: 20 minutes

3. Tap & Run = Absent

4. No Cellphone

5. Standard outfit

6. Calculator is allowed

7. Create your own notes

8. Assigment collection: on time

CONCEPT MAPS
 Pertemuan ke-
Tanggal Topik Bahasan dan Sub Topik Bahasan

CPMK-1 (25%)
1
1.4 1. Pendahuluan (orientasi mata kuliah): Kontrak Belajar, Peta Konsep Mata Kuliah, Learning
Outcome, Pokok-pokok Materi, Referensi, Strategi Pembelajaran, dan Sistem Penilaian.
2. Pengantar analisis struktur statis tak tentu, perbedaan analisis struktur statis tertentu dengan
statis tak tentu, keuntungan dan kerugian struktur statis tak tentu, analisis derajat ketaktentuan
struktur.
3. Pengantar hubungan antara analisis dan desain : yang pada hakikatnya merupakan hubungan
antara kebutuhan kekuatan (required strength/ Demand) dan pemenuhan kekuatan (provided
strength/ Suply).
4. Pengenalan tentang ancaman luar (hazard) yang dapat terjadi pada struktur meliputi semua jenis
beban (beban gravitasi, beban angin, beban gempa)
5. Pengenalan konsep kerentanan internal (vulnerability) hubungannya dengan analisis struktur.
Pengenalan hubungan antara risiko, ancaman luar (hazard) dan kerentanan (vulnerability).

2 Momen ujung terjepit (FEM)

1. FEM pada batang jepit-jepit dengan berbagai macam bentuk beban
2. FEM pada batang jepit-sendi dengan berbagai macam bentuk beban
Balok:
1. Analisis balok statis tak tentu dengan metode slope deflection

Timeline
 Pertemuan ke-
Tanggal Topik Bahasan dan Sub Topik Bahasan

3 Analisis portal tetap statis tak tentu dengan metode slope deflection
4 Analisis portal bergoyang statis tak tentu dengan metode slope deflection
CPMK-2 (25%)
5 1. Pendahuluan Momen Distribusi (Cross dan Takabeya)
2. Metode Hardy Cross pada balok:
- Konsep dasar
- Faktor kekakuan dan faktor pemindah, faktor distribusi
3. Penerapan pada balok statis tak tentu
6 Aplikasi Metode Hardy Cross pada portal tetap statis tak tentu
7 Aplikasi Metode Hardy Cross pada portal bergoyang statis tak tentu
8 UTS
CPMK-3 (35%)
9 1. Metode Takabeya dan aplikasinya pada portal bertingkat banyak: Pendahuluan, momen primer,
angka kekakuan batang (portal dengan tumpuan jepit-jepit & portal dengan tumpuan jepit-sendi),
angka distribusi momen, perbedaan antara portal tetap dengan portal bergoyang
2. Analisis struktur portal tetap: menghitung momen primer, angka kekakuan, angka distribusi,
distribusi momen

Timeline
Pertemuan ke-
Tanggal Topik Bahasan dan Sub Topik Bahasan

10 Analisis struktur portal tetap (Lanjutan):

1. Momen ujung batang, momen akhir terkoreksi, reaksi dukungan
2. Menggambar SFD, BMD, dan NFD pada struktur portal tetap
11 Quiz : Aplikasi metode takabeya pada portal tetap tidak simetris
12 Analisis struktur portal tetap simetris:
1. Menghitung momen primer, angka distribusi, momen ujung batang, momen akhir terkoreksi,
reaksi dukungan
2. Menggambar SFD, BMD, dan NFD pada struktur portal tetap simetris

13 Analisis struktur portal bergoyang:

1. Menghitung momen primer, angka distribusi, angka penggoyangan, distribusi momen, momen
ujung batang, momen akhir terkoreksi, reaksi dukungan.
2. Menggambar SFD, BMD, dan NFD pada struktur portal bergoyang

14 Analisis struktur portal bergoyang akibat penggoyangan horizontal:

1. Menghitung momen primer, angka distribusi, angka penggoyangan, distribusi momen, momen
ujung batang, momen akhir terkoreksi, reaksi dukungan.
2. Menggambar SFD, BMD, dan NFD pada struktur portal bergoyang akibat penggoyangan
horisontal

Timeline
 Pertemuan ke-
Tanggal Topik Bahasan dan Sub Topik Bahasan
CPMK-4 (25%)
15 1. Input data untuk portal bertingkat banyak: geometri struktur, material properties, section
properties, load case, load combination, joint restraint, pembebanan.
2. Validasi hasil analisis portal dari software dengan manual (metode Takabeya).

16 UAS
17 REEVALUASI

Timeline Perkuliahan
 REFERENCES
1. Schodek,D., 2000, Structures, 4th edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
2. Laursen,H.I., 1988 , Structural Analysis, 3th edition, Mcgraw-Hill College.
3. Thimoshenko, S.P., Young,D.H., 1965, Theory of Structures, 2nd edition, Mcgraw-Hill College.
4. Chu-Kia Wang, 1953, Statically Indeterminate Structure, Mcgraw-Hill College.
5. Ghali, A. dan Neville, A. M, 1978, Structural Analysis: Classic and Matrix Methods. Chapman-Hall, London.
6. Hsieh, Yuan-Yu,1982, Theory of Structures, 2nd edition, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
7. Takabeya, F., 1965,. Multi-Story Frame, Wilhelm Ernst and Sons, Berlin.
8. Soetomo, 1981, Perhitungan Portal Bertingkat dengan cara Takabeya, Bagian ke satu (Pengenalan Metode
Takabeya). Jakarta.
9. Soetomo, 1981, Perhitungan Portal Bertingkat dengan cara Takabeya, Bagian kedua (Perluasan Metode
Takabeya). Jakarta.
10. CSI. , 1999,. Structural Analysis Program, California-Berkeley.
 SISTEM PENILAIAN
1. Mahasiswa dinyatakan lulus (mendapat nilai huruf
minimal C) hanya jika setiap CPMK memiliki nilai angka ≥
45. Jika salah satu atau lebih nilai angka CPMK < 45, maka
nilai huruf akhir maksimum adalah “D“.
2. Penentuan komponen dan bobot penilaian
No Komponen Bobot
1 Nilai kompetensi (CPMK) 90 %
2 Kehadiran, keaktifan, dan sikap 10 %
Total 100%
3. Sistem Penilaian
Komponen Penilaian
Kompetensi Bobot
Tugas/ UTS UAS Nilai CPMK
(CPMK) CPMK
Kuis
CPMK-1 25% 40% 60% 100%
CPMK-2 25% 40% 60% 100%
CPMK-3 25% 40% 60% 100%
CPMK-4 25% 40% 60% 100%
Total 100%

Note : Penilaian bersifat absolut atau mutlak

DEFINITION OF STATICALLY
INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES AND
STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES
TYPES OF
STRUCTURES

System usability

Degrees of indeterminacy

Structural form for loads transfer

[Link] [Link] [Link]

[Link]

System Usability
STATICALLY DETERMINATE STRUCTURE
When the static equilibrium equations (𝜮𝑽 = 𝟎; 𝜮𝑯 = 𝟎;
dan 𝜮𝑴 = 𝟎) are sufficient for determining the internal
forces and reactions on that structure. It has 3 supports and
stable.

STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURE

STRUKTUR I – CV3101
When static equilibrium equations (Σ𝑉 = 0; Σ𝐻 = 0; dan
Σ𝑀 = 0) are insufficient for determining the internal forces
and reactions on that structure. Some extra conditions are
required to be used to get to know the unkown reactions.

Degree of Indeterminacy
Beam Plane Truss Space Truss
[Link]

Structural Forms for Load Trasnfer

 STRUKTUR I – CV3101
Plate
Plane Frame Space Frame

[Link]

Structural Forms for Load Trasnfer

INDETERMINACY AND STABILITY OF
STRUCTURES
A STRUCTURE MUST BE IN EQUILIBRIUM STATE, MEANS
All external forces must
equal the internal forces

2D Structure:

3D Structure What is F ?
STRUKTUR I – CV3101 What is M?

Equilibrium of Structure
A STRUCTURE MUST BE IN STABLE STATE,
MEANS Structure can maintain its shape
after being subjected to external
loads or not undergoing a rigid body
shift either in some elements or the
whole elements.

Determinants of STRUKTUR
structuralI stability?
– CV3101
List all structural
1. Number and placement of the supports
supports!
2. 1. Number and arrangement of the elements

Stability of Structure
 O

Lateral Rigid Body Shift Rigid body rotation toward point O

Stability of Structure
 RANGKA BATANG BIDANG (PLANE TRUSS)

Stability requirement : 2D framework connected at their ends by frictionless

hinged joints and subjected to loads and reactions that
m = 2j – r act only at the joints and lie in the plane the structure.
The members are subjected to axial compressive or
tensile forces.
m = number of member m < 2j - r Unstable Structure
j = number of joint m = 2j - r Determinate Structure
r = number of reaction (if geometric stability is guarantee)
m > 2j - r Indeterminate Structure
(if geometric stability is guarantee))
Degree of
Indeterminacy: i = m – (2j – r)

Indeterminacy and Stability of Structures

 EXAMPLE 1:

m = 21
j = 12
r =3
m = 2j – r
m = 2(12)-3
21 = 21 (Stable and determinate structure)
 EXAMPLE 2:

Unstable geometry
m = 21
j = 12
r =3
m = 2j – r
m = 2(12)-3
21 = 21 (Unstable and determinate structure)
 EXAMPLE 3:

m =8
j =6
r =6
m = 2j – r
8 = 2(6)-6
8 >6 (Stable and indeterminate structure) i = m – (2j – r)

Number of degrees? i = 8 – (2.6 – 6) SSTT TK 2

i=2
 CONTINOUS BEAM

Stability requirement : :

r=c+3
c = number of link r<c+3 Struktur tidak stabil
c = 1 for internal hinges r=c+3 Determinate Structure (if geometric stability is guarantee)
c = 2 for internal roll r>c+3 Indeterminate Structure (if geometric stability is guarantee)

Derajat statis tak tentu: i = r – (c + 3)

Indeterminacy and Stability of Structures

 r c r?c+3 Classification

5 2 5=5 Stable & determinate structure

6 2 6>5 Stable & ideterminate structure

5 2 5=5 Unstable

4 3 4<6 Unstable
C=2
C=1

6 3 6=6 Stable & determinate structure

C=1 C=2

7 2 7>5 Unstable

Indeterminacy and Stability of Structures

 PORTAL BIDANG (PLANE FRAME)

Stability requirement: 2D framework connected at their ends by rigid

and/or hinged connections and subjected to
loads and reactions that act at the frames and
3m + r = 3j + c lie in the plane the structure.

3m + r < 3j + c : Unstable
3m + r = 3j + c : Determinate Structure (if geometric stability is guarantee)
3m + r > 3j + c : Indeterminate structure

Indeterminacy and Stability of Structures

*Stable geometry
m r j c 3m+r ? 3j+c Classification

10 9 9 0 39 > 27 indeterminate structure i = 12

10 9 9 4 39 > 31 indeterminate structure i = 8

10 9 9 1 39 > 28 indeterminate structure i = 11

10 6 9 0 36 > 30 indeterminate structure i = 9

Indeterminacy and Stability of Structures

 RANGKA BATANG RUANG (SPACE TRUSS)

Stability requirement :
i = (m + r) – 3j

PORTAL RUANG (SPACE FRAME)

Stability requirement :
i = (6m + r) – 6j

Indeterminacy and Stability of Structures

 RESUME
Types of Structures Stability Types of Structural
Analysis
Plane Truss
Ex: - Unstable - Statis tertentu
- Depends on geometry stability - Statis tak tentu
m < 2j – r - Depends on geometry stability
m = 2j - r
m > 2j - r
Continous Beam
Ex: - Tidak stabil - Statis tertentu
- Depends on geometry stability - Statis tak tentu
r<c+3 - Depends on geometry stability
r=c+3
r>c+3
Plane Frame
Ex: - Tidak stabil - Statis tertentu
- Depends on geometry stability - Statis tak tentu
3m + r < 3j + c and r  3
3m + r = 3j + c - Depends on geometry stability
3m + r > 3j + c dan r  3
 RESUME

Types of Structures Degrees of indeterminacy

Space Truss i = (m + r) - 3j
Ex:

Space Frame i = (6m + r) - 6j

Ex:
ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF
DETERMINATE AND INDETERMINATE
STRUCTURE
“Internal forces can occur in structures without external forces”

For example:

Temperature Change
Difference in Settlement
Fabrication Error
Residual Stress
Prestress
Etc.
1. Lower internal force.

Advantages of Indeterminate Structure

 Struktur jembatan seperti pada gambar berikut.
Gambar (a) menunjukkan jembatan direncanakan
menggunakan struktur statis tertentu sedangkan Gambar
2. More rigid (b) menunjukkan jembatan direncanakan dengan struktur
statis tak tentu.
Jika terjadi kegagalan struktur pada pilar B, maka
3. Indeterminate structure can jembatan (a) akan langsung roboh, sedangkan jembatan
(b) masih stabil.
distribute force if overload Internal Hinge

Pict
occurs (a)

Statically unstable Statically stable

Internal Hinge

Pict
(b)

Statically indeterminate beam Statically indeterminate beam

ç
1. Internal force occurs due to settlement

2. Internal force occurs due to temperature change and fabrication error

Statically determinate beam Statically indeterminate beam

Disadvantages of Indeterminate Structure

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN RELATIONSHIP
Structural Analysis :

The process of examining response (related to the strength and flexibility) of a

structure and its elements to the influences of forces that work on that structure

Structural Design :

The process of determining structural geometry and material properties of each

structural element, in order to meet the strength and flexibility requirements
based on the external load that will work in accordance with the shape and
function of the building

Analysis and Design

 STRUCTURE

ANALYSIS STRUCTURE
Joint Reactions (V, H, M).
Internal Forces (M, L, N, T)
Displacement (Translation, Rotation)

MANUAL
SOFTWARE I
(Slope Deflection, Cross, Takabeya,
(SAP, ETABS, SANS, dll)
Matrix, dll)

DESIGN Analysis and Design

 ANALI SI S D ESAI N

Analisis Mekanika Desain Struktur

Analisis Beban Renc. Bangunan

Geometri Beban
Struktur Kerja
Analisis Gaya Renc. Geometri Str
Berat
Sendiri
Analisis Gaya
Analisis Tegangan

Properti
Desain Elemen
Elemen
An. Tegangan
Penetapan Prop. Matr.
Properti
Material
An. Kemampuan Penetapan Prop. Elemen

Analysis and Design

In idealizing a structure, things that need attentions include:

1. Idealization of the shape structure

2. Idealization of the joint structure
3. Idealization of the support

Structural Idealization
Idealization of Shape Structure

1D Line or curve

2D Plate or shell
Shell

Combination of several 1D = FRAME

• It provides certain assumptions such as displacement,
rotation, and stress distribution (axial, bending, and shear)

Structural Idealization
Idealization of Shape Structure

Shear Diagram

Moment
Diagram

Structural Idealization
Idealization of Joint Structure

Pinned Joint
Only axial force and shear force can be transferred from one member to another.
It doesn’t resist moment or rotation (only vertical and horizontal movement)

Structural Idealization
Idealization of Joint Structure

Rigid Joint → In structural analysis, usually we use this idealization

Axial force, shear force, and bending moment can be transferred from one member to another. It
can resist rotation, relative horizontal movement as well as relative vertical moment.

Structural Idealization
 Idealization of Support

Rolled
Pinned
Fixed
Spring / Link

Structural Idealization
STRUCTURAL THREATS (HAZARD)
 Beban mati, yaitu beban dari semua
bagian bangunan yang sifatnya tetap
dalam waktu yang relatif lama.

Beban hidup, yaitu beban yang terjadi akibat

penghunian bangunan, termasuk barang-barang
di lantai bangunan yang dapat berpindah-pindah
(meja, kursi, penghuni, dsb).

Upper Structure
Besarnya berubah–ubah (tidak pasti).

Beban gempa, yaitu semua beban statik

ekuivalen maupun beban dinamik yang bekerja
pada bangunan yang identik dengan pengaruh
gerakan tanah pada bangunan akibat terjadinya
gempa.

Beban angin, yaitu semua beban yang bekerja

Sub Structure

pada bangunan yang disebabkan oleh selisih

tekanan udara.

Beban khusus, yaitu semua beban yang bekerja pada

bangunan akibat hal-hal khusus, misalnya: getaran mesin,
selisih suhu, dsb.
Fenomena Alam Gempa
(2017)

Seismic Hazard Map

Seismic Hazard Map
Seismic Hazard Map
Seismic Hazard Map
 EARTHQUAKES DON’T KILL PEOPLE, BUT BUILDINGS DO.

1. Ground Shaking

Earthquake Effects
2. Surface Rupture

Earthquake Effects
3. Landslides

Earthquake Effects
4. Liquifaction

Earthquake Effects
5. Tsunami

Earthquake Effects
6. Structural Damage

Earthquake Effects
6. Structural Damage

Earthquake Effects
6. Structural Damage

IAI, Jogja

Earthquake Effects
6. Structural Damage

Fakultas Hukum, UII, Jogja

Earthquake Effects