I.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
I - 1 MENGEKSPRESIKAN SUATU HARAPAN UNTUK PRESENT/ FUTURE.
Orang berharap bila mereka menginginkan sesuatu yang berbeda dengan keadaan yang ada sekarang, dengan kata
lain sesuatu yang berlawanan dengan kenyataan sekarang.
“Noun clause” biasanya selalu mengikuti kata “wish”. Dalam hal ini verb khusus pun digunakan di dalam “noun
clause” ini.
Bila si pembicara mengekspresikan suatu harapan dengan kata “wish” tentang suatu situasi yang ada sekarang, maka
ia akan menggunakan bentuk “past”.
MENGEKSPRESIKAN SUATU HARAPAN TENTANG
SITUASI YANG ADA SEKARANG
SITUASI YANG ADA TERSEBUT
I don’t know how to dance. a. I wish (that) I knew how to dance.
I don’t have a bicycle. b. I wish I had a bicycle.
Dan has to work tonight c. Ron wishes he didn’t have to work tonight.
I can’t speak Chinese. d. I wish I could speak Chinese.

Tetapi bila ada penggunaan “to be” dalam kalimat di situasi yang ada sekarang, cara mengekspresikan harapan
tentang situasi tersebut, maka bentuk “were” digunakan pada semua subyek. Perhatikan contoh yang ada dibawah
ini.
MENGEKSPRESIKAN SUATU HARAPAN TENTANG
SITUASI YANG ADA SEKARANG
SITUASI YANG ADA TERSEBUT
I am not home in bed. e. I wish I were home in bed.
I am not rich. f. I wish I were rich.
It is cold today. g. I wish it weren’t cold today.
We aren’t in Hawaii h. We wish we were in Hawaii.
Ann isn’t home in bed. i. Ann wishes she were home in bed.

Latihan 1.
Lengkapilah kalimat yang ada dibawah ini dengan informasi yang telah diberikan.
SITUASI YANG ADA SEKARANG MENGEKSPRESIKAN SUATU PENGHARAPAN
1. I don’t have a car. I wish (that) I had a car .
2. Alice doesn’t have a car. Alice wishes (that) she had a car .
3. I have a cold. I wish ___________________________________.
4. I don’t have tape recorder. I wish ___________________________________.
5. I don’t know how to swim. I wish ___________________________________.
6. Billy doesn’t have a good job. Billy wishes ___________________________________.
7. I live in the small hut. I wish ___________________________________.
8. I can’t visit my father. I wish ___________________________________.
9. My friend can’t come to the party. I wish ___________________________________.
10. I am not at home right now. I wish ___________________________________.
11. It isn’t Saturday. He wishes ___________________________________.
12. I have to study for the test. I wish ___________________________________.
13. She is not rich and famous. She wishes ___________________________________.
14. I can’t play the piano. I wish ___________________________________.

Latihan 2.
Pelajari bentuk dalam contoh dibawah ini dan kemudian Lengkapilah kalimat yang ada dengan menggunakan kata
bantu kata kerja.
1. I don’t have a car, but I wish I did .
2. I have to study tonight, but I wish I didn’t .
3. I can’t speak English well, but I wish I could .
4. I am not tall, but I wish I were .
5. My sister is fat, but she wishes she weren’t .
6. I don’t know George Michael, but I wish I _____________.
7. I have to take a history course, but I wish _____________.
8. I can’t dance very well, but I wish _____________.
9. I am not a good cook, but I wish I _____________.
10. Linda isn’t a good writer, but she wishes she _____________.
11. Jack has to do the laundry, but he wishes he _____________.
12. Carol doesn’t live in the same city as her boyfriend, but she wishes she _____________.
13. It’s too cold to go swimming today, but I wish it _____________.
14. I have to mop the floor every morning, but I wish _____________.
15. I don’t remember that man’s name, but I wish I _____________.

Latihan 3.
Lengkapilah kalimat yang ada dibawah ini, dengan menggunakan kata bantu kata kerja untuk penyelesaiannya.
1. A: Can you go to the meeting tonight?
B: No, _____________, but I wish _____________.
2. A: Are you a good musician?
B: No, _____________, but I wish _____________

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 1
 3. A: Do you smoke?
B: Yes, _____________, but I wish _____________.
4. A: Does your brother know how to play a musical instrument?
B: No, _____________, but I wish _____________.
5. A: Can you play a musical instrument?
B: No, _____________, but I wish _____________.
6. A: Do you have to take the bus to work?
B: Yes, _____________, but I wish _____________.
7. A: Do you understand what David is talking about?
B: No, _____________, but I wish _____________.
8. A: Do you know the people who live in the apartment next to yours?
B: No, _____________, but I wish _____________.
9. A: Is your roommate neat?
B: No, _____________, but I wish _____________.
10. A: Are the students always on time for class?
B: N, _____________,, but the teacher wishes _____________.
11. A: Do you have enough time to drink a cup of coffee between classes?
B: No, _____________, but I wish _____________.
12. A: Can you come over to my house for dinner tomorrow night?
B: I am sorry, but I _____________. I wish, _____________.
13. A: Is there a grocery store near your house?
B: No, _____________, but I wish _____________.
14. A: Is there are public transportation around Yogya after six?
B: No, _____________, but we wish _____________.

I - 2 MENJELASKAN HARAPAN WAKTU LAMPAU.

Didalam menggunakan “wish (harapan)” tentang situasi lampau, kita menggunakan bentuk “Past Perfect”.
SITUASI YANG ADA BERHARAP TENTANG MASA LAMPAU
I didn’t study for the test a. I wish (that) I had studied for the test.
He didn’t finish my work b. He wish he had finished his work.
I went to the meeting. c. I wish I hadn’t gone to the meeting.

Latihan 4.
Marilah kita latihan dengan menggunakan kata “wish” dengan informasi yang telah diberikan di sebelah kiri.
THE TRUE SITUATION MAKING A WISH
1. Bobby didn’t tell me the truth. I wish (that) he had told me the truth .
2. I didn’t call my sister last night. I wish ________________________________.
3. I didn’t have any saving. I wish ________________________________.
4. I didn’t study English well in high school. I wish ________________________________.
5. Tom spent all of his money yesterday . He wishes ________________________________.
6. She didn’t go to the class yesterday. She wishes ________________________________.
7. Jerry wasn’t at the meeting last week. I wish ________________________________.
8. He isn’t here today. We wish ________________________________.
9. Emily doesn’t understand my problem. I wish ________________________________.
10. Emily didn’t help me. I wish ________________________________.

Latihan 5.
Lengkapi kalimat yang ada dibawah ini dengan bentuk yang benar dengan kata kerja yang telah disediakan di dalam
kurung.
1. It took me five days to get to Banda Aceh from Yogya by bus. I wish I (fly) ____________ there instead of
taking the bus.
2. I miss my family. I wish they (be) ____________ here now.
3. The kitchen is a mess this morning. I wish I (wash) ____________ the dishes last night.
4. I would like to wear my black suit to the meeting today, but it’s wrinkled and dirty. I wish I (take)
____________ it to the cleaner’s last week.
5. I have to walk up three flights of stairs to get to my apartment. I wish my apartment building (have)
____________ an elevator.
6. I wish I (know) ____________ more English.
7. Susan bought a used car a couple of months ago. It’s given her nothing but trouble. She wishes she (buy, not)
____________ it.
8. I am tired today, I wish I (stay up, not) ____________ late last night.
9. I would like to go camping this weekend. I wish the weather (be, not) ____________ so cold.
10. I wish I (can, remember) ____________ where I put the pliers. I can’t find them anywhere.
11. You told me to save a little money out of each of my paychecks, but I didn’t. I wish ____________ your
advice.
12. My brother goes to school in another city. He came here last Friday to spend a few days with me. I’ve
enjoyed having him here. I wish he (have to, not) ____________ leave today. I wish he (can spend)
____________ a few more days here.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 2
 Latihan 6.
Lengkapi kalimat yang ada dibawah ini dengan menggunakan kata bantu kata kerja.
1. Bobby didn’t tell me the truth, but I wish he had .
2. I don’t know Bobby Mc Coldwell, but I wish did .
3. I can’t move into a new house, but I _____________.
4. I didn’t finish my work last night, but I wish _____________.
5. Sandy didn’t come to my birthday party, but I wish _____________.
6. I don’t have enough money to buy a computer, but I wish _____________.
7. I am too lazy to go for a walk, but I wish I _____________.
8. I didn’t study any English before I came here, but I wish _____________.
9. My sister doesn’t speak Chinese, but she wishes she _____________.
10. I doubt to take any decision, but I wish _____________.

Latihan 7.
Lengkapi kalimat percakapan yang ada dibawah ini dengan menggunakan kata bantu kata kerja untuk
penyelesaiannya.
1. A: Did you go to the party Saturday night?
B: Yes, I did , but I wish I hadn’t . It was really boring.
2. A: You looked pale. Did you have breakfast this morning?
B: No, ____________, but I wish ____________. I am hungry and my head is dizzy now.
3. A: Do you exercise regularly?
B: No, ____________, but I wish ____________. I always feel better when I exercise regularly.
4. A: Did you study for the final exam?
B: No, ____________, but I wish ____________. So that’s why I failed in this State Final Exam.
5. A: Are you a good artist?
B: No, ____________, but I wish ____________. I would like to be able to draw.
6. A: Did you go to the movie last night?
B: Yes, ____________, but I wish ____________. It was a waste of time and money.
7. A: Do you have to eat at the school canteen?
B: Yes, ____________, but I wish ____________. The food is lousy.
8. A: Do you understand Chinese?
B: No, ____________, but I wish ____________.
9. A: Is it hard to learn a second language?
B: Yes, ____________, but I wish ____________.

I-3 MENGGUNAKAN IF, UNTUK SESUATU YANG BERTENTANGAN DENGAN KENYATAAN YANG
SEBENARNYA (SEANDAINYA) DALAM BENTUK PRESENT/ FUTURE.
Kata “If” sering digunakan untuk membicarakan tentang situasi yang berlawanan dengan kenyataan yang
sebenarnya (atau dengan kata lain “seandainya”),
Keadaan yang ada → a. I do not have enough money.
Yang diharapkan → b. I wish I had enough money.
Menggunakan “If” → c. If I had enough money, I would buy a brand new computer.
→ d. If I had enough money, I could buy a brand new computer.

Keadaan yang ada → e. The weather isn’t nice today.

Yang diharapkan → f. I wish the weather were nice today.
Menggunakan “If” → g. If the weather were nice today, I would go to the park.
→ h. If the weather were nice today, I could go to the park.

Kalimat “seandainya” (Contrary to fact) menggunakan bentuk “if clause” dan sebuah “result clause” yang disebut
sebagai “Conditional sentences” (atau artinya “kalimat pengandaian”). Dalam hal ini bentuk kata kerja yang
spesifik digunakan di dalam kalimat ini.
Bentuk “Simple Past” digunakan untuk membicarakan/ mendiskusikan tentang situasi “present atau future” dengan
“if clause”. Sedangkan “Would atau could” digunakan dalam “result clause” nya.
IF CLAUSE → Simple Past tense. RESULT CLAUSE → Would/ could + simple form (V1)
i. If I had enough money, I would buy a car. Pada contoh i) dan j), si pembicara sedang
If Clause Result Clause
membicarakan tentang keadaan sekarang, tetapi dia
j. I would go to the park if the weather were nice. menggunakan bentuk “simple past” di dalam “if-clause
Result Clause If Clause
nya”.
k. If I had enough money, I would buy a car. “Would mengekspresikan suatu maksud/ keinginan/
(Dalam hal ini si pembicara ingin membeli mobil). hasrat.
l. If I had enough money, I could buy a car. “Could” mengekspresikan suatu opsi keinginan/
(Dalam hal ini si pembicara mengekspresikan suatu kemampuan.
kemungkinan). “Could = would be able to”
Perhatikan contoh m), n) dan o), to be “were” yang
m. If the weather were nice, I’d go to the park.
digunakan dan bukan “was” untuk subyek tunggal
n. If Cathy were here, she would help us.
sekalipun dalam kalimat pengandaian dengan “if-
o. If I were you, I wouldn’t accept that job.
clause”

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 3
 Latihan 8.
Lengkapi kalimat dengan menggunakan kata yang ada di dalam kurung.
1. TRUE SITUATION → I don’t have enough time.
a. I wish I (have) ____________ enough time.
b. If I (have) ____________ enough time, I (go) ____________ to the mall.
2. TRUE SITUATION → I don’t have enough money.
a. I wish I (have) ____________ enough money.
b. If I (have) ____________ enough money, I (fly) ____________ home this weekend.
3. TRUE SITUATION → It is cold today.
a. I wish it (be, not) ____________ cold today.
b. If it (be, not) ____________ cold today, I (go) ____________ swimming.
4. TRUE SITUATION → I don’t know how to swim.
a. I wish I (know) ____________ how to swim.
b. If I (know) ____________ how to swim, I (go) ____________ to the beach with you.
5. TRUE SITUATION → I don’t understand that sentence.
a. I wish I (understand) ____________ that sentence.
b. If I (understand) ____________ that sentence, I (explain) ____________ it to you.
6. TRUE SITUATION → I have to go to class today.
a. I wish I (have to go, not) ____________ to class today.
b. If I (have to go, not) ____________ to class today, I (go) ____________ shopping, or I (visit)
____________ my friends.
7. TRUE SITUATION → It isn’t Saturday.
a. I wish it (be) ____________ Saturday.
b. If it (be) ____________ Saturday, I (do) ____________ something fun tonight.
8. TRUE SITUATION → I am not rich.
a. I wish I (be) ____________ rich.
b. If I (be) ____________ rich, I (buy) ____________ a very nice house, a brand new car, and go
around the world.
Latihan 9.
Lengkapi kalimat yang ada dibawah ini dengan kata kerja yang disiapkan di dalam kurung.
1. Ricky doesn’t study hard. If he (study) ____________ harder, he (get) ____________ better grades.
2. The weather isn’t nice. I (take) ____________ a walk if the weather (be) ____________ nice.
3. My wife and I want to buy a house, but houses are too expensive. We (buy) ____________ a house if we
(have) ____________ money for down payment.
4. If money (grow) ____________ on tress, all of us (be) ____________ rich.
5. Life (be) ____________ boring if everyone (have) ____________ the same opinions about everything.
6. If I (be) ____________ you, I (tell) ____________ the truth to the District Attorney about the whole
situation.
7. Airplane tickets are expensive. If they (be) ____________ cheap, I (fly) ____________ to Singapore and
Malaysia every weekend.
8. I wish I (have) ____________ a camera. I (take) ____________ a picture of the sunset tonight if I (have)
____________ it.
9. The student’s cafeteria is relatively inexpensive, but the food isn’t very good. I (eat) ____________ there all
the time if the food (be) ____________ better.
10. Sometimes our teacher gives surprises tests. If I (teach) ____________ this English class, I (give, not)
____________ surprise tests.
11. I wish I (have) ____________ a car. If I (have) ____________ a car, I (drive) ____________ anywhere I
want.
12. I am very tired tonight. If I (be, not) ____________ tired, I (go) ____________ to the movie with you.

Latihan 10.
Jawablah pertanyaan yang ada dibawah ini dengan menggunakan “if clause”, dengan menggunakan kata-katamu dan
imajinasi-mu sendiri.
1. What would you do if you were the president of this country?
2. What would you do if you were the police officer?
3. What would you do if you were the richest person in the world?
4. What would you do if you were a leader?
5. What would you do if you were a teacher?
6. What could you do if you were a genius person?
7. What could you do if you were the best architect in the world?
8. What could you do if you became a parent?

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 4
I-4 MENGGUNAKAN IF, ANTARA KENYATAAN SEBENARNYA VERSUS SEANDAINYA DALAM
BENTUK PRESENT/ FUTURE.
TRUE SITUATION Pada contoh a), Perhaps you need some money. If that is
a. If you need some money, I will lend you. true, I will (or can) lend you some.
If you need some money, I can lend you Perlu diingat, jangan menggunakan “will” dengan “if
(Simple Present) Clause”
SEANDAINYA (CONTRARY-TO-FACT SITUATION)
b. If you needed some money, I would lend you some. Pada contoh b), In truth, you don’t need money. But if the
If you needed some money, I could lend you some. opposite is true (tetapi, kalau memang seandainya benar), I
(Simple Past) would (or could) lend you some.

RINGKASAN PEMAKAIAN BENTUK KATA KERNYA (UNTUK PRESENT/ FUTURE).

SITUATION IF CLAUSE RESULT CLAUSE
Will + Verb 1
True Simple Present
Can + Verb 1
Contrary-to-fact Would + Verb 1
Simple Past
(Seandainya) Could + Verb 1

Latihan 11.
Lengkapilah kalimat yang ada dibawah ini dengan kata kerja yang telah disediakan didalam kurung. Beberapa
kalimat menjelaskan situasi sebenarnya, dan sebagian mengekspresikan situasi seandainya.
1. Maybe I will have enough time tonight, if I (have) have enough time. I (write) will write a letter
to my cousin.
2. I won’t have enough time tonight. But if I (have) had enough time, I (write) would write a
letter to my cousin.
3. Maybe I will have enough money. If I (have) ___________ money, I (buy) ___________ a ticket to the rock
concert.
4. Unfortunately, I don’t have enough money. But if I (have) ___________ enough money, I (buy)
___________ a ticket to the rock concert.
5. Maybe I will buy a car. But if I (buy) ___________ a car. I (drive) ___________ to Jakarta next month to
visit my sister.
6. I am not going to buy a car. If I (buy) ___________ a car. I (drive) ___________ to Jakarta to visit my sister.
7. The weather is terrible today. But if the weather (be) ___________ good, I (go) ___________ to downtown
to get some books.
8. Maybe the weather will be nice tomorrow. If the weather (be) ___________ nice, I (go) ___________ to
downtown to get some books.
9. I know that you don’t want to go to a movie tonight. But if you (want) ___________ to go to a movie, I (go)
___________ with you.

I - 5 MENGGUNAKAN IF, DENGAN PENGANDAIAN (CONTRARY-TO-FACT) DALAM BENTUK PAST.

“Kalimat conditional” yang menerangkan sesuatu di waktu lampau mempunyai bentuk kata kerja khusus.
IF CLAUSE → Past perfect RESULT CLAUSE → Would have/ could have + V3
Keadaan yang ada sebenarnya → a. I didn’t have enough money.
Yang diharapkan → b. I wish I had had money.
Menggunakan if → c. If I had had enough money, I would have bought a car.
→ d. If I had had enough money, I could have bought a car.

Keadaan yang ada sebenarnya → e. The weather wasn’t nice yesterday.

Yang diharapkan → f. I wish the weather had been nice yesterday.
Menggunakan if → g. If the weather had been nice yesterday, I would have gone to the park.
→ h. If the weather had been nice yesterday, I could have gone to the park.

Latihan 12.
Lengkapi kalimat yang ada dibawah ini dengan menggunakan kata yang telah disediakan didalam kurung.,
1. TRUE SITUATION → I didn’t have enough time yesterday.
a. I wish I (have) ____________ enough time yesterday.
b. If I (have) ____________ enough time yesterday. I (go) ____________ to the park.
2. TRUE SITUATION → I didn’t have enough money last night.
a. I wish I (have) ____________ enough money last night.
b. If I (have) ____________ enough money last night. I (buy) ____________ that computer.
3. TRUE SITUATION → She didn’t come to my party last night.
a. I wish she (come) ____________ to my party.
b. If she (come) ____________ to my party, she (meet) ____________ my parents.
4. TRUE SITUATION → It was cold yesterday.
a. I wish it (be, not) ____________ cold yesterday.
b. If it (be, not) ____________ cold yesterday, I (go) ____________ swimming.
5. TRUE SITUATION → Martin didn’t study for the final exam.
a. Martin wishes he (study) ____________ for the test.
b. If he (study) ____________ for the test, he (pass) ____________ it.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 5
 I-6 RINGKASAN BENTUK KATA KERJA YANG DIGUNAKAN DALAM PENGGUNAKAN DENGAN IF
(CONDITIONAL SENTENCES).
SITUATION IF-CLAUSE RESULT CLAUSE CONTOH
True in the present/ Will + Verb 1 If I have enough money, I will buy a car.
Simple Present
future Can + Verb 1 If I have enough money, I can buy a car.
Kalimat seandainya
Would + Verb 1 If I had enough money, I would buy a car.
(Contrary-to-fact) in Simple Past
Could + Verb 1 If I had enough money, I could buy a car.
the present/ future
If I had had enough money, I would have
Kalimat seandainya
Would have + Verb 3 bought a car.
(Contrary-to-fact) in Past Perfect
Could have + Verb 3 If I had had enough money, I could have
the past
bought a car.

Latihan 13.
Lengkapilah kalimat yang ada dibawah ini dengan kata yang ada didalam kurung.
1. I didn’t feel good yesterday. If I (feel) ____________ better, I (come) ____________ to class yesterday.
2. I don’t feel good today. If I (feel) ____________ better, I (take) ____________ a walk in the park today.
3. I have a cold today, but I will probably feel better tomorrow. If I (feel) ____________ better tomorrow, I (go)
____________ to class.
4. I am sorry that you didn’t come to the party. If you (come) ____________, you (have) ____________ a good
time.
5. I didn’t know that Bob was sick. If I (know) ____________ that he was sick, I (take) ____________ him
some chicken soup.
6. I am tired. If I (be, not) ____________ tired, I (help) ____________ you.
7. Rain is predicted for tomorrow. If it (rain) ____________ tomorrow, I (stay) ____________ home.
8. I may have fifty thousand rupiahs. Let me look in my wallet. If I (have) ____________ fifty thousand, I
(lend) ____________ it to you.
9. I don’t have any money. If I (have) ____________ twenty thousand, I (lend) ____________ it to you.
10. I didn’t have fifty thousand yesterday. If I (have) ____________ fifty thousand, I (Lend) ____________ it to
you.
11. I didn’t know it was your birthday yesterday. I wish you (tell) ____________ me. I (get) ____________ you
a present if I (know) ____________ it was your birthday yesterday.
12. Why didn’t you tell me when your plane was supposed to arrive? If you (tell) ____________ me, I (pick)
____________ you up at the airport.

Latihan 14.
Buatlah kalimat dengan menggunakan “wish” dan “if”, dengan mengikuti pola yang diberikan contoh dibawah ini.
Contoh: I don’t have enough time.
→ I wish I had enough time. If I had enough time, I would like to write a book.
I didn’t have enough time.
→ I wish I had had enough time. If I had had enough time, I would have gone to church.
1. I didn’t know that my uncle was in the hospital.
2. I don’t know how to play the guitar.
3. I didn’t have any telephone at home.
4. I never learned English well in high school.
5. I made mistake.
I - 7 REVIEW.
 Orang berharap bila mereka menginginkan sesuatu yang berbeda dengan keadaan yang ada sekarang, dengan
kata lain sesuatu yang berlawanan dengan kenyataan sekarang. Bila si pembicara mengekspresikan suatu
harapan dengan kata “wish” tentang suatu situasi yang ada sekarang, maka ia akan menggunakan bentuk
“past”.
Perhatikan beberapa contoh ini:
MENGEKSPRESIKAN SUATU HARAPAN
SITUASI YANG ADA SEKARANG
TENTANG SITUASI YANG ADA TERSEBUT
I don’t know how to speak English d. I wish (that) I knew how to speak English.
I don’t have a car. e. I wish I had a car.

 Tetapi bila ada penggunaan “to be” dalam kalimat di situasi sekarang, cara mengekspresikan harapan
tersebut, bentuk “were” digunakan pada semua subyek. Perhatikan contoh yang ada dibawah ini.
MENGEKSPRESIKAN SUATU HARAPAN
SITUASI YANG ADA SEKARANG
TENTANG SITUASI YANG ADA TERSEBUT
I am not rich. a. I wish I were rich.
It is cold today. b. I wish it weren’t cold today.
The plane tickets aren’t cheap. c. We wish the plane tickets were cheap.

 Didalam menggunakan “wish (harapan)” tentang situasi lampau, kita menggunakan bentuk “Past Perfect”.
SITUASI YANG ADA BERHARAP TENTANG MASA LAMPAU
I didn’t study for the test f. I wish (that) I had studied for the test.
He didn’t finish my work g. He wish he had finished his work.
I went to the meeting. h. I wish I hadn’t gone to the meeting.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 6
  Kata “If” sering digunakan untuk membicarakan tentang situasi yang berlawanan dengan kenyataan yang
sebenarnya (atau dengan kata lain “seandainya”), dengan menggunakan bentuk “if clause” dan sebuah “result
clause” yang disebut sebagai “Conditional sentences” (atau artinya “kalimat pengandaian”). Dalam hal ini
bentuk kata kerja yang spesifik digunakan di dalam kalimat ini. Bentuk “Simple Past” digunakan untuk
membicarakan/ mendiskusikan tentang situasi “present atau future” dengan “if clause”. Sedangkan “Would
atau could” digunakan dalam “result clause” nya.
Perhatikan contoh dibawah ini,
 If I had enough money, I would/ could buy a brand new computer.
 If I were you, I wouldn’t accept that job.
to be “were” yang digunakan dan bukan “was” untuk subyek tunggal sekalipun dalam kalimat
pengandaian dengan “if-clause”
 “Kalimat conditional” yang menerangkan sesuatu di waktu lampau mempunyai bentuk kata kerja khusus.
Keadaan yang ada sebenarnya → a. I didn’t have enough money.
Yang diharapkan → b. I wish I had had money.
Menggunakan if → c. If I had had enough money, I would have bought a car.
→ d. If I had had enough money, I could have bought a car.

Latihan 15.
Jawablah pertanyaan dibawah ini dengan “No” dan gunakan “wish”.
Contoh: Can you speak Japanese?
No, I can’t, but I wish I could.
1. Did you see Naga Bonar the movie?
2. Did you go to bed early last night?
3. Do you still remember what the formula to find the percentage is?
4. Can you help me with my work tomorrow?
5. Are you full of energy today?
6. Do you know how to type with your ten fingers?
7. Is your family here?
8. Do you have to go to class tomorrow morning?
9. Did you understand everything she say?

Latihan 16.
Lengkapi kalimat yang ada dibawah ini dengan menggunakan kata-katamu sendiri. Beberapa kalimat menjelaskan
situasi sebenarnya, dan sebagian mengekspresikan situasi seandainya.
1. If I have enough money ____________________________________________.
2. If I had enough money ____________________________________________.
3. If I have enough time ____________________________________________.
4. If I had enough time ____________________________________________.
5. If I became the president ____________________________________________.
6. If I am a decision maker ____________________________________________.
7. I would fly to San Francisco if ____________________________________________.
8. I will travel every month if ____________________________________________.
9. I will get angry ____________________________________________.
10. If someone stole my properties ____________________________________________.
11. I will not be in class tomorrow ____________________________________________.

Latihan 17.
Buatlah kalimat degan menggunakan “if”. Ikuti pola seperti contoh yang disediakan dibawah ini.
Contoh: If I have enough money, …
 If I have money, I will buy a car.
 If I have a car, I will travel around.
 If I travel around, I will visit the rural area.
 If I visit rural area , I …
Contoh: If I had enough money, ….
 If I had enough money, I would fly around the world.
 If I flew around the world, I would take Singapore Airlines.
 If I took Singapore Airlines, I could get for flying mileage.
 If I got flying mileage, I …
Contoh: If I had had enough money, …
 If I had had enough money, I could have bought a car.
 If I had bought a car, I would have traveled around Indonesia.
 If I had traveled around Indonesia, I would have visited Lombok.
 If I had visited Lombok, I ….
1. What would you do if you were the teacher in this class?
 _________________________________________________________.
 _________________________________________________________.
 _________________________________________________________.
2. What would have you done if you had become the president?
 _________________________________________________________.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 7
  _________________________________________________________.
3. If I had a million dollar,
 _________________________________________________________.
 _________________________________________________________.
 _________________________________________________________.
4. If you had had the chance to change this system,
 _________________________________________________________.
 _________________________________________________________.
 _________________________________________________________.
5. If you were a famous artist.
 _________________________________________________________.
 _________________________________________________________.
 _________________________________________________________.

Latihan 18.
Tulislah kembali kalimat yang ada dibawah ini dengan menggunakan “if”.
1. I didn’t see him, so I didn’t pay him the money.
2. She doesn’t spend much time with her children, so she doesn’t know their friends.
3. He didn’t lock the windows. A burglar climbed in and took his properties.
4. The woman wasn’t able to find an ambulance, so her husband died on the street.
5. He doesn’t have anyone to help him, so he won’t finish the job on time.
6. They didn’t give her a job, so her family finances didn’t change.
7. I am not a mayor; I can’t do more to improve public transportation.
8. I don’t have enough money, so I can’t take a long vacation.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 8