CONDITIONAL
Pola conditional merupakan bentuk kalimat pengandaian dengan ciri hadirnya kata jika/apabila
yang umumnya dinyatakan dengna if. Terdapat dua kategori besar pola pengandaian yakni: the real
(factual dan habitual) dan unreal (contrary to the fact).
1. The real conditional, yang lebih dikenal dengna istilah future conditional, merupakan pola
lamunan yang menyatakan sesuatu memiliki peluang untuk terjadi bila syarat tertentu
terpenuhi – selanjutnya disebut conditional type I.
2. The unreal conditional merupakan pola lamunan yang merupakan pengingakaran dari fakta
sebenarnya akan atau sedang atau telah terjadi, yang dibicarakan sebenarnya tidak atau
tidak akan terjadi. Unreal conditiona ini memiliki dua varian yakni pertama:
1) lamunan yang berkontradiksi dengan apa yang sebenarnya akan terjadi atau sedang
terjadi sekarang, yang lebih dikenal dengna present conditional atau conditional type 2.
2) Lamunan yang berkontradiksi dengan apa yang sebenarnya sudah terjadi, yang lebih
dikenal dengan past conditional atau conditional type 2.
1. Future conditional (conditional type 1)
Pengandaian ini menyatakan sesuatu mungkin terjadi pada waktu mendatang ataupun
sekarang jika syarat/kondisi tertentu terpenuhi. Conditional type 1 dibentuk oleh rangkaian
simple present sebagai sub-clause dan simple future sebagai main clause.
Rumus:
Will
can
If + subject + present + subject 2 + may + verb 1 (simple form)
must
Contoh:
- If you come with me for a joyride tonight, you will have a great fun.
- If you don’t have any money, you may borrow from me.
- You must study hard if you want to enter favorite university.
[Link] Aisyah, S. Hum
# ‘if’ pada pola di atas dapat dilesapkan/dihilangkan tanpa mengubah makna dengan mengubah
struktur polanya kedalam bentuk inversi:
Will
can
should + subject + simple form + subject 2 + may + verb 1 (simple form)
must
- If you come with me for a joyride tonight, you will have a great fun = should you come with
me for a joyride tonight, you will have a great fun
- If you don’t have any money, you may borrow from me = should you not have any money,
you may borrow from me.
- You must study hard if you want to enter favorite university = should you want to enter
favorite university, you must study hard.
- If we finish the assignment today, we can have a free time next week = should we finish the
assignment today, we can have a free time next week.
Untuk menyatakan kebiasaan atau habitual, pergunakan pola berikut:
if + subject + simple present tense … + simple present tense …
Contoh:
- If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits his patients in the hospital in the afternoon.
- John usually walks to school if he has enough time.
Untuk membuat kalimat perintah atau command, pergunakan pola berikut:
if + subject + simple present tense … + command form …
if + subject + simple present tense … + command form *…
Contoh:
[Link] Aisyah, S. Hum
- If you go to the post office, please mail this letter for me.
- Don’t tell this problem to father if you care of me.
2. Present conditional (conditional type 2)
Pengandaian ini menyatakan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan apa yang ada atau terjadi sekarang
atau belakangan ini.
Rumus:
would
could
If + subject 1 + simple past + subject 2 + might + verb 1/be
Contoh:
- if I had time, I would go to the beach with you this weekend.
(saya sebenarnya tidak punya waktu sehingga tidak bisa pergi
- He would tell you about it if he were* here.
(dia akan mengatakan hal itu jika dia ada disnini – sayangnya dia tidak ada disini)
(*) untuk conditional tupe 2 hanya to be ‘were’ yang digunakan untuk semua subjek.
# ‘if’ dengan menggunakan to be ‘were’ pada pola diatas dapat dilesapkan/dihilangkan tanpa
mengubah makna dengna mengubah struktur polanya kedalam bentuk inversi:
would
could
were + subject 1 + adjective/adverb/noun + subject 2 + might + verb 1/be
- He would tell you about it if he were here = were he here, he would tell you about it.
- If I were you, I would start packing now = were I you, I would start packing now.
- If I had time, I would go to the beach with you this weekend = were I to have time, I would
go to the beach with you this weekend.
[Link] Aisyah, S. Hum
3. Past conditional (conditional type 3)
Pengandaian ini menyatakan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan apa yang telah terjadi/sesuatu yang
sudah berlalu.
Rumus:
would
if + subject 1 + past perfect + subject 2 + could + have V3/been
might
Contoh:
- If I had known you were there, I would have written you a letter.
(kalau saja saya tahu kamu berada disana, saya sudah mengirim surat padamu – ini
bermakna saya tidak mengirim surat karena saya tidak tahu kamu berada disana)
- If you had asked me I would have told you the whole story.
# bentuk inversi (pola tanpa ‘if’) untuk tupe ini adalah:
would
Had+ subject 1 + Verb 3/been + subject 2 + could + have V3/been
might
Contoh:
- If I had known you were there, I would have written you a letter = Had I known you were
there, I would have written you a letter.
- If you had asked me I would have told you the whole story = Had you asked me I would have
told you the whole story.
*Note:
a) Unless = if not
You would not have won unless I had helped you = you would not have won if I had not
helped you.
If it doesn’t rain tonight, I will invite you to see to a movie. = unless it rains tonight, I will
invite you to see to a movie.
If it didn’t rain tonight, I would invite you to see to a movie. = unless it rained tonight, I
would invite you to see to a movie.
If it hadn’t rain last night, I would have invited you to see to a movie. = unless it had rained
last night, I would have invited you to see to a movie.
b) Otherwise
[Link] Aisyah, S. Hum
Otherwise memiliki arti ‘jika tidak’. Berbeda dengan unless, konjungsi otherwise digunakan
untuk merangkai fakta dengan kemungkinan yang terjadi bila hal sebaliknya dari peristiwa
pada fakta yang berlangsung. Dengan kata lain, pernyataan yang hadir sebelum otherwise
merupakan fakta, dan yang hadir sesudahnya adalah probabilitas.
Perhatikan:
I helped you; otherwise, you would not have won.
It rains tonight; otherwise, I would invite you to see to a movie.
We must finish the assignment today; otherwise, we could not have a free time next week.
I am really busy; otherwise, I would go to the beach with you this weekend.
[Link] Aisyah, S. Hum