Kurikulum 2013 Revisi

Kelas X
BAHASA INGGRIS WAJIB
Descriptive Text (Place)

Tujuan Pembelajaran

Setelah mempelajari materi ini, kamu diharapkan memiliki kemampuan berikut.

1. Memahami fungsi sosial dan struktur umum teks deskriptif mengenai tempat.
2. Menggunakan adjective dan preposition of place untuk mendeskripsikan suatu
tempat dengan baik dan benar.
3. Memahami dan mampu menyusun teks deskriptif mengenai tempat.

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, jumlah wisatawan mancanegara yang berkunjung ke

Indonesia semakin meningkat. Tempat wisata di Indonesia memang punya keunikan
tersendiri yang membuat wisatawan tertarik datang. Tahukah kamu bagaimana
wisatawan-wisatawan itu bisa tahu tentang objek-objek wisata yang akan mereka
kunjungi di Indonesia? Tentu saja mereka bisa mencari tahu salah satunya dari teks
deskriptif yang dibagikan di internet.

Gambar 1. Berbagai Destinasi Wisata di Indonesia

 Bagaimana teks deskriptif bisa membantu para wisatawan mengenal objek wisata yang
akan mereka kunjungi? Apa itu teks deskriptif? Agar kamu bisa lebih paham tentang teks
deskriptif mengenai tempat, simak pembahasan berikut ini.

A. Overview
Tanpa kamu sadari, teks deskriptif sebetulnya bisa kamu temukan di banyak tempat: di
penjelasan artefak museum, di caption foto, pada brosur tempat wisata, atau bahkan
dalam buku favoritmu. Berikut adalah penjelasan lebih rinci tentang teks deskriptif.

1. Definition
Teks deskriptif adalah teks yang menjelaskan suatu objek, baik itu benda, binatang,
orang, atau tempat berdasarkan ciri-cirinya. Objek pada teks deskriptif cenderung
objek yang spesifik. Sebagai contoh, teks deskriptif menjelaskan Monumen Nasional
di Jakarta, bukan monumen secara umum.

2. Social Function
Sebagaimana namanya, teks deskriptif memiliki fungsi sosial untuk mendeskripsikan
atau menggambarkan suatu objek secara spesifik. Adapun, hal yang digambarkan
dalam teks deskriptif biasanya merupakan ciri-ciri atau karakteristik yang terlihat
secara kasat mata yang pada umumnya bukan dari hasil penelitian yang mendalam
oleh para ahli.

3. Generic Structure
Penulisan teks deskriptif pada umumnya mengikuti struktur umum yang terdiri dari
dua komponen sebagai berikut.

a. Identification
Bagian ini berisi pengenalan objek yang akan dijelaskan pada teks. Selain itu,
bagian ini biasanya menyampaikan informasi umum atau kesan tentang objek
tersebut.

b. Description
Description merupakan bagian teks yang berisi penjabaran ciri-ciri khas dari objek.
Penjabaran ciri-ciri objek bisa mencakup sifat, bentuk, warna, ukuran, jumlah,
dan karakteristik lain dari objeknya. Untuk menjelaskan tentang sebuah tempat,
penulis bisa menuliskan juga menjabarkan tentang luas tempatnya dan bagaimana
sebuah tempat memiliki bentuk atau warna tertentu.

Descriptive Text (Place) 2

Berikut adalah contoh teks deskripsi beserta dengan penjabaran generic structure-
nya.

Pink Beach of the Komodo Island

Pink Beach, or Pantai Merah, as it is aptly named, is one of
seven pink beaches on the planet. It is just one of the many Identification
amazing features of Komodo Island that make it truly a
Natural Wonder of Nature.

The beach gets its name because of the color of the sand
in the area. The striking color is from microscopic animals
called Foraminifera, which produces a red pigment on the
coral reefs. For this reason, it is called Red Beach in the local
Description
tongue. When the tiny fragments of red coral combine with
the white sands, this produces the soft pink color that is
visible along the shoreline. Aside from Pink Beach itself, a
few small segments along Komodo’s eastern bay also have a
pinkish tint.

The beach is uninhabited. It means that there are no local

people living in the area. This makes the beach give peaceful
ambience. Some people find that this place is a wonderful
Description
place for relaxing. It is also a good spot for sunbathing,
especially during summer when the weather is perfect and
the sky is clear.

The corals of the Pink Beach’s underwater gardens are in

excellent condition, with hundreds of species of both soft
and hard corals, and thousands of species of fish. Pink Beach
Description
is a terrific choice for snorkelers and beginner divers as even
the shallow waters are home to an abundance of species to
keep you more than entertained.

Adapted from: [Link]

Descriptive Text (Place) 3

B. Adjectives to Describe Places I
Bacalah artikel berikut ini dengan saksama.

The Rijksmuseum

The Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam is the largest and most important art and
historical museum in the Netherlands with about 1 million art objects in its
collection. The museum was built with Gothic and Renaissance styles by architect
P.J.H. Cuypers. The museum is owned by the State and aims an overview of Dutch
art and history to show to a broad public. There are many famous collections of
works by Rembrandt (The Night Watch), Johannes Vermeer, Vincent Van Gogh and
Frans Hals as well as delftware, sculpture, Asian art and prints.
Taken from: [Link]

Vocabulary Corner

Delftware : ceramic pottery

Highlight : landmark
Showcase : display
Prosperous : rich

Latihan Soal 1

1. Where is the museum located?

2. How many art objects are in its collection?
3. Who built the museum?

C. Adjectives to Describe Places II

Adjective adalah kata sifat yang menunjukkan sifat atau keadaan. Perhatikanlah gambar-
gambar berikut ini.

Gambar 2. The Ancient Egypt Gambar 3. A Crowded City

Taken from: [Link] Taken from: [Link]

Descriptive Text (Place) 4

Di samping untuk menggambarkan seseorang dan lainnya, adjective atau kata sifat juga
dapat digunakan untuk menggambarkan tempat. Misalnya untuk mendeskripsikan
gambar pertama, kamu dapat menggunakan kata sifat ancient sedangkan untuk gambar
kedua kamu dapat menggunakan kata sifat crowded atau bustling.

Perhatikanlah contoh kalimat di bawah ini.

Ancient (historic) is a place that has a long history.

Example: Rome is one of the ancient city in the world, which was established thousands
of years ago.

Bustling (lively, fast-paced, hectic) is a crowded, busy place.

Example: Tokyo is a busy, bustling city, the world's most populous metropolis.

Picturesque (lovely, charming) is interesting in a unique or unusual way (visually beautiful).

Example: Sulawesi, Raja Ampat, and Maluku are picturesque of Eastern Indonesia
islands.

Sebagai catatan, beberapa adjectives hanya digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan tempat,

seperti ancient, bustling, picturesque. Nah, sekarang perhatikanlah latihan di bawah ini
dan cocokkanlah definisinya dengan adjective yang sesuai.

Latihan Soal 2

Definition Adjective

small, contained within a small area. huge

big, enormous, giant, large, very big. compact

cheap, not costing very much. cosmopolitan

rich, various, mix of cultures and languages. polluted

dirty and contaminated. inexpensive

captivating, intriguing, very interesting. fascinating

Adjective juga dapat berbentuk degree of comparison. Perhatikan contoh berikut.

1. Industrial areas have the most polluted air and water amongst other areas, do you agree?
2. London is bigger than Tokyo, isn’t it?
3. Bucharest is as fantastic as Warsaw in Eastern Europe, is that right?

Descriptive Text (Place) 5

D. Preposition of Place
Preposition of Place adalah preposisi atau kata depan untuk menunjukkan tempat
atau posisi. Berikut ini contoh preposition of place yang biasa digunakan untuk
mendeskripsikan suatu tempat.

1. at, in, on

at for a in for an on for

POINT ENCLOSED SPACE SURFACE

at the corner in the park on the board

at the train stop in Tokyo on the door

at the window in a bottle on the carpet

at college in my pocket on the list

at the main entrance in a mall on a ship

Contoh:
• The post office is at the end of the main road.
• The planet Earth is in the solar system.
• They live on the 2nd floor at 2 Puri Mutiara Street in Cilandak, South Jakarta.

2. across, through, to, into, towards, onto, from.

Contoh:
• The horse walks across the bridge.
• The black car drives through the tunnel.
• We go to the cinema.
• He goes into the kitchen.
• We go five steps towards the house.
• They jumped onto the table.
• He picked a flower from the garden.

3. above, on top of, on

Above digunakan jika dua objek tidak bersentuhan, sedangkan on dan on top of
digunakan jika dua objek bersentuhan.
Contoh:
• The pictures are above the couch.
• The pillows are on the couch.
• The keys are on top of the refrigerator.

Descriptive Text (Place) 6

4. under, below, underneath, beneath
Under digunakan jika objek di bawah menempel dengan objek di atas. Below digunakan
jika objek di bawah terpisah (ada ruang jarak) dari objek di atas.

The ball is under The ball is below

the box. the box.

Underneath dan beneath adalah kata yang lebih formal untuk menggantikan under
dan below.

5. behind, in front of
Contoh:
• The mouse is in front of the box.
• The mouse is behind the box.

6. beside, next to, between

Contoh:
• The black ball is between the two square blue boxes.
• The blue box is beside/next to the black ball.

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E. Practice
Perhatikanlah gambar dan teks berikut ini.

Gambar 4. Gunung Berapi

Taken from: [Link]

Krakatoa - The World's Most Infamous Volcano

The island group of Krakatoa lies in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra.
Krakatoa is infamous for its violent Plinian eruption in 1883, that destroyed the
previous volcanic edifice and enlarged its caldera. Collapse of the former volcanic
edifice, perhaps in 416 AD, had formed a 7-km-wide caldera. Caldera collapse during
the catastrophic 1883 eruption destroyed Danan and Perbuwatan volcanoes. This
eruption, the 2nd largest in Indonesia during historical time (the most violent
being the eruption of Tambora in 1815), caused more than 36,000 fatalities, most
as a result of devastating tsunamis that swept the adjacent coastlines of Sumatra
and Java. After its quietness of less than a half century, the post-collapse cone
of Anak Krakatoa ("Child of Krakatoa") was constructed within the 1883 caldera.
Anak Krakatau has been the site of frequent eruptions since 1927.
Taken from: [Link]

Vocabulary Corner

Infamous : well-known of bad impact

Edifice : large cone shape
Adjacent : side by side
Catastrophic : caused great damage

Latihan Soal 3

1. When did the caldera collapse?

2. List the adjectives found in the text!

Descriptive Text (Place) 8