C-1

LAMPIRAN A
PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA METIL ETIL KETON

Kapasitas Produksi = 40000 ton/tahun

= 4797.8419 kg/jam
Hari Kerja = 1 tahun = 330 hari
= 1 hari = 24 jam
Basis Bahan Baku = 7672.702661 kg/jam

Spesifikasi bahan baku = 2-butanol = 99.500%

= Air = 0.500%
Spesifikasi Produk = MEK = 99.980%
= Air = 0.020%
= Hidrogen = 100%

Tabel Data Masing-masing Komponen

Komponen Rumus Molekul Titik Didih, °C BM, kg/kmol
2-butanol C4H10O 99.5 74.123
Air H2O 100.00 18.015
MEK C4H8O 79.6 72.110
hidrogen H2 12.27 2.000

A.1 Recycle Mixing Point

Arus 2

Arus 1 Arus 5

Masuk = Keluar
Arus 20 1 + 5 + 20 = 2

Keterangan :

1 = Arus menuju mixing point

2 = Arus menuju vaporizer
5 = Arus keluaran bawah separator 0-1 menuju mixing point
20 = Arus recycle dari menara distilasi
 C-2

Arus Masuk
Arus 1
2-butanol = 5237.2437 Kg/Jam = 70.6561 Kmol/Jam
Air = 1.5375 Kg/Jam = 0.0853 Kmol/Jam
MEK = 0.0000 Kg/Jam = 0.0000 Kmol/Jam

Arus 5
2-butanol = 1526.8678 Kg/Jam = 20.5991 Kmol/Jam
Air = 7.6727 Kg/Jam = 0.4259 Kmol/Jam
MEK = 0.0202 Kg/Jam = 0.0003 Kmol/Jam

Arus 20
2-butanol = 870.2276 Kg/Jam = 11.7403 Kmol/Jam
Air = 29.1534 Kg/Jam = 1.6183 Kmol/Jam
MEK = 0.0960 Kg/Jam = 0.0013 Kmol/Jam

Arus Keluar
Arus 2
2-butanol = 7634.3391 Kg/Jam = 102.9955 Kmol/Jam
Air = 38.3635 Kg/Jam = 2.1295 Kmol/Jam
MEK = 0.1010 Kg/Jam = 0.0014 Kmol/Jam

Neraca Massa Mixing Point

Masuk (Kg/Jam) Keluar (Kg/Jam)
Komponen
Arus 1 Arus 5 Arus 20 Arus 2
C4H10O 5237.2437 1526.8678 870.2276 7634.3391
H2O 1.5375 7.6727 29.1534 38.3635
MEK 0.0000 0.0202 0.0960 0.1010
5238.7811 1534.5607 899.4769 7672.80
Total
7672.80 7672.80

A.2 Vaporizer

3 3 4
Vaporizer

Komponen kg/jam Tdidih BM kmol/jam kmol/jam

2-butanol 4773.8527 99.5 74.12 64.4045 0.9682
 C-3

Air 23.9892 100.0 18.02 1.3316 0.0196

MEK 4796.8823 79.6 72.11 66.5217 0.9804
Total 9595 - - 67.8534 1.0000

Antoine
Komponen A B C
2-butanol 7.51395 1322.1119 186.51
Air 8.05573 1723.6425 233.08
mek 7.19130 1323.0708 227.093

*) Aliran masuk
Arus 3
Trial kondisi umpan
P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
T = 91.75 °C = 364.75 K
T dicari dengan cara trial error dan dianggap benar jika nilai dari Σyi = 1
dimana Ki = Psat.P
log Psat = (A-B/(T+C))
αi = Ki/Kbasis

Komp n Xi Pi Ki [Link] 1/Ki Yi = Xi*Ki Xi = Xi/Ki

2-butanol 64.4045 0.4870 579.000 0.7618 0.4870 1.3126 0.3710 0.6392
mek 1.3316 0.0101 561.718 0.7391 0.0101 1.3530 0.0074 0.0136
MEK 66.5217 0.5030 1100.94 1.4486 0.5030 0.6903 0.7286 0.3472
Total 132.2578 1.0000 1.1070 1.0000

Arus Masuk
Arus 3
2-butanol = 7634.3391 Kg/Jam = 102.9955 Kmol/Jam
Air = 38.3635 Kg/Jam = 2.1295 Kmol/Jam
MEK = 0.1010 Kg/Jam = 0.0014 kmol/Jam

Arus Keluar
Arus 4
2-butanol = 7634.3391 Kg/Jam = 102.9955 Kmol/Jam
Air = 38.3635 Kg/Jam = 2.1295 Kmol/Jam
MEK = 0.1010 Kg/Jam = 0.0014 kmol/Jam

Tabel Neraca Massa Vaporizer

Masuk (Kg/Jam) Keluar (Kg/Jam)
Komponen
 C-4

Komponen
Arus 3 Arus 4
2-butanol 7634.3391 7634.3391
Air 38.3635 38.3635
MEK 0.1010 0.1010
Total 7672.8037 7672.8037

A.3 Separator 01
Fungsi : Mengubah Fase 2-butanol menjadi fase gas
6
Separator

Arus Masuk (Umpan)

Arus 4
2-Butanol = 7634.3391 Kg/Jam = 102.9955 kmol/Jam
Air = 38.3635 Kg/Jam = 2.1295 kmol/Jam
MEK = 0.1010 Kg/Jam = 0.0014 kmol/Jam

Arus Keluar Ratio L/V

Komponen %L %V L (Kmol/Jam) V (Kmol/Jam)
2-butanol 20% 80% 20.5991 82.3964
Air 20% 80% 0.4259 1.7036
MEK 20% 80% 0.0003 0.0011
Total 21.0253 84.1012

Liquid Komponen n (Kmol/Jam) Massa (Kg/Jam)

2-butanol 20.5991 1526.87
Air 0.4259 7.67
MEK 0.0003 0.02
Total 21.0253 1534.56

Vapour Komponen n (Kmol/Jam) Massa (Kg/Jam)

2-butanol 82.3964 6107.47
Air 1.7036 30.69
 C-5

MEK 0.0011 0.08

Total 84.1012 6138.24

Keluar
Arus 6
2-butanol = 6107.4713 Kg/Jam = 82.3964 Kmol/Jam
Air = 30.6908 Kg/Jam = 1.7036 Kmol/Jam
MEK = 0.0808 Kg/Jam = 0.0011 Kmol/Jam
Arus 5
2-butanol = 1526.87 Kg/Jam = 20.5991 Kmol/Jam
Air = 7.67 Kg/Jam = 0.4259 Kmol/Jam
MEK = 0.02 Kg/Jam = 0.0003 Kmol/Jam

Tabel Neraca Massa Separator 01

Masuk (Kg/Jam) Keluar (Kg/Jam)
Komponen
Arus 4 Arus 6 Arus 5
2-butanol 7634.34 6107.4713 1526.87
Air 38.36 30.69 7.67
MEK 0.10 0.08 0.02
7672.80 6138.24 1534.56
Total
7672.80 7672.80

A.4 Reaktor Fixed Bed Multitube

Fungsi : Mereaksikan 2 butanol menajdi MEK menggunakan katalis ZnO

8
Reaktor

Perbandingan masuk reaktor 1

Konversi = 85% 0.85
Bahan Baku yang Masuk kedalam Reaktor
2-butanol = 6107.47 kg/jam = 82.3964 kmol/jam
Air = 30.69 kg/jam = 1.7036 kmol/jam
MEK = 0.08 kg/jam = 0.0011 kmol/jam
 C-6

Bahan yang Bereaksi = Konversi × 2-butanol yang masuk

butanol yang bereaksi = 0.85 × 82.3964
= 70.037 kg/jam
= 0.9449 kmol/jam
Reaksi
C4H10O C4H8O + H2
Mula-mula 82.3964 0.0011 -
Bereaksi 70.0370 70.0370 70.0370
Sisa 12.3595 70.0370 70.0370
Produk yang Terbentuk
MEK = 70.0370 kmol/jam = 5050.3662 kg/jam
Hidrogen = 70.0370 kmol/jam = 140.0739 kg/jam

Produk yang Terbentuk

Neraca Massa Total Reaktor
Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen
Arus 7 Arus 8
2-butanol 6107.4713 916.1207
Air 30.6908 30.6908
MEK 0.0011 5050.3662
Hidrogen - 140.0739
Total 6138.163 6138.163

A.5 Condensor

9 10
Kondensor

Masuk
Arus 8
2-butanol = 916.1207 Kg/Jam = 12.3595 Kmol/Jam
Air = 30.6908 Kg/Jam = 1.7036 Kmol/Jam
MEK = 5050.3662 Kg/Jam = 70.0370 Kmol/Jam
Hidrogen = 140.0739 Kg/Jam = 70.0370 Kmol/Jam

Keluar
Arus 9
2-butanol = 916.1207 Kg/Jam = 12.3595 Kmol/Jam
Air = 30.6908 Kg/Jam = 1.7036 Kmol/Jam
 C-7

MEK = 5050.3662 Kg/Jam = 70.0370 Kmol/Jam

Hidrogen = 140.0739 Kg/Jam = 70.0370 Kmol/Jam

Tabel Neraca Massa Condensor

Masuk (Kg/Jam) Keluar (Kg/Jam)
Komponen
Arus 9 Arus 10
2-butanol 916.1207 916.1207
Air 30.6908 30.6908
MEK 5050.3662 5050.3662
Hidrogen 140.0739 140.0739
Total 6137 6137

A.6 Separator 02
Fungsi
11
Separator

10

12
Arus Masuk :
Arus 10 (Umpan)
2-butanol = 916.1207 Kg/Jam = 12.3595 kmol/Jam
Air = 30.6908 Kg/Jam = 1.7036 kmol/Jam
MEK = 5050.3662 Kg/Jam = 70.0370 kmol/Jam
Hidrogen = 140.0739 Kg/Jam = 70.0370 kmol/Jam

Komponen kg/jam Tdidih BM kmol/jam kmol/jam

2-butanol 916.1207 99.5 74.12 12.3595 0.0802
Air 30.6908 100.0 18.02 1.7036 0.0111
MEK 5050.3662 79.6 72.11 70.0370 0.4544
Hidrogen 140.0739 12.3 2.00 70.0370 0.4544
Total 6137 - - 154.1370 1.0000

Komponen A B C
2-butanol 7.51395 1322.1119 186.51
Air 8.05573 1723.6425 233.08
MEK 7.19130 1323.0708 227.093
 C-8

Hidrogen 6.14858 80.94800 277.53

*) Aliran masuk
Arus 10
Trial kondisi umpan
P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
T = 68.22 °C = 341.22 K
T dicari dengan cara trial error dan dianggap benar jika nilai dari Σyi = 1
dimana Ki = Psat.P
log Psat = (A-B/(T+C))
αi = Ki/Kbasis

Komp n Xi Pi P (bar) [Link] 1/Ki Xi = Xi/Ki

2-butanol 12.3595 0.0802 210.7668 0.2773 0.0802 3.6059 0.2891
Air 1.7036 0.0111 216.3406 0.2847 0.0111 3.5130 0.0388
MEK 70.0370 0.4544 514.2124 0.6766 0.4544 1.4780 0.6716
Hidrogen 70.0370 0.4544 821221.7 1080.6 0.4544 0.0009 0.0004
Total 154.1370 1.0000 1.0000

jika P = 0 maka komponen tsb dlm fase Cair

jika P ≠ 0 maka komponen tsb dlm fase gas

sehingga yg merupakan fase cair adalah butanol, MEK, Air

sedangkan yg dlm fase gas adalah Hidrogen

Arus Keluar :
Ratio L/V
Komponen %L %V L (Kmol/Jam) V (Kmol/Jam)
2-butanol 80% 20% 11.7415 0.6180
Air 80% 20% 1.6184 0.0852
MEK 80% 20% 66.5351 3.5018
Hidrogen 0% 100% 0.0000 70.0370
Total 79.8951 74.2420

Liquid Komponen n (Kmol/Jam) Massa (Kg/Jam)

2-butanol 11.7415 870.3147
Air 1.6184 29.1563
MEK 66.5351 4797.8479
 C-9

Hidrogen 0.0000 0.0000

Total 79.8951 5697.3188

Vapour Komponen n (Kmol/Jam) Massa (Kg/Jam)

2-butanol 0.6180 45.8060
Air 0.0852 1.5345
MEK 3.5018 252.52
Hidrogen 70.0370 140.0739
Total 0.6180 439.9328

Keluar
Arus 11
2-butanol = 45.8060 Kg/Jam = 0.6352 Kmol/Jam
Air = 1.5345 Kg/Jam = 0.7673 Kmol/Jam
MEK = 252.5183 Kg/Jam = 3.5018 Kmol/Jam
Hidrogen = 140.07 Kg/Jam = 70.0370 Kmol/Jam
Keluar
Arus 12
2-butanol = 870.3147 Kg/Jam = 12.0693 Kmol/Jam
Air = 29.1563 Kg/Jam = 14.5781 Kmol/Jam
MEK = 4797.8479 Kg/Jam = 66.5351 Kmol/Jam
Hidrogen = 0.0000 Kg/Jam = 0.0000 Kmol/Jam

Neraca Massa Separator-02

Masuk (Kg/Jam) Keluar (Kg/Jam)
Komponen
Arus 10 Arus 11 Arus 12
2-butanol 916.1207 45.8060 870.3147
Air 30.6908 1.5345 29.1563
MEK 5050.3662 252.5183 4797.848
Hidrogen 140.0739 140.0739 0.0000
439.9328 5697.319
Total 6137.2516
6137.2516

A.7 Menara Distilasi 1

Fungsi : Memurnikan produk Metil Etil Keton
16
Distilasi
Menara

13
 C-10

Distilasi
Menara
18

Komponen kg/jam Tb BM kmol/jam kmol/jam

2-butanol 870.3147 99.5 74.12 11.7415 0.1470
Air 29.1563 100.0 18.02 1.6184 0.0203
MEK 4797.8479 79.6 72.11 66.5351 0.8328
Total 5697.3188 - - 79.8951 1.0000

Komponen A B C
2-butanol 7.51395 1322.1119 186.51
Air 8.05573 1723.6425 233.08
mek 7.19130 1323.0708 227.093

*) Aliran masuk
Arus 13
Trial kondisi umpan
P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
T = 82.69 °C = 355.686 K
T dicari dengan cara trial error dan dianggap benar jika nilai dari Σyi = 1
dimana Ki = Psat.P
log Psat = (A-B/(T+C))
αi = Ki/Kbasis

Tabel Hasil Trial untuk Penentuan Feed Menara Distilasi

Komponen n Xi Pi Ki αi Yi = Xi*Ki
2-butanol 11.7415 0.1470 400.514 0.5270 1.0127 0.0774
Air 1.618 0.0203 395.482 0.5204 1.0000 0.0105
MEK 66.5351 0.8328 832.315 1.0952 2.1046 0.9120
Total 79.895 1.0000 1.0000

Komponen kg/jam n
2-butanol 870.3147 11.7415
Air 29.1563 1.6184
MEK 4797.8479 66.5351
 C-11

Total 5697.3188 79.8951

% Recovery
Komponen Recovery
2-butanol 0.0001
Air 0.0001
MEK 1.0000
1.000
Distilat
Komponen kg/jam kmol %D
2-butanol 0.0870 0.0012 0.0018%
Air 0.0029 0.0002 0.0001%
MEK 4797.7519 66.5338 99.9981%
Total 4797.8419 66.5351 100%

Bottom
Komponen kg/jam kmol %B
2-butanol 870.2276 11.7403 96.7482%
Air 29.1534 1.6183 3.2411%
MEK 0.0960 0.0013 0.0107%
Total 899.4769 13.3599 100%

*) Aliran keluar
Arus 16
Kondisi atas dalam keadaan dew point
Trial kondisi atas
P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
T = 80 °C = 352.999 K
T dicari dengan cara trial error dan dianggap benar jika nilai dari ΣXi = 1
dimana Ki = Psat.P
log Psat = (A-B/(T+C))
αi = Ki/Kbasis

Komponen A B C
2-butanol 7.51395 1322.1119 186.51
 C-12

Air 8.05573 1723.6425 233.08

mek 7.19130 1323.0708 227.093
H2 6.14858 80.94800 277.53

Tabel Hasil Trial untuk Penentuan Dew Point Distilat Menara Distilasi
Komponen n Yi Pi Ki αi Xi = Yi/Ki
2-butanol 0.0012 0.0000 355.069 0.4672 1.0062 0.0000
Air 0.0002 0.0000 352.894 0.4643 1.0000 0.0000
MEK 66.5338 1.0000 760.003 1.0000 2.154 1.0000
Total 66.5351 1.0000 1.0001

Arus 18
Kondisi bawah dalam keadaan bubble point
Trial kondisi bawah
P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
T = 98.9758 °C = 372.126 K
T dicari dengan cara trial error dan dianggap benar jika nilai dari ΣYi = 1
dimana Ki = Psat.P
log Psat = (A-B/(T+C))
αi = Ki/Kbasis

Tabel Hasil Trial untuk Penentuan Bubble Point Bottom Menara Distilasi
Komponen n Xi Pi Ki αi Yi = Xi*Ki
2-butanol 11.7403 0.8788 764 1.0047 1.0422 0.8829
Air 1.618 0.1211 733 0.9640 1.0000 0.1168
mek 0.0013 0.0001 1360 1.7900 1.857 0.0002
Total 13.360 1.0000 1.000

Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Aliran 13 Aliran 16 Aliran 18
2-butanol 870.3147 0.0870 870.2276
Air 29.1563 0.0029 29.1534
mek 4797.8479 4797.7519 0.0960
4797.8419 899.4769
Total 5950.0817
5950.0817

Tabel Distribusi Komponen Non Key

Komponen Ki.D Ki.F Ki.B
C4H10O 0.4672 0.5270 1.0047
H2OHK 0.4643 0.5204 0.9640
 C-13

C4H8OLK 1.0000 1.0952 1.7900

Komponen αF αD αB αavg
C4H10O 1.0127 1.0062 1.0422 1.0204
H2OHK 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
C4H8OLK 2.1046 2.1536 1.8567 2.0383

Komponen D (kg/jam) F (kg/jam) B (kg/jam)

2-butanol 0.0916 916.1207 916.0291
Air 0.0031 30.6908 30.6877
mek 5050.2652 5050.3662 0.1010
Total 5050.3599 5997.1777 946.8178

Komponen D (kmol) F (kmol) B (kmol)

2-butanol 0.0012 12.3595 12.3582
Air 0.0002 1.7036 1.7035
mek 70.0356 70.0370 0.0014
Total 70.0370 84.1001 14.0631

Menentukan kebutuhan reflux minimum

Komponen Xfi Xfi * αi avg (e) αi - θ (f) e/f
2-butanol 0.077 0.0790 -0.0452 -1.7498
Air 0.011 0.0105 -0.0655 -0.1609
mek 0.912 1.8590 0.9728 1.9110
Total 2.949 0.0004

θ = 1.06552257 (Ditrial and error supaya nilai e/f = 0)

Perhitungan Reflux minimum (Rmin)

Rmin +1 = Σ((αD*XD)/(α D-θ))

Tabel Hasil Perhitungan Penentuan Reflux Minimum

Komponen αD Yd Zd /(α-θ/α)
2-butanol 1.0062 0.00002 -0.0003
Air 1.0000 0.00000 0.0000
mek 2.1536 0.99998 1.9792
 C-14

Total 1.9789

Rmin +1 = 1.9789 R = 1,25Rmin

Rmin = 0.9789 1.22358
R op = 1,2 - 1,5 Rm
diambil,
Rop = Rm = 1.46830

Menentukan komposisi refluks dan uap masuk kondensor

Ro = Lo/D
Lo = Ro * D
Lo = 102.84 kmol/h
V = Lo + D
V = 172.87 kmol/h

Komposisi Cairan Reflux (Lo)

n m
Komponen yi
Kmol/jam Kg/jam
2-butanol 0.00002 0.0018 0.1345
air 0.00000 0.0003 0.0045
mek 0.99998 102.8331 7415.2968
Total 1.00000 102.8352 7415.4358

Komposisi Uap yang Masuk Condensor (V)

n m
Komponen Yi
Kmol/jam Kg/jam
2-butanol 0.00002 0.003 0.226
air 0.00000 0.000 0.008
mek 0.99998 172.869 12465.562
Total 1.0000 172.872 12465.796

*) Untuk perhitungan stage minimum

Komponen D/B log (α avg) log D/B
H2OHK 0.0001 0.0000 -4.0000
C4H8OLK 49999.0000 0.3093 4.6990

Persamaan: didapat:
 C-15

4.70 = A + C* 0.3093 C = 28.1273

-4.0 = A + C* 0.0000 A = -4.0000
y = 28.1273 × -4.0000
y = log D/B
x = log (α avg)

Komponen log (α avg) log (D/B) baru (D/B) baru Bi Di

H2OHK 0.0000 -4.0000 0.0001 1.618 0.0002
C4H8OLK 0.3093 4.6990 49999 0.001 70.0356
Total 1.620 70.0357

Perbandingan lama dan baru

Komponen Bi lama Bi baru Selisih Di lama Di baru Selisih
H2OHK 1.703 1.703 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000
C4H8OLK 0.001 0.001 0.0000 70.0356 70.0356 0.0000
Total 1.705 1.705 0.0000 70.0357 70.0357 0.0000

Bi (baru) Bi (lama)
Komponen Xb Xd Selisih
(kg/jam) (kg/jam)
H2OHK 0.1211 0.0000 30.6877 30.6877 0.0000
C4H8OLK 0.0001 0.0000 0.1010 0.1010 0.0000
Total 0.1212 0.0000 30.7887 30.7887

Di (baru) Di (lama)
Komponen Selisih
(kg/jam) (kg/jam)
H2OHK 0.0031 0.0031 0.0000
C4H8OLK 1261.6909 1261.6909 0.0000
Total 1261.6939 1261.6939
 C-16

KETON
C-17
 C-18

95% 5%
95% 5%
95% 5%
95% 5%