CRITICAL JOURNAL

REVIEW
SISTEM OPERASI
PRODI S1 PTIK - FT

Skor Nilai :

Android Operating Systems

Saurabh Bhardwaj, Priyanka Chouhan, Richa Sharma, & Preeti Sharma

Kelompok 2

Nama : Muhammad Farhan Syahputra (5172151008)

Dhea Putri Pratiwi Br Ginting (5171151003)
Catrin Octaviani Tarigan (5172151007)
Muhammad Yunus (5171151013)
Dewi Sartika (5172151002)

Dosen Pengampu : Bagoes Maulana, [Link]., [Link].

Mata Kuliah : Sistem Operasi

PROGRAM STUDI S1 PENDIDIKAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMATIKA DAN KOMPUTER

FAKULTAS TEKNIK – UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN
MEDAN
Oktober 2017
 Identitas Jurnal
Judul : Android Operating Systems
Volume : Vol.1 No.1
Jumlah halaman : 4
Tahun : 2013
Penulis : Saurabh Bhardwaj, Priyanka Chouhan, Richa Sharma, &
Preeti Sharma
ISSN : 2320-5288

Abstrak Penelitian
Sistem operasi android pada dasarnya adalah sistem operasi untuk ponsel dan dengan
cepat memperoleh pangsa pasar, dengan puluhan ponsel dan tablet pintar dilepaskan
atau disetel untuk dilepaskan. Ini adalah sistem operasi mobile yang menggunakan versi
modifikasi dari kernel Linux 2.6. Google mengembangkan Android sebagai bagian dari
Open Handset Alliance, sekelompok lebih dari 30 perusahaan mobile dan teknologi yang
bekerja untuk membuka lingkungan handset mobile. Kit pengembangan Android
mendukung banyak paket standar yang digunakan oleh Jetty, karena kenyataan itu dan
modulasi Jetty dan cetakan kaki yang ringan, adalah mungkin untuk memasarkan Jetty ke
sana sehingga bisa berjalan di platform Android.

Kata Kunci
Android, version history, android security, SSL, features, service.

Pembahasan Jurnal
Pendahuluan
Android adalah platform perangkat lunak dan sistem operasi untuk perangkat mobile,
berdasarkan kernel Linux, dan dikembangkan oleh Google dan kemudian Open Handset
Alliance. Hal ini memungkinkan pengembang untuk menulis kode yang dikelola dalam
bahasa Java, mengendalikan perangkat melalui perpustakaan Java yang dikembangkan
Google. Android tersedia sebagai open source. Android adalah kumpulan perangkat lunak
open source yang dapat didownload secara gratis untuk perangkat seluler yang
mencakup sistem operasi, middleware dan aplikasi utama berbasis Linux dan Java. Google
membeli pengembang Android pada tahun 2005, dan Android diresmikan pada tahun
2007. Google merilis kode Android sebagai open source di bawah Lisensi Apache. Android
memiliki banyak pengembang yang menulis aplikasi (aplikasi) di seluruh dunia. Pertama-
tama para pengembang menulis naskah mereka di Jawa, lalu mendownload aplikasi dari
situs pihak ketiga atau toko online. Pada bulan Februari 2012, 450.000 aplikasi tersedia
untuk Android namun perkiraan jumlah unduhan sejak Desember 2011 mencapai lebih
dari 10 miliar. Ada lebih dari 300 juta perangkat Android yang digunakan dan lebih dari
850.000 perangkat diaktifkan setiap hari. Android adalah salah satu sistem operasi mobile
yang paling banyak digunakan dengan pangsa pasar sebesar 48% dan lebih dari 400.000
aplikasi tersedia di Google Play Store. Aplikasi Android telah dipasang lebih dari 10 miliar
kali dan mencakup berbagai kategori dari permainan dan hiburan hingga layanan
keuangan dan bisnis. Pengembangan perangkat lunak Android dan Google Play Market
relatif terbuka dan tidak terbatas. Ini menawarkan fleksibilitas dan kebebasan bagi
pengembang dan pengguna, namun juga menciptakan tantangan keamanan yang
signifikan.

Tujuan Penelitian
Menjelaskan Sistem Operasi keluaran android dari versi Éclair sampai Ice Cream serta
menjelaskan arsitektur pada Sistem Operasi Android

Analisis Jurnal
Jurnal ini membahas tentang Arsitektur dalam Sistem Android. Arsitektur Android terdiri
dari SSL (Secure Socket Layer), Keamanan Android, dan Pelayanan. Pelayanan yang
disediakan Android ada 10 yaitu : Kapasitas Penyimpanan, Konektivitas, Pengiriman Surat
(SMS dan E-mail), Mendukung Multi Bahasa, Internet Browsing, Java Support, Multi-
touch, Bluetooth, Tethering, dan pengambilan gambar (Screen Shot)
Kelebihan Jurnal
Jurnal ini sangat bagus untuk dibaca, terutama bagi mereka yang ingin lebih memahami
arsitektur yang terdapat pada Sistem Operasi Android. Tidak hanya itu, jurnal itu memiliki
penjelasan yang lengkap dan juga dilengkapi dengan gambar.

Kekurangan Jurnal
Kata-katanya agak sulit dimengerti karena menggunakan bahasa asing (Inggris) dan juga
terdapat typo pada isi jurnal sehingga pembaca mungkin akan kebingungan untuk
mencerna isi jurnal ini

Kesimpulan
Dari Jurnal yang dibaca dapat disimpulkan bahwa arsitektur android terdiri atas SSL
(Secure Socket Layer), Keamanan Android, dan Pelayanan. Pelayanan yang disediakan
Android ada 10 yaitu : Kapasitas Penyimpanan, Konektivitas, Pengiriman Surat (SMS dan
E-mail), Mendukung Multi Bahasa, Internet Browsing, Java Support, Multi-touch,
Bluetooth, Tethering, dan pengambilan gambar (Screen Shot)

Saran
Lebih perbanyak lagi jenis-jenis Sistem Operasi Android serta penjelasan yang lain agar
pembaca lebih memahami isi jurnal ini dan lebih banyak menambah pengetahuan
tentang OS android
 Volume 1, Issue 1 ISSN: 2320-5288

International Journal of Engineering Technology &

Management Research
Journal homepage: [Link]

Android Operating Systems

Saurabh Bhardwaj Priyanka Chouhan
B.E. Student, Branch CSE, B.E. Student, Branch CSE,
Takshshila Institute of Engineering & Technology Takshshila Institute of Engineering & Technology
Jabalpur (M.P.) [INDIA] Jabalpur (M.P.) [INDIA]

Richa Sharma Preeti Sharma

B.E. Student, Branch CSE, B.E. Student, Branch CSE,
Takshshila Institute of Engineering & Technology Takshshila Institute of Engineering & Technology
Jabalpur (M.P.) [INDIA] Jabalpur (M.P.) [INDIA]

Abstract—The android operating system available as open source. Android is a

is basically an operating system for freely downloadable open source
mobiles and is rapidly gaining market software stack for mobile devices that
share, with dozens of smart phones and includes an operating system,
tablets either released or set to be middleware and key applications based on
released. It is mobile operating system Linux and Java. Google purchased the
that uses a modified version of the Linux developer of Android in 2005, and
kernel 2.6. Google developed Android as Android was unveiled in 2007. Google
part of the Open Handset Alliance, a released the Android code as open-source
group of more than 30 mobile and under the Apache License. Android has
technology companies working to numerous developers writing
open up the mobile handset environment. applications (apps) all over the world.
Android's development kit supports First of all the developers write their
many of the standard packages used by script in Java, and then download the
Jetty, due to that fact and Jetty's apps from the third party sites or online
modularity and lightweight foot print, it stores. In February 2012, 450,000 apps
was possible to port Jetty to it so that it were available for Android but the
will be able to run on the Android estimated number of downloads since
platform. December, 2011 was more than 10
billion. There are over 300 million
Keywords: Android, version history, Androids in use and over 850,000
android security, SSL, features, service. devices activated every day. Android is
the one of the most used mobile
1. INTRODUCTION operating system with a market share of
48% and
Android is a software platform and
operating system for mobile devices, Over 400,000 applications available in
based on the Linux kernel, and developed Google play store. Android apps have
by Google and later the Open Handset been installed over 10 billion times and
Alliance. It allows developers to write cover a vast range of categories from
managed code in the Java language, games and entertainment to financial and
controlling the device via Google- business services. Android software
developed Java libraries. Android is development and the Google Play Market

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Saurabh Bhardwaj, Priyanka Chouhan, Richa Sharma, Preeti Sharma | Takshshila | Android Operating Systems
are relatively open and unrestricted. This Adobe Flash support
offers both developers and users more
flexibility and freedom, but also creates 2.3 (Gingerbread), which refined the
significant security challenges. user interface, improved the soft
keyboard and copy/paste features, and
added support for Near Field
Communication

3.0 (Honeycomb), a tablet-oriented

release which supports larger screen
devices and introduces many new user
interface features, and supports
multicore processors and hardware
acceleration for graphics. The
Honeycomb SDK has been released and
the first device featuring this version, the
Motorola Xoom tablet, went on sale in
February 2011. Google has chosen to
withhold the development source code,
which calls into question the "openness"
of this Android release. Google claims
this is done to eliminate manufacturers
putting a tablet-specific OS on phones,
much like the previous autumn, where
tablet manufacturers put a non-tablet
optimized phone OS (Android 2.x) on
their Tablets resulting in bad user
ANDROID ARCHITECTURE experiences.
Version history:Android is updating day 4.0 (Ice Cream), a combination of
by day since its release. These updates to Gingerbread and Honeycomb into a
the base operating system mainly "cohesive whole. This version had new
focusing on fixing bugs as well as features added to the Smartphone’s Such
adding new features to provide more as photo enhancements, offline email
comfortable environment. Generally searching, facial recognition unlock,
each new version of the Android network data, and usage monitoring.
operating system is developed under a
code name based on a dessert item. Past SSL: The Secure Sockets Layer
updates included Cupcake and Donut. (SSL) and its successor, Trans-port
The most recent released versions of Layer Security (TLS), are cryptographic
Android are: protocols that were introduced to protect
ne t w o rk co m m u ni c at i on f rom
2.0/2.1 (Eclair), which revamped the eavesdropping and tampering. To
user interface and introduced HTML5 establish a secure connection, a client
and Exchange ActiveSync 2.5 support. must securely gain access to the public
key of the server. In most client/server
2.2 (Froyo), which introduced speed setups, the server obtains an X.509
improvements with JIT optimization and certificate that contains the server's
the Chrome V8 JavaScript engine, and public key and is signed by a Certificate
added Wi-Fi hotspot tethering and Authority (CA). When the client

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Saurabh Bhardwaj, Priyanka Chouhan, Richa Sharma, Preeti Sharma | Takshshila | Android Operating Systems
connects to the server, the certificate is rapidly is that it is open source; it is
transferred to the client. The client must essentially free for manufacturers to
then validate the certificate. However, implement. Additionally this has led to
validation checks are not a central part substantial fragmentation of Android
of the SSL and X.509 standards. versions between devices and means that
vendors have been reluctant to roll-out
The basic validation checks include: updates, presumably out of some
a) Does the subject (CN) of the concern regarding driving demand for
certificate match the destination selected future devices.
by the client? b) Is the signing CA a
trusted CA? c) Is the signature correct? Service: A Service is code that is long-
And d) is the certificate valid in terms of lived and runs without a UI. A good
51its time of expiry? Additionally, example of this is a media player playing
revocation of a certificate and its songs from a play list. In a media player
corresponding certificate chain should application, there would probably be one
be checked, but downloading Certificate or more activities that allow the user to
Revocation Lists (CRLs) or using the choose songs and start playing them.
Online Certificate Status Protocol However, the music playback itself
(OCSP) is often omitted. The open should not be handled by an activity
nature of the standard specification has because the user will expect the music to
several pitfalls, both on a technical and a keep playing even after navigating to a
human level. Therefore, our evaluations new screen. In this case, the media
in the remainder of this paper are based player activity could start a service using
on examining the four validation checks [Link] () to run in the
listed above. background to keep the music going.
The system will then keep the music
Android Security: The open nature of playback service running until it has
Android and its large user base have finished. Note that you can connect to a
made it an attractive and profitable service (and start it if it's not already
platform to attack. Common exploits and running) with the [Link]
tool kits on the OS can be utilized across () method. When connected to a service,
a wide number of devices, meaning that you can communicate with it through an
attackers can perform exploits en masse interface exposed by the service. For the
and re-use attack vectors. Google did music service, this might allow you to
take measures in the development of the pause, rewind, etc.

Android kernel to build security Features: 1) Storage: SQLite, a

measures in; the OS is sandboxed, lightweight relational database, is used
preventing malicious processes from for data storage purposes.
crossing between applications. Whilst
this attempt to eliminate the concept of 2) Connectivity: Android supports
infection is admirable in some regards, it connectivity technologies including
fails to address the issue of infection GSM EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EVDO,
altogether. UMTS, Bluetooth, WI-Fi, LTE,
NFC and WI MAX.
Android is a victim of its own success,
not just in the way it has attracted 3) Messaging: SMS and MMS are
malicious attention, but in its very available forms of messaging, including
nature. One of the reasons the OS has threaded text messaging and Android
succeeded in gaining market share so Cloud to Device Messaging (C2DM)

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Saurabh Bhardwaj, Priyanka Chouhan, Richa Sharma, Preeti Sharma | Takshshila | Android Operating Systems
and now enhanced version of C2DM, customizations and third -party
Android Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) applications.
is also a part of Android Push Messaging
service. 9) Tethering: Android supports tethering,
which allows a phone to be used as
4) Multiple language support: Android wireless/wired Wi-Fi hotspot. Before
supports multiple languages. Android 2.2 this was supported by third-
party applications or manufacturer
5) Web browser: The web browser customizations.
available in Android is based on the open-
source Web Kit layout engine, coupled 10) Screen capture: Android supports
with Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine. The capturing a screenshot by pressing the
browser scores 100/100 on the Acid3 test power and volume-down buttons at the
on Android 4.0. same time. Prior to Android 4.0, the only
methods of capturing a screenshot were
6) Java support While most Android through manufacturer and third-party
applications are written in Java, there is customizations or otherwise by using a PC
no Java Virtual Machine in the platform connection (DDMS developer's tool).
and Java byte code is not executed. Java These alternative methods are still
classes are compiled into Dalvik available with the latest Android.
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International Journal of Engineering Technology & Management Research | Vol 1| Issue 1 | February 2013 150