KATA

 PENGANTAR  
 
 
Buku   yang   ada   didepan   anda   ini   adalah   buku   mengenai   pembelajaran   Bahasa  
Inggris   level   2   yang   disusun   secara   praktis   dan   ringkas   dan   merupakan   salah  
satu   buku   yang   digunakan   English   Academy   Bengkulu   sebagai   materi  
pembelajaran   utama.   Tema-­‐tema   dalam   buku   ini   sudah   disesuaikan   dengan  
materi   yang   berkaitan   dalam   kehidupan   sehari-­‐hari   dan   kebutuhan   peserta  
didik,   sehingga   bisa   membantu   para   pembelajar   di   Advanced   Level   dalam  
mempelajari  Bahasa  Inggris  dengan  cara  yang  baik  dan  benar.    
 
Penyusun   dan   editor   mengucapkan   terima   kasih   kepada   semua   pihak   yang  
membantu  penyusunan  dan  proses  editing  hingga  terbitnya  buku  ini.  Penyusun  
dan  editor  berharap  buku  yang  sangat  sederhana  ini  dapat  berguna  dan  memiliki  
daya   manfaat   yang   dapat   turut   serta   mencerdaskan   kehidupan   berbangsa   dan  
bernegara.  Amiin.  
 
 
              Penang,    Desember  2017  
 
              Penulis  &  Editor  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
KATA  SAMBUTAN  DIREKTUR  ENGLISH  ACADEMY  
 
 
Atas   nama   English   Academy   Bengkulu,   saya   mengucapkan   rasa   syukur  
kepada   Tuhan   Yang   Maha   Esa   karena   telah   meridhoi   perjalanan   dan   eksistensi  
English   Academy   Bengkulu.   Sebagai   bentuk   ikhtiar   kami   dalam   dunia  
pendidikan,   khususnya   bagi   bangsa   Indonesia.   English   Academy   Bengkulu  
menyusun   buku   panduan   ini   untuk   mendukung   proses   belajar   mengajar   di  
English  Academy  Bengkulu-­‐  Malaysia  guna  mencapai  hasil  yang  jauh  lebih  baik.  
Oleh   sebab   itu   saya   mengucapkan   terima   kasih   kepada   penyusun   dan   editor  
buku   ini   yang   juga   merupakan   bagian   dari   keluarga   besar   English   Academy  
Bengkulu.  
Dengan   buku   ini,   peserta   didik   di   English   Academy   Bengkulu   Malaysia  
ataupun   pembaca   dapat   mempelajari   Bahasa   Inggris   dengan   mudah   dan  
menyenangkan  sesuai  dengan  tujuan  utama  penyusunan  buku  ini  
Setiap   bagian   dalam   buku   ini   dilengkapi   dengan   berbagai   macam   eksposi,  
kosa  kata  dan  topik  yang  variatif  dan  aplikatif  dalam  kehidupan  sehari-­‐hari  yang  
telah   disesuaikan   dengan   kebutuhan   para   peserta   didik,   terutama   bagi  
pembelajar   ditingkat   advanced.   Saya   berharap   buku   ini   dapat   membantu   dan  
berguna  bagi  semua  pihak  yang  ingin  belajar  Bahasa  Inggris.  Disamping  itu,  buku  
ini   juga   bisa   memberikan   kontribusi   positif   bagi   English   Academy   Bengkulu  
khususnya  dan  perkembangan  pendidikan  Bahasa  Inggris  di  dunia.  Amiin.  
           
                 Bengkulu,  Desember  2017  
                                                                                                                                                 Direktur  English  Academy  Bengkulu  
 
 
 
 
                   Reko  Serasi,  S.S,  M.A  
 Daftar  Isi   GE  2  
 
Cover  
Kata  Pengantar  Penyusun  &  Editor  
Kata  Pengantar  Direktur  English  Academy  Bengkulu  
Daftar  Isi  
 

Lesson 1: Present Perfect1

Lesson 2 : Perfect Progressive 7

Lesson 3: Question Tag 12

Lesson 4 : Modal 17

Lesson 5: Direct and Indirect Speech 25

Lesson 6: Relative Clause 31

Lesson 7: Both .... and, Either....or, C. Neither ..... nor 37

Lesson 8: Passive Voice 42

Lesson 9: Causative Verb 48

Lesson 10: Elliptical Sentence 54

Lesson 11: Conditional Sentence Type I and II 60

Lesson 12: Gerund and Infinitive 65

Lesson 13: Speaking 72

Lesson 14: Listening 78

Referensi  
Biodata  Penyusun    
Biodata  Editor  
 
 PRESENT  PERFECT   LESSON  1  

 
 

Sentence   Formula  
Affirmative     S  +  has/have  +  V  III  +  O  
S  +  has/have  +  been  +  Adjective/Noun/Adverb  
Negative     S  +  has/have  +  not  +  V  III  +  O  
S  +  has/have  +  not  +  been  +  Adjective/Noun/Adverb  
Interrogative     Has/have  +  S  +  V  III  +  O?  
Has/have  (not)  +  S  +  been  +  Adjective/Noun/Adverb?  
 

Forms  of  the  simple  past:  BE  

Statement        She-­‐‑He-­‐‑It   has  been  in  London  many  times.  
 
   I-­‐‑We-­‐‑You-­‐‑They   have  been  in  London  many  times.  
Negative        She-­‐‑He-­‐‑It   has  not  (hasn’t)  been  in  London  many  times.  
 
   I-­‐‑We-­‐‑You-­‐‑They   have  not  (haven’t)  been  in  London  many  times.  
Question   Has   She-­‐‑He-­‐‑It   been  in  London  many  times?  
 
Have   I-­‐‑We-­‐‑You-­‐‑They   been  in  London  many  times?  
Short  Answer   Yes,   She-­‐‑He-­‐‑It  has   Yes,    I-­‐‑we-­‐‑you-­‐‑they  have.  
 
No,   She-­‐‑He-­‐‑It  hasn’t   No,      I-­‐‑we-­‐‑you  they  haven’t.  
Example:    

1. (+)  I  have  been  in  Europe  several  times.  

(-­‐‑)I  haven’t  been  in  Europe  several  times.  
#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   1  
 PRESENT  PERFECT   LESSON  1  

 
(?)  have  you  been  in  Europe  several  times?  Yes,  I  have/No,  I  haven’t.  
 
2. (+)  Antonio  has  been  in  Chicago  for  two  weeks.  
(-­‐‑)  Antonio  hasn’t  been  in  Chicago  for  two  weeks.  
(?)Has  Antonio  been  in  Chicago  for  two  weeks?  Yes,  he  has/No,  he  hasn’t.  
 
3. (+)  Bob  and  Max  have  been  active  in  politics  for  thirty  years.    
(-­‐‑)  Bob  and  Max  haven’t  been  active  in  politics  for  thirty  years.  
(?)Have  Bob  and  Max  been  active  in  politics  for  thirty  years?  Yes,    they  
have/No,  they  haven’t.  

Forms  of  the  Present  Perfect:  Regular/Irregular  Verbs  

Statement     She-­‐‑He-­‐‑It   has  visited  Bali.  
 
I-­‐‑We-­‐‑You-­‐‑They   have  visited  Bali.  
Negative     She-­‐‑He-­‐‑It   has  not  (hasn’t)  visited  Bali.  
 
We-­‐‑You-­‐‑They   have  not  (haven’t)  visited  Bali.  
Question   Has   She-­‐‑He-­‐‑It   visited  Bali?  
 
Have     I-­‐‑We-­‐‑You-­‐‑They   visited  Bali?  
Short  Answer   Yes,   She-­‐‑He-­‐‑It  has   No,   She-­‐‑He-­‐‑It  hasn’t.  
 
We-­‐‑you-­‐‑they  have   I-­‐‑We-­‐‑you-­‐‑they  haven’t.  
Example:  

1. (+)  Jack  has  studied  English  since  last  month.  

(-­‐‑)  Jack  hasn’t  studied  English  since  last  month.  
(?)  Has  Jack  studied  English  since  last  month?  Yes,  he  has/No,  he  hasn’t.  
2. (+)  We  have  finished  our  assignments.  
(-­‐‑)  We  haven’t  finished  our  assignments.  
(?)  Have  we  finished  our  assignments?  Yes,  we  have/No,  we  haven’t.  
3. (+)  You  have  lived  in  Bengkulu  for  two  years.  
(-­‐‑)  You  haven’t  lived  in  Bengkulu  for  two  years.  
(?)  Have  you  lived  in  Bengkulu  for  two  years?  Yes,  I  have/No,  I  haven’t.  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   2  
 PRESENT  PERFECT   LESSON  1  

 
Use:    

1. We  use  the  simple  present  perfect  to  talk  about  something  that  happened  in  the  
past  and  has  connection  with  the  present.  
Example:  
I  have  had  problem  with  my  laptop.  
It  means  that  I  had  problem  and  it  isn’t  still  fixed.  
2. When  we  talk  about  actions  or  situations  in  the  past  without  a  definite  time.  
Example:    
I  have  lost  my  cellphone.  
3. When  we  give  information  about  a  recent  event.  
Example:    
Some  teachers  have  made  a  big  decision  about  school’s  regulation.  
4. When  we  talk  about  things  we  have  done  until  now.  
Example:  
I  have  written  six  poems  so  far.  
5. When  we  talk  about  experiences  we  have  had  in  life.  
Example:  
Have  you  been  to  Bangkok?  
Yes,  I  have.  
6. With  the  following  time  expressions:  
a. Ever,  never  
Have  you  ever  eaten  eggroll?  
I  have  never  met  my  boyfriend.  
b. Just    
I  have  just  seen  the  headmaster.  
c. Already  (+),  yet  (+,-­‐‑)  
I  have  already  moved  into  new  flat.  
Jack  hasn’t    finished  his  tests  yet.  
d. For,  since  
We  have  been  here  for  three  hours.  
She  has  been  here  since  seven  o’clock.  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   3  
 PRESENT  PERFECT   LESSON  1  

 
EXERCISES:  

A.  Use  the  verbs  in  brackets  in  correct  forms,make  questions  and  answer  them  

   

   

   

   

   

Have you ever flown a kite? Have  you  ever  ..........  (travel)  by  plane?  
Yes,I have. .............  
No,I haven't

   

   

   

   

   

Have  you  ever  ........(do)  bungee  jumping?   Have  you  ever  .......  (visit)  Eiffil  Tower?  
.............     .............  

   

   

   

   

Have  you  ever  .......  (play)  hopscotch?   Have  you  ever  .......  (make)  a  snowman?  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   4  
 PRESENT  PERFECT   LESSON  1  

 
..........   .............  

   

   

   

   

   

 Have  you  ever.........  (find)    a  four  leaf  clover?   Have  you  ever  ........  (see)  a  monster?  
...............   ..............  

   

   

   

   

   
Have  you  ever  .........  (ride)  a  camel?   Have  you  ever  ..........  (catch)  a  big  fish?  
...........   .............  

B. Write  a  suitable  sentence  using  the  PRESENT  PERFECT  TENSE  :  
1. Ann’s  hair  was  dirty.  Now  it’s  clean.  (wash)   …...  Ann  has  washed  her  hair…....  
2. Tom  was  80  kg.  Now  he’s  70.  (lose  weight)   ……………………………………….  
3. Bill  played  football  yesterday.    
Now  he  can’t  walk;  his  leg  is  in  plaster.  (break)    ………………………………………  
4. My  sister  is  looking  for  her  pen.  (lose)       ……………………………………....    
5. Mary  is  on  holiday  in  France.  (go)     ………………………………………  
6. Mr.  Hill  was  in  Canada  last  week.    
He’s  back  in  London  now.  (be)         ……………………….......................  
7. Look!  Mrs.  Smith  has  got  many  packages.  (buy)  ……………………………………....  
8. I  can’t  eat  anything  now.  (eat  too  much)       ………………………………………  
9. Mrs.  Jenkins  is  very  tired.  (clean  /  house)     ………………………………………  
10. Tony  needs  a  holiday.  (work  /  hard  /  this  year)    …………………………………......  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   5  
 PRESENT  PERFECT   LESSON  1  

 
 
C. Fill  in  the  blanks  with  ALREADY  or  YET:  
1. He  hasn’t  called  us  ………………………………  .  
2. They  have  …………………………………  sent  the  letter.  
3. John  has  ………………………………  bought  the  tickets  for  the  football  match.  
4. We  have  ………………………………..  been  to  Mexico  three  times.  
5. You  haven’t  visited  Tokyo  …………………………………  .  
6. Has  John  bought  a  new  car  …………………………………..  ?  
7. The  plane  has  ……………………………  left.  
8. Has  she  done  it  ……………………………..  ?  No,  not  ………………………….  .  
9. A:  Haven’t  they  arrived  ……………………………….  ?  
B:  Oh,  yes.  They  have  …………………………………  arrived.  
10. Hurry  up!  The  class  has  ………………………………  started.  
11. Be  careful!  They  have  …………………………………  painted  the  door.  
12. Haven’t  you  read  the  book  ……………………………….  ?  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   6  
 PERFECT  PROGRESSIVE   LESSON  2  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   7  
 PERFECT  PROGRESSIVE   LESSON  2  

Forms  of  Perfect  Progressive  

Statement        She-­‐‑He-­‐‑It   has  been  working  all  day.  
 
   I-­‐‑We-­‐‑You-­‐‑They   have  been  working  all  day.  
Negative        She-­‐‑He-­‐‑It   has  not  (hasn’t)  been  working  all  day.  
 
   I-­‐‑We-­‐‑You-­‐‑They   have  not  (haven’t)  been  working  all  day.  
Question   Has   She-­‐‑He-­‐‑It   been  working  all  day?  
 
Have   I-­‐‑We-­‐‑You-­‐‑They   been  working  all  day?  
Short  Answer   Yes,   She-­‐‑He-­‐‑It  has   Yes,    I-­‐‑we-­‐‑you-­‐‑they  have.  
 
No,   She-­‐‑He-­‐‑It  hasn’t   No,      I-­‐‑we-­‐‑you  they  haven’t.  

Example:  

1. (+)  I  have  been  studying  for  two  hours.  

(-­‐‑)  I  haven’t  been  studying  for  two  hours.  

(?)  Have  you  been  studying  for  two  hours?  Yes,  I  have/No,  I  haven’t.  

2. (+)  Jenny  has  been  singing  lately.  

(-­‐‑)  Jenny  hasn’t  been  singing  lately.  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   8  
 PERFECT  PROGRESSIVE   LESSON  2  

 
(?)  Has  Jenny  been  singing  lately?  Yes,  she  has/No,  she  hasn’t.  

3. (+)  They  have  been  teaching  since  2013.  

(-­‐‑)  They  haven’t  been  teaching  since  2013.  

(?)  Have  they  been  teaching  since  2013?  Yes,  they  have/No,  they  haven’t.  

Use:  

1. We   use   the   present   perfect   continuous   to   talk   about   actions   or   situations   that  
started  in  the  past  and  are  still  in  progress.  

Example:  

                       She  has  been  learning  English  for  four  years.  

It  means:    (She  is  still  learning  English)  

2. When  we  talk  about  actions  or  situations  that  have  recently  stopped  but  they  still  
have  present  results.  

Example:  You  are  wet.  Yes,  It  has  been  raining  a  lot!  

3. When  we  talk  about  repeated  actions.  

Example:  She  has  been  sending  him  a  lot  of  messages  all  day.  

4. With  “How  long”  questions.  

Example:  How  long  has  he  been  watching  a  movie?  

5. With    the  following  time  expressions:  

-­‐‑recently                  -­‐‑lately                  -­‐‑since                -­‐‑for                -­‐‑all  day              -­‐‑all  morning  

Example:  Max  has  been  driving  lately.    

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   9  
 PERFECT  PROGRESSIVE   LESSON  2  

 
I  have  been  painting  since  nine  o´clock.  

What  has  she  been  doing  recently?  

EXERCISES:

A. Use  PRESENT  PERFECT  CONTINUOUS  TENSE  to  fill  in  the  blanks:  
1. I’m  tired,  because  I  ……  have  been  working  ……….  (work)  very  hard.  
2. He  …………………………………………  (write)  letters  all  morning.  
3. Catherina  is  getting  fatter  because  she  …………………………  (eat)  too  much.  
4. My  mother  …………………………………..  (peel)  the  potatoes  all  afternoon.  
5. Cathy  ……………………………………  (attend)  a  cookery  course  since  March.  
6. How  long  ……………  you  ……………………………………..  (learn)  English?  
7. Where  are  my  eye-­‐‑glasses?  I………………………..  (look)  for  them  for  an  hour.  
8. Charles  …………………………………….  (escape)  from  the  police  for  years.  
9. How  long  ……………  you  …………………………………  (use)  a  computer?  
10. Elizabeth  …………………………………..  (live)  with  Mike  for  three  years.  
11. She  ………………………….  (earn)  quite  a  lot  of  money  for  the  last  two  years.  
12. It  ………………………………………………….  (rain)  fro  six  hours.  
 
B. Use  PRESENT  PERFECT  TENSE  or  PRESENT  PERFECT  CONTINUOUS  to  
fill  in  the  blanks:  
1. I’ve  bought  /  have  been  buying  a  new  pair  of  shoes.  
2. Have  you  finished  /  Have  you  been  finishing  reading  that  book  yet?  
3. They’ve  eaten  /  have  been  eating  fruit  all  afternoon,  ever  since  they  came  from  
school.  
4. I’ve  been  reading  /  have  read  this  book  now,  so  you  can  have  it  back.  
5. I’ve  been  writing  /  have  written  eight  pages  already.  
6. Your  exam  paper  is  completely  blank!  What  have  you  been  doing  /  have  you  
done?  
7. Oh,  no!  There’s  nothing  to  eat.  My  sister  has  been  eating  /  has  eaten  
everything  I  left  in  the  kitchen.  
8. Oh,  no!  There’s  no  wine  to  drink.  They  have  drunk  /  have  been  drinking  all  
the  wine.  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   10  
 PERFECT  PROGRESSIVE   LESSON  2  

 
9. No  wonder  your  eyes  hurt.  You’ve  been  playing  /  have  played  computer  
games  ever  since  you  had  your  breakfast.  
10. I  haven’t  seen  /  haven’t  been  seeing  you  for  ages.  
11. God!  Hakan  has  scored  /  has  been  scoring.  
12. They  have  danced  /  have  been  dancing  for  an  hour.  
13. I  have  been  waiting  /  have  waited  for  you  for  ages.  
14. I’ve  finished  /  ‘ve  been  finishing  my  work.  
15. I’ve  been  writing  /  have  written  this  letter  for  an  hour.  
16. He  has  visited  /  has  been  visiting  ten  museums  this  week.  
17. I’m  very  tired.  Because  I  have  travelled  /  have  been  travelling  around  Istanbul  
all  day.  
18. She  has  found  /  has  been  finding  a  good  job.  
19. I’m  hot  because  I  have  been  running  /  have  run.  
20. I  have  written  /  have  been  writing  letters  for  weeks.  
 
   

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   11  
 QUESTION  TAG   LESSON  3  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Source:  [Link]  
 
In  an  office,  a  man  and  a  woman  are  having  a  job  interview:  
 
Man     :  So,  you  want  to  apply  the  position  as  a  secretary,  don’t  you?  
Woman   :  Yes,  I  do.  
Man    :   From   your   CV,   I   know   that   you   do   not   like   reading,   do   you?   Why?   It  
enlarges  your  knowledge.  
Woman   :  Adding  my  knowledge  isn’t  always  from  reading,  is  it?  I  enlarge  my  
knowledge   by   listening   to   radio   and   having   a   conversation   with  
various  kinds  of  people.  
Man    :  Okay,  I  get  it.  What  about  your  ability?  you  can  do  all  computational  
skills,  can’t  you?  
Woman    :  Exactly,  and  I  am  able  to  work  in  team.  
Man   :   Okay,   that’s   enough   for   the   interview.   We   will   contact   you   for   the  
further  information.  
#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   12  
 QUESTION  TAG   LESSON  3  

 
Woman   :  So,  I  will  be  contacted,  Won’t  it?  
Man   :  Yaps.  Thanks  for  your  time.  
Woman   :  My  pleasure.  
 
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  *****  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  
 
 

Source:  [Link]  

 
QUESTION  TAG  
A  question  tag  is  a  short  question  at  the  end  of  a  sentence  using  the  
following  form:  

(SENTENCE),  auxiliary  verb  +  Subject?  

We  use  a  question  tag  for:  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   13  
 QUESTION  TAG   LESSON  3  

 
1. Asking  someone  to  agree  with  us.  
e.g.  Today  is  extremely  hot,  isn’t  it?  
2. Checking  if  something  is  true.  
e.g.  You’re  Dan’s  sister,  aren’t  you?  
 
How  do  we  form  a  question  tag?    
1. Auxiliary  verb  
If  the  main  verb  in  the  sentence  is  negative,  to  form  the  tag,  we  use  the  
corresponding  affirmative  auxiliary  verb,  and  the  other  way  around.  
e.g.   They  didn’t  agree  with  us,  did  they?  
Sue  is  living  in  Paris  right  now,  isn’t  she?  
2. Subject  
The  subject  used  in  the  QT  is  the  same  that  we  have  in  the  sentence,  but  
in  the  pronoun  form.  
e.g.   Lorna  and  Matt  are  happy  together,  aren’t  they?  
 
SOME  EXCEPTIONS  
• Lets…,  shall  we?  
  e.g.  Let’s  sunbathe  today,  shall  we?  
• I’m…,  aren’t  I?  
  e.g.  I’m  getting  red,  aren’t  I?  
• Imperative,  will/would/could  you?  
  e.g.  Pass  me  the  salt,  will  you?  
• Negative   words   (no,   never,   hardly,   nobody,   little,…)   which   stand   for  
negative  verb  need  a  positive  tag.  
  e.g.   He  never  comes,  does  he?  
    There  is  no  reason  for  leaving  now,  is  there?  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   14  
 QUESTION  TAG   LESSON  3  

 
• There…,  …  there?  
  e.g.  There  is  a  lot  of  homework  today,  isn’t  there?  
• Indefinite   pronouns   as   subjects   (someone,   everybody,   anybody,  
nobody…)  are  substituted  by  “they”  in  the  QT.    
  e.g.  Someone  will  come,  won’t  they?  
• Nothing  and  everything  are  substituted  by  “it”  in  QT.    
  e.g.  Everything  is  okay,  isn’t  it?    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   15  
 QUESTION  TAG   LESSON  3  

 
Exercises:  
Fill  the  tag  question!  

1. You  are  very  active,  aren’t  you?  

2. He  is  Indonesian,       ?  

3. You  live  in  America,       ?  

4. There  wasn’t  anyone  in  the  class,       ?  

5. Mr.  Arif    is  a  lecturer  in  that  university,       ?  

6. Reko’s  brother  finished  his  study  last  month,       ?  

7. The  teachers  weren’t  in  the  office  yesterday,       ?  

8. Jack  and  Alice  are  doctors,       ?  

9. Harry  is  a  singer,       ?  

10. Mrs.  Regina  is  going  to  watch  the  movie  today,       ?  

11. The  passenger  will  carry  on  their  own  luggage,       ?  

12. Everybody  sings  in  the  party,       ?  

13. They  have  just  sold  their  house,       ?  

14. Nobody  knows  who  he  is,       ?  

15. They  won’t  go  to  Bali  tomorrow,       ?  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   16  
 MODAL    LESSON  4  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
THE  FORM  OF  MODAL  AUXILIARIES  
Modal   auxiliaries   are   helping   verbs   that   express   a   wide   range   of   meanings   (ability,  
permission,  possibility,  necessity,  etc).  Most  of  modals  have  more  one  meaning.  
Auxiliary  +  V-­‐‑I   Can,  could,  may,  might,  should,  had  better,  
Can   a. Betti  can  speak  Chinese.   must,  will,  and  would  are  followed  by  simple  
Could   b. He  couldn’t  come.   form  of  a  verb  (V-­‐‑I).  
May   c. It  may  rain  tomorrow.   -­‐‑ They  are  not  followed  by  to  
Might   d. It  might  rain  tomorrow.   -­‐‑ The  main  verb  does  not  have  a  final  –s.  
Should   e. We  should  study  hard.   -­‐‑ The  main  verb  is  not  in  a  past  form.  
Had  better   f. I  had  better  study  tonight.   -­‐‑ The  main  verb  is  not  in  its  –ing  form.  
Must   g. Kim  must  meet  his  mother.  
Will   h. I  will  swim  tomorrow.  
 
Would     i. Would  you  open  the  door?  
Auxiliary  +  to  +  V-­‐‑I   To  +  V-­‐‑I  is  used  with  these  auxiliries:  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   17  
 MODAL    LESSON  4  

 
Have  to   j. I  have  to  go.   Have  to,  have  got  to,  and  ought  to.  
Have  got  to   k. I  have  got  to  go.  
 
Ought  to   l. She  ought  to  study  hard.  
 
1. Expressing  Ability  
Expressing  Ability:  can  and  could  
a. Tari  can    play  golf.   Can  expreeses  ability  in  the  present  or  
b. You  can  buy  a  novel  in  bookstore.   future.  
c. I  can  sing  dangdut.  
d. I      can’t            understand  him.     The  negative  form  can:  can’t,  cannot,  or  
       cannot   can  not.  
       can  not  
e. I  could  read  when  I  was  four  years  old.   The  past  form  of  can:  could.  
f. I  couldn’t  read  when  I  was  two  years  old.   The  negative  form  of  could:  couldn’t  or  
could  not  
 
2. Expressing  Possibility  and  Permission  
Expressing  Possibility:  May  and  Might  
a. It  may  rain  tomorrow.   May  and  might  express  possibility  in  the  
b. It  might  rain  tomorrow.   present  or  future.  
c. A:  why  isn’t  John  in  class?   They  have  the  same  meaning.  
B:  I  don’t  know.  He  may/might  be  sick  
today.    
d. It  may  not  rain  tomorrow.   Negative  form:  may  not  and  might  not.  (Do  
e. It  might  not  rain  tomorrow.   not  conract)  
f. Maybe  it  will  rain  tomorrow.   In  (f)  and  (g):  maybe  (spelled  as  one  word)  
COMPARE   is  an  adverb.  It  means  “possibly”.  It  comes  
g. Maybe  John  is  sick.  (adverb)   at  the  beginning  of  the  sentence.  
h. John  may  be  sick.  (verb)   Incorrect:  it  will  maybe  rain.  
In  (h):  may  be  (two  words)  is  a  verb  form:  
the  auxilary  may  +  the  main  verb  be.  
Incorrect:  John  maybe  sick.  
i. a.  A:  why  isn’t  Kat  in  Class?   Here,  could  means  possibility.  
       B:  I  don’t  know.  He  could  be  sick.   In  (i):  could  expresses  a  present  possibility.  
j. Look  at  those  dark  clouds.  It  could  start   In  (j):  could  expresses  a  future  possibility.  
raining  any  minute.  
Expressing  Permission:  May  and  Can  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   18  
 MODAL    LESSON  4  

 
k. Yes,    children,  you  may  have  a  cookie   May  and  can  are  used  to  give  pwrmission.  
after  lunch.   They  have  the  same  meaning.  
l. Okay,  kids,  you  can  have  a  cookie  after   May  is  more  formal  than  can.  
lunch.  
m. You  may  not  have  a  cookie.   May  not  and  can’t  are  used  to  deny  
You  can’t  have  a  cookie.   permission.  
 
3. Polite  questions  
Polite  Questions:  May  I,  Could  I,  Can  I  
Polite  question   Possible  answers   May  I,  could  I,  can  I  are  
a. May  I  please  borrow  your   Yes   used  to  ask  polite    
book?   Yes.  Of  course.   questions  (ask  for  
b. Could  I  please  borrow  your   Yes.  Certainly.   someon’s  permission  or  
book?   Sure.  (informal)   agreement.  
c. Can  I  please  borrow  your   Okay.  (informal)   (a),  (b),  and  (c)  have  the  
book?   Uh-­‐‑uh.   same  meaning.    
I’m  sorry,  but  I  need  to   Please  can  come  at  the  
use  it  myself.   end  of  the  question.  
Please  can  be  omitted  
from  the  question.  
Polite  Questions:  Would  You,  Could  You,  Will  You,  Can  You  
Polite  questions     Possible  answers   They  have  the  same  
a. Would  you  please  open  the   Yes   meaning,  but  can  is  less  
window?   Yes.  Of  course.   formal  than  others.  
b. Could  you  please  open  the   Certainly.  I’d  be  happy  to.   May  is  not  used  when    
window?   Of  course.  I’d  be  glad  to.   you  is  the  subject  of  the  
c. Will  you  please  open  the   Sure.  (informal)   polite  question.  
window?   Okay.  (informal)  
d. Can  you  please  open  the   Uh-­‐‑uh.  
window?   I’m  sorry,  I’d  like  to  help  
but  my  hands  are  full.  
 
4. Expressing  advice  
Expressing  Advice:  Should,  Ought  to,  Had  Better  
a. My  clothes  are  dirty  I      should              wash  them.   They  have  the  same  meaning  “this  is  
                                                                             Ought  to   a  good  idea/good  advice”.  
                                                                             Had  better  
b. You’re  driving  too  fast!  You’d  better  slow   Had  better  usually  implies  a  warning  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   19  
 MODAL    LESSON  4  

 
down.   about  possible  bad  consequences.  In  
(b):  if  you  don’t  slow  down,  there  
could  be  bad  a  result.  You  could  get  
an  accident.  
c. You  should  not  (shouldn’t)  stay  up  late.   Ought  to  is  usually  not  used  in  the  
d. A:  I’m  going  to  be  late.  What  should  I  do?   negative  and  question  form.  
B:  Run.  
e. You’d  better  not  eat  cookies.  
f. A:  I’m  tired  today.   The  use  of  maybe:  softens  advice.  
B:  Maybe  you  should/ought  to  go  home  and  
take  a  nap.  
 
5. Expressing  Necessity  
Expressing  Necessity:  Have  to,  Have  Got  to,  Must  
a. I  have  a  very  important  test  tomorrow.   They  basically  have  the  same  meaning.  
I      have  to                study  tonight.     They  express  the  idea  that  something  is  
       have  got  to   necessary.  
       must    
b. I’d  like  to  go  with  you  today,  but  I  can’t.   Have  to  is  used  much  more  frequently  in  
I  have  to  go  to  a  conference.   everyday  speech  and  writing  than  must.  
c. Bye  now!  I’ve  got  to  go.  My  sister’s   Have  got  to  is  used  in  informal  
waiting  for  me.     conversiation.  
d. All  passengers  must  present  their   Must  is  found  in  written  instructions.  It  is  
passports  at  customs  upon  arrival.   usually  a  strong,  serious,  “no  nonsense”  
word.  
e. Do  we  have  to  bring  pencils  to  the  test?   Questions:  have  to  is  usually  used  in  
f. Why  did  he  have  to  leave  so  early?   questions,  not  must  or  have  got  to.  Forms  
of  do  are  used  with  have  to  in  questions.  
g. I  had  to  study  last  night.   The  past  form  of  have  to,  have  got  to,  and  
must  (meaning  necessity)  is  had  to.  
 
6. Making  Logical  Conclusions  
Making  Logical  Conclusions:  Must  
A:  Nancy  is  yawning   Speaker  (B)  is  making  a  logical  guess.  He  
B:  She  must  be  sleepy.   bases  his  guess  on  the  information  that  
Nancy  is  yawning.  His  logical  conclusion,  
his  “best  guess”,  is  that  Nancy  is  sleepy.  
He  uses  must  to  express  his  logical  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   20  
 MODAL    LESSON  4  

 
conclusion.  
 
7. Making  suggestions  
Making  Suggestions:  Let’s  and  Why  Don’t    
a. A:  It’s  hot  today.  Let’s  go  to  the  beach.   They  have  the  same  meaning.  
B:  Okay.  Good  idea.   They  are  used  to  make  suggestions  about  
b. A:  It’s  hot  today.  Why  don’t  we  go  to   activities  for  you  and  me.  
the  beach?   Let’s  =  let  us  
B:  Okay.  Good  idea.  
c. A:  I’m  tired.   Why  don’t  you  (do  something)  is  used  to  
B:  Why  don’t  you  take  a  nap?   make  a  friendly  suggestion,  to  give  
A:  That’s  a  good  idea.  I  think  I  will.   friendly  advice.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   21  
 MODAL    LESSON  4  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   22  
 MODAL    LESSON  4  

 
EXERCISES:  
A. A   mysterious   letter   has   arrived   for   Tom   by   special   delivery.   He   is   nervous  
about  opening  it.  Add  suitable  MODAL  VERBS  to  complete  the  dialogue.  He  
is  with  Jill,  his  wife.  
Jill   :  ……………………….  I  have  a  look  at  it?  (permission)  
Tom   :  I  ………………………  think  who  it’s  from.  (negative  ability)  
Jill   :  It  ………………………  be  important.  (assumption)  
Tom   :  ……………………  you  read  the  postmark?  (ability)  
Jill   :  It  ………………………..  be  from  the  taxman.  (possibility)  
Tom   :   No,   it   ……………………..   be   from   him.   He   always   uses   a   special  
envelope.  (negative  assumption)  
Jill   :  It  ………………………..  be  from  your  bank  manager  (possibility),  so  you  
………….  open  it  immediately.  (advice)  
Tom  :  Yes,  I  …………………………  stop  putting  it  off  (obligation).  Now,  let’s  see.  
Is  it  good  news  or  bad?  
 
B. Use  a  suitable  present  or  past  MODAL  AUXILIARY:  
1. He  ………………………..  play  chess  when  he  was  young.  
2. You  ……………………..  drive  a  car  when  you  are  18.  
3.  ………………………  I  ask  you  a  question?  
4. She  …………………….  be  25.  She  looks  older  than  that.  
5. His  telephone  doesn’t  answer.  He  ……………………………..  (go)  to  the  club.  
6. She  entered  the  room  carrying  a  wet  umbrella.  She………………………(walk)  
in  the  rain.  
7. My  car  didn’t  work  this  morning.  So  I  ……………………….  walk  to  the  office.  
8. He  ……………………………………  (be)  home,  but  we  didn’t  telephone  him.  
9. She  …………………………………...  (help)  me  a  lot  by  giving  me  a  little  of  his  
time,  but  she  preferred  to  go  out.  
10. He  doesn’t  know  the  answer.  He  ……………………………………..  (study).  
11. I  can’t  find  the  house.  I  ……………………………..  (write)  down  the  address.  
12. She  is  very  sleepy.  She  …………………………….  (stay)  up  very  late  last  night.  
13. I  …………………  go  for  a  walk  later.  It  depends  on  the  weather.  
14. The  ground  is  covered  with  snow.  It  …………………………  (snow)  last  night.  
15. She   ……………………………………   (be)   in   a   great   hurry   to   leave   for   the  
theater  because  she  left  all  the  dinner  dishes  on  the  table.  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   23  
 MODAL    LESSON  4  

 
16.  That  store  has  just  gone  bankrupt.  I  believe  they  ……………………  (have)  a  
stricter  policy  about  giving  people  credit.  
17. I’m  afraid  Mr.  Smith  is  deaf.  He  ………………………………………  (not  /  hear)  
what  you  say.  
 
C. Fill  in  the  blanks  with  suitable  MODAL  AUXILIARY  VERBS:  
1. At  the  end  of  the  month  the  Post  Office  will  send  him  an  enormous  bill  which  
he  …………………………………..  pay.  
2. When   I   was   a   child,   I   ……………………………   understand   adults,   and   now  
that  I  am  an  adult  I  ………………………  understand  children.  
3. When   I   first   went   to   England   I   …………………   read   English   but   I  
………………………  understand  it.  
4. ……………………..  I  see  your  passport,  please?  
5. He  sees  very  badly,  he  ………………….  wear  glasses  all  the  time.  
6. Pedestrians  ………………….  either  use  the  crosswalk  or  cross  the  street  at  the  
traffic  lights.  
7. The  buses  were  all  full;  I  ………………………  take  a  taxi.  
8. You  …………………….  drive  fast;  there  is  a  speed  limit  here.  
9. ………………….  we  all  go  to  the  football  match  tonight?  
10. You  ………………….  argue  with  your  father,  you  ………………..  obey  him.  
11. I   know   she   was   in   because   I   heard   her   radio,   but   she   didn’t   open   the   door.  
She  ………….………………………..  (hear)  the  bell.  
12. A:  I  bought  two  bottles  of  milk.  
B:  You  …………………………………..  (buy)  milk;  we  have  heaps  in  the  house.  
13. I  ……………………  carry  this  heavy  pack  myself.  I  think  I  will  ask  for  help.  
14. When   I   woke   up   this   morning,   the   light   was   on.   I   ……………………………  
(forget)  to  turn  it  off.  
15. I   saw   her   at   the   office   half   an   hour   ago.   She   …………………………(be)   at  
home  now.  It  is  almost  impossible.  
16. I  can’t  find  my  keys.  I  …………………….  (put)  them  somewhere  in  my  room.  
17. I  don’t  know  what  all  this  noise  about.  It  ……………………………………  (be)  
my  father  breaking  wood  in  the  backyard.  
18. I  can’t  find  my  mother.  She  ……………………………………  (go)  shopping.  
19. The  weather  is  overcast.  It  ……………………………..  (rain)  in  the  afternoon.  
20. If  you  have  finished  your  work,  you  ………………………..  (leave).  
21. …………………….  you  like  to  come  to  the  cinema  with  us?  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   24  
 MODAL    LESSON  4  

 
22. …………………….  I  come  in?  
23. Emily  ………………………………  (wear)  glasses  since  she  was  eight.  
24. Deniz  had  no  money,  so  she  sold  her  car.  A  few  days  later  she  won  a  lot  of  
money  in  a  competition.  She  ………………………………………..  (sell)  her  car.  
25. The  accident  happened  because  he  was  driving  on  the  wrong  side  of  the  road.  
He…………………………………………….  (drive)on  the  right.  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   25  
 DIRECT  AND  INDIRECT   LESSON  
SPEECH   5  
 

Direct  and  Indirect  Speech  :  

1. How  to  use  Direct  and  Indirect  Speech  

2. Statement  
3. Yes/No  question  
4. Imperative  
5. WH  –  Question  

How  to  use  Direct  and  Indirect  Speech  

      Direct   Indirect  
We  use  direct  speech  in  our  writing:   When  we  use  indirect  speech  in  our  
writing:  
¨ The  exact  words  spoken  must  be  
put  inside  quotation  marks.    “    ”   ¨ We  don’t  use  quotation  marks.  
¨ The  first  spoken  word  must   ¨ We  usually  have  to  change  
have  a  capital  letter.   pronouns,  verb  tenses  and,  
¨ When  a  new  speaker  begins,  we   time.  
must  start  a  new  line.   ¨ We  don’t  have  to  start  a  new  
line  when  we  report  a  new  
speaker’s  words.  

Notice:  

PRONOUN
Changes of Pronoun
Direct : Direct :
Richard said, “I’m tired.” Ria said, “I am coming.”
Indirect : Indirect :
Richard said that he was tired Ria said that she was coming.

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   25  
 DIRECT  AND  INDIRECT   LESSON  
SPEECH   5  
 

TENSES
No. Direct Indirect Example
1. Simple Present Simple past "I never understand you," she told me.
She told me that she never understood me.
2. Present Perfect Past Perfect "I have broken the window," he admitted.
He admitted that he had broken the window.
3. Simple Past Past perfect "She went to Rome," I thought.
I thought that she had gone to Rome.
4. Future Perfect Past future Gafur says, “I will have finished my duty in the
perfect end of this moth.”
Gafur said that he would have finished his duty
in the end of this month
 

MODALS
No. Direct Indirect Example
5. Shall would • "I shall appreciate it," he said.
He said he would appreciate it.
Will Would • "We will be really glad," she told us.
She told us they would be really glad.
May Might • "I may write to him," she promised.
She promised that she might write to him.
Can Could • Robby says, “I can fly without wings.”
Robby said that he could fly without wings.

Note : would , should, could, might, ought to and must are unchanged
 

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   26  
 DIRECT  AND  INDIRECT   LESSON  
SPEECH   5  
 

SITUATION (TIME)
No Direct Indirect Example
1. Now Then Direct Speech :
2. Tomorrow The following day/The next day John said, “I did this exercise last
3. Yesterday The day before night.”
4. Nextweek The following week
Indirect Speech :
5. Tonight/today That night/That day
6. Here There John said that he had done that
exercise the previous night.
7. This That
8. These Those 'this' becomes 'that'
9. Last week The previous week/the week 'last night' becomes 'the previous
before night'
10. A year ago A year before/The previous before  

Statement     Example  
When  we  use  
reported   Example Direct and Indirect Speech
speech,  the  
main  verb  is  
usually  in  past   I like this dress.
tense  (said,  
Direct Speech
told,  informed,  
warned,   The woman said, “I like this dress.”
wanted  to  
Indirect Speech
know,  etc).    
The woman said that she liked the dress.

 
 

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   27  
 DIRECT  AND  INDIRECT   LESSON  
SPEECH   5  
 

Yes/No   Example  
Questions  
Indirect  
speech  from   Example Direct and Indirect Speech
direct  Yes/No  
question   Can you take a
always  start   deep breath?
with  either  ‘if’  
Direct Speech
or  ‘whether’.  
“Can you take a deep breath?” asked the
 
doctor.
Indirect Speech

The doctor asked the boy if he could take a

deep breath.
 

Imperative   Example  
Indirect  speech  from  direct  imperative   • I  said,  “Take  your  seat.”  
always  start  with  ‘to  infinitive’  for   I  asked  him  to  take  his  seat.  
positive  imperative  or  ‘not  to  infinitive’   • He  said,  “Don’t  disturb  me,  
for  negative  imperative.   please.”  
He  requested  me  not  to  
disturb  him.  
 
 

WH-­‐‑Question   Example  
Indirect  speech  from  direct  
WH-­‐‑question  starts  with  wh-­‐‑
question  followed  by  statement  
form,  not  question  form  
anymore.  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   28  
 DIRECT  AND  INDIRECT  
SPEECH   LESSON  5  

Exercises:  

A. Change  into  direct  speech!  

Direct Speech
Use the correct punctuation to write
what is being said.
I’ve caught The train will
three fish. leave in ten
minutes!
I love ice
cream.

Do you
I am a know
clever what
girl. type of
angle
this is?

 
B. Change  into  indirect  speech!  

Indirect Speech
Use the correct punctuation to
report what was said.
I’ve caught The train will
three fish. leave in ten
minutes!

I love ice
cream.
Do you
I am a know
clever what
girl. type of
angle
this is?

 
#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   29  
 DIRECT  AND  INDIRECT  
SPEECH   LESSON  5  

 
C. Change  the  following  sentences  into  Direct  or  Indirect  Speech!  
1. David  said  there  was  an  excellent  bank  playing  later  on.  
2. Christine  said,  "ʺI  saw  Amy  at  the  bank  on  Monday."ʺ  
3. Jonathan  said  he  had  returned  the  dictionary  to  the  library.  
4. The  doctor  said,  "ʺI'ʹll  send  you  the  results  as  soon  as  they  arrive."ʺ  
5. Caroline  said,  "ʺWill  you  come  to  my  party  on  Saturday?"ʺ  
6. The  shop  assistant  asked  if  I  was  looking  for  something  special.  
7. Jack  said,  “I'ʹll  lend  you  my  grammar  book  if  you  think  it  will  help.”  
 

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   30  
 RELATIVE  CLAUSE   LESSON  6  

 
 

Relative   clause   (adjective   clause)   modifies   a   noun.   It   describes   or   gives  

information  about  a  noun.  Clause  is  marked  by  who,  whom,  which,  where,  when,  that.  

Based  on  the  antecedent  (the  noun  or  pronoun  being  modified)  which  is  pointed  
by  introductory  word,  adjective  clause  is  devided  in  two:  

1.  Relative  pronoun  

2.  Relative  adverb.  

Noun  
antecedent   Introductory   Word  illustrative  sentences  
meaning  
  1. Relative    
Pronoun  :  
A  person   Who   Is  a  subject  pronoun.  
  e.g:    
The  man  gave  a  book.  The  man  drove  a  car.  
The  man  who  gave  me  a  book  drove  a  car.  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   31  
 RELATIVE  CLAUSE   LESSON  6  

 
Whom     Is  an  object  pronoun.  It  can  be  omitted  from  adj  clause.  
e.g:  
The  boy  is  my  classmate.  I  am  waiting  for  him.  
The  boy  whom  I  am  waiting  for  is  my  classmate.  =  
The  boy  I  am  waiting  for  is  my  classmate.  
Whose     Shows  possession.  
e.g:  
Abdul  is  my  brother.  His  bicycle  is  under  the  tree.  
Abdul  whose  bicycle  is  under  the  tree  is  my  brother.  
A  thing/   Which     Is  used  as  subject  pronoun.  It  cannot  be  omitted.  
animal   e.g:  
The  lion  seems  very  tame.  The  lion  is  in  the  cage.  
The  lion  which  is  in  the  cage  seems  very  tame.  
 Is   used   as   an   object   pronoun.   It   can   be   omitted   from  
an  adjective  clause.  
 
e.g:  
The  cake  is  delicious.  My  mother  baked  the  cake.  
The  cake  which  my  mother  baked  is  delicious.  =  
The  cake  my  mother  baked  is  delicious.  
All  (person/   That     Is  used  as  subject/object  pronoun.  
Thing)   e.g:  
The  man  is  friendly.  He  lives  next  to  me.  
The  man  who  (that)  lives  next  to  me  is  friendly.  
The  man  is  friendly.  I  met  him.  
The  man  whom  (that)  I  met  is  friendly.  
The  river  is  polluted.  It  flows  through  the  town.  
The   river   which   (that)   flows   through   the   town   is  
polluted.  
  2. Relative    
Adverb:    
A  place   Where   It  only  works  as  a  complement.  
e.g:  
Here  is  the  house  where  I  live.  
A  time     When   It  only  works  as  a  complement.  
e.g:  
#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   32  
 RELATIVE  CLAUSE   LESSON  6  

 
This  is  the  year  when  the  Olympic  Games  are  held.  
 

EXERCISES:  

A. Join  these  sentences  using  suitable  RELATIVE  PRONOUNS:  

1. We  have  a  neighbour.  His  dog  barks  a  lot.  
………………………………………………………………………………  
2. I  don’t  know  most  of  the  people.  You  invited  them  for  the  party.  
………………………………………………………………………………  
3. My  cousin  is  a  journalist.  Her  job  is  interesting.  
………………………………………………………………………………  
#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   33  
 RELATIVE  CLAUSE   LESSON  6  

 
4. That’s  the  parcel.  It  came  in  the  mail.  
………………………………………………………………………………  
5. Do  you  know  the  man?  I  asked  him  the  address.  
………………………………………………………………………………  
6. The  boy  is  the  travel  agent.  He  is  checking  the  tickets.  
………………………………………………………………………………  
7. The  gardener’s  wife  has  just  had  her  third  baby.  She  has  been  married  for  six  
years.  
………………………………………………………………………………  
8. The  horse  came  in  last.  You  were  telling  me  about  it.  
………………………………………………………………………………  
9. I  can’t  remember  the  town.  I  was  born  there.  
………………………………………………………………………………  
10. I  apologized  to  the  woman.  I  spilt  her  coffee.  
………………………………………………………………………………  
11. Did  you  mail  the  letters?  They  were  on  my  table.  
………………………………………………………………………………  
12. The  man  teaches  at  the  university.  You  met  his  daughter  last  night.  
………………………………………………………………………………  
13. We’re  studying  science.  It  helps  us  to  find  out  a  lot  about  the  world  around  
us.  
………………………………………………………………………………  
14. The  man  was  very  rich.  He  left  a  big  tip  for  the  waiter.  
………………………………………………………………………………  
15. The  subject  interested  everyone.  You  wrote  about  it  last  week.  
………………………………………………………………………………  
16. Mrs.  Fox  belongs  to  an  organization.  It  assista  hospitals.  
………………………………………………………………………………  
17. You  should  go  to  Dr.  Anderson.  He’ll  give  you  a  common  exam.  
………………………………………………………………………………  
18. We  met  a  girl.  Her  name  was  unusual.  
……………………………………………………………………………….  
19. The  story  can’t  possibly  be  true.  He  told  it  to  us.  
……………………………………………………………………………….  
20. Did  you  buy  the  dress?  It  was  very  smart  and  expensive.  
……………………………………………………………………………….  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   34  
 RELATIVE  CLAUSE   LESSON  6  

 
 
B. Complete  the  sentences  with  WHO  /  WHICH  /  WHERE  /  WHOSE:  
My   friend   ………………..   took   me   to   a   restaurant   works   in   a   big   shop  
………………   sells   expensive   shoes.   The   restaurant   …………………….   we   had  
lunch   was   very   modern.   The   food   …………………..   they   served   was   excellent.  
The   waiters   …………………..   shirts   were   silk   were   always   busy   with   the  
customers  ……………………  wallets  were  full  of  money.  
The  table  …………………  we  had  was  near  a  window,  so  we  could  see  the  
cars  …………….  were  parked  by  the  rich  customers  ourside  the  restaurant.  They  
were  being  watched  by  a  young  man  in  uniform.    
After   we   had   finished   the   meals,   the   waiter   …………………my   friend  
called  came  with  a  small  silver  box  ………………….  he  had  already  put  the  bill  
in.   When   my   friend   took   the   bill   out   of   the   box,   he   opened   his   eyes   in   surprise  
because  he  had  never  had  to  pay  so  much  money  before.  
 
C. Combine  the  following  sentences  using  WHERE  or  WHEN:  
1. Here  is  the  shop.  I  bought  my  new  camera  form  this  shop.  
…………………………………………………………………………………….  .  
2. We   will   spend   our   holiday   in   the   same   village.   We   have   had   a   lot   of   joyful  
days  there  so  far.  
……………………………………………………………………………………..  .  
3. We  enjoyed  Marmaris.  We  spent  our  summer  holiday  there  this  year.  
……………………………………………………………………………………..  .  
4. The   library   is   quite   far   from   the   city   center.   I   go   and   work   there   twice   a  
month.  
………………………………………………………………………………………  .  
 
5. I’ll  never  forget  the  day.  I  met  my  wife  on  this  day.  
………………………………………………………………………………………  .  
6. I’m  looking  forward  to  the  Fifteenth  of  next  month.  I’ll  get  married  then.  
……………………………………………………………………………………….  .  
7. Do  you  know  the  restaurant?  We  will  meet  you  there  tomorrow.  
……………………………………………………………………………………….  .  
8. John  visited  me  last  Friday.  A  few  other  friends  also  called  me  up  last  Friday.  
……………………………………………………………………………………….  .  
9. Last  week  I  went  to  see  the  country  town.  I  used  to  live  in  that  town.  
#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   35  
 RELATIVE  CLAUSE   LESSON  6  

 
……………………………………………………………………………………….  
10. Abant  is  a  beautiful  place.  There  are  many  lakes  there.  
……………………………………………………………………………………….  .  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   36  
 BOTH...AND,  EITHER...OR,  
NEITHER...NOR   LESSON  7  

 
Both...and

Either...or

Neither....nor

A. Both  ....  and  

Digunakan  untuk  menyatakan  keduanya.  

  Example:  

1. I  study  English.  He  studies  English.  

=  Both  he  and  I  study  English.  
2. Luna  was  happy.  Jaka  was  happy.  
=  Both  Luna  and  Jaka  waas  happy.  
3. Ali  can  drive  a  car.  Santi  can  drive  a  car.  
=Both  Ali  and  Santi  can  drive  a  car.  
 
B. Either....or      
Is   used   in   a   sentence   in   the   affirmative   sense   when   referring   to   a   choice  
between  two  possibilities.  (  Digunakan  dalam  kalimat  positif  untuk  menyatakan  
“salah  satu  dari  dua”.    
Example:  
1. He  will  take  it.  I  will  take  it.  
=  Either  he  or  I  will  take  it.  
2. You  may  play  football.  You  may  play  badminton.  
=  you  may  play  either  football  or  badminton.  
3. We  can  either  eat  now  or  after  the  show  -­‐‑  it'ʹs  up  to  you.    
 
C. Neither  .....  nor    
Is  used  in  a  sentence  in  the  negative  sense  when  you  want  to  say  that  two  
or   more   things   are   not   true.   (Digunakan   dalam   kalimat   negative   yang  
menyatakan  bahwa  “keduanya  tidak/bukan).  
Example:  
1. My  brother  isn’t  a  doctor.  My  brother  isn’t  an  engineer.  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   37  
 BOTH...AND,  EITHER...OR,  
NEITHER...NOR   LESSON  7  

 
=  My  brother  is  neither  a  doctor  nor  an  engineer.  
 
2. I  didn’t  buy  a  book.  My  friend  didn’t  buy  a  book.  
=  Neither  my  friend  nor  I  bought  a  book.  
3. Neither  my  mother  nor  my  father  went  to  university.  

 
 
 
 
 
D. Singular  or  plural  
When  using  either/or  and  neither/nor,  note  the  following  rules:  
1. If  both  elements  are  singular,  then  the  verb  is  singular  too.  
a. Either   the   father   or   the   mother   has   to   attend   the   meeting.   (father   and  
mother  are  singular;  so  the  verb  has  is  singular  too)  
b. Neither  Leila  nor  Nancy  is  going  to  write  the  report.  (Leila  and  Nancy  are  
singular;  so  the  verb  is  is  singular  too)  
#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   38  
 BOTH...AND,  EITHER...OR,  
NEITHER...NOR   LESSON  7  

 
2. However,  if  one  of  the  elements  is  plural,  then  use  a  plural  verb.  
a. Either   Sue   or   the   girls   are   going   to   prepare   dinner   tonight.   (the   girls   is  
plural;  so  the  verb  are  is  plural  too)  
b. Neither  the  teacher  nor  the  students  were  in  the  classroom  this  morning.  
(the  students  is  plural;  so  the  verb  were  is  plural  too)  

EXERCISES:  

A. Make  sentences  BOTH  ….AND….  /  EITHER  ….OR  ….  /  NEITHER  ….  NOR  ….  :  
Examples:    
*  Tom  was  late.  So  was  Ann.  Both  Tom  and  Ann  were  late.  
*  He  didn’t  write.  He  didn’t  telephone.  He  neither  wrote  nor  telephoned.  
1. The  hotel  wasn’t  clean.  And  it  wasn’t  comfortable.  
The  hotel  was  ………………………………………………………………..  
2. It  was  a  very  boring  movie.  It  was  very  long  too.  
The  movie  was  ………………………………………………………………  
3. Is  that  man’s  name  Richard?  Or  is  it  Robert?  It’s  one  of  the  two.  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   39  
 BOTH...AND,  EITHER...OR,  
NEITHER...NOR   LESSON  7  

 
That  man’s  name  …………………………………………………………….  
4. I  don’t  have  the  time  to  take  a  vacation.  And  I  don’t  have  the  money.  
I  have  ………………………………………………………………………...  
5. We  can  leave  today  or  we  can  leave  tomorrow-­‐‑  whichever  you  prefer.  
We  ……………………………………………………………………………  
6. He  gave  up  his  job  because  he  needed  a  change.  Also  because  the  pay  was  
low.  
He  gave  up  his  job  both  ………………………………………………………  
7. Laura  doesn’t  smoke.  And  she  doesn’t  eat  meat.  
…………………………………………………………………………………  
8. The  front  of  the  house  needs  painting.  The  back  needs  painting  too.  
…………………………………………………………………………………    
 
B. Answer  the  questions.  Use  paired  conjunctions.  
Use  BOTH  …….  AND  ……  .  
1. You  have  met  his  father.  Have  you  met  his  mother?  
Yes,  I  have  met  both  his  father  and  his  mother.  
2. The  driver  was  injured  in  the  accident.  Was  the  passenger  injured  in  the  
accident?  
……………………………………………………………………………….  
3. Wheat  is  grown  in  Kansas.  Is  corn  grown  in  Kansas?  
………………………………………………………………………………  
4. He  buys  used  cars.  Does  he  sell  used  cars?  
……………………………………………………………………………….  
5. You  had  lunch  with  your  friends.  Did  you  have  dinner  with  them?  
……………………………………………………………………………….  
6. The  city  suffers  from  air  pollution.  Does  it  suffer  from  water  pollution?  
……………………………………………………………………………….  
 
C. Use  EITHER  …….  OR  ……  .  
1. John  has  your  book,  or  Mary  has  your  book.  Is  that  right?  
Yes,  either  John  or  Mary  has  my  book.  
2. You’re  going  to  give  your  friend  a  book  for  her  birthday,  or  you’re  going  to  
give  her  a  pen.  Is  that  right?  
………………………………………………………………………………….  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   40  
 BOTH...AND,  EITHER...OR,  
NEITHER...NOR   LESSON  7  

 
3. Your  sister  will  meet  you  at  the  airport,  or  your  brother  will  meet  you  there.  
Right?  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
4. They  can  go  swimming,  or  they  can  play  tennis.  Is  that  right?  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
5. You’re  going  to  vote  for  Mr.  Smith,  or  you’re  going  to  vote  for  Mr.  Jones.  
Right?  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
6. You’ll  go  to  New  Orleans  for  your  vacation,  or  you’ll  go  to  Miami.  Right?  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
D. Use  NEITHER  …….  NOR  ……  .  
1. He  doesn’t  like  coffee.  Does  he  like  tea?  
No,  he  likes  neither  coffee  nor  tea.  
2. Her  husband  doesn’t  speak  English.  Do  her  children  speak  English?  
…………………………………………………………………………………..  
3. The  students  aren’t  wide  awake  today.  Is  the  reacher  wide  awake  today?  
…………………………………………………………………………………..  
4. They  don’t  have  a  refrigerator  for  their  new  apartment.  Do  they  have  a  stove?  
…………………………………………………………………………………..  
5. She  doesn’t  enjoy  hunting.  Does  she  enjoy  fishing?  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
6. The  result  wasn’t  good.  Was  the  result  bad?  
………………………………………………………………………………….  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   41  
 PASSIVE  VOICE   LESSON  8  

 
 

Source:  [Link]  

Active  Sentences  and  Passive  Sentences  

a. Active:  The  mouse  ate  the  cheese   a  and  b  have  the  same  meaning  
b. Passive:  The  cheese  was  eaten  by  the  mouse  
Active:    S                                                                                                                            O   In  (c):  The  object  in  an  active  sentence  
c.                Tom                                        mailed                            the  package.   becomes  the  subject  in  a  passive  
  sentence.  
Passive:                    S                                                                                            by  +  O   In  (d):  The  subject  in  an  active  sentence  
is  the  object  of  by  in  the  by  phrase  in  a  
d.              The  package          was  mailed                    by  Tom.  
passive  sentence.  
 

Passive  voice:  

1. Subjek  jadi  objek,  objek  jadi  by  subjek.  

Subject     Object    
I   Me  
You   You  
They   Them  
We   Us  
He   Him  
She   Her  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   42  
 PASSIVE  VOICE   LESSON  8  

 
It   It  
 
2. Semua  VERB  diganti  jadi  BE  +  VERB  III.  

When  we  do  use  passive  voice?  

1. When  we  want  to  give  more  importance  to  the  object  rather  than  the  subject.  

2. When  time  is  not  important.  

3. When  the  subject  is  not  important  or  we  don’t  know  it.  

4. When  we  describe  scientific  processes.  

TENSES   ACTIVE   PASSIVE  

A. 1.  Simple  present   V-­‐‑I(s/es)   am,  is,  are  +  V-­‐‑III  
2.  Present  progressive   am,  is,  are  +  V-­‐‑ing   am,  is,  are  +  being  +  V-­‐‑III  
3.  Simple  past   V-­‐‑II   was,  were  +  V-­‐‑III  
4.  Past  progressive   Was,  were  +  V-­‐‑ing   was,  were  +  being  +  V-­‐‑III  
5.  Present  perfect   V-­‐‑III   has  been,  have  been  +  V-­‐‑III  
6.  Simple  future   Will  +  V-­‐‑I   will  be  +  V-­‐‑III  
  Be  going  to  +  V-­‐‑I   be  going  to  +  be  +  V-­‐‑III  
7.  Modal      
         Can/could      
         May/might      
         Will/would      
         Should   V-­‐‑I   be  +  V-­‐‑III  
         Must  
         Have/has  to  
         Had  better  
         Ought  to  
B. 1.  Simple  present   I  drive  a  car   A  car  is  driven  (by  me)  
2.  Present  progressive   I  am  driving  a  car   A  car  is  being  driven  (by  me)  
3.  Simple  past   I  drove  a  car   A  car  was  driven  (by  me)  
4.  Past  progressive   I  was  driving  a  car   A  car  was  being  driven  (by  me)  
5.  Present  perfect   I  have  been  driven  a  car   A  car  has  been  driven  (by  me)  
6.  Simple  future   I  will  drive  a  car   A  car  will  be  driven  (by  me)  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   43  
 PASSIVE  VOICE   LESSON  8  

 
  I  am  going  to  drive  a  car   A  car  is  going  to  be  driven  (by  me)  
7.  Modal      
         Can/could   I  can  drive  a  car   A  car  can  be  driven  (by  me)  
         May/might   I  may  drive  a  car     A  car  may  be  driven  (by  me)  
         Will/would   I  would  drive  a  car   A  car  would  be  driven  (by  me)  
         Should   I  should  drive  a  car   A  car  should  be  driven  (by  me)  
         Must   I  must  drive  a  car   A  car  must  be  driven  (by  me)  
         Have/has  to   I  have  to  drive  a  car   A  car  has  to  be  driven  (by  me)  
         Had  better   I  had  better  drive  a  car   A  car  had  better  be  driven  (by  me)  
         Ought  to   I  ought  to  drive  a  car   A  car  ought  to  be  driven  (by  me)  
 

Source:  [Link]  

 
#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   44  
 PASSIVE  VOICE   LESSON  8  

 
 

EXERCISES:    

A. Turn  form  ACTIVE  into  PASSIVE  as  in  the  example:  

1. He  gave  me  a  present.  
a. I  was  given  a  present.  
b. A  present  was  given  to  me.  
2. The  waiter  will  bring  us  the  bill.  
a. …………………………………………………………  
b. …………………………………………………………  
3. The  Queen  presented  him  with  a  medal.  
a.  …………………………………………………………  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   45  
 PASSIVE  VOICE   LESSON  8  

 
b. …………………………………………………………  
4. Her  mother  bought  Mary  some  sweets.  
a. …………………………………………………………  
b. …………………………………………………………  
5. Bob  has  sold  Ted  a  second-­‐‑hand  car.  
a. …………………………………………………………  
b. …………………………………………………………  
6. Larry  is  going  to  send  a  letter  to  Tom.  
a. …………………………………………………………  
b. …………………………………………………………  
B. Rewrite  the  following  passage  in  the  PASSIVE:  
Some   peoplem   saw   a   UFO   in   the   sky   above   London   last   night.   They  
reported  it  to  the  police.  The  army  sent  a  helicopter  to  look  at  it  more  closely.  The  
UFO   shot   the   helicopter   down   and   killed   both   men   in   it.   People   have   given  
photographs  of  the  UFO  to  the  police.  Experts  are  looking  ar  them  now.  
....................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................    
   
C. Rewrite  the  following  passage  in  the  PASSIVE:  
Somebody   has   stolen   a   bus   from   outside   the   school.   Some   children   saw  
the  thief.  The  police  are  searching  for  the  bus  now.  They  will  use  the  children’s  
descriptions  to  catch  the  thief.  
....................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................  
 
D. Complete  the  sentences  using  PASSIVE  FORMS:  
1. The  classroom  ……………………………………………………….  an  hour  ago.  
2. The  blackboard  ………………………………………………………….  now.  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   46  
 PASSIVE  VOICE   LESSON  8  

 
3. English  ……………………………………………………………….  in  the  world.  
4. This  unit  ………………………………………………………………  next  week.  
5. No  letters  …………………………………….  since  ………………………………  
6. His  bike  ……………………………………………………………….  last  week.  
7. My  car  ………………………………………………………………………..  now.  
8. After  the  meal  ……………………………….  ,……………………………………  
9. She  is  believed  ………………………………………………………………………  
10. He  is  said  ……………………………………………………………………………  
 
 

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   47  
 CAUSATIVE  VERB   LESSON  9  

 
 

Causative  verb  digunakan  untuk  menunjukkan  suatu  maksud,  yang  mana  orang  
pertama  menyebabkan  orang  yang  kedua  melakukan  atau  bertindak  untuk  orang  yang  
pertama.  

Jenis  causative  verbs:  

a. Causative  have   :  menyuruh  

b. Causative  make   :  menyuruh  
c. Causative  let     :  memperbolehkan  
d. Causative  help   :  membantu  
e. Causative  get   :  menyuruh  
 
A. Causative  have  
Causative  ini  dapat  digunakan  dalam  dua  bentuk,  yaitu  aktif  dan  pasif.  
Kausatif  have  yang  bermakna  aktif:  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   48  
 
 CAUSATIVE  VERB   LESSON  9  

Subject  +  have/has  +  Object  +  Verb  I  (tanpa  to)  

Example:    
1. The  teacher  has  Adam  do  her  homework.  
2. Reko  had  his  sister  write  a  letter.  
3. They  have  their  students  bring  the  books.  

Kausatif  have  yang  bermakna  pasif:  

Subject  +  have/has  +  Object  +  Verb  III  

Example:  

1. Arif  has  his  room  cleaned.  

2. Viona  has  her  book  returned  
 
 
B. Causative  get  
Kausatif  get  yang  bermakna  aktif:  

Subject  +  get  +  Object  +  to  +  Verb  I  

Example:  
1. He  gets  his  sister  to  study  carefully.  
2. Father  got  me  to  wash  the  car.  
3. I  will  get  the  boy  to  write  you  a  letter.  

Kausatif  get  yang  bermakna  pasif:  

Example:  

1. Father  got  his  car  washed.  

2. Mr.  Endang  got  his  wall  painted.  
3. I  get  my  hair  cut  today.  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   49  
 
 CAUSATIVE  VERB   LESSON  9  

 
 
C. Causative  make  
Kausatif  ini  hanya  dapat  digunakan  dalam  bentuk  aktif  saja.  

Subject  +  make  +  Object  +  Verb  I  

 
Example:  
1. His  smile  makes  her  cry.  
2. The  boy  made  his  girlfriend  take  the  bag.  
3. What  make  you  do  that?  
 
D. Causative  let  and  help.  
Kata   let   dan   help   sebenarnya   bukan   kausatif,   akan   tetapi   sering   dimasukkan  
dalam  daftar  kausatif.    

Subject  +  let/help  +  Object  +  Verb  I  

Example:  
1. She  let  me  read  the  novel  
2. The  teacher  let  the  students  watch  the  game.  
3. We  are  going  to  let  her  write  the  letter.  
4. Engkus  let  his  daughter  swim  with  her  friends.  
5. Susan  helped  me  do  all  my  works.  

 
#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   50  
 
 CAUSATIVE  VERB   LESSON  9  

 
 

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   51  
 
 CAUSATIVE  VERB   LESSON  9  

 
 

EXERCISES:  
 
A. COMPLETE  THE  SENTENCES  WITH  THE  WORDS  IN  PARENTHESES:  
1. The  doctor  made  the  patient  ……..  stay  ……..  in  bed.  (stay)  
2. Mrs.  Crane  had  her  house  ………  painted  ………..  .  (paint)  
3. The  teacher  had  the  class………………….  a  2000-­‐‑word  research  paper.  (write)  
4. I  made  my  son  ………………………….  the  windows  before  he  could  go  
outside  to  play.  (wash)  
5. Don  got  some  kids  in  the  neighborhood  ……………………………  out  his  
garage.  (clean)  
6. I  went  to  the  bank  to  have  a  check  ………………………………..  .  (cash)  
7. Tom  had  a  bad  headache  yesterday,  so  he  got  his  twin  brother  Tim  
…………………to  class  for  him.  The  teacher  didn’t  know  the  difference.  (go)  
8. When  Scott  went  shopping,  he  found  a  jacket  he  really  liked.  After  he  had  the  
sleeves  …………………………,  it  fit  him  perfectly.  (shorten)  
9. My  boss  made  me  ……………………….  my  report  because  he  wasn’t  satisfied  
with  it.  (redo)  
10. Alice  stopped  at  the  service  station  to  have  the  tank  …………………….  .  (fill)  
11. I  got  Mary  ……………………….  me  some  money  so  I  could  go  to  a  movie  last  
night.  (lend)  
12. Mr.  Fields  went  to  a  doctor  to  have  the  wart  on  his  nose  …………  .  (remove)  
13. Peeling  onions  always  makes  me  …………………………  .  (cry)  
14. Tom  Sawyer  was  supposed  to  paint  the  fence,  but  he  didn’t  want  to  do  it.  He  
was  a  very  clever  boy.  Somehow  he  got  his  friends  ………………………..  it  for  
him.  (do)  
15. We  had  a  professional  photographer  …………………………  pictures  of  
everyone  who  participated  in  our  wedding.  (take)  
16. I  spilled  some  tomato  sauce  on  my  suit  coat.  Now  I  need  to  get  my  suit  
…………………  .  (clean)  
 
B. CIRCLE  THE  CORRECT  ONE:  
1. She  has  to  get  her  hair  ………………………………  .  
a) to  do            b)  do              c)  done              d)  did  
2. Our  teacher  is  going  to  make  us  ……………………………  a  tape.  
#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   52  
 
 CAUSATIVE  VERB   LESSON  9  

 
a) listen  to                b)  listened  to            c)  to  listen  to            d)  listen  
 
3. They  had  to  have  him  ……………………..  their  summer  house.  
a) painted            b)  paint              c)  to  paint                d)  painting  
4. Do  you  know  where  I  can  get  my  car  ……………………………..  ?  
a) washed                  b)  to  wash                c)  wash            d)  washes  
5. The  comedian  was  not  able  to  make  us  …………………………….  .  
a) laughing              b)  to  laugh              c)  laugh            d)  laughed  
6. You  can’t  get  that  man  …………………….  your  radio.  
a) fix              b)  to  fix          c)  fixed            d)  fixing  
7. I  can  never  make  her  ………………………her  mind.  
a) change              b)  to  change            c)  changed            d)  changing  
8. We  had  two  pictures  …………………………  .  
a) take          b)  taken          c)  to  take            d)  took  
9. When  are  you  going  to  have  your  father  ……………………  a  book?  
a) bought            b)  to  buy            c)  buy                d)  buying  
10. Please  have  the  maid  ………………………  my  room.  
a) clean          b)  cleaned          c)  to  clean          d)  cleaning  
11. I  know  he  stole  the  money.  We’ll  get  him  ……………………….  .  
a) talk        b)  talking          c)  talked          d)  to  talk  
12. We  had  to  hire  a  few  men  to  get  the  trees  …………………………  .  
a)  cut  down        b)  to  cut  down        c)  cutting  down        d)  cutted  down  
 

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   53  
 
 LESSON  
ELLIPTICAL  SENTENCES   10  

 
Elliptical  contains  of:  
1. So,  too  
2. Neither,  either  
Definition:  
Two   sentences   that   have   the   same   predicate,   then   they   are   combined   into   one,   by  
omitting  the  second  predicate.  
Function   :  
a. Express  similarities    
b. Avoid  repetition  of  the  sentences  
 
1. So  and  too  dalam  kalimat  positif.  

So:
Affirmative statement and so + be/modal/auxiliary + subject

Dan Peter

Dan caught a cold.

Peter caught a cold.
§ Dan caught a cold, and so did Peter.
 
 
 
 

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   54  
 LESSON  
ELLIPTICAL  SENTENCES   10  

 
 
Example:  
a. I  am  busy.  He  is  busy  
I  am  busy,  and  so  is  he  
b. Indah  likes  swimming.  Deva  likes  swimming  
Indah  likes  swimming,  and  so  does  Deva.  

Positive Statement
Too:
Affirmative statement and subject + be/modal/auxiliary + too

Andy

Ken
Andy plays basketball well.
Ken plays basketball well.
Andy plays basketball well, and Ken does too.
 
  Example:    
a. Fadli  has  bought  a  book.  Bowo  has  bought  a  book.  
Fadli  has  bought  a  book,  and  Bowo  has  too.  
b. Marco  has  a  mustache.  James  has  a  mustache.  
Marco  has  a  mustache,  and  James  does  too.  
 
 
 
#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   55  
 LESSON  
ELLIPTICAL  SENTENCES   10  

 
 
2. Neither  and  Either  dalam  kalimat  negatif.  

Negative Statement:
Either
negative statement and subject + be/modal/auxiliary + not + either

Smoking is not good to health.

Fast food is not good to health.
§ Smoking is not good to health, and fast food is not either.

 
Example:  
a. I  don’t  like  smoking.  He  doesn’t  like  smoking.  
I  don’t  like  smoking,  and  he  doesn’t  either.  
b. Ivan  didn’t  go  to  book  store  yesterday.  Revo  didn’t  go  to  book  
store  yesterday.  
Ivan  didn’t  go  to  book  store  yesterday,  and  Revo  didn’t  either.  
c. Nia  won’t  eat  noodles.  Rojai  won’t  eat  noodles.  
Nia  won’t  eat  noodles,  and  Rojai  won’t  either.  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   56  
 LESSON  
ELLIPTICAL  SENTENCES   10  

Neither:
negative statement and neither + be/modal/auxiliary + subject

Furry
Bob

Furry can’t use the computer.

Bob can’t use the computer.
§ Furry can’t use the computer, and neither can Bob.

  Example:  

a. Yudha  won’t  play  tennis.  Hendri  won’t  play  tennis.  

Yudha  won’t  play  tennis,  and  neither  will  Hendri.  

b. Sally  wasn’t  born  in  Jakarta.  Susan  wasn’t  born  in  Jakarta.  

Sally  wasn’t  born  in  Jakarta,  and  neither  was  Susan.  

c. They  have  not  learnt  French.  We  have  not  learnt  French.  

They  have  not  leart  French,  and  neither  have  we.  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   57  
 LESSON  
ELLIPTICAL  SENTENCES   10  

 
EXERCISES:

A.  Directions:  Choose  "ʺso"ʺ  or  "ʺtoo"ʺ  for  each  sentence  and  the  correct  helping  or  modal  
verb  for  each  sentence.    

1. I like to watch the news in the evening, and __________ __________ my friends.

2. Veronica went to the University of Illinois, and John __________ __________.

3. He's a student, and _________ __________ you.

4. My kids are tired, and I __________ __________.

5. The train is going to be late, and __________ __________ the bus.

6. Our teacher is interesting, and yours __________ __________.

7. This coat was made in India, and __________ __________ hers.

8. They have been to New York, and we __________ __________.

9. I'll try to help you, and __________ ___________ they.

10. He should start looking for a new job, and __________ __________ they.

B. Directions: Choose "either" or "neither" for each sentence and the correct helping or
modal verb for each sentence.

1. My neighbors don't like the noise from the traffic, and I __________ __________.

2. He isn't interested in moving to another state, and __________ __________ she.

3. Ali can't swim, and __________ __________ his friend, Richard.

4. I don't want these old clothes, and they__________ __________.

5. She hasn't seen that movie, and __________ __________ he.

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   58  
 LESSON  
ELLIPTICAL  SENTENCES   10  

 
6. You shouldn't overeat, and your kids ___________ __________.

7. Denise didn't come to class yesterday, and George __________ __________.

8. My dog won't go into the water, and __________ ____________ my cat.

9. You're not hungry, and __________ __________ I.

10. He hasn't had any problems with his Toyota, and his sister __________ __________.

   

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   59  
 CONDITIONAL  SENTENCE   LESSON  
TYPE  I  AND  II   11  

 
 

Conditional  Sentence  
Conditional   Sentences   adalah   kalimat   pengandaian   yang   menggambarkan  

suatu  kondisi  yang  bisa  saja  terjadi  bila  syaratnya  terpenuhi.    

1. Type  1  (Future  Conditional  Sentence)  

Rumus  :  If  simple  present,  future.  

Real  Fact  (mean)  nya  adalah  dalam  bentuk  Simple  Present  (May,  Possible).  Dapat  

terjadi  apabila  syarat-­‐‑syaratnya  terpenuhi.  Contoh:    

a. If  you  study  hard,  you  will  pass  the  exam.  

Mean  :  it’s  possible  you  pass  the  exam  because  you  study  hard.    

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   60  
 CONDITIONAL  SENTENCE   LESSON  
TYPE  I  AND  II   11  

 
b. If  she  doesn’t  come  to  my  home,  I  will  do  my  homework.  

Mean   :   it’s   possible   I   do   my   homework   because   she   doesn’t   come   to   my  

home.  

2.  Type  2  (  Present  Conditional  Sentence)  

Kalimat   ini   mengandaikan   suatu   kegiatan   yang   diharapkan   sekarang,  

tetapi  tidak  mungkin  terjadi.  

Rumus  :  If  simple  past,  past  future.  

Real   Fact   (meaning):   dalam   bentuk   Simple   Present   dan   kalau   conditional  

sentencenya   dalam   bentuk   positive   maka   meaningnya   dalam   bentuk   negatif.  

Contoh:    

a. If  I  were  a  president,  I  would  buy  an  island.  

Meaning:  I  am  not  a  president,  I  don’t  buy  an  island  

b. If  you  stopped  smoking,  you’d  be  healthier.  

Meaning:  you  don’t  stop  smoking,  you’re  not  feeling  well.  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   61  
 CONDITIONAL  SENTENCE   LESSON  
TYPE  I  AND  II   11  

 
  IF  CLAUSE   ,   RESULT   MEANING  
CLAUSE  

TYPE  1   SIMPLE   ,     FUTURE   Real  in  the  present  

PRESENT   or  future  
(  s  +  modals  +  
(  s  +  v1  )   v1)  

(  s  +  to  be  +n/adj  )  

TYPE  2   SIMPLE  PAST   ,     PAST  FUTURE   Unreal  in  the  

present  or  future  
(  s  +  v2  )   (  s  +  past  
modals  +  v1)  
(  s  +  to  be  +  n/adj  )  

EXERCISES:  

A. Conditional  Sentence  Type  I  

Complete  the  Conditional  Sentences  Type  I.  

• If  you  (wash)   the  dishes,  I  (cook)   dinner  tonight.    

• If  my  dad  (have)   time  next  week,  we  (paint)   my  room.    
• You  (learn)   a  lot  about  American  history  if  you  (visit)   the  
exhibition.    
• If  the  weather  (be  /  not)   too  bad  tomorrow,  we  (play)   golf.    
• We  (get  /  not)   there  on  time  if  we  (catch  /  not)   the  bus.    

B. Conditional  Sentence  Type  II  

Complete  the  Conditional  Sentences  Type  II.  

• If  I  (have)   more  time,  I  (learn)   to  play  the  guitar.    

• If  she  (study)   harder,  she  (get)   better  marks.    

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   62  
 CONDITIONAL  SENTENCE   LESSON  
TYPE  I  AND  II   11  

 
• If  we  (know)   more  about  history,  we  (be  /  not)   afraid  of  the  
test.    
• I  (go)   jogging  with  Tom  and  Sue  if  they  (be)   here  this  week.    
• It  (surprise)   me  if  she  (help  /  not)   you.    

C. Conditional  Sentence  Type  I  or  II  

Complete  the  sentences  with  the  correct  form  (Type  I  or  II).    

• If  you  need  the  car  in  the  afternoon,  I  (go)  ..........  shopping  in  the  morning.    
• If  I  (wear)  ............  a  hat,  I  would  look  like  an  old  woman.    
• I'ʹll  buy  this  bag  if  they  (have)  ..........  it  in  blue.    
• She  wouldn'ʹt  pay  cash  if  she  (bring)  ............    a  credit  card.    
• If  I  didn'ʹt  have  you,  I  (not,  know)  ..........  what  to  do.    

D. Complete  the  following  sentences:  

1. If  you  write  me  from  England,  ………………………………………………....  
2. She  can  learn  English  if  ………………………………………………………….  
3. We  can  catch  the  bus  if  …………………………………………………………..  
4. If  it  doesn’t  rain  this  afternoon,………………………………………………….  
5. His  family  will  be  hungry  if  ………………………………………………….....  
6. Your  room  will  become  untidy  if  ……………………………………………....  
7. A  baby  cries  if  ……………………………………………………………………  
8. If  my  girlfriend  comes  early,  …………………………………………………...  
9. If  he  doesn’t  smoke,  ……………………………………………………………..  
10. You  can’t  sleep  well  if  …………………………………………………………...  
 
E. Complete  the  following  sentences  in  column  A  using  the  correct  choice  from  
column  B.  
A               B  
1. Everyone  on  board  the  plane  would  have   a)  If  I  had  not  been  to  a  doctor.  
died     b)  if  you  had  taken  him  to  the  fun-­‐‑fair.  
2. If  the  officials  hadn’t  stopped  the  poor  man,     c)  if  the  plane  had  crashed.  
3. If  the  climbers  had  found  an  easy  way,     d)  could  have  bought  some  expensive  
4. I  would  be  in  a  hospital  now     clothes.  
5. We  would  have  got  wet     e)  so  many  people  wouldn’t  have  been  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   63  
 CONDITIONAL  SENTENCE   LESSON  
TYPE  I  AND  II   11  

 
6. If  he  had  had  enough  time  last  summer,   killed.  
7. I  might  have  come  to  your  help     f)  he  could  have  built  his  small  house  in  
8. If  the  driver  had  not  slept,     two  days.  
9. The  young  boy  would  have  been  very   g)  if  we  hadn’t  taken  our  umbrellas.  
happy     h)  they  could  have  reached  the  top  easily.  
10. If  her  father  had  been  rich,     i)  he  would  have  gone  on  a  holiday.  
j)  if  I  had  had  time  last  Sunday  
 

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   64  
 LESSON  
GERUND  AND  INFINITIVE   12  

 
 

Gerund adalah salah satu bentuk verb yang berakhiran –ing, yang biasa disebut juga dengan
verb –ing dan berfungsi sebagai noun. Beberapa contoh Gerund misalnya: Drinking, Singing,
Traveling, Studying, Walking dan masih banyak yang lainnya. Kita bisa merubah
semua action verb menjadi bentuk –ing atau Gerund ini.

Tips Dalam Membentuk Sebuah Gerund (Verb + -ing)

Pada umumnya untuk membentuk sebuah verb menjadi Gerund kita hanya perlu menempelkan
akhiran –ing pada kata kerja tersebut, seperti “Play” yang berubah menjadi “Playing”. Namun
untuk beberapa kata tertentu, kita perlu melakukan sedikit penyesuaian, seperti misalnya:

[Link] verb yang berakhiran huruf “e”, hilangkan huruf “e” tersebut dan tambahkan akhiran –
ing. Contohnya: Ride menjadi Riding.

[Link] verb yang berakhiran huruf “ie”, ganti huruf “ie” tersebut dengan huruf “y” kemudian
tambahkan akhiran –ing. Contohnya: Die menjadi Dying.

Infinitive adalah bentuk verbal yang bisa berfungsi sebagai noun dalam kalimat. Pola dari
Infinitive adalah “to + base verb”. Beberapa contoh Infinitive misalnya: to drink, to sing, to
travel, to study, to walk dan masih banyak contoh lainnya.

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   65  
 LESSON  
GERUND  AND  INFINITIVE   12  

 
Keduanya memang berasal dari verb namun di dalam kalimat mereka akan berfungsi layaknya
sebuah noun, bisa menempati posisi subject maupun object namun tidak pernah bisa menempati
posisi main verb, contohnya: “I singing” atau “I to walk” , kedua contoh itu tidak benar karena
bentuk Gerund dan Infinitive dalam contoh tersebut diletakkan di posisi main verb. Berikut ini
adalah contoh penggunaan Gerund dan Infinitive yang benar.

Traveling is good for our body. – Gerund di posisi Subject.

(Bepergian itu baik untuk tubuh kita.)

I like singing. – Gerund di posisi Object.

(Saya suka menyanyi.)

I want to drink a glass of milk. – Infinitive di posisi Object.

(Saya ingin minum segelas susu.)

VERB  +  GERUND  
                           Verb        gerund   A  gerund  is  the-­‐‑ing  form  of  a  verb.  It  
a. I  enjoy  walking  on  the  sand.   is  used  as  a  noun.      
In  (a):  walking  is  a  gerund.  It  is  used  
as  the  object  of  the  verb  enjoy.  
Common  verbs  followed  by  gerunds   The  verbs  in  the  list  are  followed  by  
Enjoy                      b.  I  enjoy  riding  my  bicycle   gerunds.  
Finish                    c.  Tom  finished  studying  at  dawn.   The  verbs  in  the  list  are  not  followed  
Stop                          d.  It  stops  raining  now   by  to  +  V-­‐‑I  (Infinitive)  
Quit                          e.  Boni  quit  smoking  
Mind                      f.  Would  you  mind  opening  the  door?  
Postpone        g.  I  postponed  doing  my  work.  
Put  off                  h.  I  put  off  doing  my  homework.  
Keep  (on)        i.  Keep  (on)  running.  Don’t  stop!  
Consider          j.  I’m  considering  going  to  Bali.  
Think  about  k.  I’m  thinking  about  living  in  Java.  
Discuss                l.  We  discuss  buying  a  new  car.  
#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   66  
 LESSON  
GERUND  AND  INFINITIVE   12  

 
Talk  about    m.  We  talk  about  buying  a  new  car.  
n.  I  concidered  not  going  to  class.   Negative  form:  not  +  gerund  
 

GO  +  ING  
a. Did  you  go  fishing  yesterday?   Go  is  followed  by  a  gerund  in  certain  
b. I  go  shopping  today.   idiomatic  expressions  about  activities.  
c. Mirna  hasn’t  gone  hiking  in  years.   There  is  no  to  between  go  and  the  
gerund.  
Incorrect:  Did  you  go  to  fishing?  
Common  expressions  with  go  +  -­‐‑ing  
Go  boating   Go  fishing   Go  jogging   Go  running   Go  swimming  
Go  bowling   Go  hiking   Go  sailing   Go  sightseeing   Go  (water)  skiing  
 
Go  camping   Go  dancing   Go  shopping   Go  skydiving   Go  (ice)  skating  
 

VERB  +  INFINITIVE  
a. I  offer  to  lend  him  some  money.   An  infinitive  =  to  +  V-­‐‑I  
b. I’ve  dicided  to  buy  a  new  car.  
c. I’ve  decided  not  to  keep  my  old  car.   Negative  form:  not  +  infinitive  
Common  verbs  followed  by  infinitives  
Want   Hope   Decide   Seem     Learn  (how)  
Need   Expect   Promise   Appear   Try  
Would  like   Plan   Offer   Pretend   (can’t)  afford  
Would  love   Intend   Agree   Forget   (can’t)  wait    
 
Mean     Refuse      
 

VERB+  GERUND  OR  INFINITIVE  

a. It  began  raining.   Some  verbs  are  followed  by  either  a  
b. It  began  to  rain.   gerund  or  an  infinitive.  
(a) and  (b)  have  the  same  meaning.  
Common  verbs  followed  by  either  a  gerund  or  an  infinitive  
Begin   Like   Hate  
Start   Love   Can’t  stand  
 
Continue      

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   67  
 LESSON  
GERUND  AND  INFINITIVE   12  

 
   

PREPOSITION  +  GERUND  
a. I  am  interested  in  dancing  with  you.   A  preposition  is  followed  by  a  
b. I  apologized  for  being  late.   gerund,  not  an  infinitive.  
Commom  expressions  with  prepositions  followed  by  gerund  
Be  afraid  of  (doing  something)   Forgive  (someone)  for   Plan  on  
Apologize  for   Be  good  at   Be  responsible  for  
Believe  in   Insist  on   Stop  (someone)  from  
Dream  about   Be  intersted  in   Thank  (someone)  for  
Be  excited  about   Look  forward  to   Be  tired  of  
 
Feel  like   Be  nerveous  about   Worry  about/be  worried  about  
 

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   68  
 LESSON  
GERUND  AND  INFINITIVE   12  

 
EXERCISES:  

A. Use  the  GERUND  to  connect  the  following:  

1. Peter’s  sometimes  late.  He  can’t  help  it.  
…………Peter  can’t  help  being  late.  …………………………………………..  
2. Gordon  has  to  get  up  early.  He  dislikes  it.  
…………………………………………………………………………………..  
3. Paul  asked  Mary  to  come  home.  He  remembers  it.  
…………………………………………………………………………………..  
4. Jill  occasionally  speaks  Spanish.  She  can’t  avoid  it.  
…………………………………………………………………………………..  
5. Jim  didn’t  take  his  holiday  until  June.  He  delayed  it.  
…………………………………………………………………………………..  
6. Jim  was  speaking  French  when  Bob  came  in.  He  stopped.  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
7. Jim  wanted  to  see  the  race.  He  didn’t  want  to  miss  it.  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
8. You  may  have  an  accident  if  you  drive  that  car.  You  risk  it.  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
9. I  wouldn’t  like  to  work  in  an  office.  I  don’t  fancy  it.  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
10. I  spent  all  my  money.  I  regret  it,  because  I’ve  got  none  left  now.  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
11. Henry  has  his  lunch  very  late.  He  is  used  to  it.  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
12. John  saw  the  girl.  He  denies  it.  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
 
B. Complete  the  sentences  using  the  GERUND  (after  prepositions):  
1. David  is  studying.  He’s  bored.  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
2. Gordon  likes  to  watch  football.  He’s  keen.  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
3. Peter  wants  to  learn  English.  He’s  interested.  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   69  
 LESSON  
GERUND  AND  INFINITIVE   12  

 
4. Sheila  keeps  her  own  room  tidy.  She’s  responsible.  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
5. Sally  will  visit  her  aunt.  She’s  excited.  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
6. Swan  will  meet  Gordon.  She  is  looking  forward.  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
7. Paul  doesn’t  want  to  be  misunderstood.  He’s  afraid.  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
8. Jane  has  to  do  the  housework  by  herself.  She’s  tired.  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
9. John  has  to  get  up  early.  He  is  used.  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
10. Tom  passed  all  his  exams.  He  succeeded.  
………………………………………………………………………………….  
 
C. Supply  the  appropriate  form  of  the  verbs:  
1. She  never  admits  ……………………..  (make)  mistakes.  
2. Please  avoid  ………………….  (be)  alone  with  him.  
3. When  you  finish  …………………..  (do)  your  homework,  call  me.  
4. She’s  considering  ……………………  (be)  a  member  of  T.E.D.  Club.  
5. On  Sundays  I  always  practise  ……………………  (talk)  English  with  my  aunt.  
6. Do  you  fancy  ……………………..  (play)  tennis  this  afternoon?  
7. I  dislike  ……………………….  (study)  history.  
8. Please  try  to  escape  ……………………..  (make)  him  angry.  
9. I  enjoy  …………………..  (walk)  in  the  rain.  
10. She  can’t  afford  ……………………..  (buy)  a  car.  
11. I  decided  ……………………..  (go)  on  Saturday.  
12. Don’t  forget  ………………………  (tell)  him  the  news.  
13. They  managed  …………………………  (pass)  their  exams.  
14. He  refused  ………………………  (see)  me  again.  
15. Remember  ……………………….  (post)  the  letters.  
16. She  seems  ………………………  (be)  happy.  
17. He  waited  ……………………….  (get)  his  salary.  
18. He’ll  hire  a  man  ………………………  (kill)  them.  
19. He  advised  ……………………….  (study)  hard.  
#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   70  
 LESSON  
GERUND  AND  INFINITIVE   12  

 
20. I’m  sorry  for  ………………………..  (keep)  you  late.  
21. I’m  interested  in  ………………………  (play)  tennis.  
22. Instead  of  ………………………  (study)  Alice  watched  TV.  
23. He  apologized  for  ……………………  (come)  late.  
24. He  succeeded  in  ………………………  (pass)  his  exam.  
25. I’m  looking  forward  to  ………………………….  (go)  to  London.  
26. We’re  thinking  of  …………………………  (travel)  by  train.  
27. Do  you  feel  like  ……………………….  (go)  for  a  swim?  
28. Do  you  have  any  good  reason  for  …………………………….  (not  /  call)  me?  
29. Thank  you  for  ……………………..  (help)  me  carry  the  goods.  
30. The  little  boy’s  mother  warned  him  ………………..  (not  /  eat)  so  many  apples.  
31. They  reminded  me  ……………………..  (do)  my  assignment.  
32. The  children  are  excited  about  ………………………  (go)  to  the  movies.  
33. She  always  puts  off  ……………………….  (do)  the  laundry.  
34. Bob  refused  ……………………….  (talk)  about  his  problems.  
35. Cindy  told  him  …………………………..  (not  /  wait)  for  her.  
36. He  suggested  ………………………  (go)  home  when  he  got  sick.  
37. Who  is  responsible  for  ……………………  (tidy)  the  room?  
38. Henry  is  quite  good  at  …………………………………  (make  up)  stories.  
39. We’re  planning  on  ……………………………….  (go  /  swim)  this  weekend.  
40. I  couldn’t  persuade  him  …………………………..  (come)  with  me.  
41. Can  you  touch  your  toes  without  …………………………  (bend)  your  knees?  
42. I  can’t  help  …………………………  (look)  at  her.  
43. Do  you  have  any  difficulty  in  ………………………..  (speak)  English?  
44. Please  remind  me  ………………………  (take)  my  photo.  
45. I  persuaded  my  mother  ………………………  (give)  me  permission  to  go  out.  
46. He  will  arrange  ………………………..  (meet)  me  at  the  airport.  
47. He  waited  ……………………….  (get)  his  salary.  
48. I  regret  ……………………….  (say)  you  that  he  is  ill.  
49. Jim  can’t  stand  ………………………  (be)  interrupted.  
50. When  Sam  got  tired,  he  stopped  ………………………..  (work).  
51. I  remember  ……………………….  (play)  with  dolls  when  I  was  a  child.  
52. I  regret  ………………………  (not  /  listen)  to  my  father’s  advice.  He  was  right.  
53. The  thief  was  accused  of  ……………………….  (steal)  a  woman  purse.  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   71  
 LESSON  
SPEAKING   13  

Daily  Schedule  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Read  the  dialogue  below    
 
Lina   :     So,  what's  your  usual  day  like?  You  always  seem  so  busy.  
Yoga   :   Well,  I  usually  get  up  around  5:00  a.m.  and  work  on  the  computer  until  6:00  
a.m.  
Lina   :   Why  do  you  get  up  so  early?  
Yoga   :   Well,   I   have   to   leave   home   at   twenty   to   seven   (6:40   a.m.)   so   I   can  catch  a   bus  
at   7:00   o'clock.   It   takes   me   about   twenty   minutes   to   walk   to   the   bus   stop  
from  my  house.  
Lina   :   And  what  time  do  you  get  to  work?  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   72  
 LESSON  
SPEAKING   13  

 
Yoga   :   Uh,  my  bus  takes  about  an  hour  to  get  there,  but  it  stops  right  in  front  of  my  
office.  
Lina   :   That's  nice.  And  what  time  do  you  get  off  work?  
Yoga   :   Uh,  around  5:00  o'clock.  Then,  we  eat  dinner  around  6:30,  and  my  wife  and  I  
read  and  play  with  the  kids  until  8:00  or  so.  
Lina   :   So,  when  do  you  work  on  your  website?  You  said  one  time  that  you  create  it  
at  home?  
Yoga   :   Well,   my   wife   and   I   often   watch   TV   or   talk   until   10:00   o'clock.   She   then   often  
reads  while  I  work  on  my  site,  and  I  sometimes  stay  up  until  the  early  hours  
of  the  morning,  but  I  try  to  finish  everything  by  one  or  two.  
Lina   :   And  then  you  get  up  at  5:00  a.m.?  
Yoga   :   Well,  yeah,  but  it's  important  to  live  a  balanced  life.  I  enjoy  what  I  do,  but  you  
have  to  set  aside  time  for  the  family  and  yourself.  
Lina   :   I  agree.  
Yoga   :   But   I   think   my   wife   has   the  toughest  job.   She   spends   her   whole   day   taking  
care   of  our   family   .   .   .   taking   the   kids   to   school,   working   in   the   garden,  
buying  groceries,   taking   the   kids   to   piano   lessons   .   .   .   [Wow!]   It's   a   full-­‐time  
job,  but  she  enjoys  what  she  does.  
Lina   :   Well,  it  sounds  like  you're  a  busy,  but  lucky  man.  
Yoga   :   I  think  so  too.  
 

       Key  Vocabulary    
   
− Catch  (verb):  to  get  on  
I  have  to  catch  a  bus  in  front  of  the  bus  station.  
− Get  off  work  (verb):  finish  work  
She  seldom  gets  off  work  before  6:00  p.m.  
#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   73  
 LESSON  
SPEAKING   13  

 
− Dinner  (noun):  sometimes  supper  
We  seldom  eat  dinner  after  8:00  p.m.  
− Stay  up  (verb):  not  go  to  bed  
I  almost  never  stay  up  past  midnight.  
− Set  aside  (verb):  reserve,  allow,  or  give  a  certain  amount  to  
You  have  to  set  aside  enough  time  to  study  for  your  classes.  
− Toughest  (adjective):  most  difficult,  hardest  
The  toughest  part  about  being  a  parent  is  setting  aside  time  for  work,  family,  and  self.  
− Take  care  of  (verb):  watch,  look  after  
You  should  take  care  of  yourself  so  you  don't  get  sick.  
− Groceries  (noun):  food  and  other  items  at  a  supermarket  
Mom  is  going  to  pick  up  some  groceries  from  the  store  for  dinner.  
 
Class  Activity  
After   read   the   dialogue,   identify   man’s   daily   schedule.   Make   a   table   of   daily   schedule   if  
necessary.  
 
Your  turn!  
Make  your  table  of  daily  schedule.  Tell  it  to  your  friends.  
 

 
#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   74  
 LESSON  
SPEAKING   13  

Business  Communication  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   75  
 LESSON  
SPEAKING   13  

 
Secretary   :   Hello,  Icon  Computers.  May  I  help  you?  
Caller     :   Yes,  this  is  Septa  Pratama  from  Gladiator’s  Office  Supplies.  May  I  speak  to  
Febriola  Bunga,  please?  
Secretary   :   I’m  sorry,  but  she’s  not  in  right  now.  
Caller     :   Okay,  do  you  know  when  she’ll  be  back?  
Secretary   :   Uh,  yes,  she  should  be  here  later  on  this  afternoon  maybe  about  4:30.  May  I  
take  a  message?  
Caller     :   Yes.   Ms.   Nabilla   sent   me   a  brochure  detailing  your   newest   line   of   laptop  
computers  with  a  description  of  other  software  products,  but  there  wasn’t  
any  information  about  after-­‐sales  service.  
Secretary   :   Oh,  I’m  sorry.  Would  you  like  me  to  fax  that  to  you?  
Caller     :   Yes,  but  our  fax  is  being  repaired  at  the  moment,  and  it  won’t  be  working  
until  around  2:30.  Hum  .  .  .  could  you  try  sending  that  information  around  
3:30?  That  should  give  me  time  to  look  over  the  material  before  I  call  Ms.  
Nabilla,  say,  around  5:00.  
Secretary   :   Sure.  Could  I  have  your  name,  telephone  number,  and  fax  number,  please?  
Caller     :   Yes.   Septa   Pratama   and   the   phone   number   is   560-­‐1287.   And   the   fax  
number  is  560-­‐1288.  
Secretary   :   Okay,  Septa  Pratama.  Is  your  name  spelled  P-­‐e-­‐r-­‐t-­‐a-­‐m-­‐a?  
Caller     :   No.  It’s  Pratama  without  "e"  and  with  “a”.  P-­‐r-­‐a-­‐t-­‐a-­‐m-­‐a.  
Secretary   :   All   right,   Mr.   Pratama.   And   your   phone   number   is   560-­‐1287,   and   the   fax  
number  is  560-­‐1288.  Is  that  correct?  
Caller     :    Yes  it  is.  
Secretary   :   All  right.  I’ll  be  sure  to  send  you  the  fax  this  afternoon.  
Caller     :   Okay,  bye.  
 
Key  Vocabulary  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   76  
 LESSON  
SPEAKING   13  

 
Part  of  
Vocabulary   Definition   Example  
Speech  
Could   you   send   me  
Brochure   Noun   Pamphlet,  small  booklet   a  brochure  of   your  
laptop  computers?  
The   manager   decided  
Verb,  also  
Detail   To  explain   to  detail  his  recent  visit  
noun  
to  our  parent  company.  
 
 
Class  Activity  
Practice  the  dialogue  above  with  your  friends.  
 
Your  turn!  
Make   a   short   dialogue   with   your   partners.   The   topic   is   about   communicating   in   business  
field.  Then,  practice  it  in  front  of  the  class.  
 

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   77  
 LESSON  
LISTENING   14  

 
UNIT  1  –  In  a  Shop  

a. Listen to this recording and give the important opinion that you can catch from this
conversation
1. ......................................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................................
3. ......................................................................................................................
4. ......................................................................................................................
5. ......................................................................................................................
6. ......................................................................................................................
7. ......................................................................................................................
8. ......................................................................................................................

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   78  
 LESSON  
LISTENING   14  

 
9. ......................................................................................................................
10. ......................................................................................................................

b. Barbara is the manager of an electrical shop. Listen to her explain the shop’s policy on
refunds and exchanges. Thick √ True or False for each statement
1. Damaged and faulty items must be returned straight away
2. You can either have a refund or exchange the item
3. You must have a receipt
4. You have to pay a small administration charge for items that need to be repaired
5. Unwanted items can be refunded or exchanged if returned in under two weeks
6. If you return an unwanted item after two weeks of purchase, then no refund is possible.

c. The Costumer sees two new mobile phones on sale. Listen to the sales assistant talk
about them and complete the missing information
 
S340  
 
4G  
 
Fast  ....................................  
 
Download  ........................................  clips  
 
.............................  Mega  pixel  camera  
 
.....................................Video  calling  
 

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   79  
 LESSON  
LISTENING   14  

 
410i  

MP3  player  +  ..........................................  

Stereo  sound  

Can  store  ......................................  +  Songs  

Full  .........................................  –  Like  a  pocket  PC  

........................................  Gigabyte  hard  drive  

UNIT  2  –  At  the  Doctor’s  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   80  
 LESSON  
LISTENING   14  

 
a. Write  the  answers  to  these  questions.  Then  listen  to  the  conversation  again  and  check  your  
answers.  
1. What  problem  does  Muhammad  have?  
..................................................................................................................................................  

2. When  did  it  start?  

..................................................................................................................................................  

3. What  other  symptoms  does  he  have?  

..................................................................................................................................................  

4. Has  he  been  taking  any  medicine  for  it?  

..................................................................................................................................................  

5. What  action  does  the  doctor  want  to  take?  

..................................................................................................................................................  

b. Dr  Vasquez  is  a  doctor  in  Texas,  US.  He  is  speaking  to  patient.  Listen  and  answer  the  questions.  
1. What’s  wrong  with  the  patient?  
.................................................................................................................................................  

2. Why  doesn’t  Dr  Vasquez  prescible  antibiotics?  

.................................................................................................................................................  

3. What  advise  does  he  give?  

         .................................................................................................................................................  

 
#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   81  
 LESSON  
LISTENING   14  

 
c. Listen  to  Dr  Vasquez  Diagnose  three  more  patients.  Complete  the  chart  
  Diagnosis   Instructions  

Patient  1      

Patient  2      

Patient  3      

UNIT  3  –  Holiday  

a. Listen  and  write  the  type  of  holiday  each  speaker  prefers.  
 

Speaker  1  :  .................................................................................................................  

Speaker  2  :  .................................................................................................................  

Speaker  3  :  .................................................................................................................  

Speaker  4  :  .................................................................................................................  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   82  
 LESSON  
LISTENING   14  

 
Speaker  5  :  .................................................................................................................  

Speaker  6  :  .................................................................................................................  

b. Listen  and  complete  these  questions  you  can  ask  when  you  want  to  rent  a  car.  
a. What  .....................................  of  cars  do  you  have?  
b. Is  ................................  included?  
c. Do  I  have  to  pay  an  .....................................  if  I  have  an  accident?  
d. Can  I  hire  a  car  ............................................  ?  
e. Is  there  a  ....................................  limit?  
f. Do  you  provide  ............................................  
g. Is  .................................................  cover  included?  
h. What  .....................................  do  I  need?  
#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   83  
 LESSON  
LISTENING   14  

 
 

c. Read  these  questions.  Try  to  remember  the  answer.  Then  listen  again  and  check.  
1. How  long  does  she  want  to  rent  a  car?  ..................................................  
2. Why  doesn’t  she  want  the  VW  Polo?  ......................................................  
3. Why  doesn’t  she  rent  the  Ford  Fiesta?  ..................................................  
4. How  much  does  she  finally  pay?  ..............................................................  
5. Why  is  this  cheaper  than  the  advertised  price?  ................................  
 

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   84  
 References  

Azar,   Betty   Schrampfer.   2003.   Fundamental   of   English   Grammar.   3rd   Edition.   Pearson  
Education:  Longman.  

      .   1999.   Understanding   and   Using   English   Grammar.   3rd   Edition.   Pearson  

Education:  Longman.  

Azis,   Laode   Abdul   and   Kasir   Ibrahim.   1991.   English   Grammar   Tata   Bahasa   (Bahasa  
Inggris).  Surabaya:  Pustaka  Tinta  Mas.  

Bramadi,  N.S.  2012.  Kursus  Singkat  Bahasa  Inggris.  Jakarta:  PT  Bhuana  Ilmu  Popular.    

Denistia,  Karlina.  2013.  #Easy  English.  Jakarta:  Gagas  Media.  

      .  2016.  #Easy  English  Part  2.  Jakarta:  Panda  Media.  

Hakim,  M.A.R.  2016.  Let’s  Speak  (Advanced  Level).  Sleman  :  Penerbit  Deepublish.  

Mulyono  and  Widayanti,  Ari.  2011.  English  Alive  2.  Indonesia:  PT.  Ghalia  Indonesia  
Printing.  

[Link]  

[Link]  

[Link]-­‐‑learn-­‐‑[Link]    

[Link]    

[Link]  

[Link]  

[Link]  

[Link]  

[Link]  

[Link]  

[Link]  

[Link]-­‐‑[Link]  

 
 BIODATA PENYUSUN

M.   Arif   Rahman   Hakim   merupakan   putera   kelahiran  

Palembang   pada   15   Desember   1990.   Arif   yang  
berdarah  bugis-­‐  jawa  ini  lulus  dari  Fakultas  Tarbiyah  &  
Tadris   IAIN   Bengkulu   pada   tahun   2012.     Ditahun   yang  
sama   ia   meraih   beasiswa   S2   dari   Kementerian   Agama  
untuk   melanjutkan   pendidikan   di   Uniiversitas   Islam  
Malang   pada   jurusan   Pendidikan   Bahasa   Inggris   dan  
selesai   pada   tahun   2014.   Saat   ini   ia   bekerja   sebagai  
dosen   tetap   pada   studi   Pendidikan   Bahasa   Inggris  
untuk   almamaternya,   IAIN   Bengkulu   serta   sebagai  
manajer   sekaligus   trainer   di   English   Academy  
Bengkulu.   Disamping   itu   ia   juga   merupakan   Owner   dari  
Sawomateng   studio,   industri   kreatif   yang   bergerak  
dibidang  fotografi,  videografi  dan  desain  grafis.  Ditahun  
2016,   pria   27   tahun   ini   memulai   program   Ph.D   nya   (Strata   3)   di   School   of   Educational  
Studies,  Universiti  Sains  Malaysia.  Dalam  hal  menulis,  dia  aktif  menulis  di  media  cetak,  jurnal  
nasional  dan  Internasional,  serta  rutin  menjadi  juri  dan  narasumber  dalam  kegiatan  bahasa  
Inggris,  pendidikan  dan  lain-­‐lain,  mulai  tingkat  kelompok,  komunitas,  hingga  skala  seminar  
nasional   maupun   internasional.   Sejumlah   penelitian   yang   telah   diterbitkan   antara   lain;   An  
Analysis  b,d,g,j  &   δ  into  English  Pronunciation  for  Javanese  Students  (International  Journal  of  
Humanities   and   Social   Sciences,   USA),   Developing   Speaking   Instructional   Materials   for  
Introvert   Students   (Language-­‐Edu,   Malang),   Experienced   EFL   Teachers’   Challenges   and  
Strategies   in   Teaching   Speaking   for   Introvert   Students   (European   Journal   of   Social   Sciences,  
UK),  Developing   English   Textbook   for   4th   Grade   of   Elementary   School   (FSSH   Scholarly   Journal,  
USA),   The   Use   of   Genre-­‐Based   Approach   in   The   Context   of   English   Foreign   Language  
Curriculum   Development   at   Islamic   Schools   in   Indonesia   (International   Journal   of   Social  
Science,  India),  Methaporical  Expressions  in  the  Book  Ngawur  Karena  Benar  bu  Sujiwo  Tejo:  A  
Pragmatic  Approach  (Jurnal  of  English  as  a  Foreign  Language)   dan   masih   banyak   lagi.  Buku  
yang   telah   diterbitkan   adalah   English  Speaking  Materials  for  Introvert  Students   (IPB   Press),  
Let’s   Speak   1st   Level   (IAIN   Bengkulu   Press),   Terjemahan   What   English   Teachers   Need   to  
know   (Rajawali   Pers),   Let’s   Speak   Advanced   Level   (Deepublish),   Pengembangan   Materi  
Bahasa   Inggris   Untuk   Anak   Usia   Dini   Dengan   Konten   Islami   (IAIN   Bengkulu   Press)   dan  
Secercah   Harapan   diNegeri   Jiran   (Penerbit   Vanda).   Kegiatan   internasional   yang   telah   di  
ikutinya   antara   lain;   short   course   di   University   Sains   Malaysia   (2011),   Duta   kegiatan  
APIMUN   di   Jepang   (2012),   dialog   ilmiah   di   Nanyang   University,   Singapore   (2012),   dialog  
ilmiah   di   Jawaharlal   Nehru   University,   New   Delhi,   India,   pemateri   pada   The   11th  
International   CAMTESOL   Conference   2015,   pemateri   pada   International   Conference   on  
Teaching,   Education   and   Learning,   Dubai   2016,   The   15th   ASIA   TEFL   and   64th   TEFLIN  
Conference,   Academic   Writing   Training   in   Western   Sydney   Universitiy   dan   lain-­‐lain.   Salah  
satu  penghargaan  yang  telah  didapatknnya  adalah  Grant  Researcher  pada  kegiatan  The  11th  
International   CAMTESOL   2015   di   Kamboja.   Penulis   saat   ini   tinggal   di   Penang,   Malaysia.  
Untuk   menghubunginya   bisa   langsung   melalui   twitter   @arifelsiradj,   facebook:   M.   Arif  
Rahman  Hakim  atau  dapat  melalui  email;  arifelsiradj90@[Link].  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   93  
 BIODATA PENYUSUN

Trinur Susanti adalah salah satu pengajar tetap

ENglsih Academy Bengkulu sejak 2015. Trinur
merupakan lulusan program studi Tadris Bahasa
Inggris IAIN Bengkulu dan pengajar tersertifikasi
dari English Academy Bengkulu dan Indonesia
Australia Language Foundation (IALF). Trinur juga
pernah menjadi salah satu dari pembicara di
International Conference atas kerjasama antara IAIN
Bengkulu, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Universiti
Sains Malaysia dan Universiti Trengganu serta
menerbitkan artikel di Advanced Science Letter Journals (USA) bersama M. Arif Rahman
Hakim berjudul A Quasi Experimental Design to Study The Effect of Picture and Pictures
Strategy in Writing Recount Text for Junior High School Students. Trinur juga tercatat
aktif dibeberapa kegiatan lain seperti English Camp Bengkulu, English Students
Community, pernah menjadi peserta ELLTA - USM 2014 : Leadership and Learning in
the Asian Century di Penang Malaysia, juga sebagai peserta simulation Reading
Evaluation Assessment Decoding System (READS) di Universiti Sains Malaysia. Untuk
Menghubunginya, dapat melalui akun facebook dan instagram atas nama Trinur Susanti.

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   94  
 BIODATA EDITOR
 
Reko   Serasi   merupakan   putera   asli   Bengkulu   lulusan  
Diploma   3   program   studi   Bahasa   Inggris   dari   Akademi  
Bahasa   Asing   Yogyakarta   dan   Strata   1   Sastra   Inggris  
Universitas   Teknologi   Yogyakarta.   Reko   juga   tercatat  
sebagai   alumni   strata   2   dari   Universitas   Gajah   Mada,  
Yogyakarta   di   bidang   American   Studies.   Reko,   biasa   ia  
disapa   oleh   teman-­‐temannya,   merupakan   dosen   tetap   di  
IAIN   Bengkulu   dan   merupakan   seorang   peneliti   di   Pusat  
Bahasa  &  Kajian  Ilmu  Kebudayaan,  IAIN  Bengkulu.  Kajian  
dibidang   kebudayaan   ini   juga   membawanya   menjadi   satu-­‐   satunya   keynote   speaker   asal  
Indonesia   pada   acara   C arter   v   B oehm  250th  Anniversary  Conference  on  Fort  Malborough  
yang   merupakan   cagar   budaya   berbentuk   Benteng   peninggalan   United   Kingdom   dan  
terletak   di   Bengkulu.   Selain   itu   banyak   gagasan-­‐   gagasan   brilian   yang   telah   diciptakan  
olehnya   dan   telah   diakui   banyak   pihak   sebagai   sumbangsih   positif   dalam   berbagai  
bidang.   Dalam   perjalanan   karirnya,   Reko   tercatat   pernah   menjadi   salah   seorang   pengajar  
Bahasa  Inggris  baik  itu  General  Englsih,  TOEFL  ataupun  IELTS  di  Universitas  Gajah  Mada  dan  
Universitas   Muhammadiyah   Yogyakarta.   Reko   juga   dikenal   sebagai   seorang   aktivis  
kebudayaan   dan   kepemudaan   diluar   aktivitasnya   dikampus,   beberapa   organisasi   yang   ia  
pimpin   adalah   Bengkulu   Heritage   Society,   Bengkulu   Youth   Community,   tutor   tetap   kegiatan  
English  Camp  sejak  2015,  sering  diundang  dalam  berbagai  kegiatan  sebagai  pembicara  dan  
trainer,   serta   masih   banyak   kegiatan   lainnya.   Reko   juga   tercatat   sebagai   pengajar  
International   English   Language   Testing   System   (IELTS)   tersertifikasi   oleh   Indonesia  
Australia   Language   Foundation   (IALF).     Penyusun   saat   ini   merupakan   Direktur   di   English  
Academy   Bengkulu.   Untuk   menghubunginya   bisa   melalui   facebook   atau   instagram   dengan  
nama  akun  Reko  Serasi  

#EnglishAcademyBengkuluMalaysia   95