tian Simple Present Tense
Simple present tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, atau
kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini.
Bentuk kata kerja ini paling sering digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris.
Lihat juga:
Simple Past Tense
Simple Future Tense
Present Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Tenses
Past Future Tense
Penjelasan dan Rumus Simple Present Tense
Simple present tense dibentuk dari verb-1 (present tense) atau linking verb “be” (is, am, are).
Apa itu verb-1? Verb-1 merupakan bare infinitive dengan tambahan -s atau -es (contoh verb-
1: does, goes, wants) khusus untuk subject berupa singular noun (kata benda tunggal: Tita,
book, car) atau third person singular pronoun (kata ganti orang ketiga tunggal: she, he, it);
atau tanpa tambahan apapun (contoh verb-1: do, go, want) untuk subject berupa plural
noun (boys, men, books) atau plural pronoun (we, they), pronoun I/you, atau compound
subject (you and me, Tina and Ratih).
Dengan demikian rumus simple present tense untuk kalimat positif, negatif, dan interogatif
sebagai berikut.
Kalimat Rumus Simple Present Tense Contoh Simple Present Tense
S + V-1
positif S +/- auxiliary (do/does) + bare infinitive She likes eating out
(+)
S + be (am/is/are) The children are naughty.
negatif S + auxiliary (do/does) + not + bare infinitive She doesn’t like eating out
(-) S + be(am/is/are) + not The children aren’t naughty
interogatif Do/Does + S + bare infinitive Does she like eating out
(?) Be(am/is/are) + S Are the children naughty
Catatan:
Pada kalimat positif, normalnya auxiliary verb (do/does) tidak digunakan, melainkan hanya
digunakan jika perlu untuk memberi penekanan pada keharusan melakukan aksi.
Simple Present Tense vs. Present Continuous Tense
Aktivitas atau kejadiaan pada simple present tense terjadi pada saat ini (present) namun tidak
benar-benar sedang berlangsung seperti present continuous tense. Berikut perbandingannya.
Simple present tense: He sleeps without a pillow. (Dia tidur tanpa bantal. ≈ habit)
Present continuous tense: He is sleeping without a pillow. (Dia sedang tidur tanpa
bantal)
Fungsi dan Contoh Kalimat Simple Present Tense
Fungsi Contoh Kalimat Simple Present Tense
Simple present tense untuk He always consumes low GI rice.
menyatakan habitual action (Dia selalu mengonsumsi beras rendah GI.)
(kebiasaan) dimana sering
digunakan adverb of frequency She sends much money to her parents in the village
(always, often, usually, every every month.
day/week, month, all the time, (Dia mengirimkan banyak uang kepada orangtuanya di
etc) sebagai time signals. desa setiap bulan.)
The sun rises from the east and sets in the west.
(Matahari terbit dari ufuk timur dan tenggelam di ufuk
Factual (kebenaran umum/fakta barat.)
yang tak terbantahkan)
Water boils at 100 degrees Celcius.
(Air mendidih pada suhu 100 derajat celcius.)
I live in Jakarta.
Simple present tense digunakan (Saya tinggal di Jakarta)
untuk membuat simple statement
She is so beautiful.
yang berlaku general (berlaku
(Dia sangat cantik.)
kapan saja) maupun tidak
general (menggunakan verb be). He’s angry.
(Dia marah.) [tidak general: terjadi sekarang]
She loves dancing.
Simple present (Dia suka menari.)
tense menggunakan stative I see tears in your eyes.
verb untuk menyatakan perasaan (Saya melihat air mata di matamu.)
(feeling), indera (sense), pikiran We agree with the speaker’s opinion.
(mental state), atau kepemilikan (Kami setuju dengan pendapat pembicara tersebut.)
(possession). My brother owns a new house.
(Saudaraku memiliki rumah baru.)
Simple present tense digunakan The ship leaves the harbour this night at 7 o’clock.
untuk membicarakan rencana atau (Kapal meninggalkan pelabuhan malam ini jam 7.)
jadwal di masa depan namun He arrives from Osaka at 1 pm.
memiliki jangka waktu dekat (Dia tiba dari Osaka jam 1 siang.)
dengan sekarang. Umumnya
membicarakan tentang transportasi
atau event. Verb yang biasa The ceremony starts at nine.
digunakan antara lain: arrive, come, (Upacara dimulai jam sembilan.)
leave.
You add a glass of coconut milk into a pan and then
boil it.
Simple present tense digunakan (Kamu tambah segelas santan ke dalam panci lalu
untuk memberikan instruksi atau rebus.)
serial aksi.
You go straight ahead then turn left.
(Kamu jalan lurus ke depan lalu belok kiri.)
If you meet the naughty boy, your parents will be
angry.
Simple present tense digunakan (Jika kamu bertemu dengan anak nakal itu, orangtuamu
pada conditional sentence tipe 1. akan marah.)
I will go swimming if I have free time.
(Saya akan pergi berenang jika ada waktu.)
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Simple present tense
The simple present tense is used:
To express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and
wishes:
I smoke (habit); I work in London (unchanging situation); London is a large city (general
truth)
To give instructions or directions:
You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left.
To express fixed arrangements, present or future:
Your exam starts at 09.00
To express future time, after some conjunctions: after, when, before, as soon as, until:
He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.
Be careful! The simple present is not used to express actions happening now.
Examples
For habits
He drinks tea at breakfast.
She only eats fish.
They watch television regularly.
For repeated actions or events
We catch the bus every morning.
It rains every afternoon in the hot season.
They drive to Monaco every summer.
For general truths
Water freezes at zero degrees.
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
Her mother is Peruvian.
For instructions or directions
Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.
You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford.
For fixed arrangements
His mother arrives tomorrow.
Our holiday starts on the 26th March
With future constructions
She'll see you before she leaves.
We'll give it to her when she arrives.
Forming the simple present tense: to think
Affirmative Interrogative Negative
I think Do I think? I do not think
You think Do you think? You do not think
Affirmative Interrogative Negative
He thinks Does he think? He does not think
She thinks Does she think? She does not think
It thinks Does it think? It does not think
We think Do we think? We do not think.
They think Do they think? They do not think.
Notes on the simple present, third person singular
In the third person singular the verb always ends in -s:
he wants, she needs, he gives, she thinks.
Negative and question forms use DOES (= the third person of the auxiliary 'DO') + the
infinitive of the verb.
He wants ice cream. Does he want strawberry? He does not want vanilla.
Verbs ending in -y : the third person changes the -y to -ies:
fly --> flies, cry --> cries
Exception: if there is a vowel before the -y:
play --> plays, pray --> prays
Add -es to verbs ending in:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch:
he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes
Examples
He goes to school every morning.
She understands English.
It mixes the sand and the water.
He tries very hard.
She enjoys playing the piano.
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Most verbs conjugate like the verb "run" below. Notice how you add an "s" to third-person
forms. Third-person negative forms and third-person questions are made using "does."
Positive Negative Question
I run. I do not run. Do I run?
You run. You do not run. Do you run?
We run. We do not run. Do we run?
They run. They do not run. Do they run?
He runs. He does not run. Does he run?
She runs. She does not run. Does she run?
It runs. It does not run. Does it run?
Instead of "s," "es" is added to positive, third-person forms of verbs ending with the
following sounds: s, z, sh, ch, j or zs (as in Zsa Zsa). These special "es"-forms have been
marked below with an asterisk*.
Positive Negative Question
I rush. I do not rush. Do I rush?
You rush. You do not rush. Do you rush?
We rush. We do not rush. Do we rush?
They rush. They do not rush. Do they rush?
He rushes. * He does not rush. Does he rush?
She rushes. * She does not rush. Does she rush?
It rushes. * It does not rush. Does it rush?
To Have
The verb "have" is irregular in positive, third-person forms. This irregular form has been
marked below with an asterisk*.
Positive Negative Question
I have. I do not have. Do I have?
You have. You do not have. Do you have?
We have. We do not have. Do we have?
They have. They do not have. Do they have?
He has. * He does not have. Does he have?
She has. * She does not have. Does she have?
It has. * It does not have. Does it have?
To Be
The verb "be" is irregular in the Simple Present. It also has different question forms and
negative forms.
Positive Negative Question
I am. I am not. Am I?
You are. You are not. Are you?
We are. We are not. Are we?
They are. They are not. Are they?
He is. He is not. Is he?
She is. She is not. Is she?
It is. It is not. Is it?
Modal Verbs
Modal verbs behave differently from other verbs. Notice that they do not take "s" in the third
person - there is no difference between first-person, second-person or third-person forms.
Like the verb "be" described above, modal verbs also have different question forms and
negative forms in Simple Present.
Positive Negative Question
I should go. I should not go. Should I go?
You should go. You should not go. Should you go?
We should go. We should not go. Should we go?
They should go. They should not go. Should they go?
He should go. He should not go. Should he go?
She should go. She should not go. Should she go?
It should go. It should not go. Should it go?
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