Pengertian dan Contoh Simple Sentence (Kalimat

Tunggal)
Pengertian Simple Sentence
Simple sentence adalahsentence type (tipe kalimat) yang paling mendasar, yaitu hanya
terdiri dari satuindependent clause. Tipe kalimat ini bukan berarti simple
(sederhana) untuk dipahami karena simple sentence sendiri merujuk pada pola
kalimat bukan the complexity of thought (kompleksitas pemikiran).
Tipe kalimat yang lain yaitu: compound, complex, dan compound-complex
sentence. Dengan memahami berbagai tipe kalimat, akan sangat membantu dalam
memberikan variasi kalimat pada sebuah tulisan.
Contoh Simple Sentence:
My sister read the magazine. (Saudara perempuanku membaca majalah.)
The manager came late today. (Manager tersebut datang terlambat hari ini.)
Independent Clause dan Compound Element pada Simple
Sentence
Independent clause terdiri dari satu subject, verb, dengan/tanpa komponen lainnya
(seperti modifier atau complement) untuk membentuk kalimat yang memiliki arti secara
utuh/lengkap. Subjectadalah someone/something (seseorang/sesuatu),
berupa noun ataupronoun, yang melakukan aksi. Aksi yang dilakukan (verb) dapat
berupaaction (contoh: eat, play, read) atau linking verb.
Contoh Simple Sentence:
Contoh Simple Sentence Keterangan
My sister read the magazine.
subject= my sister,
verb= read,
(direct) object= the magazine
The manager came late today.
subject= the manager,
verb= came,
adverb= late, today
He is diligent.
(Dia rajin)
subject= he (pronoun),
(linking) verb= is,
adjective= diligent
I was doing physically exercises at this time
yesterday.
(Saya sedang melakukan latihan-latihan fisik
sepanjang hari.)
subject= I,
verb= was doing,
(direct) object= physically exercises
prepositional phrase= at this time
yesterday

Simple sentence umumnya berupa kalimat yang pendek, namun dapat pula panjang. Kalimat
dapat menjadi lebih panjang ketika elemen-elemen kalimat (subject, verb, object, etc)
digunakan secara majemuk (compound). Diantara elemen majemuk tersebut (subject
compound, verb compound, etc) tidak dipisahkan oleh koma. Selain itu, prepositional
phrase juga dapat berperan untuk memperpanjang suatu simple sentence.
Contoh Simple Sentence:
Contoh Simple Sentence Keterangan
Atiek and I got the appreciation for our recent research.
(Atiek dan saya mendapatkan perhargaan untuk riset terakhir
kami.) compound subject
The babies laughed and cried simultaneously.
(Bayi-bayi tersebut tertawa dan menangis secara
bersamaan.) compound verb
Ana and Yuni read and wrote the instruction.
(Ana dan Yuni membaca dan menulis instruksi.)
compound
subject, compound verb
Ana and Yuni read the instruction on the whiteboard and
wrote it on their book.
(Ana dan Yuni membaca instruksi di papan tulis putih dan
menuliskannya di buku mereka.) prepositional phrase
Semoga tulisan pengertian dan contoh simple sentence (kalimat tunggal) ini bermanfaat dan
mohon maaf jika ada kekurangan





Sentences: Simple, Compound, and Complex
Experienced writers use a variety of sentences to make their writing interesting and lively. Too many
simple sentences, for example, will sound choppy and immature while too many long sentences will
be difficult to read and hard to understand.
This page contains definitions of simple, compound, and complex sentences with many simple
examples. The purpose of these examples is to help the ESL/EFL learner to identify sentence basics
including identification of sentences in the short quizzes that follow. After that, it will be possible to
analyze more complex sentence varieties.
Simple Sentence
A simple sentence, also called an independent clause, contains a subject and a verb, and it
expresses a complete thought. In the following simple sentences, subjects are in yellow, and verbs
are in green.
1. Some students like to study in the mornings.
2. Juan and Arturo play football every afternoon.
3. Alicia goes to the library and studies every day.
The three examples above are all simple sentences. Note that sentence 2 contains a compound
subject, and sentence 3 contains a compound verb. Simple sentences, therefore, contain a subject
and verb and express a complete thought, but they can also contain compound subjects or verbs.
Compound Sentence
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. The coordinators
are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. (Helpful hint: The first letter of each of the coordinators
spells FANBOYS.) Except for very short sentences, coordinators are always preceded by a comma.
In the following compound sentences, subjects are in yellow, verbs are in green, and the coordinators
and the commas that precede them are in red.
1. I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak English.
2. Alejandro played football, so Maria went shopping.
3. Alejandro played football, for Maria went shopping.
The above three sentences are compound sentences. Each sentence contains two independent
clauses, and they are joined by a coordinator with a comma preceding it. Note how the conscious use
of coordinators can change the meaningof the sentences. Sentences 2 and 3, for example, are
identical except for the coordinators. In sentence 2, which action occurred first? Obviously, "Alejandro
played football" first, and as a consequence, "Maria went shopping." In sentence 3, "Maria went
shopping" first. In sentence 3, "Alejandro played football" because, possibly, he didn't have anything
else to do, for or because "Maria went shopping." How can the use of other coordinators change the
relationship between the two clauses? What implications would the use of "yet" or "but" have on the
meaning of the sentence?
Complex Sentence
A True Story
Some students believe it is possible to identify simple, compound, and complex sentences by looking at
the complexityof the ideas in a sentence. Is the idea in the sentence simple, or is it complex? Does one idea in a
sentence make it simple? Do two ideas make it compound? However, sentence identification does not work
that way.
Please take the time to identify the subjects and verbs in a sentence. Then identify coordinators and
subordinators when they exist. With these two steps, sentence identification not only becomes easy, but it also
provides the foundation for understanding and writing all other kinds of more complicated sentences.
A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. A complex
sentence always has a subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or when (and many
others) or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which. In the following complex sentences,
subjects are in yellow, verbs are in green, and the subordinators and their commas (when required)
are in red.
1. When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last
page.
2. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error.
3. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.
4. After they finished studying, Juan and Maria went to the movies
5. Juan and Maria went to the movies after they finished studying.
When a complex sentence begins with a subordinator such as sentences 1 and 4, a comma is
required at the end of the dependent clause. When the independent clause begins the sentence with
subordinators in the middle as in sentences 2, 3, and 5, no comma is required. If a comma is placed
before the subordinators in sentences 2, 3, and 5, it is wrong.
Note that sentences 4 and 5 are the same except sentence 4 begins with the dependent clause which
is followed by a comma, and sentence 5 begins with the independent clause which contains no
comma. The comma after the dependent clause in sentence 4 is required, and experienced listeners
of English will oftenhear a slight pause there. In sentence 5, however, there will be no pause when the
independent clause begins the sentence.
Complex Sentences / Adjective Clauses
Finally, sentences containing adjective clauses (or dependent clauses) are also complex because
they contain an independent clause and a dependent clause. The subjects, verbs, and subordinators
are marked the same as in the previous sentences, and in these sentences, the independent clauses
are also underlined.
1. The woman who called my mom sells cosmetics.
2. The book that Jonathan read is on the shelf.
3. The house which Abraham Lincoln was born in is still standing.
4. The town where I grew up is in the United States.
Adjective Clauses are studied in this site separately, but for now it is important to know that sentences
containing adjective clauses are complex.






















Pengertian dan Contoh Compound Sentence
Pengertian Compound Sentence
Compound sentenceadalah sentence type (tipe kalimat) yang terdiri dari dua atau
lebih independent clauseatau simple sentence.
Pada compound sentence, pikiran pada dua atau lebihindependent clause tersebut
dihubungkan dengan tingkat kepentingan yang setara.
Tipe kalimat yang lain yaitu: simple, complex, dan compound-complex
sentence. Dengan memahami berbagai tipe kalimat, akan sangat membantu dalam
memberikan variasi kalimat pada sebuah tulisan.
Conjunction dan Punctuation pada Compound Sentence
Untuk menghubungkan dua atau lebih independent clause di dalamcompound sentence, dapat
digunakan coordinate conjunction, conjunctive adverb, atau semicolon (titik koma) saja.
Walaupun dihubungkan olehconjunction atau semicolon, masing-masing independent
clause tersebut sesungguhnya dapat berdiri sendiri.
Coordinate Conjunction
Coordinate conjunction yang dapat digunakan
yaitu: for, and, nor, but, or, yet,so (FANBOYS). Tanda baca koma digunakan tepat sebelum
kata hubung ini.
Contoh Compound Sentence dengan Coordinate Conjunction:
He didnt come last night, for he fell asleep. (Dia tidak datang
semalam karena dia terlelap.)
Vina and Amel wake up at 5:00 am, and they go to school at 6:30 am. (Vina dan
Amel bangun jam 5 dan mereka pergi ke sekolah jam setengah 7.)
Please reconsider, so you will not regret oneday.(Tolong pertimbangan kembali
sehingga kamu tidak menyesalinya suatu hari nanti.)
Karena masing-masing klausa tersebut dapat berdiri sendiri, kadang-kadangcoordinate
conjunction tidak mampu menunjukkan hubungan yang cukup spesifik/logis,
khususnya conjunction and.
Conjunctive Adverb
Conjunctive adverb atau adverbial conjunction merupakan kata yang berfungsi baik
sebagai adverb maupun conjunction. Tanda baca semicolon(titik koma) dan koma biasa
digunakan bersama conjunction ini. Conjunctive adverb antara
lain: furthermore, however, otherwise, therefore, dan finally.
Contoh Compound Sentence dengan Conjunctive Adverb:
Both gold and green kiwifruits are widely cultivated in New Zealand;furthermore,
theyre distributed to our country. (Baik kiwi gold maupun hijau dibudidaya secara
luas di New Zealand. Tambahan pula, mereka didistribusikan ke negara kita.)
Natural resources of Indonesia spread from Sabang to marauke; however, theyre not
utilized properly. (Sumber daya alam Indonesia tersebar dari Sabang sampai Marauke.
Akan tetapi, mereka tidak digunakan dengan benar.)
Yulia drinks fresh milk and does exercise regularly; therefore, her bones is dense and
strong. (Yulia minum susu segar dan berolahraga teratur. Oleh karena itu, tulangnya
padat dan kuat.)
Semicolon (Titik Koma)
Adapun semicolon sendiri dapat digunakan untuk menghubungkan duaindependent
clause yang sangat berhubungan menjadi satu kalimat.
Contoh Compound Sentence dengan Semicolon:
Its mine; its not yours. (Itu milikku. Itu bukan milikmu.)
Diana looked panic; shes afraid she runs out of words to say to interviewers. (Diana
tampak panik. Dia takut kehabisan kata-kata untuk disampaikan kepada
pewawancara.)
Semoga tulisan compound sentence ini bermanfaat dan mohon maaf jika ada kekurangan.


Pengertian dan Contoh Complex Sentence
Pengertian Complex Sentence
Complex sentence adalah sentence type (tipe kalimat) yang terdiri dari
satu independent clause (simple sentence) dan satu atau
lebih dependent atausubordinate clause.
Tipe kalimat yang lain yaitu: simple, compound, dan compound-complex. Dengan
memahami berbagai tipe kalimat, akan sangat membantu dalam memberikan variasi
kalimat pada sebuah tulisan.
Dependent Clause pada Complex Sentence
Pada complex sentence, pikiran pada klausa independent merupakan pikiran utama (lebih
penting) sedangkan dependent merupakan tambahan. Dengan kata
lain, suatu complex sentence memiliki pondasi dasar berupa independent dengan informasi
tambahan berupa dependent clause(s).
Contoh:
Independent Clause: I like the book.
Dependent Clause: that you bought yesterday. [menerangkan "book"]
Complex Sentence: I like the book that you bought yesterday. (Saya suka buku yang
kamu beli kemarin.)
Peran Subordinate Conjunction dan Relative Pronoun
Dependent clause tidak dapat berdiri sendiri, melainkan harus digabungkan
dengan independent dengan/tanpa dependent clause lain untuk membentukcomplex sentence.
Dependent clause diawali dengan:
subordinate conjunction (contoh: after, since, when, although, because) ketika
digunakan pada adverbial clause,
relative pronoun (contoh: who, which, whose, whom, that) ketika digunakan
pada adjective clause, serta
question word, if /weather, atau that ketika digunakan pada noun clause.
Beberapa contohnya adalah sebagai berikut.
DC Contoh DC Contoh IC Contoh Complex Sentence
Adverbial
Clause
when he found a
lot of expired food
He was cleaning
the kitchen
He was cleaning the
kitchen when he found a lot of
expired food.
(Dia sedang membersihkan
dapur ketika dia menemukan
banyak makanan kadaluarsa.)
Because she had
free time during
last holiday
She rearranged
her house.
Because she had free time during
last holiday, she rearranged her
house.
(Karena dia mempunyai banyak
waktu luang, dia menata ulang
rumahnya.)
Adjective
Clause
which is very
faithful Mueeza is a cat.
Mueeza is a cat which is very
faithful.
(Mueeza adalah kucing yang
sangat setia)
that I has dreamed
for many years
ago. It is the car.
It is the car that I has dreamed
for many years ago.
(Ini mobil yang telah saya
impikan selama bertahun-tahun.)
Noun
Clause*
What you ate last
night
What you ate
last night is a
tasty cuisine
What you ate last night is a tasty
cuisine that may contain trans
fatty acids.
(Apa yang kamu makan
semalam merupakan masakan
yang mungkin mengandung
lemak trans.)
*Pada contoh noun clause, klausa tersebut menggantikan posisi noun (subject)
pada independent clause. Adapun object (a tasty cuisine) pada independent, diterangkan
oleh adjective clause (that may contain trans fatty acids).
Complex sentence cenderung lebih efektif daripada compound karena menunjukkan
hubungan yang lebih jelas atau spesifik antar klausa di dalam kalimat tersebut berkat
peran conjuntion, pronoun, question word, dan if.
Posisi Dependent Clause dan Tanda Baca pada Complex
Sentence
Adverbial Clause
Adverbial clause dapat berada di awal complex sentence, diikuti olehindependent clause.
Sebaliknya, independent dapat berada di awal complex sentence, diikuti oleh adverbial
clause. Jika berada di awal, diujung klausa ini diberi tanda baca koma.
Contoh Complex Sentence:
Di awal: Though Im annoyed, I try to think positively.
Di akhir: I try to think positively though Im annoyed. (Saya mencoba berpikir secara
positif meskipun saya terganggu.)
Adjective Clause
Saat menerangkan subject, adjective clause berada di tengah complex sentence. Informasi
tambahan tersebut dapat diapit koma ataupun tidak, tergantung pada penting atau tidaknya
informasi tersebut. Informasi tersebut dinilaiessential (penting) jika akan mengubah makna
jika dihilangkan. Pada situasi tersebut, koma tidak digunakan.
Contoh Complex Sentence:
Essential: People who do exercise regularly rarely get sick.
Non-essential: Yulia, who does exercise regularly, has a positive body image.(Yulia,
yang melakukan olahraga teratur, mempunyai body image yang positif.)
Semoga penjelasan materi complex sentences ini bermanfaat dan mohon maaf jika ada
kekurangan.











Pengertian dan Contoh Compound-Complex
Sentence
Pengertian Compound-Complex Sentence
Compound-complex sentence adalah sentence type (tipe kalimat) yang merupakan
kombinasi antaracompound dengan complex sentence. Tipe kalimat ini memiliki 3
atau lebih klausa di dalamnya, dimana minimal terdiri dari 2 independent clause dan
1 dependent clause.
Tipe kalimat yang lain yaitu: simple, compound, dan complex sentence. Dengan
memahami berbagai tipe kalimat, akan sangat membantu dalam memberikan variasi
kalimat pada sebuah tulisan.
Contoh Compound-Complex Sentence:
While he was cleaning the kitchen, he found a lot of expired food, but he didnt got rid of
it immediately.
(Ketika dia sedang membersihkan dapur, dia menemukan banyak makanan kadaluarsa, tapi
dia tidak membuangnya segera.)
dimana kalimat di atas merupakan gabungan dari:
Complex Sentence: While he was cleaning the kitchen, he found a lot of expired
food. (dependent, independent)
Compound Sentence: He found a lot of expired food, but he didnt got rid of it
immediately. (independent, independent)
Sehingga secara keseluruhan compound-complex sentence tersebut memiliki
2independent dan 1 dependent clause.
Punctuation (Tanda Baca) pada Compound-Complex Sentence
Pada dasarnya, compound-complex sentence mengikuti aturan penggunaan tanda baca yang
berlaku terhadap compound dan complex sentence. Secara ringkas aturannya adalah sebagai
berikut.
Compound Complex
Jika menggunakan coordinate conjunction (for, and,
nor, but, or, yet, so), tanda baca koma digunakan
tepat sebelum kata hubung tersebut.
Pada adverbial clause, jika
berada di awal kalimat,
diujung klausa ini diberi
Jika menggunakan conjunctive
adverb (furthermore, however, otherwise, when,
etc), tanda baca semicolon (titik koma) digunakan
tepat sebelum kata hubung dan koma tepat setelah
kata hubung.
Dapat menggunakan semicolon untuk
menghubungkan dua independent clause yang
sangat berhubungan.
(lihat contoh)
tanda baca koma.
Pada adjective clause, jika
menerangkan subject
(berada di tengah kalimat),
dapat diapit koma atau tidak
tergantung dari penting atau
tidak informasi yang
dibawanya.
(lihat contoh)
Contoh Compound-Complex Sentence:
Keterangan:
DC= dependent clause
IC= independent clause
SC= subordinate Conjunction
AC= adverbial conjunction
RP= relative pronoun
No. Contoh Keterangan
1
While cleaning
the kitchen, he
found a lot of
expired
food, but he
didnt got rid of
it.
While cleaning the kitchen= DC (adverbial clause)
he found a lot of expired food= IC
but= SC
he didnt got rid of it= IC
2
Andra found a
lot of expired
food, but he
didnt got rid of
it because he
was too lazy to
do it.
Andra found a lot of expired food= IC
but= SC
he didnt got rid of it= IC
because= AC
he was too lazy to do it= IC
3
Yulia, who does
exercise
regularly, has a
positive body
image;
therefore, she
always looks
happy and
healthy.
(Yulia yang
berolahraga
secara teratur,
mempunyaibody
Yulia has a positive body image= IC
who does exercise regularly= DC (non-essential adjective
clause)
therefore= AC
she always looks happy and healthy= IC
image yang
positif. Oleh
karena itu, dia
selalu tampak
bahagia dan
sehat.)
4
People who do
exercise
regularly rarely
get sick; they
usually have a
great immune
system.
(Orang-orang
yang
berolahraga
secara teratur
jarang jatuh
sakit. Mereka
biasanya
mempunyai
sistem imun
yang baik.)
People get sick= IC
who do exercise regularly= DC (essential adjective clause)
they usually have a great imune system= IC
Semoga tulisan compound-complex sentence ini bermanfaat dan mohon maaf jika ada
kekurangan.