I.

Program Quick Basic Dari Flowchart

Sebuah bank mengadakan seleksi untuk penerimaan calon pegawai baru.

Calon yang akan diterima adalah yang memenuhi kriteria tersebut:
a. Untuk pria tinggi badan minimal 165 cm, dan umur minimal 18 tahun.
b. Untuk wanita tinggi badan minimal 160 cm dan umur minimal 17
tahun.
c. IPK minimal 3.0
Tuliskan program flowchart dan quick BASIC untuk permasalahan di atas. Data
masukan adalah nama calon, jenis kelamin, tinggi badan, umur dan IPK. Keluaran
yang diinginkan adalah:

Nomor Nama Keterangan

1
2
...
Total Diterima = .... orang
Total Ditolak = .... orang
Catatan : Kolom keterangan diisi dengan “diterima” jika semua kriteria
terpenuhi dan “ditolak” untuk selain itu.

Jawaban:

Flowchart
START

TBMP=165, UMP=18,
TBMW=160, UMW=17,
IPKM=3.0

PRINT HEADER

READ NC$ ,J$ ,TB,

U,IPK

A
 A

NC$=” PRINT
STOP
X” TD,TDT

IPK>=
IPKM
C

J$=”PRI TB>= UM>

TBM D
A” =
W
UMW

TB>TBM
P

UM>=UMP
C

TDT=TDT+1

TD=TD+1
KET$=”DI TOLAK”

KET$=”DI TERIMA”

NO=NO+1

PRINT NO,NC$,KET$,
TD,TDT

B
2
QUICK BASIC

CLS

TBMP = 165

UMP = 18

TBMW = 160

UMW = 17

IPKM = 3

PRINT

PRINT STRING$(80, "-")

PRINT "NO."; TAB(15); "NAMA"; TAB(35); "KETERANGAN"

PRINT STRING$(80, "-")

BACA:

READ NC$, J$, TB, U, IPK

IF NC$ = "X" THEN

PRINT STRING$(80, "-")

PRINT TAB(15); "TOTAL YANG DITERIMA = "; TDT; " ORANG"

PRINT TAB(15); "TOTAL YANG DITOLAK = "; TD; " ORANG"

PRINT STRING$(80, "-")

END

END IF

NO = NO + 1

3
IF IPK >= IPKM AND J$ = “PRIA” AND TB >= TBMP AND UM >= UMP
THEN

KET$ = "DI TERIMA" : TG = TG + 1: GOTO CETAK

ELSE

IF IPK >= IPKM AND J$ = “WANITA” AND TB >= TBMW AND UM

>= UMW THEN

KET$ = “DI TERIMA” : TG = TG +1: GOTO CETAK

ELSE

KET$ = “DI TOLAK” : TL =TL + 1: GOTO CETAK

END IF

CETAK:

PRINT NO; TAB(15); NC$; TAB(35); KET$

GOTO BACA:

DATA HENNY,WANITA,162,17,2,MARCELUS,PRIA,153,19,3

DATA ANDREAS,PRIA,175,29,3,ELISA,WANITA,160,35,3

DATA JENNY,WANITA,170,15,2,ALVIN,PRIA,175,30,3

DATA MARIO,PRIA,165,12,3,WINDY,WANITA,168,21,3.5

DATA SISCA,WANITA,150,40,2.3,AARON,PRIA,175,25,4

DATA X,W,0,0,0

END

4
 II. Perbaikan Program Quick Basic

Berikut ini akan saya tampilkan 2 macam program quick basic yang
salah, dimana kedua program tersebut harus kita perbaiki, yaitu :

Soal 1 :

TOTAL =0

FOR K = 1 TO 5

READ JUMLAH_BARANG,HARGA_SATUAN

HARGA= JUMLAH_BARANG*HARGA_SATUAN

TOTAL = TOTAL + HARGA

NEXT K

IF TOTAL >= 3000000 THEN

BONUS = “PAYUNG”

ELSE

BONUS = “KALENDER”

ENDIF

PRINT “ TOTAL BELANJA = RP. “, TOTAL

PRINT “ SELAMAT ANDA MENDAPAT HADIAH : “, BONUS

END

DATA 10, 100000

DATA 20, 20000

DATA 5, 150000

DATA 1, 750000

5
 DATA 3, 500000

Perbaikan

Soal 1 :

CLS

FOR K = 1 TO 5 STEP

READ JUMLAH_BARANG, HARGA_SATUAN

HARGA = JUMLAH_BARANG*HARGA_SATUAN

TOTAL = TOTAL + HARGA

IF TOTAL >= 3000000 THEN

BONUS$ = “PAYUNG”

ELSE

BONUS$ = “KALENDER”

END IF

PRINT “TOTAL BELANJA =RP. “, TOTAL

PRINT “SELAMAT ANDA MENDAPAT HADIAH :“, BONUS

NEXT K

END

DATA 10, 100000

DATA 20, 20000

DATA 5, 150000

DATA 1, 750000

DATA 3, 500000

 Data input

6
 Data output

7
Soal 2 :

CLS

FOR I = 1 TO 5

R3AD NAMA, JAM_KERJA

IF JAM_KERJA > 22 THEN

BONUS$ = 100000

ELSE

BONUS$ = 0

END IF

GAJI = JAM_KERJA*20000 + BONUS$

PRINT NAMA, JAMA_KERJA,GAJI

NEXT K

END

DATA LALA, 20, LULU, 22, LOLO, 18

Perbaikan

Soal 2 :

CLS

FOR I = 1 TO 3

READ NAMA$, JAMKERJA

IF JAMKERJA > 20 THEN

BONUS = 10000

ELSE

8
 BONUS = 0

END IF

GAJI = <JAMKERJA * 20000> + BONUS

PRINT NAMA$, JAMKERJA, GAJI

NEXT I

END

DATA LALA, 20, LULU, 22, LOLO, 18

 Data Input

 Data output

9
III. PRINT, LPRINT, PRINT TAB, PRINT SPC,
PRINT USING, IF THEN ELSE

III.1. The PRINT statement - Writing data to the screen

The print statement is used to write data on the screen.

You can write:

 Numbers
 Characters, Sentences, Texts

 The contents of memory variables and constants

Note: Characters and sentences are written within inverted commas(" "). What
is written within inverted commas is displayed as is during run time.

The following examples illustrate the different ways to use the PRINT
statement:

Code Screen Output Comment

PRINT "5" 5 Writing character 5 to the
screen.
 
PRINT 5  5 Writing number 5 to the
screen.
 
PRINT 5  5 Note the space before the
PRINT "5" 5 number 5 in the first line.
  BASIC always puts a space
for +/- signs when printing a
number.
PRINT "5 + 7" 5+7 What is within inverted

10
   commas is written as is.
PRINT 5 + 7  12 Writing the sum of 5 and 7 to
  the screen
PRINT 6 * 7  42 The * sign is used for
  multiplication.
PRINT 12 / 4  3 The / sign is used for division.
 
PRINT 8 - 3  5  
 
a=3  3 a, b, c and d are memory
b=4  4 variables. 
c=a+b  7 The value 3 is assigned to
d=a*b  12 memory variable a.
PRINT a The value 4 is assigned to
PRINT b memory variable b.
PRINT c In the 3rd line, the computer
PRINT d looks assigns the sum of
  memory variables a and b to
memory variable c.
In the 4th line the computer
looks assigns the product of
memory variables a and b to
memory variable d.
In line 5, the computer looks
for the value of memory
variable a and writes it to the
screen.
a=3 a Did you expect to get 3 on the
PRINT "a" screen? Don't forget that
  whatever is within inverted
commas is written as is.

11
 The correct code should be:

a=3
PRINT a

PRINT prints things to the screen. Don't forget to put what you want to say in
double-quotation marks (").

Press any key to continue?

At the bottom of the screen you will see a message "Press any key to
continue". Press <Enter> to get back to QBASIC. This is QBASIC's way of
giving you enough time to see what your program did.

As a cool shortcut, use ? for PRINT. Try it. Press <Enter> to start typing on a
new line. Now type this:

? "Programming is fun."
and press <Enter> again.

Isn't that nice? The ? becomes the word PRINT. That should save us a lot of
typing in the long run.

You can try running the program again (remember? Click on Run, then Start
on the menu). You should see something like this:

C:\WINDOWS> qbasic
Welcome to QBASIC. Your wish is my command.
Welcome to QBASIC. Your wish is my command.
Programming is fun.

PRINT Statement

Tujuan : Untuk menampilkan data berupa teks atau angka pada layar monitor

Bentuk : PRINT [list of expressions][;]

12
? [list of expressions][;]

Ket : List of expressions dapat diisi berupa numeric(angka) atau karakter

(huruf) sesuai yang diinginkan

Contoh:X=5Print x+5, x-5,x*(-5)

End

Hasilnya: 10 0-25

Cls

Locate 5, 15

Print “BELAJAR QUICK BASIC”

End

Hasilnya : BELAJAR QUICK BASIC

For x = 1 to 5

J=j+5

K=k+10

? j;k;

next x

Hasilnya: 5 10 10 20 15 30 20 40 25 50

13
III.2. PRINT TAB(X)

Digunakan untuk mengatur jarak ekspresi ke ekspresi berikutnya pada satu

baris pencetakan atau memungkinkan kita mengatur mulai kolom keberapa
hasil dicetak.

B. U. PRINT TAB (n) [{;II,} TAB(m) I ekspresi [{;II,} …]]

Contoh :

PRINT TAB(5) ; “BELAJAR” Output dari program tsb :

PRINT TAB(3) ; “ BAHASA” 01234567

PRINT “ BASIC” BELAJAR

END BAHASA

BASIC

III.3. PRINT SPC(X)

In Microsoft QuickBasic Versions 4.00, 4.00b, and 4.50, Microsoft Basic

Compiler Versions 6.00 and 6.00b, and Microsoft Basic PDS Version
7.00, the SPC() function does not cause output to wrap around to the next
line(s). In QuickBasic Version 3.00, the SPC() function wraps to the next
line.

For comparison, the SPACE$() function wraps to the next line in all
versions.

The nonwrapping behavior of the SPC() function is an intentional feature

in QuickBasic Versions 4.00, 4.00b, and 4.50, Basic compiler Versions
6.00 and 6.00b, and Microsoft Basic PDS Version 7.00. If the value given
to the SPC() function is greater than the defined screen width, the spacing

14
 will be: <desired spacing> MOD <width>. For example, the following line
would actually print "Hello" in column 3 of the same line:
PRINT SPC(83);"Hello"

The documentation on this function is incomplete and will be corrected.

Microsoft will post new information here as it becomes available.

In the following code example, both outputs will incorrectly be on the

same line:
REM *** SPC() problem example ***
CLS : LOCATE 1,1 : PRINT " XXX"
LOCATE 1,1 : PRINT SPC(80); "Hello";
END

The SPC(80) function should force the "Hello" literal to be displayed on

the second line. The SPACE$() function can be used to simulate the line
wrap, when given the space (Hex 20) character. Note that the SPACE$()
function overwrites any screen information that comes in its path with the
new SPACE$() character.

III.4. PRINT USING

english
The PRINT USING statement is not designed to print the values of an
expression list in the 14-character print zones. Instead, it ignores the
comma and treats it like a semicolon. In QuickBasic version 4.50, the
syntax checker correctly changes the comma to a semicolon. However,
several manuals (listed below) and the online help system incorrectly state
that the comma is syntactically legal.

To work around this restriction of PRINT USING and to allow printing at

the next print zone (at every 14th character), you can do the following: end
the PRINT USING statement with a semicolon, then follow with a PRINT

15
 statement that just has a comma as an argument, and then PRINT the next
item desired to be in the next print zone. For example:

x = 33.45
PRINT USING "###.##"; x; ' Prints x, keeping cursor on same line.
PRINT , ' Moves cursor to next print zone on same line.
PRINT x ' x prints on same line at column 14, the next print zone.

Documentation Errors
The incorrect syntax for the PRINT USING statement is as follows:

PRINT USING formatstring; expressionlist [{,|;}]

The incorrect definition for the PRINT USING statement is as follows:

The position of each printed item is determined by the punctuation used to

separate the items in the list. Basic divides the line into print zones of 14
spaces each. In the expression list, a comma makes the next value print at
the start of the next zone. A semicolon makes the next value print
immediately after the last value.

This incorrect syntax or definition is given in each of the following

references:

1. Page 275 of the "Microsoft Basic 7.0: Basic Language Reference" for
Microsoft Basic PDS versions 7.00 and 7.10
2. Page 335 of the "Microsoft QuickBasic 4.0: Basic Language
Reference" for QuickBasic 4.00 and 4.00b

3. Page 287 of the "Microsoft QuickBasic: Basic Language Reference"

for QuickBasic 4.50

4. Page 335 of the "Microsoft Basic Compiler 6.0: Basic Language

Reference" for Microsoft Basic Compiler versions 6.00 and 6.00b

16
5. The online help system for Microsoft QuickBasic 4.50 under the entry
for PRINT USING statement

6. The online help system for Basic PDS 7.00 under the entry for the
PRINT USING statement

The following is a code example that demonstrates that PRINT USING

treats commas as if they were semicolons. When run in the [Link] or
[Link] environment, the code example will correctly and automatically
substitute a semicolon between the variables "a" and "b" for the comma:
a=3.45
b=5.23
PRINT USING "##.##";a,b

The output is as follows:

3.45 5.23

Indonesia

Digunakan untuk menampilkan informasi yang berupa nilai variabel

dengan format yang rapi, biasanya digunakan dalam pencetakan tabel-
tabel.

B. U. PRINT USING Format Tampilan; Deret Ekspresi

Ket : - Format menunjukkan format pencetakan yang berupa

ekspresi

string yang berisi sejumlah karakter

- Deret Ekspresi adalah ungkapan yang nilainya akan

dicetak

Tabel parameter Format dalam PRINT USING

Forma Digunakan untuk:

17
t

# Menampilkan nilai numerik biasa dengan digit sebanyak tanda

(#)

\ \ Menampilkan nilai string sejumlah spasi diantara tanda backslash

^^^^ Mencetak bilangan riil presisi tunggal dan atau presisi ganda
menggunakan format saintifik

+# Menampilkan tanda (+) pada nilai positif untuk nilai numerik

-# Menampilkan tanda (-) pada nilai negatif pada sebuah nilai

numerik

$# Menampilkan tanda ($) pada awal nilai numerik

**# Menampilkan tanda (*) pada sisa spasi yang kosong diawal nilai
numerik

#, Menentukan bahwa pemisah untuk digit ribuan adalah tanda

koma

#.# Menentukan tanda pecahan desimal

! Hanya menampilkan karakter pertama dari string

& Menampilkan seluruh karakter dari string

_ Menampilkan karakter dibelakang tanda garis bawah tersebut

sebagai karakter biasa

Contoh : NAMA$ = “Maria Herjani”

N = 95.65

PRINT USING “ NAMA : \ \ NILAI ###.## “;

NAMA$,N

Ket : \ \ 7 karakter diisi dengan 7 huruf sesuai dengan spasi tanda

tsb.

Output : Maria H NILAI 95.65

18
III.5. LPRINT

Syntax:

LPRINT [expressionlist][;|,]
Purpose:

To send output to the printer located on LPT1.

LPRINT functions the same way as PRINT, except the output is sent to a
printer instead of the screen. LPRINT will accept the same parameters that
PRINT will, such as variables (numbers and string expressions), static text,
and multiple combinations of each:

LPRINT "Welcome to the QBasic Station"

LPRINT a$
LPRINT a$ + b$
LPRINT a + b
LPRINT "A + B = "; a + b
LPRINT "Welcome to the QBasic Station, "; name$
LPRINT "I am "; name$; " whether you like it or not!"
LPRINT "Item #", num, " will cost $"; price

A comma, when used to tie expressions together, will cause the expression
after the comma to be printed at the next available tab stop. Using the
semicolon instead of the comma will cause the next expression to be printed
immediately after the previous. Notice in the above exampes that whitespace
is inserted to result in readable spacing.

Since LPRINT will produce relatively identical output on the printer as

PRINT will on the monitor, the PRINT command can be substituted for
LPRINT if any adjustments need to be made to what is being printed. It saves
time and paper!

19
 LPRINT defaults to a column width of 80 characters. The WIDTH statement
can be used to change this default.

III.6. IF...THEN

English

Let's make that last program a little smarter. I want to be able to identify
intruders playing with my programs. Wouldn't it be great if the computer
could recognize someone's name and print a special message for them? How
about this:

CLS
INPUT "Enter your name: ", Name$
IF Name$="Mike" THEN
PRINT "Go Away!"
ELSE
PRINT "Hello, "; Name$; ". How are you today?"
END IF

You can change the Name$="Mike" to Name$="Joe", or whoever you want to

go away (like a brother or sister). Run the program and type in your name
(hopefully it isn't Mike). You should see the same old message as before. Now
run it again and try entering "Mike" (or "Joe" or whatever you changed it to).

"Mike" Is Not The Same As "mike"

If it didn't tell the right person to go away, make sure you typed the name
correctly. In QBASIC, "Mike" is not the same as "mike", so if you don't type
the first letter in upper-case, the program won't work. Make sure you enter the
name exactly the way you put it in the program.

IF...THEN

The "IF..THEN..ELSE..END IF" statement in this program checks to see if

Name$ has "Mike" in it. If so, then it does the PRINT statement after the

20
"THEN". If Name$ isn't "Mike", it does the PRINT statement after the
"ELSE". "END IF" tells QBASIC that the "IF" is over.

Conditions

The Name$="Mike" portion of the IF...THEN is called the "condition". With

numbers you can also check for "greater than" and "less than":

CLS
INPUT "Enter a number: ", Number
IF Number < 100 THEN
PRINT "Your number was less than 100"
ELSE
PRINT "Your number was greater than or equal to 100"
END IF

If you want to check for "greater than", use "Number > 100". Equals works
just like before, "Number = 100". Another option is "not equal" which can be
done like this: "Number <> 100".

IF...THEN is one of the most powerful features of QBASIC. Using IF...THEN

can make your programs very interesting. It lets your program make decisions
and do something appropriate.

Indonesia

 Statement IF-THEN digunakan untuk memeriksa sebuah kondisi dan

mengeksekusi satu atau lebih baris program, jika dan hanya jika kondisi
terpenuhi.
 Instruksi IF-THEN dengan syarat tunggal, merupakan instruksi untuk
memeriksa sebuah kondisi saja.
 Instruksi IF-THEN dengan syarat majemuk, merupakan sebuah instruksi
untuk memeriksa lebih dari satu buah kondisi. Kondisi-kondisi tersebut
dihubungkan dengan operator-operator logika, seperti AND atau OR.

21
 Statement IF-THEN juga digunakan untuk memeriksa kondisi dari data
string. Apabila kondisinya terpenuhi maka baris-baris program akan
[Link] pemeriksaan kondisi data string digunakan operator
relasi yang akan mendeteksi nilai ASCII dari data tersebut.

Dengan IF...THEN...ELSE, pemrograman dapat mengatur tindakan yang

akan dilakukan kalau kondisi bernilai benar ataupun tindakan yang akan
dijalankan kalau kondisi salah.

Bentuk umum IF...THEN...ELSE dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok :

1. IF...THEN...ELSE Satu baris

2. IF...THEN...ELSE Banyak baris

 IF...THEN...ELSE Satu Baris

Di dalam program jika kita menjumpai dua kemungkinan atau pilihan

pencabangan, kita bisa menggunakan IF...THEN...ELSE satu baris.

Bentuk Umum :

IF kondisi THEN { statement1 │nobar1 │GOTO label1 }

[ ELSE { statement2 │ nobar2 │ GOTO label2 } ]

dengan parameter-parameternya :

Kondisi : syarat yang akan ditest

statement1,

statement2 : statement yang akan dikerjakan

nobar1, nobar2 : nomor baris yang dituju

22
 label1, label2 : label baris yang dituju

Parameter :

 kondisi atau syarat yang ditest dinyatakan dengan operator relasi atau
operator pembanding (<, <=, =, >=, >, < >).
 Nobar1, dan nobar2 menunjukkan label baris yang berupa angka
 Label1, dan label2 menunjukkan label baris yang berupa label
alphanumeris (diawali dengan huruf)

Bentuk umum diatas bisa dijelaskan sebagai berikut :

 Jika kondisi bernilai benar, maka salah satu dari tiga pilihan dibelakang
statement THEN akan dikerjakan.
 Jika kondisi salah, maka salah satu dari tiga pilihan dibelakang statement
ELSE akan dikejakan.
 Jika statement ELSE tidak ditulis maka proses eksekusi langsung akan
melompat ke baris dibawah statement IF.

Bagan alir IF satu baris

23
 Menghitung Menghitung
nilai kondisi
nilai kondisi
inilai kondisi
Tidak Kondisi Ya Tidak Kondisi Ya

Dipenuhi Dipenuhi
Kerjakan Kerjakan Kerjakan
? ?
statement Statemen2 Statement1

Ke statement berikutnya Ke statement berikutnya

a b

Gambar a. Tanpa statement ELSE

b. Dengan statement ELSE

Contoh :

1. IF i >= kali THEN 20

2. IF ( i <= 100 ) AND ( i >= 80 ) THEN PRINT i
3. IF ( i >= 100 ) OR ( i <= 80 ) THEN PRINT i
4. IF i >= kali THEN GOTO 20 ELSE kali = kali + 1
5. CLS
INPUT “Total Pembelian :” , TotalBeli

Korting = 0

IF TotalBeli >= 100000 THEN Korting = .1 * TotalBeli ElSE Korting = 0

PRINT “Korting = “ ; Korting

END

Dalam Penulisan statement IF...THEN...ELSE satu baris, semua

parameter harus ditulis menjadi satu baris statement.

24
  IF...THEN...ELSE Banyak baris

Di dalam program jika kita menjumpai lebih dari dua kemungkinan atau
lebih pilihan pencabangan, kita bisa menggunakan IF...THEN...ELSE banyak
baris.

4 aturan penggunaan blok IF...THEN...ELSE yaitu :

1. Di belakang statement THEN tidak boleh ada statement apapun selain

baris komentar. Jika anda menuliskan sesuatu statement, kompiler akan
menganggapnya sebagai statement IF...THEN...ELSE satu baris.

2. Kata ELSE, ELSEIF dan END IF hanya boleh diawali dengan nomor
baris atau label baris. Jika tidak, maka kata ini harus merupakan kata
awal dari baris tersebut.

3. Blok IF harus terletak sebagai statement pertama dalam suatu baris.

4. Blok harus diakhiri dengan END IF.

Bentuk Umum :

IF kondisi1 THEN

Statement1

[ ELSEIF kondisi2 THEN

[ statement2 ] ]

[ ELSE

[ statementn ] ]

25
 END IF

dengan parameter-parameternya :

kondisi1,

kondisi2, … : syarat yang harus ditest

statement1,

statement2, … : blok statement yang akan dikerjakan sesuai

dengan kondisi yang dipenuhi.

Bentuk umum diatas bisa dijelaskan sebagai berikut :

 Jika kondisi1 bernilai benar, blok statement1 akan dikerjakan diteruskan ke

statement IF.
 Jika kondisi1 bernilai salah, kompiler akan mentest [Link] bernilai
benar, maka blok statement2 akan dikerjakan, diteruskan ke statement
END IF. Dst
Contoh :

CLS

PRINT “1. Nasi Soto Ayam”

PRINT “2. Nasi Rames”

INPUT “Pilihan (1..2) : “, Pil%

IF PIL% = 1 THEN

PRINT “Nasi Soto Ayam”

ELSEIF PIL% = 2 THEN

PRINT “Nasi Rames”

ELSE

26
 PRINT “Pilihan Anda tidak dimengerti”

END IF

END

27
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 [Link]
dengan-QBasic on May, 5 2010 21:34

 [Link] on May, 5 2010 21:45

 [Link]
nt+I-O&Percabangan(Minggu+Ke+III).doc on May, 6 2010 21:09

 [Link] on May, 6 2010 21:12

 [Link]
ntKendali(Minggu+ke+VII).doc on May, 6 2010 21:32

 [Link] on May, 7
2010 22:55

 [Link]
[Link] on May, 7 2010 23:03

 [Link] on
May, 8 2010 09:12

 [Link]
on May, 8 2010 09:20

 [Link] 9.36 on May, 8 2010

09:24

28