package oop;

/*

Data Types in Java

Java is a statically typed language, meaning every variable must have a declared type.

Java provides two main categories of data types:

1. Primitive Data Types

2. Non-Primitive Data Types

---

## 1. Primitive Data Types

Primitive data types are the basic types of data built into the Java language.

They are predefined by Java and stored directly in memory for efficient access.

| Data Type | Size (Bytes) | Default Value | Description |

|-----------|--------------|---------------|------------------------------------------|

| byte | 1 | 0 | 8-bit integer (-128 to 127) |

| short | 2 | 0 | 16-bit integer (-32,768 to 32,767) |

| int | 4 | 0 | 32-bit integer (-2^31 to 2^31-1) |

| long | 8 | 0L | 64-bit integer (-2^63 to 2^63-1) |

| float | 4 | 0.0f | 32-bit floating point (single precision) |

| double | 8 | 0.0d | 64-bit floating point (double precision) |

| char | 2 | '\u0000' | 16-bit Unicode character |

| boolean | 1 (depends on JVM) | false | Represents `true` or `false` |

---

## 2. Non-Primitive Data Types

Non-primitive data types are more complex and store references rather than actual values. These include:

### A. Strings

A sequence of characters enclosed in double quotes (`" "`).

String name = "Java Programming";

### B. Arrays

A collection of elements of the same data type.

int[] numbers = {10, 20, 30, 40};

### C. Classes

Classes define user-defined data types.

class Person {

String name;

int age;

}

### D. Interfaces

Interfaces define abstract behavior for classes to implement.

interface Animal {

void makeSound();

}

### E. Enums

A special data type to define a fixed set of constants.

enum Days { MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY, SUNDAY }

---

## Key Differences Between Primitive and Non-Primitive Data Types

| Feature | Primitive Data Type | Non-Primitive Data Type |

|------------|----------------------|-----------------------------------------|

| Stored In | Stack Memory | Heap Memory (reference stored in Stack) |

| Value Type | Stores actual values | Stores memory references |

| Predefined | Yes, defined by Java | No, created by users (except `String`) |

| Operations | Supports arithmetic and logical operations | Requires method-based manipulations |

---

## Conclusion

Java provides a rich set of data types to handle different types of data efficiently.

Understanding these types is crucial for writing efficient and error-free Java programs.

*/

public class P3_DataTypes {

public static void main(String[] args) {

//Examples of Primitive Data Types:

byte b = 127;

short s = 32000;

int i = 100000;

long l = 10000000000L;

float f = 3.14f;

double d = 3.141592653589793;

char c = 'A';

boolean bool = true;

System.out.println("Byte Datatype Min Value : "+Byte.MIN_VALUE+" Max Value : "+Byte.MAX_VALUE+" Size in bit : "+Byte.SIZE+" Size in byte : "+Byte.BYTES);

System.out.println("Short Datatype Min Value : "+Short.MIN_VALUE+" Max Value : "+Short.MAX_VALUE+" Size in bit : "+Short.SIZE+" Size in byte : "+Short.BYTES);

System.out.println("Integer Datatype Min Value : "+Integer.MIN_VALUE+" Max Value : "+Integer.MAX_VALUE+" Size in bit : "+Integer.SIZE+" Size in byte : "+Integer.BYTES);

System.out.println("Long Datatype Min Value : "+Long.MIN_VALUE+" Max Value : "+Long.MAX_VALUE+" Size in bit : "+Long.SIZE+" Size in byte : "+Long.BYTES);

System.out.println("Float Datatype Min Value : "+Float.MIN_VALUE+" Max Value : "+Float.MAX_VALUE+" Size in bit : "+Float.SIZE+" Size in byte : "+Float.BYTES);

System.out.println("Double Datatype Min Value : "+Double.MIN_VALUE+" Max Value : "+Double.MAX_VALUE+" Size in bit : "+Double.SIZE+" Size in byte : "+Double.BYTES);

System.out.println("Character Datatype Min Value : "+" Max Value : "+" Size in bit : "+Character.SIZE+" Size in byte : "+Character.BYTES);

System.out.println("Boolean TRUE value: " + Boolean.TRUE);

System.out.println("Boolean FALSE value: " + Boolean.FALSE);

System.out.println("Boolean Type: " + Boolean.TYPE);

System.out.println("Parse 'true' as Boolean: " + Boolean.parseBoolean("true"));

System.out.println("Parse 'false' as Boolean: " + Boolean.parseBoolean("false"));

System.out.println("Convert 'TRUE' String to Boolean Object: " + Boolean.valueOf("TRUE"));

System.out.println("Convert 'False' String to Boolean Object: " + Boolean.valueOf("False"));

}

}