3 LROR 7 VW RRNO W

⑰ 8 0 1DP -

,I F PLFDO VL DOV L W F WRSODVP FR WURO W SUR U VVLR RI D F OO WR W 0 S DV RI W F OO F FO W

I VLR RI D F OO L LW D F OO L DUO 0 S DV R OG PRVW OLN O U V OW L W

U SOLFDWLR RI F URPRVRP V R O L W F OO

LWL RI ERW F OOV IURP W F OO F FO D G L WR W S DV

FR G VDWLR RI F URPDWL L SU SDUDWLR RI FO DU GL LVLR L ERW F OOV

WUD VI U RI RU D OO V IURP W F OO WR W F OO L W 0 S DV

4
#1-4 ·

(W O LV D RU D LF FRPSR G SURG F G E ULS L IU LWV , D FR WUROO G S ULP W U V DUF UV IR G

W DW W O DV VWLP ODW G W ULS L SURF VV L O DU VW G IU LWV LF RI W IROOR L G VFULE V
W PRVW OLN O FR FWLR E W DW UDO W O SURG FWLR D G IU LW ULS L

V D U V OW RI P WDEROLF L DFWL LW O DU VW G IU LWV DU DEO WR DEVRUE W O DV IURP W

DWPRVS U

(W O DV LV D F PLFDO VL DO W UR LF ULS L IU LWV WUL UW ULS L SURF VV L RW U IU LWV

FD V RI RUPDO S RW SLF DULDWLR R O VRP RI W IU LWV L D L UDWLR DU S FW G WR

SURG F W O DV

7 UDW RI W O DV SURG FWLR E ULS L IU LWV LV D L GLFDWRU RI W U ODWL D RI D FRV VW P

ripening

ethilene ↓
this

&
causes
more
ethilene
RS UL W 7 ROO RDUG 7 V PDW ULDOV DU SDUW RI D ROO
VF RRO©V SDUWLFLSDWLR L W SUR UDP LV SUR LELW G
RDUG SUR UDP 8V RU GLVWULE WLR RI W V PDW ULDOV R OL RU L SUL W E R G R U
3D RI to br
released
 3 LROR 7 VW RRNO W

8 0

7 IL U DER V R V D PRG O RI D OL D G SU F UVRU E L FO D G WR SURG F D DFWL OL D G W DW EL GV

WR D VS FLILF U F SWRU LF RI W IROOR L LV PRVW OLN O WR U G F W EL GL RI W DFWL OL D G WR LWV
U F SWRU

F D L W F WRVN O WDO DWWDF P W RI WUD VP PEUD SURW L V

7 SU V F RI D ODU DPR W RI W SU F UVRU IRUP RI W OL D G

L FU DV L W UDWLR RI W PE U RI VDW UDW G WR W PE U RI VDW UDW G IDWW DFLG WDLOV RI W

P PEUD OLSLGV

P WDWLR L W U F SWRU W DW FD V V D V EVWLW WLR RI D F DU G DPL R DFLG IRU D R SRODU DPL R DFLG
L W OL D G EL GL VLW RI W U F SWRU

LF RI W IROOR L LV WU RI PLWRVLV

,W LV DOVR N R DV F WRNL VLV

,W PDL WDL V W VDP F URPRVRP PE U L W GD W U F OOV DV L W SDU W F OO

,W LV W ODVW S DV RI L W US DV

,W U ODW V W WUD VI U RI WLF L IRUPDWLR IURP R GD W U F OO WR D RW U

,W PR V RPROR R V F URPRVRP V WR RSSRVLW SRO V

RS UL W 7 ROO RDUG 7 V PDW ULDOV DU SDUW RI D ROO RDUG SUR UDP 8V RU GLVWULE WLR RI W V PDW ULDOV R OL RU L SUL W E R G R U
VF RRO©V SDUWLFLSDWLR L W SUR UDP LV SUR LELW G
3D RI
 3 LROR 7 VW RRNO W

8 0

1 U SOLFDWLR RFF UV

G UL W 6 S DV RI W F OO F FO

DV W FO DU ORS EU DNV GR L DUO PLWRVLV

G UL PLWRVLV E W RW G UL P LRVLV

L D LPDO F OOV E W RW L SOD W F OOV

R O L F OOV G VWL G WR E FRP DP W V

7 U ODWL DPR W RI L D F OO DW DULR V VWD V RI W F OO F FO LV V R L )L U

)L U PR W RI S U F OO G UL GLII U W VWD V RI W F OO F FO U ODWL WR W E L L RI W

VWD
LF RI W IROOR L E VW G VFULE V R W DPR W RI L W F OO F D V G UL S DV

RS UL W 7 ROO RDUG 7 V PDW ULDOV DU SDUW RI D ROO RDUG SUR UDP 8V RU GLVWULE WLR RI W V PDW ULDOV R OL RU L SUL W E R G R U
VF RRO©V SDUWLFLSDWLR L W SUR UDP LV SUR LELW G
3D RI
 3 LROR 7 VW RRNO W

8 0

7 DPR W RI GR EO V DV W LV U SOLFDW G

7 DPR W RI VOL WO L FU DV V DV D U V OW RI RU D OO V W VLV

7 DPR W RI GR V RW F D LO W F OO UR V

7 DPR W RI LV DO G DV W F OO GL LG V L WR W R GD W U F OOV

D F U FD U V OW IURP D DUL W RI GLII U W P WDWLR DO WV LF RI W IROOR L LV ( 67 OLN O WR

U V OW L W L LWLDWLR RI D FD F UR V W PRU

U F SWRU P WDWLR U V OWV L DFWL DWLR RI D F OO GL LVLR SDW D L W DEV F RI W DSSURSULDW OL D G

P WDWLR U V OWV L W ORVV RI W DELOLW WR SURG F D W PRU V SSU VVRU SURW L

G I FW L D F OO F FO F FNSRL W SU WV D F OO IURP W UL W 6 S DV

WW D DS DV F FNSRL W V SDUDWLR RI F URPDWLGV RFF UV LW R W DOO F WURP U V E L DWWDF G WR

NL WRF RU PLFURW E O V IURP ERW SRO V

RS UL W 7 ROO RDUG 7 V PDW ULDOV DU SDUW RI D ROO RDUG SUR UDP 8V RU GLVWULE WLR RI W V PDW ULDOV R OL RU L SUL W E R G R U
VF RRO©V SDUWLFLSDWLR L W SUR UDP LV SUR LELW G
3D RI
Proto Oncogenes & Tumor Suppressor Genes
Proto Oncogenes & Oncogenes
Proto Oncogenes & Oncogenes
Tumor Suppressor Gene
Tumor Suppressor Gene: p53
 3 LROR 7 VW RRNO W

8 0

)L U V R VW PE U RI F URPRVRP V REV U G L D DFWL O GL LGL PD F OO DW DF VWD RI

F OO GL LVLR

)L U 1 PE U RI F URPRVRP V L D PD F OO DW GLII U W VWD V RI F OO GL LVLR

LF RI W IROOR L SU V WV D FRUU FW L W USU WDWLR RI W F D V L F URPRVRP PE U G SLFW G L
)L U

U SOLFDWLR RFF UV E W P WDS DV D G D DS DV GR EOL W PE U RI F URPRVRP V W

W ORS DV D G F WRNL VLV W F OO GL LG V L W R LW DF F OO U F L L DOI RI W U SOLFDW G
F URPRVRP V

1 F URPRVRP V IRUP G G UL SURS DV DU GR EO G G UL D DS DV D G DU U FRPEL G E IRU

F WRNL VLV

URPRVRP V W U P WDS DV FR WDL L W R F URPDWLGV DWWDF G E D F WURP U UL D DS DV W

F URPDWLGV DU V SDUDW G DF E FRPL D F URPRVRP WRNL VLV GLVWULE W V W F URPRVRP V L WR W R
V SDUDW F OOV

W D DS DV D F OO FR WDL V W R LG WLFDO FRSL V RI DF F URPRVRP E W IROOR L W ORS DV R RI W

FRSL V LV EURN GR L WR FO RWLG V

DPD G WLVV U O DV V F PLFDOV W DW DFWL DW SODW O WV D G VWLP ODW W IRUPDWLR RI EORRG FORWV LF
RI W IROOR L SU GLFWLR V DER W W DFWL LW RI SODW O WV E VW G VFULE V D SRVLWL I GEDFN P F D LVP

RS UL W 7 ROO RDUG 7 V PDW ULDOV DU SDUW RI D ROO RDUG SUR UDP 8V RU GLVWULE WLR RI W V PDW ULDOV R OL RU L SUL W E R G R U
VF RRO©V SDUWLFLSDWLR L W SUR UDP LV SUR LELW G
3D RI
 3 LROR 7 VW RRNO W

8 0

FWL DW G SODW O WV U O DV F PLFDOV W DW L LELW EORRG FORW IRUPDWLR

FWL DW G SODW O WV U O DV VL DOL PRO F O V W DW L LELW F OO GL LVLR L GDPD G WLVV

FWL DW G SODW O WV FR VWULFW W EORRG VV OV VWRSSL EORRG IOR

FWL DW G SODW O WV U O DV F PLFDOV W DW DFWL DW PRU SODW O WV

7 SL S UL VL DOL SDW D SOD V D URO L U ODWL O FRV RP RVWDVLV L P VFO F OOV 7 VL DOL
SDW D LV DFWL DW G E W EL GL RI SL S UL WR W E WD DGU U LF U F SWRU VLPSOLIL G PRG O RI W
SL S UL VL DOL SDW D LV U SU V W G L )L U

)L U VLPSOLIL G PRG O RI W SL S UL VL DOL SDW D L P VFO F OOV

DV G R )L U LF RI W IROOR L VWDW P WV E VW G VFULE V W SL S UL VL DOL SDW D

RS UL W 7 ROO RDUG 7 V PDW ULDOV DU SDUW RI D ROO RDUG SUR UDP 8V RU GLVWULE WLR RI W V PDW ULDOV R OL RU L SUL W E R G R U
VF RRO©V SDUWLFLSDWLR L W SUR UDP LV SUR LELW G
3D RI
 3 LROR 7 VW RRNO W

8 0

,W L RO V W RS L D G FORVL RI LR F D OV

, L RO V P V DFWL DWL RW U P V

,W L RO V F D VL W SU VVLR RI WDU W V

,W L RO V SURWR V PR L GR D FR F WUDWLR UDGL W

LF RI W IROOR L R WFRP V LOO PRVW OLN O U V OW IURP W LUU UVLEO EL GL RI WR W

SURW L

7 L WUDF OO ODU FR F WUDWLR RI O FR LOO L FU DV

7 L WUDF OO ODU FR F WUDWLR RI DFWL DW G SURW L NL DV LOO L FU DV

7 L WUDF OO ODU FR F WUDWLR RI F FOLF LOO L FU DV

7 L WUDF OO ODU FR F WUDWLR RI O FRV S RVS DW LOO L FU DV

FOLF S RVS RGL VW UDV LV D P W DW FDWDO V W FR UVLR RI F FOLF WR D GLII U W

PRO F O LF RI W IROOR L E VW SU GLFWV W II FW RI L LELWL F FOLF S RVS RGL VW UDV L D
P VFO F OO VWLP ODW G E SL S UL

7 FR F WUDWLR RI F FOLF LOO G FU DV E FD V DG O O F FODV LOO R OR U E DFWL DW G

7 SURW L LOO GLII V R W RI W F OO E FD V LW LOO R OR U EL G WR W SODVPD P PEUD

3 RVS RU ODV NL DV LOO U PDL DFWL E FD V SURW L NL DV LOO R OR U E G DFWL DW G

O FRO VLV LOO VWRS E FD V SL S UL VL DOL LOO R OR U VWLP ODW O FR EU DNGR

RS UL W 7 ROO RDUG 7 V PDW ULDOV DU SDUW RI D ROO RDUG SUR UDP 8V RU GLVWULE WLR RI W V PDW ULDOV R OL RU L SUL W E R G R U
VF RRO©V SDUWLFLSDWLR L W SUR UDP LV SUR LELW G
3D RI
 3 LROR 7 VW RRNO W

8 0

,W L RO V W RS L D G FORVL RI LR F D OV

, L RO V P V DFWL DWL RW U P V

,W L RO V F D VL W SU VVLR RI WDU W V

,W L RO V SURWR V PR L GR D FR F WUDWLR UDGL W

LF RI W IROOR L R WFRP V LOO PRVW OLN O U V OW IURP W LUU UVLEO EL GL RI WR W

SURW L

7 L WUDF OO ODU FR F WUDWLR RI O FR LOO L FU DV

7 L WUDF OO ODU FR F WUDWLR RI DFWL DW G SURW L NL DV LOO L FU DV

7 L WUDF OO ODU FR F WUDWLR RI F FOLF LOO L FU DV

7 L WUDF OO ODU FR F WUDWLR RI O FRV S RVS DW LOO L FU DV

FOLF S RVS RGL VW UDV LV D P W DW FDWDO V W FR UVLR RI F FOLF WR D GLII U W

PRO F O LF RI W IROOR L E VW SU GLFWV W II FW RI L LELWL F FOLF S RVS RGL VW UDV L D
P VFO F OO VWLP ODW G E SL S UL

7 FR F WUDWLR RI F FOLF LOO G FU DV E FD V DG O O F FODV LOO R OR U E DFWL DW G

7 SURW L LOO GLII V R W RI W F OO E FD V LW LOO R OR U EL G WR W SODVPD P PEUD

3 RVS RU ODV NL DV LOO U PDL DFWL E FD V SURW L NL DV LOO R OR U E G DFWL DW G

O FRO VLV LOO VWRS E FD V SL S UL VL DOL LOO R OR U VWLP ODW O FR EU DNGR

RS UL W 7 ROO RDUG 7 V PDW ULDOV DU SDUW RI D ROO RDUG SUR UDP 8V RU GLVWULE WLR RI W V PDW ULDOV R OL RU L SUL W E R G R U
VF RRO©V SDUWLFLSDWLR L W SUR UDP LV SUR LELW G
3D RI
 3 LROR 7 VW RRNO W

8 0

(SL S UL LV D SURW L RUPR IR G L PD D LPDOV (SL S UL VWLP ODW V D VL DOL SDW D W DW

U V OWV L W EU DNGR RI O FR WR O FRV L W OL U F OOV LF RI W IROOR L G VFULE V W
L LWLDO VW SV L W SURF VV U E SL S UL VWLP ODW V O FR EU DNGR

(SL S UL EL GV WR D F OO V UIDF U F SWRU W DFWL DW G U F SWRU VWLP ODW V SURG FWLR RI W V FR G

P VV U

(SL S UL EL GV WR D F OO V UIDF U F SWRU W DFWL DW G U F SWRU FDWDO VW FR UVLR RI O FR WR

O FRV

(SL S UL GLII V V W UR W SODVPD P PEUD W RUPR GLP UL V L W F WRVRO

(SL S UL LV WDN L WR W F OO E GRF WRVLV O FR LV FR UW G WR O FRV L W GRF WRWLF

VLFO

)L U LV D SURSRV G PRG O RI W I GEDFN V VW P FR WUROOL U W URF W U G EORRG F OO SURG FWLR

)L U 0RG O RI U W URF W SURG FWLR FR WURO

LU LV O VV G V DW U L O DWLR V VR O VV R LV D DLODEO W D L W G V U DLU DW V D O O DV G
R W PRG O L )L U LI D S UVR WUD OV IURP V D O O WR D L O DWLR ORFDWLR LF RI W
IROOR L FRUU FWO SU GLFWV W U VSR V WR W G FU DV G EORRG R O O

RS UL W 7 ROO RDUG 7 V PDW ULDOV DU SDUW RI D ROO RDUG SUR UDP 8V RU GLVWULE WLR RI W V PDW ULDOV R OL RU L SUL W E R G R U
VF RRO©V SDUWLFLSDWLR L W SUR UDP LV SUR LELW G
3D RI
 3 LROR 7 VW RRNO W

8 0

-
0RU U W URSRL WL LOO E V FU W G IURP W
-
NLG V G FU DVL
-
X SURG FWLR RI U W URF W V

0RU U W URSRL WL LOO E V FU W G IURP W NLG V L FU DVL SURG FWLR RI U W URF W V

- -
-

&
VV U W URSRL WL
-
LOO E V FU W G IURP W NLG V G FU DVL SURG FWLR RI U W URF W V

-
VV U W URSRL WL LOO E V FU W G IURP W NLG V L FU DVL SURG FWLR RI U W URF W V

O FRFRUWLFRLGV DU VW URLG RUPR V W DW FR WURO F OO ODU U VSR V V W UR V UDO GLII U W VL DOL

SDW D V 2 RI W VL DOL SDW D V L RO V W O FRFRUWLFRLG U F SWRU D L WUDF OO ODU SURW L W DW LV
DFWL DW G E EL GL WR D O FRFRUWLFRLG PRO F O VLPSOLIL G PRG O RI W O FRFRUWLFRLG U F SWRU
VL DOL SDW D LV U SU V W G L )L U

)L U VLPSOLIL G PRG O RI W O FRFRUWLFRLG U F SWRU VL DOL SDW D

LF RI W IROOR L VWDW P WV E VW SU GLFWV W II FW RI D P WDWLR W DW U V OWV L D ORVV RI W
O FRFRUWLFRLG U F SWRU©V OL D G EL GL I FWLR

RS UL W 7 ROO RDUG 7 V PDW ULDOV DU SDUW RI D ROO RDUG SUR UDP 8V RU GLVWULE WLR RI W V PDW ULDOV R OL RU L SUL W E R G R U
VF RRO©V SDUWLFLSDWLR L W SUR UDP LV SUR LELW G
3D RI
 Intracellular Receptors
u Some receptor proteins are intracellular, found
in the cytosol or nucleus of target cells
u Small or hydrophobic chemical messengers can
readily cross the membrane and activate
receptors
u Examples of hydrophobic messengers are the
steroid and thyroid hormones of animals
u An activated hormone-receptor complex can act
as a transcription factor, turning on specific
genes
Hormone EXTRACELLULAR
(testosterone) FLUID
Steroid passes
through membrane

Plasma
Receptor
membrane Receptor exists
protein in the cytoplasm
Hormone-
receptor
complex

Hormone/receptor
shuttled to nucleus
and bind to DNA
DNA

mRNA Activates
transcription
of a specific gene
NUCLEUS New protein

Ribosomes translate
mRNA to produce a new
CYTOPLASM protein.
 3 LROR 7 VW RRNO W

8 0

7 WUD VG FWLR RI W O FRFRUWLFRLG VL DO DFURVV W SODVPD P PEUD LOO E EORFN G

7 O FRFRUWLFRLG U F SWRU LOO U PDL DVVRFLDW G LW W DFF VVRU SURW L V

7 UDW RI GLII VLR RI O FRFRUWLFRLG PRO F O V L WR W F OO LOO L FU DV

7 FR F WUDWLR RI O FRFRUWLFRLG U F SWRUV L VLG W FO V LOO L FU DV

, V OL D RUPR V FU W G E SD FU DWLF F OOV VWLP ODW V O FRV SWDN L VN O WDO P VFO F OOV E PRELOL L
O FRV WUD VSRUW U SURW L V 87 WR W SODVPD P PEUD V G SLFW G L )L U EL GL RI L V OL WR W
L V OL U F SWRU WUL UV D L WUDF OO ODU VL DOL FDVFDG L LF F UWDL PRO F O V DFWL DW RW U PRO F O V L D
U OD RI W RUPR VL DO WR F OO WDU WV 2 R WFRP RI W VL DOL FDVFDG LV PRELOL DWLR RI 87 IURP
VLFO VWRUD VLW V L W F WRSODVP WR VLW V DW W F OO V UIDF U 87 DOOR V O FRV WR W U W F OO

, W S GLDE W V W F OO ODU U VSR V WR L V OL LV GLVU SW G D G L GL LG DOV LW W S GLDE W V FD RW SURS UO

U ODW W LU EORRG O FRV O OV , D L VWL DWLR RI W L V OL VL DOL SDW D VDPSO V RI VN O WDO P VFO
U LVRODW G IURP L GL LG DOV R D W S GLDE W V D G IURP L GL LG DOV R GR RW 7 U V OWV RI V UDO
S ULP WV W DW U S UIRUP G R W P VFO VDPSO V DU V R L )L U )L U D G )L U

RS UL W 7 ROO RDUG 7 V PDW ULDOV DU SDUW RI D ROO RDUG SUR UDP 8V RU GLVWULE WLR RI W V PDW ULDOV R OL RU L SUL W E R G R U
VF RRO©V SDUWLFLSDWLR L W SUR UDP LV SUR LELW G
3D RI
 3 LROR 7 VW RRNO W

8 0

7 WUD VG FWLR RI W O FRFRUWLFRLG VL DO DFURVV W SODVPD P PEUD LOO E EORFN G

7 O FRFRUWLFRLG U F SWRU LOO U PDL DVVRFLDW G LW W DFF VVRU SURW L V

7 UDW RI GLII VLR RI O FRFRUWLFRLG PRO F O V L WR W F OO LOO L FU DV

7 FR F WUDWLR RI O FRFRUWLFRLG U F SWRUV L VLG W FO V LOO L FU DV

, V OL D RUPR V FU W G E SD FU DWLF F OOV VWLP ODW V O FRV SWDN L VN O WDO P VFO F OOV E PRELOL L
O FRV WUD VSRUW U SURW L V 87 WR W SODVPD P PEUD V G SLFW G L )L U EL GL RI L V OL WR W
L V OL U F SWRU WUL UV D L WUDF OO ODU VL DOL FDVFDG L LF F UWDL PRO F O V DFWL DW RW U PRO F O V L D
U OD RI W RUPR VL DO WR F OO WDU WV 2 R WFRP RI W VL DOL FDVFDG LV PRELOL DWLR RI 87 IURP
VLFO VWRUD VLW V L W F WRSODVP WR VLW V DW W F OO V UIDF U 87 DOOR V O FRV WR W U W F OO

, W S GLDE W V W F OO ODU U VSR V WR L V OL LV GLVU SW G D G L GL LG DOV LW W S GLDE W V FD RW SURS UO

U ODW W LU EORRG O FRV O OV , D L VWL DWLR RI W L V OL VL DOL SDW D VDPSO V RI VN O WDO P VFO
U LVRODW G IURP L GL LG DOV R D W S GLDE W V D G IURP L GL LG DOV R GR RW 7 U V OWV RI V UDO
S ULP WV W DW U S UIRUP G R W P VFO VDPSO V DU V R L )L U )L U D G )L U

RS UL W 7 ROO RDUG 7 V PDW ULDOV DU SDUW RI D ROO RDUG SUR UDP 8V RU GLVWULE WLR RI W V PDW ULDOV R OL RU L SUL W E R G R U
VF RRO©V SDUWLFLSDWLR L W SUR UDP LV SUR LELW G
3D RI
 3 LROR 7 VW RRNO W

8 0

LF RI W IROOR L LV D DOLG L W USU WDWLR RI W S ULP WDO U V OWV W DW SODL V R L GL LG DOV

LW W S GLDE W V GLII U IURP L GL LG DOV LW R W GLDE W V

7 U ODWL O OR O OV RI O FRV SWDN L L GL LG DOV LW W S GLDE W V L GLFDW W DW PRELOL DWLR RI

87 WR W F OO V UIDF LV U G F G L P VFO F OOV RI W RV L GL LG DOV

7 U ODWL O OR O OV RI O FRV SWDN L L GL LG DOV LW W S GLDE W V L GLFDW W DW R I FWLR DO

87 SURW L LV SURG F G L W P VFO F OOV RI W RV L GL LG DOV

7 DEV F RI DFWL DW G L V OL U F SWRUV L L GL LG DOV LW W S GLDE W V L GLFDW V W DW R L V OL LV

V FU W G E W SD FU DWLF F OOV RI W RV L GL LG DOV

7 DEV F RI DFWL DW G ,56 L L GL LG DOV LW W S GLDE W V L GLFDW V W DW R I FWLR DO L V OL

U F SWRU SURW L LV SURG F G L W P VFO F OOV RI W RV L GL LG DOV

DV G R W S ULP WDO U V OWV LF RI W IROOR L G VFULE V W PRVW OLN O G I FW L P VFO F OOV RI

SDWL WV LW W S GLDE W V

RS UL W 7 ROO RDUG 7 V PDW ULDOV DU SDUW RI D ROO RDUG SUR UDP 8V RU GLVWULE WLR RI W V PDW ULDOV R OL RU L SUL W E R G R U
VF RRO©V SDUWLFLSDWLR L W SUR UDP LV SUR LELW G
3D RI
#it 3 LROR 7 VW RRNO W

4
4 1-4
. 8
.
0

, V OL U F SWRU SURW L V GR RW U DF W F OO V UIDF

, V OL GR V RW DFWL DW LWV U F SWRU

,56 DFWL DWLR LV U G F G DW L L V OL FR F WUDWLR V

87 EORFNV O FRV IURP W UL F OOV

adds phosphate
⑰ O FR V W WDV NL DV E WD LV D SURW L NL DV W DW DV E
-
-
LPSOLFDW G L PD W S V RI FD F U
S GL R W F OO W S W IRU O FR V W WDV NL DV E WD FD DFW LW U DV D
R FR RU DV D W PRU V SSU VVRU
-

LF RI W IROOR L E VW SU GLFWV R P WDWLR V FD O DG WR W G ORSP W RI FD F U

OOV LW L DFWL
*
IDLO WR WUL
-
U DSRSWRVLV - tor little
cell death

- OOV LW L DFWL IDLO WR SURF G SDVW W F FNSRL W -> Cell arrest

-

7
OOV LW R UDFWL DU PRU OLN O WR U SDLU
fires
GDPD mutation opposite
cancer
- =>
↓ cancer rish of
M
- OOV LW R UDFWL D
-
OR U F OO F FO V
> slower cell cycle

7 P F D LVP RI DFWLR RI PD FRPPR P GLFDWLR V L RO V L W UI UL LW W RUPDO SDW D V W DW

F OOV V WR U VSR G WR RUPR VL DOV LF RI W IROOR L E VW G VFULE V D GU L W UDFWLR W DW
GLU FWO L W UI U V LW D VL DO WUD VG FWLR SDW D

RS UL W 7 ROO RDUG 7 V PDW ULDOV DU SDUW RI D ROO RDUG SUR UDP 8V RU GLVWULE WLR RI W V PDW ULDOV R OL RU L SUL W E R G R U
VF RRO©V SDUWLFLSDWLR L W SUR UDP LV SUR LELW G
3D RI
E
3 LROR 7 VW RRNO W

8 - 0

indirect
- P GLFDWLR FD V V W F OO WR DEVRUE PRU RI D SDUWLF ODU PL UDO W DOO SRLVR L W F OO
-

P GLFDWLR W UV W WDU W F OO D G L LELWV D P W DW RUPDOO V W VL V D V FR G P VV U

signalamoduation
- P GLFDWLR W UV W WDU W F OO©V FO V D G DFWV DV D P WD not
-

-
P GLFDWLR L W UU SWV W
-
WUD VFULSWLR RI ULERVRPDO 51I V -
⑪ 9 UW EUDW LPP U VSR V V L RO FRPP LFDWLR R U V RUW D G OR GLVWD F V LF RI W IROOR L
VWDW P WV E VW OSV SODL R F OO V UIDF SURW L V V F DV SURW L V D G 7 F OO U F SWRUV P GLDW
F OO FRPP LFDWLR R U V RUW GLVWD F V

& 7 SURW L V U F L
=> O FWULFDO VL DOV IURP U F OOV

-7 SURW L V O D W F OO D G WUD O L W
-long
EORRGVWU DP WR RW U F OOV

a
7 SURW L V L W UDFW GLU FWO LW SURW L V R W V UIDF V RI RW U F OOV

-7 SURW L V EL G WR PRO F O V V FU W G E
-
F OOV ORFDW G L RW U SDUWV RI W ERG

RS UL W 7 ROO RDUG 7 V PDW ULDOV DU SDUW RI D ROO RDUG SUR UDP 8V RU GLVWULE WLR RI W V PDW ULDOV R OL RU L SUL W E R G R U
VF RRO©V SDUWLFLSDWLR L W SUR UDP LV SUR LELW G
3D RI
⑰
8 0
3 LROR 7 VW RRNO W

↑
=
cell Cyclee
Veg

&Up to
is
citolines

star
DV G R W PRG O RI NDU RWLF F OO F FO U ODWLR V R L W IL U LF RI W IROOR L E VW
G VFULE V W II FW RI D GU W DW EORFNV W SURG FWLR RI W PLWRWLF F FOL

7 F OO F FO R OG SURF G FR WUROODEO D GW F OO R OG E FRP FD F UR V

7 F FOL R OG I FWLR DOO U SODF PLWRWLF F FOL D GW F OO R OG FR WL GL LGL RUPDOO

1 V W VLV R OG E SU W G D GW F OO R OG VWRS GL LGL

7 F OO R OG E SU W G IURP W UL PLWRVLV D G W F OO R OG VWRS GL LGL

⑭ density inhibition

D F U F OOV E D GLII U WO W D RUPDO ERG F OOV )RU DPSO W L RU VL DOV W DW W OO W P WR

-
VWRS GL LGL
-
LF RI W IROOR L FR GLWLR V LOO PRVW OLN O FD V D RUPDO ERG F OO WR E FRP D FD F U F OO

RS UL W 7 ROO RDUG 7 V PDW ULDOV DU SDUW RI D ROO RDUG SUR UDP 8V RU GLVWULE WLR RI W V PDW ULDOV R OL RU L SUL W E R G R U
VF RRO©V SDUWLFLSDWLR L W SUR UDP LV SUR LELW G
3D RI
 3 LROR 7 VW RRNO W

8 0

7 LUR P W DOU DG FR WDL V FD F U F OOV

7 LUR P W DV D DE GD F RI WUL WV

7 LUR P W ODFNV VL DOV W DW R OG RW U LV W OO W F OO WR VWRS GL LGL

7 LUR P W FR WDL V P WD V W DW L G F P WDWLR V W DW DII FW F OO F FO U ODWRU SURW L V

1RWF LV D U F SWRU SURW L GLVSOD G R W V UIDF RI F UWDL F OOV L G ORSL IU LW IO PEU RV 1RWF ©V
OL D G LV D P PEUD ER G SURW L FDOO G OWD W DW LV GLVSOD G R W V UIDF RI DGMDF W F OOV
1RWF LV DFWL DW G E LWV OL D G W L WUDF OO ODU WDLO RI W 1RWF SURW L E FRP V V SDUDW G IURP W U VW RI
W SURW L 7 LV DOOR V W L WUDF OO ODU WDLO WR PR WR W F OO©V FO V D G DOW U W SU VVLR RI VS FLILF
V
LF RI W IROOR L VWDW P WV E VW SODL V OWD©V URO L U ODWL F OO FRPP LFDWLR W UR W
1RWF VL DOL SDW D

OWD WUD VPLWV D F PLFDO VL DO WR DOO W F OOV RI D G ORSL PEU R

OWD DOOR V W F OOV RI D G ORSL PEU R WR FRPP LFDW LW R W PDNL GLU FW FR WDFW

OWD U VWULFWV F OO FRPP LFDWLR WR V RUW GLVWD F V LW L D G ORSL PEU R

OWD G W UPL V LF F OOV L D G ORSL PEU R SU VV W W DW FRG V W 1RWF SURW L

, IOR UL SOD WV SODVPRG VPDWD DU DUUR F D OV W UR F OO DOOV W DW FR FW W F WRSODVPV RI

DGMDF W F OOV SOD DWLR RI R SOD W F OOV FRPP LFDW DFURVV F OO DOOV LOO PRVW OLN O U I U WR W
GLII VLR W UR SODVPRG VPDWD RI LF RI W IROOR L

RS UL W 7 ROO RDUG 7 V PDW ULDOV DU SDUW RI D ROO RDUG SUR UDP 8V RU GLVWULE WLR RI W V PDW ULDOV R OL RU L SUL W E R G R U
VF RRO©V SDUWLFLSDWLR L W SUR UDP LV SUR LELW G
3D RI
 3 LROR 7 VW RRNO W

8 0

0 PEUD ER G RU D OO V

R G V G G SOLFDW G F URPRVRP V

UD F G SRO VDFF DULG V

6PDOO DW U VRO EO PRO F O V

, D F UWDL VL DO WUD VG FWLR SDW D W EL GL RI D WUDF OO ODU PRO F O WR D F OO V UIDF SURW L

U V OWV L D UDSLG L FU DV L W FR F WUDWLR RI F FOLF L VLG W F OO 7 F FOLF EL GV WR D G
DFWL DW V F WRVROLF P V W DW W DFWL DW RW U P V L W F OO
LF RI W IROOR L VWDW P WV E VW G VFULE V W URO RI F FOLF L W VL DO WUD VG FWLR
SDW D

,W DFWV DV D VL DOL PRO F O W DW SDVV V W VL DO IURP W F OO WR RW U F OOV

,W DFWV DV D U F SWRU W DW FDUUL V W VL DO IURP R WVLG W F OO WR L VLG W F OO

,W DFWV DV D V FR G P VV U W DW OSV U OD D G DPSOLI W VL DO LW L W F OO

,W DFWV DV D F D O SURW L W DW WUD VPLWV W VL DO DFURVV W F OO©V FO DU P PEUD

RS UL W 7 ROO RDUG 7 V PDW ULDOV DU SDUW RI D ROO RDUG SUR UDP 8V RU GLVWULE WLR RI W V PDW ULDOV R OL RU L SUL W E R G R U VF RRO©V SDUWLFLSDWLR L
W SUR UDP LV SUR LELW G
3D RI
Proto Oncogenes & Tumor Suppressor Genes
Proto Oncogenes & Oncogenes
Proto Oncogenes & Oncogenes
Tumor Suppressor Gene
Tumor Suppressor Gene: p53