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Intoduction - AC

Le document traite des circuits alternatifs (AC), définissant des concepts clés tels que la tension et le courant alternatifs, ainsi que leur comparaison avec les circuits à courant continu (DC). Il explique également la génération de la tension AC, les équations associées, et les propriétés fondamentales telles que la fréquence, la période, et l'amplitude. Enfin, il présente des relations importantes entre ces concepts, comme la relation entre la période et la fréquence.

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4 vues13 pages

Intoduction - AC

Le document traite des circuits alternatifs (AC), définissant des concepts clés tels que la tension et le courant alternatifs, ainsi que leur comparaison avec les circuits à courant continu (DC). Il explique également la génération de la tension AC, les équations associées, et les propriétés fondamentales telles que la fréquence, la période, et l'amplitude. Enfin, il présente des relations importantes entre ces concepts, comme la relation entre la période et la fréquence.

Transféré par

mafia22tom
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
Nous prenons très au sérieux les droits relatifs au contenu. Si vous pensez qu’il s’agit de votre contenu, signalez une atteinte au droit d’auteur ici.
Formats disponibles
Téléchargez aux formats PDF ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
AC Circuits >» Alternating Quantity is that Quantity whose magnitude and direction varies with time >» Altenating voltage is any voltage that varies both in magnitude and polarity with respect to time > Altenating Current is any current that varies both in magnitude and direction with respect to time Comparison of A.C with D.C a Both voltage and current reverses periodically Lower cost of production By the use of transformer voltage can be stepped up or down High voltage ac transmission is economical Ac motors are most robust and durable Rectifier converts ac to de Voltage and current remains unaltered Higher cost of production No such provision is available HVDC transmission is costlier De motors are less durable and can be used for special applications Inverter converts de to ac Generation of AC * Asinusoidal A.C Voltage can be generated either by rotating a coil within a stationary magnetic field or by rotating a magnetic field within a stationary coil Equation of Alternating Voltage &Current * Consider a rectangular coil of N turns rotating in anticlockwise direction with an angular velocity of w rad/sec * Let the coil turn through an angle = wt in anticlockwise direction in t seconds * In this position the maximum flux ¢ ,, can be resolved into two perpendicular components > @,, Sin wt parallel to the plane of the coil > Cos wt perpendicular to the plane of the coil The perpendicular component @ ,, Cos wt induces emf in the coil * The flux linkages of the coil=No. of turns *Flux linking =N o,, Cos wt =-No,, w(-Sin wt) =Nw ¢,, Sin wt When Sin wt=1 ,induced emf v will be maximum V,, Vine NW ® py Induced emf v_ V,,, Sin wt= V,,, Sin@ * The flux linkages of the coil=No. of turns *Flux linking =N ¢,, Cos wt Induced emf v=—*(N¢p,,Cosust) =-No,, w(-Sin wt) =Nw > ,, Sin wt When Sin wt=1 ,induced emf v will be maximum V,,, Vine NWO m Induced emf v_V,, Sin wt= V,, Sin@ * It is clear that e. induced in a coil is sinusoidal. ie instantaneous value of e.m.f varies as the sine function of time angle (© or wt) * Similarly equation of alternating current is i_ |, Sin wt= Im Sin®| Important A.C Terms Alternating current is the current which constantly changes in amplitude, and Which reverses direction at regular intervals. MSP SP Time —> Because the changes are so regular, alternating voltage and current have a number of properties associated with any such waveform. These basic properties include : Frequency: It is the number of complete cycles that occurred in one second. The frequency of the wave is commonly measured in cycles per second (cycles/sec) and expressed in units of Hertz (Hz). It is represented in mathematical equations by the letter ‘f Time Period: It is the duration of time required for the quantity to complete one cycle. And is denoted by T. This is reciprocal of frequency. Amplitude: Mathematically, the amplitude of a sine wave is the value of that sine wave at its peak. This is the maximum value, positive or negative, that it can attain. Peak Valuelip} Refer to figure, it is the maximum value of voltage [Vp] or Current [Ip]. The peak value applies to both positive and negative values of the cycle. Instantaneous Value The value of alternating quantity at any instant is called instantaneous value * Cycle The point at which given waveform repeats is known as a cycle One cycle corresponds to 27 radian or 360 electrical degree for a sine wave * Alternation One half cycle of an alternating quantity is called an alternation Important Relations 1) Time Period T=1/f 2) Frequency f=1/T 3) Angular Velocity w= Angle Turned/Time taken = 2n/T = nf A) Induced emf v= V,, Sin@ =V,,Sin wt ‘m Sin (27 ft) =V,, Sin (2t/T)

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