International Journal of Enhanced Research in Educational Development, ISSN: 2320-8708
Vol. 1 Issue 4, May-June, 2013, pp: (38-44), Available online at: [Link]
'ksj'kkg dh jktLo O;oLFkk
MkWΠvouhr jatu
¼bfrgkl½
lkjka'k
Hkwfe lq/kkj ;k jktLo dh ftl O;oLFkk ds dkj.k 'ksj'kkg dks ;kn fd;k tkrk gS og gSa Ñf"k ;ksX;
Hkwfe dk uiokuk] fdlkuksa ds chp tehu dk forj.k djokuk o mfpr dj O;oLFkk dks ykxw djokukA
mRiknu vkSj moZjk 'kfDr ds vk/kj ij Hkwfe dks rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k mÙke] eè;e vkSj
fuÑ"VA bl vk/kj ij gh dj dh O;oLFkk dh xbZA bu lHkh lq/kkjksa ds lykgdkj VksMjey Hkh 'ksj'kkg dh
gh [kkst gS ftls 'ksj'kkg ls vdcj rd ds lHkh 'kkldksa us viuk foÙk lykgdkj cuk;kA
fdlku og gS tks Lo;a ,oa etnwjksa dh lgk;rk ls [ksrh djrk gS vkSj mldk yxku lh/s jkT; ;k
ljdkj dks u nsdj tehankj ;k tkxhjnkj dks nsrk gSA fdlku dh ifjHkk"kk esa ;g Hkh vkrk gS fd og Ñf"k
dk;Z tkrh; O;oLFkk ds vuq:i Lo;a u dj etnwjksa ls djkrk FkkA ;g oxZ Hkh Hkwfe yxku vius tkxhjnkj
;k tehankj dks iznku djrk FkkA laHkor% bfrgkldkjksa us fdlku dh ogh ifjHkk"kk nh tks yksxksa ds chp
iQSyh gq;h FkhA
'ksj'kkg dh O;oLFkk esa ,d ,slk oxZ Hkh Fkk tks Hkwfe yxku ljdkj }kjk fu;qDr lekgÙkkZ ¼yxku
ysusokyk deZpkjh½ dks nsrk FkkA fdUrq Lo;a [ksrh ugha djrk FkkA og fo'kky Hkw[kaM dk Lokeh gksrk Fkk]
Hkw[kaM mlds ikl ugha gksrk Fkk ;g O;oLFkk lfn;ksa ls vk jgh FkhA mDr fLFkfr 'ksj'kkg ds dky esa Hkh
fo|eku FkhA ftldk dkj.k <w<+uk gh gksxk fd dfri; yksxksa ds ikl gtkjksa ,dM+ tehu gks x;h] rks ,sls
yksxksa dh Hkh foiqy la[;k Fkh ftuds ikl [ksrh rks nwj dh ckr jgh] jgus ;ksX; tehu ugha FkhA
vkt vktknh ds ckn Hkh O;fDr ds ¼bdkbZ½ ikl vV~Vkfydk ;k ?kjks dk lewg gS fdUrq vk/ks ls
vf/d yksxksa ds ftEek jgus ;ksX; edku ugha gSA blesa izek.k nsus dh vko';drk ugha gSA egkuxjksa dh
dkSu dgs] uxj ;k xk¡o esa Hkh ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ;g Hkh ugha dgk tk ldrk gS fd fdlku dk rkRi;Z
vehj ;k xjhc ls gSA
;gk¡ ij ;g dguk vizklafxd ugha gS fd fcgkj jkT; ds dbZ tehankj fdlkuksa ;k cVkbnkjksa ls
vf/d xjhc FksA ek=k leLrhiqj ftys ds dbZ dk'rdkj tehankjksa ls lkS [Link] vf/d /uh o lEiUu FksA
fiQj Hkh tehankj dh ,d gSfl;r Fkh & dk'rdkj o fdlkuksa ls mldh rqyuk ugha gks ldrh FkhA
bl rF; dks è;ku esa j[kdj gh fdlkuksa ds ckjs esa lkspuk vf/d lehphu gksxkA vr% lkj :i esa
dgk tk ldrk gS fd fdlku os gq, tks Lo;a vFkok etnwjksa ds ekè;e ls [ksrh djrs vkSj djokrs FksA
blds vfrfjDr ,slk Hkh oxZ fdlku ds vUrxZr vkrk gS tks viuh cVkbZ Hkw fe ds Hkwfeghu Ñ"kdksa dks mi
cVkbZ ij nsrs Fks fdUrq Hkwfe yxku ugha nsrs FksA ,sls fdlku vkt Hkh gSaA 'ksj'kkg ls vkt rd blesa dksbZ
cnyko ugha gqvk gSA bls loZnk è;ku esa j[kuk gksxkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd fdlku vkUnksyu dks yksx ugha
le> ik jgs gSa vkSj ;gh vkUnksyu vkxs pydj mxzokn dk dkj.k curk gSA
lEizfr 'ksj'kkg dky esa Hkwfe dh uikbZ fdlkuksa ds chp tehu dk forj.k fdl izdkj fd;k x;k]
bldh leh{kk dh tk jgh gSA
foU/;kpy ls mÙkj vkSj fgeky; ls nf{k.k dk yxHkx iwjk Hkkx 'ksj'kkg ds v/hu gks x;k FkkA
jktiqrkuk ds dfri; {ks=k o cqUnsy[k.M mlds izR;{k 'kklu esa ugha FksA rRdky esa laHkor% bu {ks=ksa esa
mlds fu;e pkyw ugha gks lds gksaxsA
'ks"k caxky ls ysdj if'peksÙkj lhek izkar rd dh Hkwfe dks mlus eki fy;kA uikbZ jLlh ds }kjk
dh xbZA Hkwfe[k.M dh mPpre bdkbZ laHkor% fo?kk ;k tjho FkkA ,d fo?kk vFkok ,d tjho esa 3600 oxZ
rd gksrs FksA fdUrq ;g ns'k vkSj ifjfLFkfr ij voyfEcr FkkA mRiknu vkSj moZjk 'kfDr ds vk/kkj ij Hkwfe
Page | 38
International Journal of Enhanced Research in Educational Development, ISSN: 2320-8708
Vol. 1 Issue 4, May-June, 2013, pp: (38-44), Available online at: [Link]
dks rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k FkkA mÙke] eè;e vkSj fuÑ"VA mÙke rFkk eè;e Hkwfe ds ukius ds
i'pkr~ ;g irk yxk;k tkrk Fkk fd fdl fdlku ds ikl fdl [Link] dh fdruh Hkwfe gSaA fuÑ"V Hkwfe dh
uki dh xbZ ;k ugha bldh lwpuk ugha feyrh gSA blds vUrxZr lEHkor% >kM+ taxy] unh] lM+d]
jsfxLrku tyk'k; bR;kfn ,slh Hkwfe Fkh ftlij iQly ugha mxk;h tk ldrh FkhA bldk mi;ksx viuh
vko';drk dh iwfÙkZ ds fy, lEHkor% fdlkuksa ds }kjk fcuk yxku fn;s gq, fd;k tk ldrk FkkA
ekih xbZ Hkwfe dk vfHkys[k ,d iath esa fufnZ"V fd;k x;k gS ftls ,d iath ;k iqfLrdk esa ntZ
fd;k x;k gSA oÙkZeku dkfyd dSMsLVªy losZ ds leku ekih ugha dh xbZ Fkh cfYd tkxhjnkj ;k fdlku
ds LokfeRo esa Hkwfe ekih xbZ FkhA ;kfu veqd fdlku ds ikl fdruk fc?kk tehu gSA vFkok veqd
tkxhjnkj ds ikl fdruh fc?kk tehu gSA ;kfu fdlku ds vuqlkj ekiA oÙkZeku dSMsLVªy losZ esa tehu
ds vuqlkj Hkw&Lokeh dk uke ntZ gSA
fdlkuksa dks ,d iV~Vk ds ekè;e ls Hkwfe nh tkrh Fkh ftlesa fdLe iQly ¼Hkwfe dh Jsf.k;ksa½ o
yxku dk mYys[k jgrk FkkA fdlku ls ^^dcwfy;r** ys yh tkrh Fkh fd mlus ^^ns;** tehu dks izkIr
fd;k gSA
izk;% lHkh bfrgkldkj iV~Vk ,oa dcwfy;r dks Lohdkj djrs gSa fdUrq blds lk{; esa fdlh
dcwfy;r ;k iV~Vk dk ftØ ugha fd;k x;k gSA ¼'kks/ ds nkSjku eq>s bldh lwpuk feyh gS fd 'ksj'kkg dh
iV~Vs vkSj dcwfy;r jkt njHkaxk ds vfHkys[kkxkj esa gS fdUrq iz;kl djus ds ckotwn eq>s izkIr ugha gqvkA
MkΠmn;dkUr feJ th ls esjh ckrphr gqbZA rn~uqlkj iV~Vk ,oa dcwfy;r dks fdlkuksa ds chp ls [kkstk
tk ldrk gS tks jktcuSyh ftyk [Link];k ls izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA iV~Vk ,oa dcwfy;r dh izFkk
;=k&r=k vHkh Hkh feyrh gSA mDr nksuksa izFkk,¡ fdlkuksa ds chp vkt Hkh py jgh gS & bl izdkj 'ksj'kkg
vkt Hkh thfor gSaA
MkΠfo|k/kj egktu us ;g dgk gS fd 'ksj'kkg ls igys Hkwfe ekih ugha dh xbZ FkhA ijUrq ;g ,d
[Link] vuqeku ij gh vk/kkfjr gSA ;g 'ksj'kkg dk gh Js; gS fd mlus vius lkezkT; dh leLr Hkwfe dk
lgh fujh{k.k djus dh vkKk nh fdUrq dkSfVY; ds vFkZ'kkL=k ls Li"V irk pyrk gS fd ekS;Zdky esa Hkwfe
dh eki djkbZ xbZ Fkh vkSj mlds vfHkys[k vfHkys[kkxkj esa j[ks tkrs FksA
MkΠgfj'kpUnz oekZ us vusd lk{;ksa dk mYys[k djrs gq, dgk gS fd 'ksj'kkg us tehu ekius dh
izFkk vykmíhu f[kyth ls izkIr dhA 'ksj'kkg dk :>ku ekiu dh izFkk dh rjiQ FkkA vykmíhu f[kyth
dh rjg og Hkh bldk ftruk gks lds mruk foLrkj djuk pkgrk FkkA tehuksa dk vke losZ{k.k djok;k
tkuk ubZ tek ¼VSDl½ dks r; djus ds fy;s ykHkdkjh gks ldrk Fkk fdUrq mldk 'kkludky bruk NksV k
jgk fd mldk los{Z k.k larks"kizn lkfcr ugha gks ldkA
MkΠoekZ us gh nkSyr&,&'ksj'kkgh ds iQjeku la[;k nl dk mYys[k fd;k gSA rnuqlkj [ksrh
;ksX; Hkwfe ,oa [ksrh ds fy;s v;ksX; Hkwfe ;k ijrh Hkwfe ds ekiu dk dk;Z vgen [kk¡ dks lkSaik x;kA
vgen [kk¡ us ;g dke fgUnw czkã.kksa dh enn ls iwjk fd;kA oekZ us gh ekius dh fØ;k ds fy;s jLlh ds
txg 32 vad okyk fldanjh xt vkSj lu dh MaMh dk mYys[k fd;k gSA bl izdkj bfrgkldkjksa ds chp
erHksn jg tkrk gS fd ekius dk dk;Z jLlh ls fd;k x;k Fkk ;k lu dh MaMh lsA
'ksj'kkg dk dky ek=k 5 o"kksaZ dk jgk ,oa mlds mÙkjkf/dkfj;ksa dk 'ks"k nl o"kZA bu iUnzg o"kksaZ esa
[Link] mÙkjh Hkkx dk lhekadu djuk peRdkjh ckrs gSaA bldk mÙkj Hkh MkŒ gfj'kpUnz oekZ us MkŒ
,lŒlhŒ feJk ds ,d 'kks/ ijd fucU/ ds vk/kj ij fn;k gSA
rn~uqlkj 'ksj'kkg us izpfyr O;oLFkk esa lq/kj fd;k vkewy ifjoÙkZu ughaA 'ksj'kkg us ,slh O;oLFkk
dh ftlds vuqlkj fdlh O;fDr fo'ks"k dks bldh ftEesokjh lkSaih tk; fd og vius vkoafVr {ks= k esa ls
jktLo bdV~Bk djsa vkSj fu;rka'k jkT; esa tek djA vU; nks izFkkvksa xYyk&c['kh ¼lk>snkjh½ vkSj ekiu
¼tjhc½ dh izFkk esa gLr{ksi ugha fd;kA ek=k mudh fØ;k fof/ dks O;ofLFkr fd;kA
bl fcUnq esa vk;s gq, erHksn dk lek/ku 'kks/ izcU/ esa bl izdkj fd;k tk;sxk fd ekius dh fof/
pkgs tks Hkh gks fdUrq ekius dh mPpre bdkbZ fo?kk FkhA bls ekius esa jLlh vkSj lu dh MaMh nksuksa dk
iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gksxk ftl {ks=k esa ftl izdkj dh lqfo/k jgrh gksxhA fuf'pr lk{; ds vHkko esa
vuqeku ls dke fy;k tk ldrk gSA ¼;fn vuqeku ds fy;s izR;{k rF; ijd gks½
Page | 39
International Journal of Enhanced Research in Educational Development, ISSN: 2320-8708
Vol. 1 Issue 4, May-June, 2013, pp: (38-44), Available online at: [Link]
Hkqxrku dh fof/k %&
MkΠdkuwuxksa us e[ktku&,&viQxkuh ds vuqlkj dgk gS fd 'ksj'kkg us eqYrku ds lwcsnkj gSor
[kk¡ dks fy[kk Fkk fd iSnkokj dk ¼ Hkkx fy;k tk;A MkŒ dkuwuxksa us vcqy iQty ds dF; ij Hkh
fo'okl fd;k gS fd 'ksj'kkg dh njs de Fkh ftls vdcj us c<+kdj 13 fd;kA
eksjyS.M ,oa ijekRek'kj.k ^^e[kuky&,&viQxkuh** dk gokyk nsrs gq, dgk gS fd ¼ dsoy eqYrku
ds fy;s Fkk ftlds izfr 'ksj'kkg dks lnk ls Lusg jgk ;k i{kikr jgkA vU; {ks=kksa esa 13 gh ekU; FkkA
eksjyS.M ,oa ijekRek 'kj.k dh O;k[;k jkbZ 'kCn ls gSA jkbZ dk vFkZ mUgksua s iQly dk 13 Hkkx ekuk gSA
iQly dh dVkbZ ds ckn Hkwfedkj fy;k tkrk Fkk tks o"kZ esa nks ckj gksrk FkkA Hkw&jktLo vukt
ds :i esa vFkok mlds cnys esa udnh jkf'k ds :i esa fy;k tkrk FkkA Ñ"kdksa dks Hkw& jktLo ds vfrfjDr
^^tjhckuk rFkk eqgkflykuk** uke ds nks VSDl vkSj nsus iM+rs Fks ftudh njsa Hkw&jktLo dh 2½ ls 5% FkhA
tjhckuk dh jkf'k Hkwfe iSekbZ'k djusokys vf/dkfj;ksa dks nh tkrh Fkh rFkk eqgkflykuk Hkwfedkj dh mxkgh
djus okys dks fn;k tkrk FkkA
Mk. HkkxZo ds vuqlkj 'ksj'kkg us Hkwfe dj fu/kZj.k dh dqN vkSj Hkh i¼fr;k¡ viukbZ ftuesa cVkbZ ;k
xYyk] c[lh] dudqr] tCrh [Link] mYys[kuh; gSA cVkbZ [Link] ds vuqlkj iQly dks fdlku xk¡o ds
uEcjnkj eqdne rFkk vU; ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa ds lkeus rhu cjkcj <+js ksa esa ck¡V nsrk FkKA ,d <sj
ljdkj ds ikl tek gsk tkrk Fkk vkSj nks <+js fdlku ds ikl jg tkrs FksA dudqr [Link] ds vUrxZr
fdlku vkSj ljdkjh deZpkjh iQly dVus ls igys mit dk vuqeku yxk ysrs Fks rFkk bl vuqeku ds
vk/kj ij Hkwfe dj olwyk tkrk FkkA
tCrh [Link] ds vuqlkj fdlku vkSj ljdkj ds chp Bsdk gks tkrk FkkA fdlku ;g eatwj djrk
Fkk fd og izfr fo?kk dh nj ls dqN fuf'pr o"kksaZ rd fu;r jde nsrk jgsxkA bl Bsds ds ckn fdlku
dks og fu;r jde mrus o"kksZa rd nsuh iM+rh FkhA pkgs mldh mit de gks ;k vf/kdA
fcgkj ,oa dbZ izns'kksa esa Hkwfe ds Lokeh viuh Hkwfe dks vkt Hkh blh vk/kj ij rhu ;k ik¡p o"kksaZ ds
fy, ,d fuf'pr jde ysdj Bsdk ij nsrs gSa vkSj Bsds ysus okyk fdlku ;k etnwj dcwfy;r fy[kdj ;k
ekSf[kd :i ls xzg.k djrk gS (mit gks ;k u gks jde ns nh tkrh gSA
mDr tCrh ds vuqlkj ;fn fdlku T;knk ls T;knk 15 o"kksZa ls vf/d dk Bsdk fy;k gksxk vFkok
1555 bZ esa 5 o"kks± dk Bsdk fy;k gksxk mldh fu;fr vdcj ds 'kklu dky esa D;k jgh gksxh ;g izLrqr
'kks/ dk fo"k; ugha gSA ;g rks iwoZ esa dgk tk pqdk gS fd 'ksj'kkg ds le; esa dj dh olqyh udnh ;k
iQly ds :i esa dh tkrh Fkh fdUrq olwyus okys fdl izdkj olwyh fd;k djrs Fks bldh leh{kk f}rh;
vè;k; esa dh xbZ gSA
fdlkuksa ds fgr ds fy;s mit c<+k;s tkus okys 'ksj'kkg ds fdlh Hkh iz;kl dk mYys[k vfèkdka'k
bfrgkldkjksa us ugha fd;k gSA Hkwfe ,oa Hkwfe dj dks rdZ laxr cukus ds vykos flapkbZ dk izcU/ vFkok
rrln`'k vU; fdlh dk;Z dk mYys[k ugha gSA rRdky esa vPNh ckfj'k gkus ds dkj.k flapkbZ dh O;oLFkk
dh t:jr ugha iM+rh Fkh vkSj ekSle ds vuqlkj gh iQly mxk;h tkrh FkhA /ku vkSj edbZ ds le; esa
vPNh ckfj'k gksrh Fkh ftlls Lor% flapkbZ gks tkrh FkhA xsgw¡] cktjk] tkS] nygu bR;kfn iQlyksa ds fy;s
FkksM+s cgqr ikuh dh t:jr gksrh gksxhA ftldh ekSleh pØ ls iwfÙkZ gks tkrh FkhA
Mk. bErs;kt vgen us 'ksj'kkg ds 'kklu dky ds jktLo ,oa vkfFkZd lq /kjksa ds lkFk&lkFk
tudY;[Link] dk;ks± ds fy;s ;ksxnku ds fy, mYys[kuh; dgk gSA Hkwfe dh uikbZ vkSj dj ds lkFk Hkwfe
ds LokfeRo dh ppkZ iwoZ esa dh xbZ gSA mDr fo"k;ksa ds lk{; ds fy;s Mk vgen us dksbZ ubZ ckr ;k dksbZ
u;k lk{; ugha is'k fd;k gSA izR;qr 'ksj'kkg ds jktLo lacaèkh bl fo"k; esa Hkh dksbZ u;k rF; is'k ugha
fd;k gSA tkxhjnkjksa ,oa tehankjksa ds izHkko esa D;k vkSj fdl izdkj deh vkbZ blds fy;s Hkh mUgksua s dksbZ
lk{; izLrqr ugha fd;k gSA tehankj o fdlku dh ifjHkk"kk Hkh mUgksua s fu:fir ugha dh gSA
Page | 40
International Journal of Enhanced Research in Educational Development, ISSN: 2320-8708
Vol. 1 Issue 4, May-June, 2013, pp: (38-44), Available online at: [Link]
'ksj'kkg dh [kkst VksMjey ds :i esa %&
[Link] Hkw&eki vkSj Hkw&jktLo dh O;oLFkk jktk VksMjey dh nsu gSA mlus viuh 'kfDr o esèkk
dkmi;ksx ,d dk;Zikyd vf/dkjh ds :i esa fd;k tks iz'kaluh; gSA jktk VksMjey dh cqf¼ dk mi;ksx
'ksj'kkg us fd;kA
uhfr'kkL=k esa dgk x;k gS jktk vkSj fo}ku esa fo}ku Js"B gksrk GSA jktk dh egÙkk Lons'k esa gh
gksrh gS dky vkSj ifjfLFkfr ds vuqlkjA ysfdu fo}kuksa dk ;'k ns'k] dky] ifjfLFkfr ls ijs gksdj
loZdkyhu gks tkrk gSA vkt VksMjey ugha gS fdUrq mudh uhfr o dk;Z dq'kyrk vkn'kZ:i esa mifLFkr
gSA
iatkc izns'k ds eksguiqj xk¡o esa iSnk gq, jktk VksMjey ,d iDdk fgUnw FksA vo/ fcgkj [Link]; ds
vuqlkj eè;;qxhu Hkkjr ds fdlh Hkh eqfLye lqYrku ;k lezkVksa us fgUnqvksa dks eqlyekuksa dh vis{kk 'kh"k
in ugha fn;kA pkgs og fdruk gh deZB] bZekunkj o ;ksX; D;ksa u gksA ;gk¡ rd fd vdcj egku Hkh
Hkxoku nkl] eku flag] VksMjey] chjcy vkfn dh ;ksX;rk ls Hkys gh izHkkfor gqvk fdUrq fdlh Hkh cM+s
dk;Z esa ;k iz/ku lsukifr dk in mUgsa ugha fn;kA nkmn ds fo:¼ ;q¼ esa VksMjey dh dq'kyrk ds ckotqn
mis{kk dh xbZA Mk. ,l.,. fjtoh us dgk gS fd fgUnw lsukifr ds ekrgr eqfLye lsuk yM+us dks rS;kj
ugha gksrh FkhA blfy, mls iz/ku lsukifr ugha cuk;k tkrk FkkA fgUnwvksa dh ,d vyx czhxsM cukbZ tkrh
FkhA [Link] izrki ds fo:¼ lSU; vfHk;ku esa tc jktk eku flag dks lsukifr cukdj yM+kbZ ds eSnku esa
mrkjk x;k rks eqfLye lsukvksa us yM+uk Lohdkj ugha fd;kA tcfd [Link] izrki dh lsuk dk lapkyu
gdhe lwj uke eqlyeku lsukifr us fd;k vkSj eku flag ds vkØe.k dks foQy djus dh ps"Vk dhA
VksMjey ds laca/k esa nwljh ckr ;g dgh tkrh gS fd vdcj ds uojRuksa esa mldh [Link] dh
tkrh Fkh fiQj Hkh vdcj us mls vius lEiznk; nhu&,&bykgh esa /ekZUrfjr gksus dks ckè; ugha fd;kA
bldk dkj.k VksMjey dk 'ksj'kkg lwjh vkSj vdcj nksuksa dk fiz; gksuk Fkk blus nksuksa izfr}Unh lezkVksa ds
;gk¡ vkfFkZd lykdkj ds :i esa vius in dk dq'kyrkiwoZd fuoZg.k fd;kA
'ksj'kkg gh ugha izR;qr mlds nks mÙkjkf/dkfj;ksa rFkk vdcj ds vFkZea=kh ds :i esa dk;Z djus okys
VksMjey dh e`R;q 1589 bZ. esa gqbZA ;kfu vdcj ds 'kklu ds 33 o"kks± rd og jktLo ea=kh jgk vkSj ;fn
'ksj'kkg ds dky dks tksM+ fn;k tk; rks VksMjey dk dk;Zdky yxHkx 50 o"kZ dk gks tk;sxk tks vius
vki esa dhfÙkZeku gSA
bfrgkldkjksa dks ;g è;ku esa j[kuk gksxk fd 'ksj'kkg lwjh us ftl vfHk;ku dks pyk;k mls vdcj
us cjdjkj gh ugha j[kk izR;qr vius 'k=kq i{k ds vFkZea=kh dks viuk vFkZea=kh cuk;kA bruk gh ugha
uhfr;k¡ rks VksMjey dh Fkh fdUrq lezkVksa us mls dk;Z:i fn;kA VksMjey dks vFkZea=kh ;k lsukifr ds :i
esa ugha vfirq vFkZ'kkL=kh; n'kZu dk fpard ekuk tk;sxkA ftls lezkVksa us Hkh Lohdkj fd;kA 'ksj'kkg dh
iz'kfLr ;k [Link] ek=k blfy, fd;k tkuk pkfg, rkfd mUgksua s VksMjey dh lq>cw> dks ij[kk vkSj
jkT; ds fgr esa mldh cqf¼ vkSj Kku dk bLrseky fd;kA
VksMjey dh eqykdkr 'ksj'kkg ls dgk¡ vkSj fdl izdkj gqbZA bldh foLr`r ppkZ vuqiyC/ gSA
loZizFke 'ksj'kkg us VksMjey dk mi;ksx is'kkoj vkSj cksyu ?kkfV;ksa ds chp iwohZ vkSj if'peh }kj
dh j{kk ds fy;s fd;kA fgUnqLrku ls gqek;w¡ ds Hkkx tkus ds ckn 'ksj'kkg dks eqxyksa ds okil vkus ds lkjs
jkLrs can djus FksA is'kkoj vkSj cksyu ds chp xD[kjksa dh foiqy tla[;k Fkh tks eqxyksa ds HkDr FksA
mudk ljnkj lkjax eqxy HkDr FkkA gqek;w¡ us ljnkj lkjax ls lgk;rk yh FkhA iQyLo:i 'ksj'kkg us
xD[kjksa dh cLrh esa vkx yxk nhA ljnkj lfgr xD[kjksa dks ekj fn;k x;k vkSj ogk¡ ,d fdyk cuokus
dk fopkj fd;kA
bl dk;Z gsrq jktk VksMjey vkSj gSor [kk¡ dks vf/Ñr fd;k x;kA nksuksa ftEesnkj O;fDr;ksa us
fdys dk fuekZ.k djok;k og VksMjey ds izcaèku o dk;Zdq'kyrk ls dkiQh izHkkfor gqvk vkSj bl fdys
dk uke if'peh jksgrkl j[k tgk¡ dk 'ksj'kkg ewy fuoklh FkkA
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International Journal of Enhanced Research in Educational Development, ISSN: 2320-8708
Vol. 1 Issue 4, May-June, 2013, pp: (38-44), Available online at: [Link]
laHkor% fdys ds lqizca/u ls izlUu gksdj 'ksj'kkg us mls jkT; ds vkfFkZd mUu;u ds fy, vfèkÑr
fd;k gksxkA VksMjey dh Hkwfedk 'ksj'kkg ds oa'ktksa ds le; esa D;k jgh bldh foLr`r lwpuk bfrgkl
xzaFkksa esa ugha gS fiQj Hkh ;g rks dgk gh tk ldrk gS fd 'ksj'kkg us vius jkT;dky esa mldh foLr`r
ppkZ miyC/ djokbZ gSA bu lzksrksa esa vcqy iQty dk ^vkbus vdcjh* Hkh gSA
vcqy iQty ds vuqlkj jktk VksMjey bZekunkj] ;ksX;] deZB rFkk lw>&cw> ls lEiUu ,d ohj
;ks¼k FkkA vcqy iQty us mldh dkfcyh;r dh rkjhQ dh gSA fdUrq mldh dV~Vjrk dh vkykspuk djrs
gq, dgk gS ;fn og vius fopkjksa ij vM+k ugha jgrk rks mldh fxurh egkRekvksa esa gksrhA jktk VksMjey
dks ,d dfr ds :i esa Hkh ;kn fd;k x;kA mdlh uhfr ijd dfork us lekt dks ,d ubZ fn'kk nh gSA
vdcjuke esa gh dgk x;k gS fd VksMjey ds ^Lej.k i=k* esa uki tks[k djus okys vf/dkfj;ksa ds
fy;s lq>kbZ xbZ ns; jkf'k (Hkw&jktLo) dk mYys[k gSA mDr Hkw&jktLo dk 10ok¡ Hkkx eq[;r% 'kgj esa
dk;Zjr deZpkfj;ksa dks uxn HkÙkk ds :i esa fn;k tkrk FkkA
vdcjukek ds mDr dFku ls Li"V gksrk gS fd VksMjey dk fy[kk gqvk dksbZ Lej.k i=k jgk
gksxkA Mk. oekZ us vkSjaxtsc ds bl iQjeku dk ftØ fd;k gS fd ,sls t:jr eUn fdlkuksa vkSj Ñ"kdksa
dks] tks Ñf"k vkStkj [kjhnus esa vleFkZ gksrs Fks] mudh uxn lgk;rk VksMjey ds fliQkfj'kksa ij 'ksj'kkg
ds dke esa gksrh FkhA
vcqy iQty ds vuqlkj vdcj ds 'kklu ds uoe~ o"kZ ls ysdj 30osa o"kZ rd nhoku in ij ftu
rhu O;fDr;ksa dh fu;qfDr gqbZ & eqtÝiQj[kku] jktk VksMjey] [oktk 'kkg ealwj & muesa jktk VksMjey
dks lcls ;ksX; foÙk lykgdkj ekuk x;kA 'kkgh fnoku in ij 1582 bZ . esa 'kkgh fu;qfDr ls ysdj
e`R;qi;ZUr VksMjey csnkx vklhu jgsA
'ksj'kkg ds jkT;dky esa tks Ñf"k laca/h lq/kj dk Jh [Link]'k gqvk og vdcj ds 'kklu dky rd
pyrk jgkA ;g lq/kj bruk pqLr&nq:Lr Fkk fd og vkxs Hkh [Link] lzksr cukA oÙkZeku dky esa Hkh tehu
ds dkxtkr esa rkSth (rkSthu) dk mYys[k gksrk gS tks Hkwfe ds bfrgkl dk ,d lk{; gSA ;|fi VksMjey
ds Hkwfe laca/h lq/kj dk dk;kZUo;u 'ksj'kkg ds dkj.k ekuk tk ldrk gS fdUrq tks jkT; 'ksj'kkg ls 'kkflr
ugha Fks mlesa Hkh VksMjey dh uhfr;k¡ (yxHkx [Link] fgUnqLrku esa) ykxw FkhA og Hkw&uki dh uhfr
(fo?kk$dV~Bk$/qkj$/kqjdh) 'ksj'kkgh uhfr ( VksMjey vaxzsth bafM;k esa ,dM+ ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr gqbZA ,dM+
dh U;wure bdkbZ fMlehy FkhA [Link] fgUnqLrku esa fo?kk dk izpyu Fkk fdUrq mlds {ks=kiQy esa deh
vkSj o`f¼ gksrh xbZA vaxzstksa ds le; esa blesa ,d:irk vk xbZ vkSj blh ds vk/kj ij ekyxqtkjh r; gqbZA
fdUrq ekyxqtkjh dk vk/kj rks 'ksj'kkgh gh cuh jghA oÙkZekudky esa vaxzstksa }kjk Nk¡Vh xbZ Hkwfe
xSj et:vk [kkl vkSj xSjet:vk vke dh Hkh ekyxqtkjh r; dj nh xbZA fdlku ds dY;k.k ds fy,
fd, x, 'ksj'kkgh lq/kj dks vaxzst ksa us vk/kj cuk;k vkSj Hkwfe dj c<+k nh fdUrq oÙkZekudkfyd O;oLFkk
yksdfgr ds LFkku ij O;kikjh; gks x;h gSA ;g fl¼ djrk gS fd rRdkyhu Hkwfe leL;k ij VksMjey dh
iSuh fuxkg FkhA fdUrq mls ;fn 'ksj'kk tSlk uk;d u feyrk rks mldk xq.k fNik gh jg tkrkA
mi;qZDr ckrs ;g fl¼ djrh gS fd rRdkyhu Hkwfe leL;k ij VksMjey dh iSuh fuxkg Fkh vkSj
mlus dq'kyrk vkSj n{krkiwoZd leL;kvksa dk lek/ku fd;k fdUrq ;g rHkh laHko gks ldk tcfd mls
'ksj'kkg tSlk uk;d feykA
ifjdYiuk %&
izLrqr 'kks/ dk;Z bl ifjdYiuk ij vk/kfjr gS fd D;k 'ksj'kkg lwjh }kjk ykxw jktLo O;oLFkk
oÙkZeku le; esa Hkh mi;ksxh gks ldrk gS\
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International Journal of Enhanced Research in Educational Development, ISSN: 2320-8708
Vol. 1 Issue 4, May-June, 2013, pp: (38-44), Available online at: [Link]
fu"d"kZ %&
'ksj'kkg ds lq/kkjksa esa lcls vf/d egRo jktLo laca/h lq/kjsa dks fn;k tkrk gSA ftls izk;% lHkh
bfrgkldkjksa us Lohdkjk gSA jktLo lexz vFkZ uhfr dk vax gksrk gSA vxj lp esa dgk tk; fd blh
jktLo ds fy;s yksx ;q/k {ks= esa tkrs gSa vkSj vFkZ izkIr dj Lo;a dks ,oa viuh iztk dks larq"V j[krs gSaA
jktk vkSj iztk ds chp rky&esy ls gh [kq'kgkyh gksrh gSA 'kks/ esa bldh foLr`r ppkZ dh xbZ gSA vkf[kj
'ksj'kkg us dkSu lk mYys[kuh; dk;Z fd;k ftls mldk uke lq/kjdksa esa fxuk tkus yxkA 'ksj'kkg ls igys
Hkh ,d ls ,d cgknqj] ;ksX; 'kkld gq, fdUrq vkf[kj esa og dkSu lk dk;Z Fkk tks 'ksj'kkg ds iwoZoÙkhZ
'kkldksa us ugha fd;kA (iwoZoÙkhZ fgUnw jktkvksa dks NksM+dj) 'kks/ dk fu"d"kZ 'ksj'kkg ds vFkZ laca/h lkjs lq/kj
dk og Hkkx gS ftls eqfLye 'kkldksa us ugha fd;kA dqrqcqíhu ls ysdj gqek;w¡ rd ds dky[k.M dks
vjktd ekuk tk ldrk gSA bl fo'kky dky[k.M esa jktk dk dke jkT;ksa ds lq/kj dk ugha Fkk cfYd
;gk¡ ds fgUnqvksa dks bLyke esa ifjofrZr djuk FkkA dqrqcqíhu ls ysdj gqek;w¡ rd dky[k.M esa jkT;kè;{k
ds vfrfjDr 'kkgh njckj ds mPp in 'kkgh oa'k ds lnL;ksa dks fn;s tkrs FksA rRi'pkr~ vjch] bjkuh]
viQxkuh ;k eqlyekuksa dh mPp tkfr ds }kjk uhps rcds ds mu eqlyekuksa ij 'kklu fd;k tkrk Fkk
tks fgUnw ls /ekZUrfjr FksA fgUnw jktk dks ;Fkkor NksM+ fn;k x;k izR;qr mlls le;≤ ij fo'ks"k dj
olwyk x;k ftlesa tft;k Hkh FkkA 'kks/ dk fu"d"kZ ;g gS fd dqrqcqíhu ls ysdj gqek;w¡ rd dh vFkZuhfr
dks lewy cny fn;k x;kA fdUrq 'ksj'kkg ds ,d ns'kh 'kkld ds :i esa dk;Z fd;kA fgUnw vkSj eqlyekuksa
nksuksa dks leku :i ls ns[kkA
jktLo lacak/h lq/kjksa ds lkFk&lkFk 'ksj'kkg dBksj 'kklu ds fy;s Hkh ;kn fd;k tkrk gSA ,l.,.
fjtoh dh mfDr Sher Shah dh restored peace to the country** ls 'kks/k lger gSA 'kks/ esa
tehu&tehunkj] dk'rdkj&fdlku vksj etnwj ds ckjs esa tks [Link] dh xbZ gS og Hkh ekSfyd gS vkSj
og fdlh Hkh bfrgkldkj ds fopkj ls vyx gSA izkIr bfrgkl xzUFkksa esa tehu&tehunkj] dk'rdkj]
fdlku o etnwj ds fj'rksa dks ifjHkk"kkvksa dks Li"V ugha fd;k x;k gSA bl 'kks/ esa bls ;Fkk laHko Li"V
fd;k x;k gSA
Kku ds {ks=k esa ;ksxnku %&
izLrqr 'kks/ i=k fuf'pr :i esa Kku dh vfHko`f /k esa lgk;d fl/k gksxkA mDr 'kks/k ls dbZ
rF;ijd vulqy>s iz'uksa ds lek/ku gksus dh izcy laHkkouk gS] tks ;g orZeku jktLo O;oLFkk dh
vk/kj'khyk ds :i esa ifjyf{kr izrhr gksrh gSA
*****
lanHkZ xaFz k lwph
1- eqxydkyhu Hkkjr & vk'khokZnh yky JhokLro] i`Œ&106] 122
2- eè;dkyhu Hkkjr & vo/k fcgkjh [Link]; ] i`Œ&322] 323] 336] 413
3- eè;dkyhu Hkkjr & egkohj flag R;kxh] i`Œ&66
4- eè;dkyhu Hkkjr & MkŒ chŒ,lŒ HkkxZo] i`Œ&291] 292] 296
5- eè;dkyhu Hkkjr & MkŒ bErs;kt vgen] i`Œ&185
6- eè;dkyhu Hkkjr & gfj'pUnz oekZ] i`Œ&22] 31] 32
7- eè;dkyhu Hkkjr & fo|k/kj egktu] i`Œ&58] 59
8- eè;dkyhu Hkkjr & ,[Link]. 'kekZ] i`Œ&298
9- Hkkjr esa eqfLye 'kklu & ,[Link]. 'kekZ] i`Œ&227
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International Journal of Enhanced Research in Educational Development, ISSN: 2320-8708
Vol. 1 Issue 4, May-June, 2013, pp: (38-44), Available online at: [Link]
10- Hkkjr esa bLyke 'kklu dk bfrgkl & lR;ukjk;.k nqcs] i`ú&227] 228
8- fefFkyk rÙo foe'kZ & ijes'oj >k
9- 'ksj'kkg ¼iqLrd HkaMkj ygsfj;kljk; ls izdkf'kr 1940½
10- S.A. Rizvi - (The wonder that was India) ] i`ú &101] 107] 154] 186
11- Majumdar Roy Chaudhary & Dutta - An advance History of India] i`Œ&73] 128] 422
12- Encyclopedia Britrannica (Vol.-I) Mughal Dynasty (Vol.-I)] i`Œ&41
*****
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