mPp ek/;fed Lrj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds uSfrd

ewY;ksa dk muds 'kS{[Link] miyfC/k;ksa ij

iM+us okys çHkko dk v/;;u
Manju Kumari Dr. Lal Babu Singh
Research Scholar (Proctor)
Dept. of Psychology P.G., Dept. of Psychology
V.K.S. University, Ara (Bihar) V.K.S. University, Ara (Bihar)
E mail ID-manjukumari599@[Link]

çLrkouk:&
ekuo thou esa lh[kus dh çfØ;k lkoZHkkSfed ,oa
fujUrj gkssrh gSA f'k{kk ds ek/;e ls gh O;fä dk fodkl gksrk
gSA Hkkjrh; ekU;rk ds vuqlkj f'k{kk 'kCn dh O;qRifÙk laL—
r ds f'k{k /kkrq ls gqbZ gSA ftldk vFkZ gS lh[kuk vkSj
fl[kukA f'k{kk og T;ksfr gS tks ekuo ds thou esa vKku&:ih
vadkj dks mtkyk iznku djrh gSA f'k{kk ds laca/k esa
egkRek xk¡/kh us dgk **f'k{kk ls esjk vfHkçk; ml çfØ;k ls
gS tks ckyd ,oa euq"; ds 'kjhj] eu ,oa vkRek ds loksZR
—‘V :iksa dks izLrqr dj nsA**
IysVks ds vuqlkj "f'k{kk ds esjk vfHkçk; ml çf'k{k.k ls
gS tks vPNh vknrksa ds }kjk ckydksa esa vPNs uSfrd
[Link] dk fodkl djsaA
M‚- tkfdj gqlSu ds vuqlkj **gesa] çkfof/kd ds fy,]
uSfrdrk dk cfynku ugha nsuk pkfg,A vfirq çkfof/kd dks bl
Hkko rFkk i;kZoj.k eSa çLrqr djuk pkfg, rkfd og mPp
ekuo ewY;ksa dks 'kfä'kkyh ,oa etcwr cukus dk lk/ku cu
tk;sA
 uSfrdrk rFkk lnkpkj fo|ky; f'k{kk dks ewY;ksUeq[k cuk
ldrs gSaA igys ekrk &firk] nknk&nknh ?kj ij cPpksa dks
lkaL—frd] vk/;kfRed ,oa uSfrd ewY;ksa laca/kh] f'k{kk
dgkfu;ksa ds ek/;e ls lh[kkrs FksA vkt ds cnyrs ifjos”k
esa ;g lekIrçk; gSA
ftl O;fDr esa uSfrd xq.k ugha mldk uSfrd pfj= ugha og u
dsoy vius fodkl ds fy, oju lekt vkSj jk"Vª ds fodkl ds fy,
Hkh gkfudkjd gSA
ckyd ds uSfrd [Link] dks mlds O;fDrRo dk vk/kkj
ekuk tk ldrk gSA ckyd dk uSfrd ewY;kas dk Lrj mlds
f”k{k.k vf/kxe dks çHkkfor djus okyk ,d çeq[k dkjd gSA
loZiYyh M‚- jk/kk—".ku ds 'kCnksa esa Hkkjr lfgr lkjs
lalkj esa d"Vksa dk dkj.k ;g gS fd f'k{kk dk laca/k uSfrd o
vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa dh çkfIr ls u jgdj dsoy efLr"d ds fodkl ls
jg x;k gSA ;fn f'k{k.k dk vFkZ ân; o vkRek dh vogsyuk gSa
rks mls [Link] ugha ekuk tk ldrkA
mPp ek/;fed f”k{kk ds Lrj ij Hkh ckydksa dks uSfrd
xq.k ds egRo dks le>kdj bls ckydksa ds O;fDrRo esa
“kkfey djuk gksxkA blh mez esa mls vPNs vkSj cqjs dk
Hksn djkdj] mjs] mPp f'k"Vkpkj fl[kkdj] mlds uSfrd [Link]
dk fodkl ,oa mls Hkfo"; ds ukxfjd cks/k ds fy, rS;kj fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
ckyd esa HkkSfrdrk] ijksidkj] U;k;] lR;] vkpj.k vkfn
mPp ewY;ksa ds izfr LFkk;h] Hkko tkx`r djus ds fy, ewrZ ls
vewrZ] LFkwy ls lw{e] ljy ls fo”ks’k fu;eksa dk ikyu djuk
pkfg,A mu mís';ksa ds fy, ckydks dks vR;Ur yksdfç;
egkiq#"kksa dh dgkfu;ksa@thou o`Ùkkar lqukuk pkfg,A
blls mPp vkn'kZ] uSfrdrk ds çfr laosxkRed lEcU/k LFkkfir
gks tk;sxk tks LFkk;h Hkko mRiUu djus eas lgk;d gksxkA
v/;;u dh vko';drk ,oa egRo :&
leL;k og ç'u gksrk gS ftlesa leL;k ls lacaf/kr fofHkUu
pjksa esa çdk;fRed laca/kksa dks Kkr djds lek/kku dh çkfIr
dh tkrh gSA vuqla/kku çfØ;k esa lcls [Link] ,oa çFke
pj.k leL;k dk lgh fuekZ.k gksrk gSA **leL;k xzhd Hkk"kk ls
fy;k x;k 'kCn gS ftldk vFkZ çLrkfor ç'u dks gy djuk gSA**
ts-lh- jkmuls.M ds 'kCnksa esa "leL;k ,d ,slk ç'uokpd
dFku gS ftlesa ,d leL;k ds lek/kku dks çLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA"
vk/kqfud ;qx esa fodkl dk vFkZ dsoy HkkSfrd lk/kuksa
dks çkIr djuk gksrk tk jgk gSA vkt ds HkkSfrdoknh ;qx esa
f'k{kk dk mís'; HkkSfrd lkexzh tqVkus dh dyk ls voxr djkuk
gks x;k gSA lekt ,oa ifjokj Hkh blh HkkSfrdoknh –f"Vdks.k
ls vf/kd çHkkfor gksrs tk jgs gSA uSfrd ewY;ksa dk egRo
dgha [kksrk lk tk jgk gSA ekuo /keZ ds cqfu;knh ewY;]
'kkafr] lkSgkæ] lfg".kqrk] çse o Lusg ds Hkko detksj gksrs
tk jgs gSA ;g cnyko gekjs fy, fpUrk vkSj fpUru nksuksa dk
fo"k; gS A
mijksä ckrksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, 'kks/kdrhZ us y?
kq 'kks/k çca/k gsrq **mPPk ek/;fed Lrj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds
uSfrd ewY;ksa dk muds 'kS{[Link] miyfC/k;ksa ij iM+us
okys çHkko dk v/;;uA" leL;k dk p;u fd;kA
v/;;u ds mís'; :&
çLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u ds v/;;u ds mís'; fuEufyf[kr gS &
 [Link] ek/;fed Lrj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds uSfrd ewY;ksa dk
v/;;u djukA
[Link] ek/;fed Lrj ds mPp uSfrd ewY;ksa okys fo|
kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kS{[Link] miyfC/k;ksa dk v/;;u djuk A
v/;;u dh ifjdYiuk,¡:&
çLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u ds v/;;u ds mís'; dh iwfrZ gsrq fufeZr
ifjdYiuk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gS&
[Link] ek/;fed Lrj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa muds mPp uSfrd
ewY;ksa dk mudh 'kS{[Link] miyfC/k;ksa ij lkFkZd
çHkko ik;k tk;sxk A
[Link] ek/;fed Lrj ds mPp uSfrd ewY;ksa okys fo|
kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kS{[Link] miyfC/k;ksa o fuEu uSfrd
ewY;ksa okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kS{[Link] miyfC/k;ksa
esa lkFkZd varj ik;k tk;sxk A
-----------------------dk {ks= ,oa ifjlheu :&
çLrqr 'kks/k esa 'kks/kdrhZ us ifjlhek dk fu/kkZj.k bl çdkj
fd;k gS :&
¼1½ çLrqr y?kq 'kks/k ds fy, iVuk ftys dk p;u fd;k x;kA
¼2½ çLrqr y?kq 'kks/k ds fy, iVuk ftys ds varxZr 05 fo|
ky;ksa dk p;u fd;k x;k A
¼3½ çR;sd fo|ky; ls 10 Nk= ,oa 10 Nk=k,a dqy 100 fo|
kfFkZ;ksa dk p;u fd;k x;k A
lEcfU/kr lkfgR; dk v/;;u%&
1- flag cyohj ¼2003½ & "mPp ek/;fed Lrj ds foKku ladk;
ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk i;kZoj.k ,oa thou ewY;ksa ds çfr
vfHko`fÙk dk v/;;u" fd;kA blds fu"d"kZ esa ik;k x;k fd mPp
ek/;fed Lrj ds foKku oxZ ds Nk= & Nk=kvksa dk i;kZoj.k
rFkk /kkfeZd lkekftd çtkrkaf=d lkSUn;kZRed vkfFkZd
vkuUne;h 'kfä o LokLF; ewY;ksa ds fy, #>ku leku gSA
KkukRed ewY; esa Nk=kvksa dk :>ku vf/kdA ikfjokfjd
çfr"Bk ds çfr Nk= & Nk=kvksa dk :>ku leku ugha gS A
2- Mkfutk] ,e- bokuksfod ,oa vU; ¼2002½ us 'kSf{kd
miyfC/k dk fofHkUu pjksa ds lkFk v/;;u fd;k A ;g ,d dkl
lsD'kuy v/;;u Fkk A fpyh esVªksiksfy;u {ks= ds çkFkfed
vkSj gkbZ Ldwy ds 4509 fo|ky; tkus okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa ij
v/;;u fd;k x;k A fu"d"kZ Lo:i ik;k x;k fd 'kSf{kd miyfC/k
fofHkUu dkjdksa ls çHkkfor gksrh gS] cPpksa dh fo|ky;h
mez] mudk ifjokj] 'kSf{kd o;oLFkk] iks"k.k] ckSf)d {kerk]
lkekftd laL—fr cPpksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dks lkFkZd :i ls
çHkkfor djrs gS A
3- ehuw vxzoky ¼2001½ "iVuk esa fofHkUu çdkj ds fo|
ky;ksa ds Nk=ksa ds O;fäRo vuq'kklu vkpj.k rFkk uSfrd
ewY;ksa dk rqyukRed v/;;u' fd;k A ftlds fu"d"kZ esa ik;k
x;k fd mPp ,oa fuEu lewgksa ds Nk=ksa ds O;fäRo dks fo|
ky;h fHkUurk çHkkfor ugha djrh gS fdUrq bl fHkUurk dk
çHkko Nk=ksa ds vuq'kklukRed O;ogkj] vkpj.k] ekuork]
ewY;] bZekunkjh] uezrk vkSj Jefu"Brk ij ik;k tkrk gS A
4- tjhu ¼2001½ us ifj"knh; ,oa futh çkFkfed fo|ky;ksa ds
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh [Link] esa fu"ifÙk ,oa d{kk okrkoj.k esa
lglEcU/k dk v/;;u fd;k A bl v/;;u dk çeq[k mís'; ifj"knh; ,oa
futh fo|ky;ksa ds Nk=ksa }kjk d{kk esa çR;{kh—r d{kk
okrkoj.k dh çeq[k 14 foekvksa rFkk [Link] dh fu"ifÙk esa
lglEcU/k Kku djuk A bl 'kks/k dk;Z ls fuEu fu"d"kZ çkIr gq;s
& 1- ifj"knh; o futh fo|ky;ksa ds Nk=ksa }kjk viuh
d{kkvksa esa çR;{kh—r vf/kxe leFkZd okrkoj.k dh 12 esa
ls 11 foekvksa esa vUrj gksrk gSA 2- futh o ifj"knh; fo|
ky;ksa ds Nk= viuh d{kk esa iqjLdkj dks leku ek=k esa
çR;{kh—r djrs gSaA
------------lbZn ¼2000½ us ;euh efgykvksa dh 'kSf{kd
miyfC/k dk oS;fäd v/;;u fof/k }kjk v/;;u FkkA v/;;u dk mís';
efgykvksa dh 'kSf{kd mifC/k esa ;ksxnku nsus okys
dkjdksa dk v/;;u fd;kA v/;;u esa ik;k x;k fd fL=;ksa dh
'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ikfjokfjd lg;ksx] vPNs okrkoj.k rFkk
ekrk&firk ds lg;ksx dk çHkko iMrk gSA
leL;k dk pj :&
Lora= pj :& fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk uSfrd ewY;
ijra= pj :& 'kS{[Link] miyfC/k
'kks/k fof/k :&
çLrqr y?kq 'kks/k esa 'kks/kkFkhZ }kjk losZ{k.k
fof/k }kjk tula[;k ls U;k;n'kZ ysdj y?kq 'kks/k dh leLr çfØ;k
esa çfrLFkkfir fd;k gSA
tula[;k :&
lekt'kkL= esa tula[;k ls rkRi;Z ,d fo'ks"k {ks= esa jgus
okys thoksa dh dqy la[;k dks n'kkZrk gSA tula[;k ds vUnj
vkus okyk çR;sd O;fä dqN igyw ,d nwljs esa ckaVrs gS tks
fd lkaf[;dh; :i ls vyx gks ldrk gS] ysfdu vxj vkerkSj ij ns[ksa
rks ;s varj brus vLi"V gksrs gS fd buds vk/kkj ij dksbZ
fu/kkZj.k ugha fd;k tk ldrk A
U;k;n'kZ fof/k :&
çLrqr y?kq 'kks/k çca/k esa 'kks/kdrhZ }kjk iVuk ftys dk
pquko fd;k x;k gS A çLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u gsrq 100 mPp
ek/;fed Lrj ds fo|kFkhZ U;k;n'kZ dk p;u fd;k tk;sxkA ftlesa
50 Nk= o 50 Nk=kvksa dk p;u fd;k tk,xkA

midj.k dk p;u:&
1- uSfrd ewY; Kkr djus gsrq e/kqfydk oekZ ,oa foU/ks'ojh
oDlj iokj }kjk fufeZr çekih—r Personal Values Scale dk ç;ksx fd;k
x;k A
2- 'kSf{kd miyfC/k Kkr djus gsrq M‚- ,- lsuxqIrk ,oa
çksQslj ,- ds- flax }kjk fufeZr 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ekiuh dk
ç;ksx fd;k x;kA
lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k :&
O;oLFkkiu gsrq vkadM+ksa dks lcls igys [Link];u fd;k tkrk
gS A lkaf[;dh; fof/k;ksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS mlds i'pkr~
lkexzh dh fo'ys"k.k dh O;k[;k dh tkrh gS A midj.k ls çkIr
çkIrkadksa -----------------vk¡dM+ksa dks fofHkUu
rkfydkvksa esa O;ofLFkr dj mudk fo'ys"k.k ek/;] e/;eku]
ekud fopyu ----------------- lglEcU/k dh [Link] dj dh x;h rFkk
[Link][k }kjk çnf'kZr dj] O;k[;k dh x;h A
1- v/;;u ds mís'; la[;k & 1
**mPp ek/;fed Lrj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds uSfrd ewY;ksa dk
v/;;u djukA" ds varxZr ifjdfYir ifjdYiuk Ho1 "ek/;fed Lrj ds fo|
kfFkZ;ksa esa muds mPp uSfrd ewY;ksa dk mudh
'kS{[Link] miyfC/k;ksa ij lkFkZd çHkko ik;k tkEcsxkA " dk
lR;kiu lglEcU/k [Link] dh enn ls fd;k x;k gS] ftlds
fo'ys"k.k ls çkIr [Link] dks [Link] Øekad 1 esa n'kkZ;k x;k
gSA
[Link] Øekad & 1
mPp ek/;fed Lrj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa muds mPp
uSfrd ewY;ksa o 'kS{[Link] miyfC/k;ksa ds
çkIrkadksa dk e/;eku vkSj lglaca/k [Link]
lglaca/k
pj la[;k ek/; laca/k
[Link]
mPp uSfrd
117 66-75
ewY;
0-192 /kukRed
'kS{[Link]
117 75-04
miyfC/k

fo'ys"k.k :&
mijksä [Link] n'kkZrh gS fd ek/;fed Lrj ds 117 fo|
kfFkZ;ksa dk mPp uSfrd ewY; ,oa muds 'kS{[Link]
miyfC/k;ksa dk e/;eku Øe'k% 66-75 o 75-04 gS rFkk muds
chp lglaca/k [Link] /kukRed gS blfy, mPp uSfrd ewY;
tSls&tSls fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa vf/kd gksrs gS mudh 'kS{[Link]
miyfC/k;ksa esa Hkh c<+ksrjh gksrh gSA
bl çdkj ifjdYiuk Øekad 1
mPp ek/;fed Lrj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa muds mPp uSfrd
ewY;ksa dk mudh 'kS{[Link] miyfC/k;ksa ij lkFkZd çHkko
ik;k tkosxkA "iq"V gksrh gS A
vkjs[k la[;k & 1
mPp ek/;fed Lrj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa muds mPp
uSfrd ewY;ksa o 'kS{[Link] miyfC/k;ksa ds
çkIrkadksa dk e/;eku vkSj lglaca/k dk n.M vkjs[k

mPp uSfrd 'kS{[Link]

2- v/;;u ds mís'; la[;k & 2
" ek/;fed Lrj ds mPp uSfrd ewY;ksa okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh
'kS{[Link] miyfC/k;ksa dk v/;;u djukA varxZr ifjdfYir ifjdYiuk
Ho2 "ek/;fed Lrj ds mPp uSfrd ewY;ksa okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh
'kS{[Link] miyfC/k;ksa o fuEu uSfrd ewY;ksa okys fo|
kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kS{[Link] miyfC/k;ksa esa lkFkZd varj ik;k
tk;sxkA** dk lR;kiu Økafrd vuqikr dh enn ls fd;k x;k gS]
ftlds fo'ys"k.k ls çkIr [Link] dks [Link] Øekad 2 esa n'kkZ;k
x;k gS&

[Link] Øekad & 2

 mPp ek/;fed Lrj ds mPp uSfrd ewY;ksa okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa o fuEu uSfrd ewY;ksa okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds
'kS{[Link] miyfC/k ds çkIrkadksa dk e/;eku] çeki fopyu ,oa Økafrd vuqikr n'kkZus okyh [Link]

CR
Økafr lkFkZd
çeki
miyfC/k la[;k ek/; d @lkFkZ
fopyu
vuqik d ugha
r
66-
mPp uSfrd 117 2-13
75 -01 Lrj ij
14-8
fuEu uSfrd 55- 7-01 lkFkZd
83
miyfC/k 59
fo'ys"k.k :&
[Link] ls Li"V gS fd ek/;fed Lrj ds mPp uSfrd ewY;ksa okys
117 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kS{[Link] miyfC/k;ksa dk e/;eku 66-75
rFkk fuEu uSfrd ewY;ksa okys 83 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh
'kS{[Link] miyfC/k;ksa dk e/;eku 55-59 rFkk nksuksa dk
çeki fopyu Øe'k% 2-19 o 7-01 gSA mPp uSfrd miyfC/k
okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk e/;eku fuEu uSfrd miyfC/k okys fo|
kfFkZ;ksa dh vis{kk vf/kd gS vFkkZr~ mPp uSfrd ewY;
okys fo|kFkhZ fuEu uSfrd ewY;ksa okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls
Js"B gS A
mPp rFkk fuEu uSfrd ewY;ksa okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds e/;eku
esa varj dh lkFkZdrk ds fy, Økafrd vuqikr dh [Link] dh xbZ
tks 14-8 çkIr gqvkA 198 Df ds fy, 01 Lrj ij CR dk [Link] ewY;
2-60 gS tks [Link]; 14-8 ls dkQh de gS vFkkZr~ mPp
uSfrd ewY; okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa o fuEu uSfrd ewY; okys fo|
kfFk;ksa dh 'kS{[Link] miyfC/k esa lkFkZd varj ik;k tkosxk
A
bl çdkj ifjdYiuk & 2
"ek/;fedLrj ds mPp uSfrd ewY;ksa okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh
'kSf{kd miyfC/k ,oa fuEu uSfrd ewY;ksa okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa
dh 'kS{[Link] miyfC/k;ksa esa lkFkZd varj ik;k tkosxkA "
iq"V gqbZA
n.M vkjs[k la[;k & 2
mPp ek/;fed Lrj ds mPp uSfrd ewY;ksa okys fo|
kfFkZ;ksa o fuEu uSfrd ewY;ksa okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa
ds 'kS{[Link] miyfC/k ds çkIrkadksa dk e/;eku] çeki
fopyu ,oa Økafrd vuqikr n'kkZus okyk n.M vkjs[k

mPp fuEu uSfrd

-----------------ek/;fed Lrj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa muds mPp

uSfrd ewY;ksa dk mudh 'kS{[Link] miyfC/k;ksa ij lkFkZd
çHkko ik;k x;k gSA
mPp ek/;fed Lrj ds mPp uSfrd ewY;ksa okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa
dh 'kS{[Link] miyfC/k;ksa o fuEu uSfrd ewY;ksa okys fo|
kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kS{[Link] miyfC/k;ksa esa lkFkZd varj ik;k
x;k gS A
lq>ko :&
1- uSfrd ewY; f'k{kk dks ikBîØe dk lfØ; va'k cuk;k tkos A
2- Lo;a f'k{kdksa dks uSfrd ewY;ksa ds vuq:i vkpj.k fu;r
djuk gksxk A
3- Ldwyksa esa fu;fer :i ls ikBîlgxkeh fØ;k,a vk;ksftr dj
budh ftEesnkfj;ka fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds e/; foHkkftr dj nh
tkosa A
4- fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vuq'kklu ds {ks= esa vkRefu;a=.k dk
çf'k{k.k fn;k tkuk gksxk A

lanHkZ xzaFk lwph:&

1& vLFkkuk] ,e-] ,oa oekZ] ds- ch- ¼2008½- O;fäRo
euksfoKku- fnYyh : eksrhyky cukjlhnklA 2& dqekj] Mh-
¼2012½- lekt'kkL=- ubZ fnYyh: VkVk eSdxzk fgy ,twds'ku
fyeVsMA
3& xqIrk] ,l- ih- ¼2007½- mPprj f'k{kk euksfoKku- bykgkckn :

'kkjnk iqLrd Hkou A

4& jk;] ih- ¼2010&11 ½ vuqla/kku ifjp;- vkxjk : y{eh ukjk;.k
vxzoky iqLrd çdk'ku A
5& oksgjk] ,- vkj- ¼2006½- ekufld LokLF; vkSj eu% fpfdRlk-
fnYyh : vk;Z çdk'ku eaMyA
6& ikBd] ih- Mh- ¼2011½- f'k{kk euksfoKku- vkxjk : vxzoky
ifCyds'kuA
7& 'kekZ] Mh- ,y- ¼2008½- mnh;eku Hkkjrh; lekt esa f'k{kd-
esjB : vkj- yky cqd fMiksA
8&Shodhganga-inflibnet-ac-in/
9- [Link] Retrieve
10& [Link] year Retrieve