nfXnkfJ^gzitK

s[bBkswe nfXn?B
 s[bBkswe nfXn?B dk wjZst pj[gZyh j?. fJ; okjhA fiZE/ ebkswe
r[DK dh uzrh ;{M jk;b j[zdh j? T[~E/ ebk d/ w[bKeD bJh ;[uZih e;"Nh dk
gsk bZrdk j?. fJ; dh n;b ftXh jh fJj j? fe ftPt ftnkgh YzrK Bz{ tos
e/ ftP/ dk ;zg{oB s"o s/ nfXn?B eoBk. s[bBkswe nfXn?B tZy^tZy okiK,
e"wK s/ ;fGnkukoK d/ b'eK d/ ;kfjs, ebk nkfd pko/ ikDB dk fJZe
PeshPkbh ;kXB j?. ebk ftZu ;zpzXs fJbke/ d/ b'eK dh ;w[Zuh ;'u s/
;fGnkukoe ftP/Psk w"i{d j[zdh j?. fi; dk s[bBkswe fdqPNh s'A nfXn?B
eoe/ n;hA wjZstg{oB Bshi/ gqkgs eo ;ed/ jK. NhHn?~;HfJbhnN B/
‘s[bBk s/ ftPb/PD’ Bz{ nkb'ue d/ d' w[ZbtkB ;zd gqtkB ehs/ jB. ezX^fuZsoK
d/ y/so ftZu ;jh nkb'uBkswe ;/X d[nkok n;hA ezX^fuZsoK d/ nzso ;zpzXK
s/ ;[jikswe gZyK pko/ uzrh ;{M jk;b eo ;ed/ jK. ezX^fuZsoK dk ehsk
s[bBkswe nfXn?B ebk d/ y/so ftZu pj[s wjZst oZydk j?.
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk, r[o{ jo;jkfJ d/ ezX fuZsoK tKr, fjzd{ ns/ f;Zy
ftfPnK Bkb ;zpzXs ezX^fuZso j'o eJh r[od[nkfonK, nykfVnK, ;wkXK,
wzdoK ns/ XowPkbktK ftZu th fwbd/ jB. fJjBK ftfPnK Bkb ;zpzXs
fuZso nzfwqs;o d/ okik;K;h fty/ r[od[nkok pkpk pho f;zx, r[od[nkok
PjhdK ns/ nzfwqs;o dopko ;kfjp bkr/ pz[rk okwrVQhnK, r[od[nkok pkpk
pekbk, r[od[nkok pkpk nNZb okJ/ ih nzfwqs;o, nykVk pkbk Bzd
nzfwqs;o, nykVk fuZNk nzfwqs;o, nykVk ekPhtkbk ns/ ;wkX wjzs wzrBh
okw, NKvk ;fEs pkpk w'jo f;zx dh ;wkX, j[fPnkog[o ;fEs okwNNtkbh
fgzv dk p?okrhnK dk wzdo nkfd ftZu t/y/ ik ;ed/ jB, go fJjBK ftZu
eJhnK EktK d/ ezX^fuZso, fiBQK pko/ gfjb/ y'iekoK B/ fIeo ehsk j?, BPN
j' u[Ze/ jB ns/ y'i ekoi d"okB id'A ;zpzXs EktK s/ ik e/ t/fynk frnk sK
T[BQK T[~go ;|/dh c/oh ik u[Zeh j? ns/ eJh d[obZG fuZso nkgDh j'Ad jh
fwNk p?m/ jB. fJ; bJh i' ezX^fuZso pu/ jB T[jBK Bkb jh n;hA
s[bBkswe nfXn?B eo ;ed/ jK.

167
 i/ n;hA ftP/ d/ nkXko *s/ rZb eohJ/ sK f;Zy ftP/ sfjs ;qh r[o{
BkBe d/t ih d/ fuZso pj[s EktK *s/ pDkJ/ rJ/ jB. 19thA Pskpdh d/
nkozG ftZu ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ fuZso gqkgs ;kwrZoh d/ nkXko s/ pDB/
P[o{ j' rJ/ ;B.1 ezX^fuZsoK ftZu r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ d' soQK d/ fuZso
fwbd/ jB. gfjbh soQK d/ fuZsoK ftZu Pqh r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih d/ ihtB Bz{
iBw ;kyhnK d/ nkXko s/ jh fuZsfonk frnk j?. iBw ;kyhnK *s/ nkXkos
fuZso nzfwqs;o fty/ r[od[nkok pkpk nNZb okJ/ ns/ T{B/ fty/ r[od[nkok
ebkXkoh fty/ fwbd/ jB. nzfwqs;o fty/ r[od[nkok pkpk nNZb okJ/ jh fJZe
n?;h fJwkos j? fi;dhnK ezXK T[go r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ ihtB Bz{ bVhpZX
o{g ftZu fuZsfonk frnk j? ns/ fJjBK T[~go fb\s th w"i{d j?.2 fJ; s'A
fpBK T{B/ fty/ r[od[nkok ebkXkoh d/ ezX^fuZso, i' fe fpbe[b BPN j' u[Ze/
jB, th iBw;kyhnK Bkb ;zzpzX fuZso ;B.3 fJ; s'A fJbktk pkpk pekbk,
pkpk w/jo f;zx dh ;wkX, NKvk, j[fPnkog[o nkfd ftZu th fuZsoB j'fJnk
j? go fInkdkso fuZsoK ftZu r[o{ BkBe d/t ih Bz{ GkJh pkbk ns/ wodkBk
ih d/ Bkb fdykfJnk frnk j?. fJ; d/ Bkb jh eJhnK EktK s/ r[o{ BkBe
d/t ih Bz{ nkgD/ ;g[ZsoK pkpk ;qhuzd ns/ bZywh uzd ih Bkb th fuZsfonk
frnk j?.
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk ftZu Pqh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ d' fuZso jh jB.
fJZe ftZu Pqh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih Bz{ f;ZXK Bkb ;ztkd oukT[Ad/ fdykfJnk frnk
j?. fJ; soQK dk fJZe fuZso nzfwqs;o d/ nykVk pkbkBzd fty/ th fuZsfonk
j'fJnk j?. d{i/ fuZso ftZu Pqh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih Bz{ nkgD/ gZ[soK Bkb
fuZsfonk frnk j? fi; dh d{ih T[dkjoD fIbQk nzfwqs;o d/ fgzv B"ozrkpkd d/

1 Kang., Kanwarjeet Singh. (Dr.) (1985). Wall Painting of Punjab and Haryana, Atma Ram
and sons, Kashmeree Gate, H.O. New Delhi, p. 76.
2 Arshi., P.S.(1986). Sikh Architecture, Intellectual Pub. House, New Delhi, Plate No. 107
(Now Demoused)
3 okIdkB,o[gkbh, r[od[nkok pkpk nNZb e/ Gh~sh fuZso, ghn?uHvhH Ehf;;, r[o{ BkBe d/t
:{Bhtof;Nh, nzfwqs;o, gzBk^156H

168
r[od[nkok pkpk pho f;zx fty/ fwbdh j?. fJ; fuZso ftZu r[o{ BkBe d/t ih
d/ d'jK g[ZsoK Bz{ fuZsfonk j'fJnk j?. r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ tZv/ ;g[Zso ;qhuzd
ih dk iBw ;zws 1551 (1494 JhL) ftZu ;[bskBg[o fty/ ns/ d/jKs 118 toQ/
dh nk:{ ftZu ;zws 1669(1612 JhL) Bz{ j'fJnk ;h. T[j T[dk;h wZs d/
gqukoe wjkB f;ZX j'J/ jB. S'N/ ;g[Zso bZywh uzd dk iBw ;zws 1553
(1496 JhL) Bz{ ;[bskBg[o fty/ ns/ d/jKs eoskog[o fty/ ;zws 1612 (1555
Jh) Bz{ j'fJnk. fJ; fuZso dk ;z:'iB r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso Bkb'A
tZyok j?. fiZE/ r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso ftZu r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dh
nkfeqsh Bz{ ftu'A^ftZu fuZsfonk j'fJnk j? id fe B"ozrkpkd d/ r[od[nkok
pkpk pho f;zx d/ ezX^fuZso ftZu r[o{ ;kfjp B{z yZp/ jZE fdykfJnk j? ns/
bZywh uzd ih ns/ ;qhuzd ih Bz{ T[~go EZb/ do;kfJnk frnk j?. bZywh uzd
ih d/ ;kjwD/ GkJh wodkBk ih dh nkfeqsh ;|/d fbpk; ftZu fuZsfonk frnk
j?, T[BQK d/ fgSb/ gk;/ fJZe f;Zy i' gq;kd b? e/ nkfJnk j?, dh nkfeqsh j?.
r[o{ ;kfjp d/ fgZS/ GkJh pkbk Bz{ u"o eod/ fuZsfonk frnk j?. d'jK fuZsoK
ftZu ;qhuzd ih B{z T[dk;h o{g ns/ bZywh dk; P;sopZX fuZso/ rJ/ jB. pkpk
pho f;zx d/ fuZso ftZu T[jBK d/ jZE r[o{ BkBe d/t ih tZb i'V/ j'J/ jB.
fJZe tZv/ nkb/ ekoD fJj fuZso d' GkrK ftZu T[bhfenk frnk ;h. fJwkos
d/ nkgD/ Io{oh nzrK p{j/, pkohnK s/ nkfbnK ekoD eJh fuZso d' fjZf;nK
ftZu tzv e/ T[bhe/ jB. r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso ftZu pkpk ;qh uzd ns/
bZywh uzd d/ f;o fgS/ gqekP wzvb BjhA fuZsfonk j?. pkpk ;hquzd ih B/ rb/
ftZu goBk gkfJnk j'fJnk j?, id fe d{i/ fuZso ftu ezBK ftZu f;o|
tkbhnK gkJhnK jB. d'jK fuZsoK ftZu g'Eh fdykJh rJh j?. r[od[nkok
g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso ftZu r[o{ ;kfjp dhnK yVktK ns/ fJZe rzrk;kro th
fuZsfonk j?. id'A fe pkpk pho f;zx ih d/ r[od[nko/ fty/ fuZso ftZu d'
rzrk;kro fuZso/ rJ/ jB. GkJh wodkBk dh nkfeqsh ;Zi/ gk;/ tZb d/y ojh j?

169
id fe r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk ftZu GkJh wodkBk ih dh yZp/ gk;/ tZb BIo j?.
;kohnK nkfeqshnK fJZe uPw fuZsohnK rJhnK jB. e/tb r[o{ ih dh
nkfeqsh jh ;BwZ[y j?. d{ik ftPk r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dk f;ZXK Bkb ;ztkd dk j?
i' fe pj[s gqw[Zy ns/ gquZbs ftPk fojk j?. fJj ftPk gzikp d/ eJhnK EktK
s/ fuZsfonk frnk j?, fiBQK ftu'A fJZe nykVk pkbk Bzd th j? fi; ftZu f;ZX
r'PfN dk fuZso j?. fJjBK d'jK fuZsoK d/ ;z:'iB, nkfeqsh fuZsoB, o{g G/d
nkfd ftZu pj[s n;wkBsk j?. d'jK ezX^fuZsoK ftZu r[o{ BkBe d/t ih ns/
f;ZXK dk gqw[Zy nkjw'^;kjwD/ p?m/ jB. d'jK Bz{ jh r'PfN dh GktBK nB[;ko
pokpo nzfes ehsk frnk j? d'jK fuZsoK ftZu d't/A uNkJh T[~s/ p?m/ jB, go
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso ftZu e/tb r[o{ ih d/ jh u"o ehsk ik fojk j?,
id fe nykVk pkbk Bzd d/ fuZso ftZu f;ZXK d/ Bkw nzfes BjhA ehs/ rJ/
f;ZXK dk ;/tkdko u"o th eo fojk j?. d'jK d/ fgZS/ sehJ/ jB. d'BK fuZsoK
ftZu d'jK d/ f;o d[nkb/ gqekP^wzvb j?. fuZsoK d/ ;z:'iB dh b'V nB[;ko
GkJh pkb/ ns/ j'o f;ZXK Bkb :'rhnK Bz{ j/mK do;kfJnk frnk j?. nykVk
pkbk Bzd d/ fuZso ftZu doZ\s Bkb fJZe fgziok th bNe fojk j?. f;ZXK
dhnK fJj nkfeqshnK ;zGts fe;/ eqw nB[;ko jh T[bhehnk j'DrhnK.
brGr ;kohnK f;ZX nkfeqshnK fdnK ezBK ftZu eBg/N :'rhnK tkbhnK
w[zdoK gkJhnK j'JhnK jB. fJj T[BQK dk ;Ekfgs gozgoktkdh fuzBQ ;h. d'jK
fuZsoK ftZu gqw[Zy nkfeqsh i' r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp dh j?, fgZS/ SKdko doZ\s
fuZsfonk j'fJnk j?. d'jK ftZu'A fJZe nkfeqsh n;wkB ftZu T[~vdh fdykJh
rJh j?.
r[o{ BkBe d/t ih Bz{ do;kT[Ad/ ezX^fuZsoK ftZu T[BQK d/ ;kEh GkJh pkb/
ns/ wodkB/ Bz{ fdykT[Dk, r[o{ ;kfjp d/ s;thoh o{g Bz{ ;keko eoB bJh fJZe
ftP/P nzr pD frnk ;h. e/tb T[jBK fuZsoK ftZu jh fJjBK dh nDj'Ad j?
fiBK ftZu ;ko/ f;Zy r[o{ ;kfjpkB B{z fJZefmnK fuZsfonk frnk j't/.

170
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk fty/ r[o{ BkBe d/t ih ns/ wodkBk d'BK Bz{ fpoX
nt;Ek ftZu fdykfJnk frnk j? id fe pkbk ih Bz{ itkB fuZsfonk frnk
j?. fJ;/ soQK ;wkX nykVk fuZNk, ;wkX wjzs wzrBh okw, B"ozrkpkd ;fEs
pkpk pho f;zx, nykVk pkbk Bzd nzfwqs;o, Pqh nekb s\s ;kfjp dh BPN
j' u[Zeh dhtko *s/ th r[o{ ;kfjp ns/ wodkBk d'jK Bz{ fpoX ns/ GkJh pkbk
Bz{ :[tk nt;Ek ftZu ftykfJnk frnk ;h. fJ; s'A T[bN jfor'fpzdg[ok d/
r[od[nkok ;fs eoskohnK ftZu GkJh wodkBk Bz{ :[tk fdykfJnk frnk j?.
;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp ;fEs okwrVQhnk p[zrk dh BPN j' u[Zeh fJwkos d/
ezX^fuZso ftZu r[o{ ;kfjp Bz{ fpoX ns/ wodkBk Bz{ :[tk fdykfJnk frnk
;h.4
;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih s'A pknd ;G s'A fInkdk ezX^fuZso ;qh r[o{
r'fpzd f;x ih d/ jh fwbd/ jB. ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;x ih d/ ezX^fuZso
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk s'A fJbktk j[fPnkog[o d/ okwNNtkbh, |fsjpkd ns/
okj'A fty/ skok f;zx r?pk dh ;wkX s/ fwbd/ jB. Pqh dopko ;kfjp,
nzfwqs;o ns/ o;{bg[o ftZu th r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk fJZe fuZso fwbdk
j?, fi; ftZu r[o{ ih Bz{ f;zxK d/ Bkb fuZsfonk frnk j? (fuZso 182). eJh
ezX^fuZsoK ftZu r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih Bz{ uko/ ;kfjpIkfdnK Bkb iK fco gzi
fgnkfonK Bkb fuZsfonk frnk. r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk ftZu th r[o{ r'fpzd
f;zx ih Bz{ f;zxK d/ Bkb g{oh PkB'^P"es Bkb fuZsfonk frnk j?. fJ; ftZu
j'oBK Bkb'A fJZe \k; nzso fJj j? fJ; ftZu EZb/ fJZe f;zx Bz{ pzd{e Bkb
do;kfJnk frnk j?. o;{bg[o fty/ T[bhe/ fJ; ftP/ d/ fuZso d/ ozr r{V/,
uwedko jB ns/ nZi th fJjBK dh uwe poeoko j?. fJ; ftZu fInkdkso
;[fBjoh, e/;oh ozr dh gqXkBsk j?. r[o{ ;kfjp d/ ;[fBjoh ozr dk u'}k

4 Singh, Patwant. The Golden Temple, Time Books International New Delhi, Painting
Published, p. 24.

171
gfjfBnk j'fJnk j? ns/ fJ;/ soQK dk u'}k nZr/^nZr/ uZb oj/ f;Zy ;/tkdko d/
th gfjfBnk j'fJnk j?, fi; B/ e/;oh fBPkB ;kfjp u[Zfenk j'fJnk j?. u"o
eo oj/ ;/tkdko B/ r/o{J/ ozr dh u{Vhdko gikwh gfjBh j'Jh j? ns/ jo/ ozr
dk u'}k gfjfBnk j?, idfe r[o{ ih ns/ nZr/ ub oj/ ;/tkdko d/ jo/ ozr dh
u{Vhdko gikwh gfjBh j'Jh j?. fJ; d/ ftgohs id'A n;hA r[od[nkok
g'Ehwkbk dk fuZso t/yd/ jK sK T[; ftZu Bhb/ ozr dh gqXkBsk BIo nkT[Adh
j? ns/ T[; fgZS'A ;[fBjoh ozr nkT[Adk j?. r[o{ ;kfjp d/ ;[fBjoh u'}k ns/
;|/d ozr dh gikwh gfjBh j'Jh j?. fJ; fuZso ftZu ;c?d ozr dk x'Vk
fuZsfonk j?, fi; eoe/ fgZmG{wh s'A fJj fInkdk T[~Go e/ pkjo BjhA
nkT[Adk. d{i/ gk;/ x'Vk jbek Bhb/ ozr dk fuZsfonk frnk j?. r[od[nkok
g'Ehwkbk d/ fJ; fuZso ftZu uko ;/tkdkoK B/ sK u'bk ns/ eSfjok gfjfBnk
j'fJnk j? ns/ e/tb fJZe B/ u{Vhdko gikwh gfjBh j'Jh j?. i/eo o/ykswe
;[zdosk dh rb ehsh ikt/ sK d'jK fuZsoK ftZu fJj ;[zdosk b?n Gog{o j?.
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso ftZu fuZsoeko B/ gfog/y Bz{ fdykT[D dh g{oh
e'fPP ehsh j?, go o;{bg[o d/ fuZso dh fgZmG{wh fpbe[b ;kdh j?.
Pqh r[o{ r'fpzd ih Bz{ do;kT[Adk fJZe j'o fuZso fIbQk ;zro{o ftZu
poBkb/ fty/ ;fEs pkpk fdnkb dk; dh ;wkX fty/ th t/yD Bz{ fwfbnk j?.
fJ; fuZso ftZu r[o{ ih Bz{ nzfes eoB bJh fBoXkos s;thoh fB:wK dh
gkbDk ehsh rJh j?. fJ; ;z:'iB nB[;ko T[~bhe/ Pqh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx d/ j'o
ezX^fuZsoK dhnK T[dkjoDK fibQk j[fPnkog[o ftZu NKvk ;fEs pkpk w'jB
f;zx dh ;wkX ns/ okwNNtkbh d/ p?okrh mke[od[nko/ ftZu d/yhnK rJhnK
jB, i' fe nZi uzrh jkbs ftZu BjhA jB. fJ; dh fJZe j'o pj[s T[~sw
T[dkjoD dopko ;kfjp, nzfwqs;o ftZu ;[oZfyns j?. fJjBK fuZsoK ftZu
x'V/ T[~s/ ;tko r[o{ ;kfjp Bz{ T[BQK d/ Pk;soK, Ykb, sbtko, sho^ewkB,
nkfd Bkb b?; fuZsfonk frnk j?. r[o{ ih Bkb uko gzi f;zx ;/tkdko ti'A

172
T[bhe/ rJ/ ;B fiBQK *u'A fJZe jw/Pk nrKj fBPkB ;kfjp u[Zeh iKdk fuZsfonk
j'fJnk j?. o;{bg[o ;fEs fuZso/ fuZso ftZu e/tb d' ;/tkdkoK Bz{ fuZsfonk
frnk j?. ;kohnK nkfeqshnK fJZe uPw jh jB. fJ;/ ;z:'iB dh ;wo{gsk
gzikp ftZu gqubs fotkfJs s'A ezX^fuZs/fonk dh go;go fBoGosk dk ;ze/s
fwbdk j?.
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk ftZu pkeh r[o{nK d/ ezX^fuZso th pDkJ/ rJ/ jB
gozs{ pkeh f;Zy r[o{nK Bz{ do;kT[Ad/ ezX^fuZso fInkdk EktK *s/ BjhA jB.
fJj fiZE/ fes/ th fuZso/ BIo nkT[Ad/ jB fJjBK B{z nkgD/ f;ZyK d/ Bkb p?m/
j'J/ fdykfJnk frnk j?, fgSb/ gk;/ fJZe f;Zy u"o eo fojk j[zdk j?. fJj
fJZe gqeko dk gqwkfDe fuZsowJh Yzr ;h fi;Bz{ pj[s/ fuZsoekoK B/ ;theko
ehsk j'fJnk ;h. d;K r[o{ ;kfjpkB dk fuZsoB p/Pe j'o th ;EkBK *s/ ehsk
frnk j? gozs{ r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk ftZu fInkdkso r[o{nK Bz{ x'V/ *s/ ;tko
do;kfJnk frnk j?. fJZe fuZso ftZu Pqh r[o{ nzrd d/t ih ns/ Pqh r[o{
nwodk; ih Bz{ fJZe g?Bb ftZu fJeZm/ do;kfJnk frnk j?.
f;Zy r[o{nK s'A pknd fiBQK ftfPnK Bz{ fInkdk fuZsfonk frnk T[j jB
f;Zy PjhdK, ;odkoK ns/ ;ogq;sK d/ fuZso. fJjBK ftZu fJZe gqf;ZX ftPk
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ uko/ ;kfjpIkfdnK dk fuZso j?. r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk
fty/ ;kfjpIkdk nihs f;zx, i[Mko f;zx, |fsj f;zx ns/ I'okto f;zx Bz{
do;kT[Adk fJZe fuZso j?, fi; ftZu fJjBK Bz{ x'V;tkoh eod/ j'J/ do;kfJnk
frnk j?. ;kfjpIkfdnK dk x'V;tkoh dk fJZe fuZso nzfwqs;o fty/
r[od[nkok pkpk nNZb okJ/ dh dhtko *s/ th fwfbnk j? go fJ; ftZu
;kfjpIkfdnK Bz{ fJZe esko ftZu do;kfJnk frnk j?. f;Zy ;odkoK d/
fuZsoK ftZu wjkokik yVe f;zx, ezto B"fBjkb f;zx, ;zXktkbhnk ;odkoK,
;odko Pkw f;zx nNkohtkbk ns/ ;odko bfjDk f;zx wihmhnk Bz{ fuZsfonk
j?. fJjBK d/ ftneshrs fuZso BjhA fwbd/, go nzfwqs;o d/ nykVk pkbk

173
Bzd fty/ wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/ Bkb wjkokik yVe f;zx ns/ ezto
B"fBjkb f;zx d/ fuZso Io{o T[gbZpX jB.
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ ezX^fuZsoK ftZu feZf;nK Bz{ th ftP/P EK fdZsh
rJh j?. fJ; ftZu ;'jDh wjhAtkb, jho oKMk ns/ ;Z;h g[zB{ Bz{ fuZsfonk
frnk j?. gzikp d/ gqhs feZ;/ fiBQK ftZu jho oKMk, fwoIk ;kfjpk, ;'jDh
wjhAtkb, okik o;kb{ eJh fJwkosK dhnK ezXK T[~go pD/ d/y/ ik ;ed/ jB.
fJjBK ftfPnK B{z r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk s'A fJbktk, ;wkX pkpk wkB f;zx
;'Yhtkbk Ihok ftZu th t/fynk ik ;edk j?. fJ; s'A fpBK e[ZM gqhs feZ;/
xB{g[o (fuZso 183), nfjwdrVQ d/ B/V/ fgzv Sgko d/ r[Zrk gho, gzu wzdo
|fsjrQV u{VhnK (fuZso 184) fty/ th d/y/ ik ;ed/ jB.5 fIbQk nzfwqs;o,
ftZu soBskoB^gZNh ;Ve T[~s/ fgzv i"Vk B/V/ ;fEs gbfenkDk ;kfjp wzfdo
dk fJZe ezX^fuZso fwoIk ;kfjpk d/ gqf;ZX feZ;/ Bz{ fuZsos eodk j? ns/
fwoI/ Bz{ ;kfjpk d/ GoktK d[nkok wko d/D dh gqw[Zy xNBk Bz{ fpnkBdk j?.
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk ftZu jho oKMk, ;'jDh wjhAtkb ns/ ;Z;h g[Bz{ d/ feZf;nK
dhnK gqw[Zy xNBktK Bz{ bVhtko fuZsfonk frnk j?.
feZ;k fuZsoB dh j'o T[dkjoD xB{g[o (fIbQk nzfwqs;o) ftZu ;odko
bkb f;zx dh ;wkX fty/ th t/yD Bz{ fwbdh j?. fJ; fuZso ftZu wjhAtkb Bz{
pz;oh tikT[Ad/ j'J/ ftykfJnk frnk j? ns/ wZMK dk fuZsoB th tZyo/ jh Yzr
Bkb ehsk j'fJnk j?. fJj pZeohnK tKr nkeko ftZu S'NhnK jB ns/ fJjBK
d/ f;zr th e[zvbdko jB id fe g'Ehwkbk fty/ fuZso/ ;'jDh wjhAtkb d/ fuZso
ftZu ikBtoK Bz{ fuZsfonk jh BjhA frnk. wjhAtkb Bdh d/ feBko/ M"gVh nZr/
doh s/ p?mk j? ns/ ;'jDh B/ rfjD/ th gfjB/ j'J/ jB, id fe xB{g[o fty/
fuZso/ fuZso ftZu ;'jDh d/ ezBK ftZu tkbhnK jh gfjBhnK j'JhnK jB ns/
jZEK ftZu u{VhnK jB. fJ; fuZso ftZu fJZe j'o nkfeqsh d{i/ pzB/ *s/ M"gVh

5 Kang, Kanwarjeet Singh. (Dr) (1985).Wall Paintings of Punjab & Haryana, Atma Ram and
Sons, p. 87.

174
ftZu p?mh fdykJh d/ ojh j?. fuZsoB fpbe[b ;kdk j?. r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk
fty/ pD/ ;'jDh wjhAtkb fuZso d/ w[ekpb/ fJj fuZso fInkdk gqGktPkbh BjhA
j?. feZf;nK Bkb ;zpzXs fuZso p/Pe fInkdk EktK s/ BjhA fwbd/ gozs{ fiZE/
fes/ th fJj fuZsoB t/yD Bz{ fwfbnk j?, T[BQK ftu'A \{p;{os ns/ gqGktPkbh
fuZsoB g'Ehwkbk d/ ezX^fuZso ftZu j?. xB{g[o dk fJj fuZso bx{ fuZsoK d/
tX/o/ B/V/ j?. ;[fBjoh ozr d/ nkb/yB ekoB fuZso pj[s gqGktPkbh pD iKdk
j? ns/ fuZso ftZu ;[fBjoh ozr dh gqXkBsk j? fJ;d/ ftgfos g'Ehwkbk dk
fuZso ftZu Bhb/ ozr dh ns/ jbe/ ozr dh gqXkBsk j?. xB{g[o dk fuZso
;wsb nkeko ftZu j? ns/ r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk dk fuZso yVQt/A nkeko ftZu
j?. fJ; fuZso ftZu o/ykswe ;[zdosk ;k| BIo nkT[Adh j? ns/ o/yk
b?nGog{o j?. dfonk d/ gkDh Bz{ x[wktdko o/yktK Bkb do;kfJnk frnk j?
ns/ fgZmG{wh *s/ S'N/^S'N/ doZ\sK Bz{ fuZsfonk frnk j?. xB{g[o d/ fuZso ftZu
x[wktdko o/yktK dh EK s/ f;ZXhnK o/yktK Bz{ fuZsfonk frnk j?. dfonk ftZu
ikBtoK dhnK nkfeqshnK th fuZsohnK rJhnK jB. fuZso Bz{ ;[fBjoh ns/
bkb p/b p{fNnK d/ jkPhJ/ Bkb fPzrkfonk j?, id fe g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso bkb
ozr d/ ;kd/ jkPhJ/ ftZu jB. xB{g[o d/ w[ekpb/ r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/
ezX^fuZso d/ ozr ek|h x;w?b/ j' u[Ze/ jB.
jho oKM/ d/ feZ;/ Bz{ do;kT[Adk fJZe j'o fuZso gzu wzfdo, |fsjrQV
u{VhnK nzfwqs;o fty/ pfDnk j'fJnk j?. fJ; fuZso ftZu oKM/ Bz{ r'oyBkE
d/ Bkb fdykfJnk frnk j?, id'A fe r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk ftZu jho ns/ oKM/ Bz{
izrb ftZu do;kfJnk j? ns/ e?d'A u{oh b? e/ GZi fojk j?. fuZso dk ;z:'iB
ns/ nkfeqshnK dh pDso fpbe[b ;jh j?. d{i/ fuZsoB Bkb s[bBk ehsh ikt/
sK r[o{d[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZsoeko d[nkok fuso/ feZ;/ ftZu fInkdk
;[Gkftesk BIo nkT[Adh j?. feZf;nK Bz{ fuZsos eodk fwoIk ;kfjpk dk
feZ;k r[od[nkok gbfenkDk ;kfjp nzfwqs;o fty/ th fuZsfonk frnk j? fJ;

175
ftZu ;kfjpk d/ GoktK tb'A fwoI/ Bz{ wkoB dk fdqP fuZsfonk frnk j?. gzu
wzdo, |fsjrVQ u{VhnK d/ fuZso ftZu oKM/ dk i'r b?D bJh r'oyBkE e'b
ikD dk fdqP fuZsfonk j? gozs{ r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso ftZu j'o xNBk
Bz{ fuZsfonk j?. fJ; ftZu oKM/ B/ f;o s/ grVh, X'sh, goBk ns/ rb/ ftZu
w'shnK dhnK wkbktK th gfjBhnK j'JhnK jB, id fe gzu wzdo d/ fJ;
fuZso ftZu oKM/ dk f;o w[zfBnk j'fJnk j? ns/ Poho s/ eZgV/ th xZN jB,
rb/ ftZu wkbk Io{o gfjBh j?. ebkswe s"o s/ r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk dk
fuZso tX/o/ ;[zdo j? ns/ rsh Gog{o j?, go ozr, ;z:'iB d/ nXko ’s/ gzu
wzdo dk fuZso tX/o/ Y[ZetK j?. fuZso ftZu uNe r/o{JA/ ozr dh gqX kBsk ;k|
BIo nk ojh j?. jkPhJ/ dk fuZsoB th gzu wzdo d/ fuZso dk tX/o/ \{p;{os
j? fi; d/ w[ekpb/ r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso d/ ozr x;w?b/ g? u[Ze/ jB
ns/ jkPhJ/ th ;kd/ jB.
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ ftZu GrsK d/ eJh fuZso jB fiBK ftZu fJZe
fuZso Grs epho dk th j?. fJ;d/ Bkb fwbdk^i[bdk fuZso o;{bg[o fty/
pfDnk j'fJnk j? (fuZso 185). i/ fJ;dh s[bBk r[o{d[nkok g'Ehwkbk ftZu
pD/ Grs epho d/ fuZso Bkb eohJ/ sK gsk bZrk j? fe fJj fuZso nkg;
ftZu ek|h ;wkBsk oZyd/ jB go fJj fuZso, d{i/ s'A T[bN fuZsfonk frnk j?
ns/ fJjBK d/ ;z:'iB ftZu n;wkBsk j?. r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso ftZu
epho ih yZp/ gk;/ Bz{ yZvh s/ eZgVk p[D oj/ jB idfe d{i/ fuZso ftZu fJj
;Zi/ gk;/ Bz{ j?. r[o{d[nkok g'Ehwkbk tkb/ fuZso ftZu d' ;kX{ ;Zi/ gk;/ p?m/ jB
gozs{ d{i/ fuZso ftZu yZp/ gk;/ jB. d'jK ftZu Grs epho dh gsBh b'Jh
uo\k eZs ojh j?. fJj Grs Bkwd/t s/ Grs epho dk ;KMk fuZso j?. fJZe
j'o fuZso Grs epho dk nykVk pkbk Bzd s'A fwbdk j? (fuZso 186). fJj
th r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso Bkb ek|h ;wkBsk oZydk j?. fJ; ftZu
g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso tKr opkph Ppd rkT[Ad/ do;kJ/ rJ/ jB go fJj ;kX{nK

176
dh Ekt//A fdykJ/ rJ/ jB. fJjBK ftZu Grs epho dk g[Zso ewkb skD/ Bz{ gkD
bkT[Ad/ j'J/ do;kfJnk frnk j?. fJjBK fszBK fuZsoK ftZu epho, b'Jh s/
ewkb brGr fJZe' fij/ fuZso/ rJ/ jB. w[Zy s"o ’s/ fJjBK fszBK fuZsoK ftZu
fJZe \k; rZb t/yD ftZu nkJh j? fe nykVk pkbkBzd d/ fuZso ftZu opkph
ns/ ns/ o;{bg[o d/ fuZso ftZu ;kX{nK B{z fuZsfonk frnk j? idfe
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk ftZu fJZe' fuZso ftZu d'jK B{z ftykfJnk frnk j?.
ozr^:'iBk dh i/ rZb eohJ/ sK r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso d/ ozr fcZe/ g?
u[Ze/ jB, idfe o;{bg[o ns/ nykVk pkbk Bzd d/ fuZso ek|h jZd sZe
;[oZfyns jB ns/ fJjBK dh ozr^:'iBk th ewkb dh j?. r[od[nkok
g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso ftZu fuZsoeko B/ gfog/y bJh d{o j'o M"gVhnK Bz{
T[bhfenk j?. fi; d/ ftgfos nykVk pkbkBzd d/ fuZso ftZu gfog/y tZb
e'Jh fInkdk fXnkB d/D dh e'fPP BjhA ehsh rJh ns/ o;{bg[o fty/ ftub/
fuZso dh fgZmG{wh th ;kdh jh j?. fJjBK ftZu fto'Xh ozrK dh tos'A ehsh
rJh j?. o;{bg[o d/ fuZso ezX d/ nzdob/ gk;/ nkb/ torh irQk *s/ fuZso/ jB
fi; d/ nkb/^d[nkb/ \{p;{os p/bp{fNnK d/ jkPhJ/ T[bhe/ j'J/ jB, fJj bkb
ns/ Bhb/ ozr ftZu jB. nykVk pkbkBzd dk fJj fuZso yVQt/A nkeko ftZu j?,
fi; d/ fJZe gk;/ Bhb/ ns/ d{i/ gk;/ bkb ozr d/ jkPhJ/ pDkJ/ j'J/ jB.
nykVk pkbk Bzd ns/ o;{bg[o d/ fuZso ftZu Grs epho ih ns/ T[BQK dh
gsBh dh nkfeqsh ;Zi/ gk;/ j?, idfe r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso ftZu fJj
d't/A yZp/ gk;/ jB.
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk ftZu fJZe fuZso Grs Bkwd/t ih dk j?. fJ;/ ftP/
dk fuZso o;{bg[o ftZu th fwbdk j? (fuZso 186). r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk tkb/
fuZso ftZu wzdo dk dotkIk ;gZPN s"o *s/ Bkwd/t ih tZb do;kfJnk frnk
j? ns/ r[zpd r'b pDkfJnk frnk j? idfe d{i/ ftZu wzdo she'Dk j?.
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk tkb/ fuZso ftZu fJZe ftnesh fJZe uPw o{g ftZu

177
do;kfJnk frnk j?, id'A fe d{i/ ftZu fJ; Bz{ fgZm tZb'A fuZsfonk frnk j?
ns/ fJ; fuZso T[~gobh fbyas ;k| ns/ ;gZPN j?. r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk tkb/
fuZso ftZu Grs Bkwd/t s'A d{i/ gk;/ fJZe gzvs fdykfJnk frnk j?, id'A fe
d{i/ fuZso ftZu d' gzvs do;kJ/ rJ/ jB. fJZe j'o th nzso j? fe Pqh feqPB,
i' fe ftPBz{ GrtkB d/ jh ntsko jB, dhnK ;gZPN s"o s/ uko pkjK jB
id fe d{i/ ftZu d' pkjK pDkJhnK rJhnK jB. d'BK fuZsoK ftZu Pqh feqPB
ns/ Grs Bkwd/t ih d/ fuZsoB ftZu fInkdk nzso BjhA j?.
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk dhnK ezXK *s/ Pqh okwuzdo ns/ ;qh feqPB dh
ihtB^eEk ft;Eko Bkb fuZsoh rJh j? gozs ftPBz{ ntsko pko/ ;zfygs
gfou: jh j?. r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZsoK Bkb T[BQK ;kohnK fJwkosK d/
fuZsoK ftZu n;wkBsk fJ; gZy'A th j? fe pkeh fJwkosK ftZu ;qh okwuzdo
ns/ ;qh feqPB dh ihtB eEk d/ Bkb^Bkb pkeh ntskoK Bkb ;zpzXs gqw[Zy
xNBktK dk toDB th fwbdk j?. ;'Yh fwjopkB ih B/ nkgDh gqf;ZX pkDh
‘;[ywBh ;jz;qBkwk’ ftZu fJjBK d'BK gqw[Zy ntskoK dh eEk Bz{ ft;Eko
g[ote fuZsfonk j? ns/ pkeh nzfPe toDB j?. ;qqh feqPB i' fe
ezX^fuZsoekoh bJh jowB^fgnkok ftPk j?, Bkb ;zpzXs ftP/ brGr jo
fJwkos ftZu fwbd/ jB, pZ; fJjBK d/ fuZsoB ftZu jh fGzBsk BIo nkT[Adh
j?. Pqh feqPB^iBw Bkb ;zpzXs fuZso pho GkB d/ fPtkb/ ns/ mke[od[nkok
nzfwqs;o nkfd EktK s/ t/fynk ik ;edk j?(fuZso 187) ns/ (fuZso
188).r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk ftZu fuZso/ feqPB^iBw fuZso ns/ d{i/ fuZso ftZu
nkeko dk |oe j? ns/ pho GkB d/ fPtkb/ ftZu fJj fuZso fJwkos d/ pkjo
pfDnk j'D ekoB fJ; dh w"i{dk jkbs pj[s \okp j?. fszB'A EktK d/ fuZsoK
ftZu tk;{d/t d/ t;soK ftZu pj[s nzso j?. r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso
ftZu tk;{d/t d/ t;so tX/o/ uzr/ ns/ rfjD/ gfjB/ j'J/ jB. fJ; d/ ftgohs
pho GkB fty/ fuZsos fuZso pj[s ;kdk j?. r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZsoK

178
ftZu ;iktNh gZy tX/o/ BIo nkT[Adk j? gozs{ j'oBK EktK d/ fuZsoK ftZu
nfijk xZN t/yD Bz{ fwbdk j?. fJ; dk ekoB fJj th j' ;edk j? fe
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ ezX^fuZsoK d/ fus/fonK Bz{ ;ogq;sK tb'A nkofEe s"o
s/ tX/o/ y[ZbQ ;h fi; eoe/ T[BQK B/ fJjBK fuZsoK Bz{ \{p;{osh Bkb ns/ pVh
jh ohM Bkb fuZsfonk j?. ebkswe gZy s'A t/fynk ikt/ sK r[od[nkok
g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZsoK ftZu uzr/ fuZso j'D dhnK ;kohnK \{phnK w"i{d jB.
fszBK ;EkBK d/ fuZsoK ftZu'A r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso dh ozr :'iBk tX/o/
gqGktPkbh j? gozs{ phoGkB d/ fuZso dh ozr^:'iBk pj[s jh ;kdh j?.
mke[od[nkok d/ fuZsoK ftZu r{VQ/ bkb ozr d/ gqGktPkbh jkPhJ/ Bkb ns/ Bhb/
ozr dh tos'A eoe/ gqGkt tXkT[D dh ;cb e'fPP ehsh rJh j?. mke[od[nkok
dk fJj fuZso torkeko j?, idfe r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk ns/ phoGkB dk
fuZso ;wsb nkeko ftZu fuZsfonk frnk j?.
fJ; s'A fpBK ;qh feqPB dhnK r'ghnK Bkb bhbQktK, pkb bhbQktK,
feqPB ih d/ ftnkj dk fuZsoB, feqPB o[ewk dk :[ZX, s'A fpBK feqPB ns/
okXk d/ eJh fuZso, fiBQK ftZu fes/ T[j pk} ftZu feZebh gk oj/ jB, fes/
ghAx M[Nd/ j'J/, u"gN y/vd/ j'J/, po;ks d/ w";w dk nkBzd wkDd/ j'J/ ns/
feqPB okXk dk f;o tkj[zd/ j'J/ nkfd nfij/ fuZso th jB i' pkeh EktK s/
xZN jh t/yD Bz{ fwbd/ jB. fJZe fuZso ftZu Pqh feqPB noiB Bz{ T[gd/P d/
oj/ jB fJj ftPk pho GkB ns/ fuZNk nykVk nzfwqs;o (fuZso 189) fty/ th
fuZsfonk frnk j?. Pqh feqPB ih d/ fuZsoB ftZu T[BQK dh t/PG{Pk nkfd ftZu
;wkBsk j? gozs{ noiB Bz{ d'B'A EktK s/ tZy'^tZyo/ Yzr Bkb fuZsfonk frnk
j?. phoGkB d/ fPtkb/ fty/ th fJ; ftP/ Bz{ fuZsfonk frnk j?. nykVk fuZNk
nzfwqs;o dk fJj fuZso eJh soQK d/ jkPhJ/ Bkb fPzrkfonk frnk j?, i' fe
bkb ns/ Bhb/ ozr ftZu T[bhe/ rJ/ jB. fJ; fuZso ftubk ;[fBjoh ozr ek|h
\okp j' u[Zek j?, gozs{ nkgDh w'i{drh do;k fojk j?. d{i/ gk;/ r[od[nkok

179
g'Ehwkbk dk fJj fuZso ek|h jZd sZe ;[oZfyns j?. fJ; dh fgZm G{wh s/
;[fBjoh ozr ehsk frnk j?. T[~go gofdnK Bz{ T[bhfenk frnk j?. fJ; ftZu
;qh fePB ns/ noiB yV/ jB. noiB ;qh feqPB nZr/ jZE i'Vh yVQk j?.
nykVk fuZNk d/ fJ; fuZso ftZu d'tK Bz{ p?m/ fuZsfonk frnk j?. noiB d/
jZE ftZu sho ewkB j? ns/ t/PG{Pk th :[ZX d"okB gfjBh ikD tkbh j?. d'tK
dhnK nkfeqshnK d/ fgZS/ r'b sehJ/ fuZso/ rJ/ jB. fJ; fuZso ftZu ;qh
feqPB B/ w[e[N gfjfBnk j'fJnk j? ns/ ;[fBjoh ozr dk u'}/ Bkb rb/ ftZu
goBk gfjfBnk j'fJnk j?, idfe r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso ftZu ;[fBjoh
ozr dh X'sh ns/ rb/ ftZu goBk ns/ w[e[N gfjfBnk j'fJnk j?. d'tK EktK d/
fuZsoeko Bz{ N'B dk g{ok frnkB j'D pko/ gsk ubdk j?.
‘Pkw ;kyh’ dk fJZe fuZso i' fe r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk dh fJwkos ftZu
t/fynk frnk j?. fpbe[b fJ;/ soQK dk Pqh feqPB ns/ okXk dk fuZso fuZNk
nykVk nzfwqs;o ftZu t/yD Bz{ fwbdk j?. fJjBK d'jK fuZsoK d/ ;z:'iB ftZu
;wkBsktK jB, feqPB ns/ okXk d/ p?mD ns/ T[BQK d/ t;soK, nkG{PDK ns/
fuZsoB^P?bh ftZu ek|h ;wkBsk j? (fuZso 190).
wjKGkos Bkb ;zpzXs fJZe'^fJZe fuZso d'q'gdh^uhojoB dk ftPk j? i'
fe g'Ehwkbk dhnK ezXK *s/ fuZsfonk frnk j?. fJ; dh fJe j'o T[dkjoD
mke[od[nkok nzfwqs;o, nykVk pkbk Bzd nzfwqs;o fty/ th fwbdh j? (fuZso
191 ns/ 192). nykVk pkbk Bzd dk fuZso tX/o/ ;iktNh j? ns/ uzrh jkbs
ftZu j?, idfe r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso d/ ozr MV u[Ze/ jB. fuZso ftZu
d[Pk;B dq'gdh dk uhojoB eo fojk j?, gzi/ gKvt BhthA gkJh p?m/ jB,
;kjwD/ u"gN ns/ P;so th gJ/ jB. fgSb/ gk;/ wfjb dk e[ZM fjZ;k BIo
nk fojk j?. nzfwqs;o ;fEs nykVk pkbk Bzd dk fJj ezX fuZso wjKGkos
wjkekft ftZu'A j?, fi; ftZu i{J/ ftZu jko/ gKvt nkgD/ jfEnko ;[ZN e/
fBokP p?m/ fdykJ/ jB id'A fe fiZs/ j'J/ e'ot do'gdh Bz{ BrB eoB dk :sB

180
eo oj/ jB. doPeK bJh nkfeqshnK dh PBk\s bJh fuZsoeko B/ ;zpzXs Bk
th r[ow[yh nZyoK ftZu nkfeqshnK d/ Bkb^Bkb fby/ jB. ozr^:'iBk d/
nkXko s/ rZb ehsh ikt/ sK nykVk pkbkBzd d/ fuZso dh ozr^:'iBk
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk ns/ mke[od[nkok d/ fuZso Bkb'A tX/o/ uzrh j?. fJjBK
fszBK fuZsoK ftu'A mke[d[nkok d/ fuZso dh jkbs t/jZd so;:'r j? ns/
nkfeqshnK fInkdk ;gZPN th BjhA jB. nykVk pkbk Bzd d/ fuZso ftZu
d[o:'XB Bz{ f;zxk;B *s/ p?fmnK yZp/ gk;/ fuZsfonk j?, idfe r[od[nkok
g'Ehwkbk ftZu ;Zi/ gk;/ fuZsfonk frnk j?, d[o:'XB f;zxk;B s/ p?mk j? ns/
fgZS/ d' ;/tkdko yVQ/ jB. d'jK fuZsoK ftZu gkvtK Bz{ j/mb/ gk;/ fJZe esko
ftZu fuZsfonk frnk j?. ‘do'gdh uho^joB’ dk fJj ezX^fuZso Bkoh dh
;wki ftZu ;dhnk s'A ubh nk ojh d[odPk tb fJPkok eodk j?. Be'do
fty/ bkbk u{jV wZb d/ mke[od[nko/ ftZu th wjkGkos d/ Bkb ;zpzXs
ezX^fuZso fwbd/ jB.6
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk ftZu ftPBz{ d/ ntsko GrtkB go;{okw d/ d[nkok
;j;sopkj{ d/ pZX dk fuZso j?. go;{okw d[nkok ;j;sopkj{ d/ pZX Bkb
;zpzXs fJZe fuZso mke[od[nkok nzfwqs;o (fuZso 193), wjzs wzrDh okw dh
;wkX ns/ PhP wfjb gfNnkbk fty/ th fwbdk j?. fJjBK fuZsoK ftZu fiZE/
ftP/ dh ;wkBsk j?, T[~E/ ;z:'iB ftZu ek|h |oe j?. r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk dk
fuZso ek|h jZd sZe \okp j' u[Zek j?. fuZso dhnK nkfeqshnK ;gZPN BjhA
jB. g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso ftZu go;{okw Bz{ j/mK ;j;sopkj{ dk pZX eod/
fdykfJnk frnk j?. n;wkB ftZu ekwX/Bz{ rK ns/ ebg fpqS fdykJh d/ oj/
jB, id fe d{i/ fuZso dk ;z:'iB T[bN j?. ;z:'iB p/Pe fszB' fuZsoK ftZu
tZy^tZy j?, ;wkBsk fJ; ftZu j? fe fJZe jh ezX d/ u'yN/ ftZu fJZe ejkDh Bz{
d' iK fszB GkrK ftZu tzv e/ fuZsos eoB dk th fotki ;h. fszBK fuZsoK

6 Kang., Kanwerjeet Singh. (Dr.) (1985). Wall Paintings of Punjab and Haryana, p. 76.

181
ftZu ;koh eEk Bz{ d' gVktK ftZu nzfes ehsk frnk j?. wjzs wzrBh okw dh
;wkX d/ fJ; fuZso ftZu ;Zi/ gk;/ d/ Gkr ftZu foPh iwdrBh dh T[;d/
nkPow nZr/ fwqse d/j T[;dh gsBh o/D[ek dh r'd ftZu do;kJh rJh j?.
ekwX/Bz{ rK nkPow d/ fgZS/ fuZsos j?. fJ; fuso ftZu nkPow Bz{ gZe/ xo
tKr fusfonk frnk j? ns/ foPh iwdrBh ns/ T[; dh gsBh d/ t;so pj[s
;iktNh jB. foPh d/ f;o s/ w[eN ns/ rb/ ftZu wkbktK th gfjBhnK jB
ns/ Poho T[~go fdZsh j'Jh ukdo th gkodoPh j?, foPh d/ jZE ftZu wkbk
BIo nk ojh j?, idfe r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk ns/ mke[od[nkok d/ fuZso fJ;
s'A fpbe[b T[bN jB. fJjBK fuZso dk ;z:'iB yV's ftZu j? idfe wjzs
wzrBh okw d/ fuZso dk ;z:'iB fdr^wzvbh j?. fiZE/ fJ; fuZso ftZu nkPow
gZe/ xo tKr fuZsfonk j? T[~E/ r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso ftZu fJj fJZe
e[Nhnk tKr fuZsfonk frnk j? ns/ mke[od[nkok d/ fuZso ftZu fJj fJZe e{Zg
tKr BIo nk fojk j?. o/D[ek ns/ iwdrBh dh nkfeqsh e[Nhnk d/ w[ekpb/
pokp[o dh jh j?. fJjBk EktK d/ fuZsoK ftZu o/De[k ns/ iwdrBh dk fuZsoB
pj[s ;kdk j? ns/ d'jK ftZu o/D[ek nkgD/ f;o s/ jZE oZyh d[yh nt;Ek ftZu
p?mh j?. mke[od[nkok d/ fuZso ftZu ekwX/Bz{ rK Bz{ ;G s'A T[~go fdykfJnk j?
idfe pkehnK ftZu eZ[Nhnk d/ fgS/ fuZso d/ d{i/ Gkr ftZu go;{okw
;j;sopkj{ Bkb :[ZX eo fojk j?. r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk ftZu fJj :Z[X dk
fdqP j/mK fdykfJnk frnk j?, idfe mke[od[nkok d/ fuZso ftZu :[ZX dk fdqP
T[gob/ gk;/ j? ns/ wjzs wzrBh okw fty/ fuso/ fuZso ftZu fJj fdqP yZp/
gk;/ tZb j?. fJjBK fuZsoK ftZu fJZe ftP/P nzso fJj th j? fe wjzs wzrBh
okw d/ fuZso ftZu ;j;sopkj{ Bkb T[;dh ;?Bk th BIo nk ojh j?, idfe
pkeh EktK d/ d'jK fuZsoK ftZu nfijk e[ZM BjhA j?. go;{okw ;j;sopkj{ Bz{
e/;K s'A cV e/ wko oj/ jB ns/ j/mK T[;dhnK eNhnK j'JhnK pkjK BIo nk
ojhnK jB.

182
 fJ; s'A pknd ;w[zdo wzEB dk ftPk pj[s jh gqubs ftPk j?. fJj
ftPk nzfwqs;o d/ pho GkB d/ fPtkb/ (fuZso 194), PhP wjZb gfNnkbk,
j[fPnkog[o d/ okwNNtkbh nkfd EktK s/ t/fynk ik ;edk j?. fJjBK
;kfonK ftZu PhP wjZb gfNnkbk dk fuZso tX/o/ gqGktPkbh j? ns/
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk dk fuZso d{;o/ ;EkB s/ nkT[Adk j?. fuZso ;z:'iB ftZu
ek|h ;wkBsk j? fuZso ftZu 14 osBK Bzz{ gqrN j[zd/ ftykfJnk frnk j?,
ftukb/ ftPBz{ Bz{ eZS{^ntsko d/ o{g ftZu fuZsfonk frnk j?. phoGkB d/
fPtkbk ezX^fuZsoK d/ fJ; fuZso ns/ r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZso ftZu
nkeko dk |oe j?, p/PZe fJj d'B' jh fdrwzvbh fuZso jB. d'jK fuZsoK ftZu
ftPBz{ dh nkfeqsh wZX ftZu fuZsoh rJh j? ns/ fJe gk;/ dkBt ns/ d{i/ gk;/
d/ts/ P/PBkr ;w[zdo wzEB eoe/ nzfwqs dh gqkgsh ftZu :sBPhb jB.
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk dk fuZso g{oh soQK Bkb \okp j' u[Zek j?, fJ; fuZso d/
ozr fpbe[b MV u[Ze/ jB fi; eoe/ fJj fuZso finkdk ;gZPN BjhA j?. pho
GkB d// fPtkb/ ftubk fJj fuZso pkjo tkbh dhtko s/ fuZsos j? ns/ fJj
th pj[s fInkdk ;gZPN BjhA j?, gozs{ fXnkB Bkb t/yD s/ fPt ih ns/
pqjwk ih dh nkfeqsh ns/ fJZe d' j'o d/tfsnK dhnK nkfeqshnK BIo
nkT[AdhnK jB. d'jK fuZsoK dh ozr^:'iBk ;kdh j?.
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk ftZu pqjwk, ftPBz{, fPt ns/ T[jBK dhnK dh
gsBhnK d/ nkdw eZd fuZso pD/ j'J/ jB. fJ;/ soQK d/ tZv/ nkeko d/ fuZso
nzfwqs;o d/ mke[od[nkok fty/ th t/y/ ik ;ed/ jB (fuZso 195 ns/ 196)
fJj Gkt/A pj[s \okp j' uZ[e/ jB, go fco th i/eo fJjBK d/ ;z:'iB ftZu
e'Jh yk; nzso BIo BjhA nkT[Adk, fJj e/tb T[bN fdPk ftZu fuZso/ rJ/
jB. r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk ftZu fPt gkotsh, okXk feqPB, okw ;hsk s'A fpBK
GrsK ns/ d/th d/tfsnK Bz{ vkNK T[~go r'b nkeko ftZu th fuZsfonk frnk
j?.

183
 ;{oi dk fuZso i' fe r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk dh SZs, vkNK ns/ fwjokpK
s/ fdykJh fdzdk j? (fuZso 143). T[jh ;kBz{ eoskog[o ;fEs ;wkX phph
GkBh, pkpk nNZb okJ/ ih ns/ nzfwqs;o ;fEs wkJh fNZeh d/ wzdo ftZu,
mke[od[nkok nzfwqs;o, nykVk fuZNk dh SZs s/ t/fynk ik ;edk j? (fuZso
197 ns/ 198), go fJjBK ;kfonK d/ nkeko, ozr, t/PG{Pk nkfd ftZu nzso
j?. fiZE/ g'Ehwkbk ns/ r[od[nkok pkpk nNZb okJ/ ih d/ ns/ nykVk fuZNk d/
;{oi d/ wZE/ *s/ fsbe ns/ ;fji Gkt jB T[ZE/ ;wkX phph GkBh d/ ;{oi d/
fujo/ s/ eq'X d/ Gkt ;k| fdykJh d/ oj/ jB. nykVk fuZNk fty/ ;{oi r'b
SZs d/ wZX ftZu pDkfJnk frnk j? pkpk nNZb okJ/ ih fty/ ;{oi SZs s/ j?
go fJj wZX ftZu BjhA j?. r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk dk ;{oi fJZe dhtko s/ j?
ns/ SZsK d/ wZX ftZu th fuZsfonk frnk j?. fJ; Bz{ fes/^fes/ wfjokpK d/
wZX ftZu th fuZsfonk frnk j?.
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ Xkofwe ezX^fuZsoK ftZu wjkg[oPK d/
g'oNo/N; T[BQK d/ fujfonK fgZS/ gqekP^wzvb pDkfJnk frnk j?. fJj fujo/
fgZS/ ghb/ ozr dk, fi; ftZu ;{oi dhnK feoBK gqekPwkB j[zdhnK ;B.
T[dkjoD d/ s"o s/ r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ ezX^fuZsoK ftZu e/tb r[o{nK d/
fuZsoK ftZu fujfonK d/ fgZS/ gqekP^wzvb fuZsfonk frnk j? ns/ fJj ghb/
ozr ftZu j?, gozs{ nzfwqs;o ;fEs r[od[nkok ;qh nekb s\s ;kfjp d/
ezX^fuZsoK ftZu fJj gqekP^uZeo ekb/ ozr ftZu fuZsfonk frnk ;h.7
nzfwqs;o d/ jh nykVk fuZNk ftZu r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ fujo/ fgS/ bkb ozr
dk gqekP^wzvb j? fi; ftu'A ghb/ ozr dhnK feoBK fBebdhnK fdykJhnK
jB.
BkohnK Bkb ;zpzXs ezX^fuZsoK ftZu fjzd{ d/thnK, gzikp dhnK
o'wK;tkdh ejkDhnK d/ w[Zy fJ;soh gkso ns/ ;EkBe wPj{oh dhnK n"osK

7 ezr, eztoihs f;zx, (vkH) (1988) gzikp d/ ezX fuZso, gpbhe/PB fpT{o', gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,
gfNnkbk, gzBk^58H

184
fuZsohnK rJhnK jB. fJj fuZsoB ;[szso th j? ns/ ;w{j ftZu th.
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk s'A fpBK gzikp dhnK eJh fJwkosK ftZu fJj fuZsoB
BIo nkfJnk j?. fJj fuZso fInkdkso fJZe uPw P?bh ftZu T[bhe/ rJ/
jB. tZy^tZy ftfPnK d/ gqrNkt/ d/ Bkb^Bkb jh fJj ezX^fuZso BkohnK d/
;wekbhB jko fPzrko, ftP/Peo rfjfDnK d/ gq:'r dk ;wkfie nfXn?B th
g/P eodk j?. rfjfDnK ftZu f;o^wkok, uzdB jko, pkI{pzd nkfd dhnK
;EkBe tzBrhnk d/yhnK ik ;edhnK jB. fiZE/ r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/
ezX^fuZso ni/ ek|h jZd sZe mhe jB T[~E/ d{ihnK EktK d/ fJj Bkoh fuZso
fiBQK ftZu ibzXo ftZu ;fEs pkpk johjo d/ wzdo d/ fJj ezX^fuZso j[D
nkgDh ;[zdosk s'A tKM/ j' u[Ze/ jB. gqkuhB ;w/ s'A jh wzdoK, jt/bhnK ftZu
d[nkogkb dhnK w{oshnK pDkT[D dh gqEk ubh nk ojh j?. fJj d[nkogkb
fJwkos d/ w[Zy gqt/P tkbh EK s/ oZfynk bJh ;ze/se w{oshnK d/ o{g ftZu
pDkJ/ iKd/ ;B. pknd ftZu id'A w{oshnK pDBhnK pzd j' rJhnK sK
ezX^fuZsoK dh gozgok d/ I'o cVB Bkb ezX^fuZsoK d/ o{g ftZu d[nkogkb
T[bhe/ ikD bZr/ ns/ fJj fuZso e/tb wzdoK ftZu jh BjhA ;r'A ;wkXK,
nykfVnK, v/fonK, ns/ r[od[nkfonK ftZu th pDB/ nkozG j' rJ/. r[od[nkok
g'Ehwkbk s'A fpBK j[fPnkog[o d/ NKvk fty/ pkpk w'jo f;zx dh ;wkX nkfd
EktK s/ th d[nkogkb T[bhe/ rJ/ jB. f;Zy Xkofwe ;EkBK dhnK ezXK T[~s/
fJj d[nkogkb gozgok nB[;ko jh pDkJ/ rJ/. fJj ne;o fBjzrK d/ o{g
ftZu fuZso/ jB, i' ;wekbh ;wkfie sZE dh ;kyh God/ jB. fJj eJhnK
EKtK s/ nkdw^eZd d/ T[bhe/ rJ/ jB, fit/A NKvk fty/ pkpk w'jo f;zx dh
;wkX d/ fuZso t/y/ ik ;ed/ jB. r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ d[nkogkb fuZso
tZv/ ns/ S'N/ d'tA/ gqeko d/ jB. fJjBK B{z u'pdko ns/ d[nkogkb fbfynk
frnk j?. d'jK fuZsoK ftZu ftP/P nzso fJj j? fe pkpk w'jo f;zx dh ;wkX
d/ fuZso ftZu d[nkogkb Bzrh sbtko cVh yV/Q jB, idfe r[od[nkok

185
g'Ehwkbk d/ d[nkogkb jZE ftZu u'p cVh yV/ jB. d'jK d/ gfjokftnK ftZu
th pj[s nzso j?. pkpk w'jo f;zx dh ;wkX d/ fuZso ftZub/ fBjzr f;zx dh
grVh T[s/ uZeo bZr/ j'J/ jB ns/ s[obk th SZfvnk j'fJnk j?. r[od[nkok
g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZsoK ftZu u'pdko ns/ d[nkogkb tZy' tZyo/ s"o s/ fuZso/ jB.
wB[Zyh nkfeqshnK d/ Bkb Bkb nB/eK gqeko d/ gP{, gzShnK dhnK
nkfeqshnK th tZy^tZy fJwkosK dhnK ezXK s/ BIo nkT[dhnK jB. fJjBK
dh p/johB T[dkjoD r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk ns/ dopko ;kfjp nzfwqs;o ftZu
d/yh ik ;edh j?. pj[sh t/o gzShnK B{z do;kT[d/ fuZso ezXK d/ T[jBK GkrK
T[~s/ fuZso/ iKd/ ;B fiZE/ Xoksb dh b'V nfijh j't/, fit/A ezXK dh puh xZN
EK B{z ;fuZso eoB bJh. nfijhnK S'NhnK EktK T[~s/ fsZso, x[Zrh, w'o
nkfd s'A fJbktk eJh tko pKdo, frbjohnK nkfd B{z th nk;kBh Bkb
fuZsfonk iKdk j?, go r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk ftZu gzShnK d/ fJj
nkb/yB^fuZso ezX^fuZsoK dh gqZw[y gqtkBrh dk jh Gkr jB ns/ fJjBK B{z
th d{;o/ fuZsoK ;wkB jh EK fwbh j? ns/ fJj fuZso frDsh ftZu th tZX
jB. soBskoB B/V/ B"ozrkpkd ftZu pkpk pho f;zx, |fsjrVQ u{VhnK fty/
wjkokDh uzd e"o dk wzdo nfijhnK fJwkosK dh tXhnk T[dkjoD jB.
dopko ;kfjp nzfwqs;o ns/ r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk fJ; gqeko dh fJwkos dh
;G s'A T[~sw T[dkjoDK jB.
r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk ftZu ezX^fuZsoK d/ u"frod/ ehsh ikD tkbh
BZekPh, p/b p{N/, jkPhJ/ ftZu th j'oBK ezX^fuZsoK d/ Bkb ;wkBsktK d/yD
ftZu fwbdhnK jB. fJjBK d/ fuZsoB dh \{p;{os T[dkjoB r[od[nkok
doPBh fvT{Vh (fuZso 199) ns/ mke[od[nkok nzfwqs;o (fuZso 200) fty/
j?. fJjBK ftZu fJZe' ;wkB s/I bkb, Bhbk, ghbk ns/ ;|/d ozr gq:'r ehsk
frnk j?. fJjBK ezX^fuZsoK Bz{ ebgBk d/ nkXko *s/ jh fuZsfonk frnk j?,
Gkt/A T[j r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ ezX^fuZso j'D iK fco j'o fe;/ EK d/.

186
 r[o{d[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ ezX^fuZsoK ftZu fJj th d/yD ftZu nkfJnk j?
fe e[ZM fuZsoK ftZu gqw[Zy gksoK d/ Bkb ;jkfJe gksoK Bz{ th ;iktNh
fuZsfonk frnk j? fit/A fe r[ZiohnK d/ fuZso ftZu Pqh feqPB ns/ r[ZiohnK
d'jK dh t/PG{Pk \{p;{os j?. r[ZiohnK Bz{ th ehwsh fbpk; ns/ rfjfDnK
ftZu fuZsfonk frnk j?. e[ZM fuZsoK Bz{ SZv e/ pkehnK ftZu nzso ;gZPN j'
jh iKdk j?.
;', ;zg{oB s"o *s/ id'A n;hA r[o{d[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ ezX^fuZsoK dh
s[bBk pkeh e/AdoK Bkb eod/ jK sK T[~E/ ;kB{z fJjBK fuZsoK ftZu ;wkBsk
ns/ n;wkBsk d't/A BIo nkT[dhnK jB.
;wkBsk dh rZb eohJ/ sK fJj ftP/ dh u"D ftZu j? feT[Afe jo fuZsos
fJwkos p/Pe T[j Xkofwe j't/ iK fco }?o^Xkofwe, ftPk fJe' fijk jh
fbnk frnk j?, fiBQK ftZu fjzd{ fwfEjk;e eEktK, r[o{nK, GrsK d/ fuZso,
wjkokfinK, ;ogq;sK, fw;bdkoK, izrK d/ fuZsoK d/ Bkb gqf;ZX gqhs rkEktK
B{z th fuZsfonk j?. fJjBK s'A fpBK e[ZM nfij/ fuZso th jB i' e/tb ;iktNh
Pq/Dh ftZu nkT[Ad/ jB. gqfeosh fuZsoB d/ Bkb wkBth fuZsoB th p/jZd
nuzfGs eo d/D tkb/ Yzr Bkb pDkJ/ rJ/ jB. fes/ fes/ ;[szso o{g ftZu
fJ;soh ns/ g[oP dk fuZsoB th j?. fi~E/ fJ;sohnK B{z r[ioh, ;zrhseko,
gq/fwek ns/ wK d/ o{g ftZu fuZsfonk j? T[~E/ g[oP B{z fBjzrK, u"gdkoK,
d[nkogkb iK ;/Bkgsh nkfd d/ o{g ftZu fuZsfonk j?.
ftfPnK ftZu fiZE/ ek|h jZd sZe ;wkBsk j? T[~E/ nkfeqsh fuZsoB,
;z:'iB ns/ gqfeosh fuZsoB ftZu n;wkBsk BIo nkT[Adh j?. r[od[nkok
g'Ehwkbk d/ fuZsoekoK B{z ftnesh fuZsoB, gP{^gzSh fuZsoB, T[BQK d/ ;[Gkn
pko/ uzrk frnkB jk;b ;h fi; eoe/ fJj o{g ;jh nB[gks ftZu fuZso/ j'J/
jB. nkfeqshnK d/ B?D^BeP \{p;{os jB ns/ tZv/ nkeko d/ fuZsoK ftZu
g{oh rkEk B{z pj[s ;{MtkB sohe/ Bkb bVhpZX ehsk j?. fJ; soK dk ;z:'iB

187
pkeh e/AdoK ftZu t/yD B{z xZN jh fwbdk j?. d;K r[o{ ;kfjpkB B{z nkgD/
;/teK Bkb fuZsfonk j?. fJjBK Bkb pkpk fgqEhuzd, pkpk wjKd/t, pkpk
fwjopkB B{z th ‘r[o{’ o{g ftZu fuZsfonk j?, fJ; eoe/ th r[od[nkok
g'Ehwkbk fJZe ftbZyD gfjukD oZydk j?. r[od[nkok g'Ehwkbk d/ ezX^fuZso
ebkswe gZy s'A T[~u gZXo d/ jB.

188