Calculs de Mensuration et Formules
Calculs de Mensuration et Formules
{ks=fefr ¼esalqjs'ku½
lHkh [Link]; fopkj nSfud thou ds vuqHkoksa ls mtkxj gq, gSAa ekuo dh lcls igyh
vko';drk oLrq,¡ fxuus dh FkhA blls la[;kvkas ds fopkj dk mn~xe gqvkA tc ekuo us
Qlyksa dks mxkuk lh[kk] rks mls fuEu izdkj dh leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+k%
(i) ml [ksr] tgk¡ Qly dks mxk;k tkuk gS] fd pkjksa vksj ,d ckM+ yxkuk ;k ,d izdkj
dh ifjlhek dh jpuk djukA
(ii) fofHkUu Qlyksa dks mxkus ds fy,] fofHkUu ekiksa dh Hkwfe cafVr djukA
(iii) fofHkUu Qlyksa ds varxZr fofHkUu mRiknuksa dks lafir djus ds fy,] mi;qDr LFkku
cukukA
bu leL;kvksa ls ifjekiksa ¼yackb;ks½a ] {ks=Qyksa rFkk vk;ruksa dks ekius dh vko';drk iM+h]
ftuls ckn esa ,d [Link] dh 'kk[kk dk mn~xe gqvk ftls {ks=fefr (Mensuration) dgk
tkrk gSA bl 'kk[kk es]a ge dqN ,slh leL;kvksa dk gy djrs gS]a tSlsfd [ksr ds pkjksa vksj
dk¡Vsnkj rkj yxkus dh ykxr Kkr djus] fdlh dejs ds Q'kZ ij yxk, tkus okyh Vkbyksa
dh la[;k Kkr djuk] ,d nhokj dh jpuk djus ds fy, vko';d b±Vksa dh la[;k Kkr djuk]
,d nh gqbZ nj ij fdlh [ksr dh tqrkb djkus dk O;; Kkr djuk] fdlh dkWyksuh eas ikuh
dh vkiwfrZ ds fy, ,d ikUkh dh Vadh cukus dh ykxr Kkr djuk] est+ dh Åijh lrg ij
ikWfy'k djkus ;k ,d njokts ij isVa djkus dk O;; bR;kfnA mijksDr izdkj dh leL;kvksa
ds dkj.k] dHkh&dHkh {ks=fefr dks QuhZpj vkSj nhokjksa dk foKku dgk tkrk gSA
mijksDr izdkj dh leL;kvksa dks gy djus ds fy,] gesa ljy can lery vkÑfr;ksa ¼vkÑfr
tks ,d gh ry esa fLFkr gks½ ds ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy rFkk Bksl vkÑfr;ksa ¼os vkÑfr;k¡ tks
lai.w kZ :i ls ,d gh ry esa fLFkr u gks½a ds i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru Kkr djus iM+rs gSAa
vki ifjeki] {ks=Qy] i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru dh vo/[Link] ls igys ls gh ifjfpr
gSAa bl ekWM~;yw eas] ge buds ckjs esa mu [Link] vkSj lw=ksa ls izkjaHk djrs gq, ftuls vki
igys ls gh ifjfpr gS]a foLr`r :i ls ppkZ djsx a sA
lery vkÑfr;ksa ds ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
20 [Link]
vki vusd lery vkÑfr;ksa tSls vk;r] oxZ] lekarj prqHkqZt] f=Hkqt] o`Ùk] bR;kfn ls igys
gh ifjfpr gks pqds gSAa vki fofHkUu lw=ksa dk iz;ksx djds buds ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy Kkr
djuk Hkh tkurs gSAa bl ikB es]a ge bl Kku dk iquxZBu djsx a s rFkk buds vkxs dqN vkSj
v/;;u djsx a s] fo'ks"k :i ls f=Hkqt dk {ks=Qy Kkr djus ds fy, ghjksu ds lw= dk rFkk
o`Ùk ds ,d f=T;[kaM dk {ks=Qy Kkr djus ds lw= dk v/;;u djsx a sA
mís';
bl ikB dk v/;;u djus ds ckn] vki leFkZ gks tk;sx
a s fd%
• igys lh[ks gq, lw=ksa dk iz;ksx djds dqN f=Hkqtksa vkSj prqHkZqtksa ds ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy
Kkr dj lds(a
• ,d f=Hkqt dk {ks=Qy Kkr djus ds fy, ghjksu ds lw= dk iz;ksx dj lds(a
• dqN ljy js[kh; vkÑfr;ksa ¼vk;rkdkj iFk Hkh lfEefyr gS½a ds {ks=Qy] mUgsa ifjfpr
vkÑfr;ks]a tSls f=Hkqt] oxZ] leyac] vk;r] bR;kfn esa foHkkftr djds] Kkr dj lds(a
• ,d o`Ùk dh ifjf/k vkSj {ks=Qy Kkr dj lds(a
• o`Ùk ds ,d f=T;[kaM ds ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy ds fy, lw=ksa dks fuxfer dj ldsa vkSj
mUgsa le> ldsa(
• mijksDr lw=ksa dk iz;ksx djds o`Ùk ds f=T;[kaM ds ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy Kkr dj lds(a
• vkÑfr;ksa ds dqN la;kstuksa ds {ks=Qy] ftuesa o`Ùk] f=T;[kaM rFkk lkFk gh f=Hkqt] oxZ
vkSj vk;r Hkh lac) gks]a Kkr dj lds(a
• fofHkUu lery vkÑfr;ksa ds ifjekiksa vkSj {ks=Qyksa ij vk/kkfjr nSfud thou dh
leL;kvksa dks gy dj ldsAa
[Link] 485
ekWM~;wy–4 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
visf{kr iwoZ Kku
• f=Hkqt] prqHkqZt] lekarj prqHkqZt] leyac] oxZ] vk;r vkSj o`Ùk tSlh ljy can vkÑfr;k¡
rFkk muds [Link]
[Link]
• ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy ds fy, fofHkUu bdkb;k¡ tSls eh vkSj eh2, lseh vkSj lseh2, feeh vkSj
feeh2 bR;kfnA
• ,d bdkbZ dk nwljh bdkb;ksa esa ifjorZuA
• {ks=Qyksa ds fy, cM+h bdkb;k¡ tSls ,dM+ vkSj gsDVs;jA
• fofHkUu vkÑfr;ksa ds ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qyksa ds fy, fuEufyf[kr lw=%
(i) vk;r dk ifjeki = 2 (yackbZ + pkSMk+ bZ)
1
(vii) leprqHkqZt dk {ks=Qy = × [Link]± dk [Link]
2
1
(viii) leyac dk {ks=Qy = (lekarj Hkqtkvksa dk ;ksx) × muds chp dh nwjh
2
486 [Link]
lery vkÑfr;ksa ds ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
vki dqN fo'ks"k lw=ksa dk iz;ksx djds] dqN fof'k"V prqHkqt Z ksa ¼tSls oxZ] vk;r] lekarj prqHkqt
Z ]
bR;kfn½ vkSj f=Hkqtksa ds ifjekiksa vkSj {ks=Qyksa ds ifjdyuksa ls Hkh ifjfpr gSAa vkb, bl Kkr
dks dqN [Link] dh lgk;rk ls iquxZfBr djsAa
mnkgj.k 20.1: ml oxZ dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft, ftldk ifjeki 80 eh gSA
[Link]
gy: eku yhft, fd oxZ dh yackbZ a eh gSA
vr% oxZ dk ifjeki = 4 × a eh
blfy,, 4a = 80
80
;k a= = 20
4
gy: (i) [ksr ij ckM+ yxkus ds fy, vko';d dkaVsnkj rkj dh yEckbZ
= [ksr dk ifjeki
= 343.65 eh2
mnkgj.k 20.3: ml lekarj prqHkqZt dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,] ftldk vk/kkj 12 lseh rFkk
laxr 'kh"kZyca 8 lseh gSA
gy: leakrj prqHkqZt dk {ks=Qy = vk/kkj × laxr 'kh"kZyc
a
= 12 × 8 lseh2
= 96 lseh2
[Link] 487
ekWM~;wy–4 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
mnkgj.k 20.4: ,d f=Hkqtkdkj [ksr dk vk/kkj mlds laxr 'kh"kZyca dk frxquk gSA ;fn
` 15 izfr oxZ ehVj dh nj ls bl [ksr dh tqrkbZ djkus dk O;; ` 20250 gks] rks bl [ksr
dk vk/kkj rFkk laxr 'kh"kZyca Kkr dhft,A
gy: eku yhft, fd laxr 'kh"kZyca x eh gSA
[Link]
vr%] vk/kkj = 3x eh
1
blfy, [ksr dk {ks=Qy = vk/kkj × laxr 'kh"kZyca
2
1 3x 2 2
= 3x × x eh =
2
eh ....(1)
2 2
lkFk gh [ksr dh tqrkbZ ij ` 15 izfr oxZ ehVj dh nj ls O;; = ` 20250
20250 2
vr% [ksr dk {ks=Qy = eh
15
= 1350 eh2 ...(2)
(1) rFkk (2) ls gesa izkIr gksrk gS
3x 2
= 1350
2
1350 × 2
x2 = = 900 = (30 )
2
;k
3
;k x = 30
vr%] laxr 'kh"kZyca 30 eh vkSj vk/kkj = 3 × 30 eh = 90 eh gSA
mnkgj.k 20.5: ml leprqHkZqt dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft, ftlds [Link]± dh yackb;k¡
16 lseh rFkk 12 lseh gSAa
1 1
gy: leprqHkqZt dk {ks=Qy = × [Link]± dk [Link] = × 16 × 12 lseh2
2 2
= 96 lseh2
mnkgj.k 20.6: fdlh leyac dh lekarj Hkqtk,¡ 20 lseh rFkk 12 lseh gSa rFkk muds chp dh
nwjh 5 lseh gSA bl leyac dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,A
1
gy: leyac dk {ks=Qy = (lekarj Hkqtkvkas dk ;ksx) × muds chp dh nwjh
2
1
= (20 + 12) × 5 lseh2 = 80 lseh2
2
488 [Link]
lery vkÑfr;ksa ds ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
3. fdlh vk;rkdkj [ksr dh yackbZ vkSj pkSMk+ bZ Øe'k% 22.5 eh rFkk 12.5 eh gaSA Kkr
dhft,:
(i) [ksr dk {ks=Qy
(ii) [ksr ds pkjksa vksj ckM+ yxkus ds fy, vko';d dk¡Vsnkj rkj dh yackbZ
4. fdlh vk;r dh yackbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ 3 : 2 ds vuqikr esa gSAa ;fn vk;r dk {ks=Qy
726 eh2 gS] rks mldk ifjeki Kkr dhft,A
6. fdlh f=Hkqt dk {ks=Qy 280 lseh2 gSA ;fn bl f=Hkqt dk vk/kkj 70 lseh gS] rks mldk
laxr 'kh"kZyca Kkr dhft,A
7. ml leyac dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft, ftldh 26 lseh rFkk 12 lseh yEckb;ksa okyh
lekarj Hkqtkvksa ds chp dh nwjh 10 lseh gSA
8. fdlh leprqHkqZt dk ifjeki 146 lseh rFkk bldk ,d [Link] 48 lseh yack gSA blds
nwljs [Link] dh yackbZ Kkr dhft,A
ijarq dHkh&dHkh gesa ,d f=Hkqt dk vk/kkj rFkk laxr 'kh"kZyca ugha fn;k gksrk gSA blds LFkku
ij gesa f=Hkqt dh rhuksa Hkqtk,a nh gqbZ gksrh gSAa bl fLFkfr esa Hkh ge ,d Hkqtk ds laxr 'kh"kZyca
¼Å¡pkbZ½ Kkr djds {ks=Qy Kkr dj ldrs gSAa vkb, bls ,d mnkgj.k dh lgk;rk ls Li"V
djsaA
mnkgj.k 20.7: ml f=Hkqt ABC dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft, ftldh Hkqtk,¡ AB, BC vkSj CA
Øe'k% 5 lseh, 6 lseh vkSj 7 lseh gSAa
[Link] 489
ekWM~;wy–4 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
gy: vkÑfr 20-1 esa n'kkZ, vuqlkj AD ⊥ BC [khafp,A
A
eku yhft, BD = x lseh
vr%, CD = (6 – x) lseh gSA 7
5
[Link] vc ledks.k f=Hkqt ABD ls gesa izkIr gksrk gS%
AB2 = BD2 + AD2 (ikbFkkxksjl izes;) B D
6
C
1 1
vr% ΔABC dk {ks=Qy = BC × AD = × 6 × 2 6 lseh2 = 6 6 lseh2
2 2
vkius ;g vo'; gh ns[k fy;k gksxk fd ;g izfØ;k dqN yach gSA ,slh fLFkfr;ksa es]a gekjh
lgk;rk ds fy,] ,d ;wukuh [Link] ghjksu (75 B.C. ls 10 B.C.) us f=Hkqt ds {ks=Qy ds
fy, ,d lw= fn;k] tc mldh rhuksa Hkqtk,a nh gqbZ gksAa ;g lw= bl izdkj gS%
a+b+c
tgk¡, a, b vkSj c f=Hkqt dh Hkqtk,a gSa rFkk s = gSA bl lw= dks mnkgj.k 20-7 dh
2
rjg 6,7 vkSj 5 dks Øe'k% a, b vkSj c ysdj fl) fd;k tk ldrk gSA
vkb, bl lw= dk iz;ksx djds mnkgj.k 20-7 ds f=Hkqt dk {ks=Qy Kkr djsAa
;gk¡, a = 6 lseh, b = 7 lseh vkSj c = 5 lseh gSA
490 [Link]
lery vkÑfr;ksa ds ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
6+7+5
vr% s = = 9 lseh
2
= 9 × 3 × 2 × 3 lseh2
= 231× 66 × 77 × 88 eh2
mnkgj.k 20.9: ,d leyac dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft, ftldh lekarj Hkqtkvksa dh yackb;k¡
11 lseh vkSj 25 lseh gSa rFkk vlekarj Hkqtkvksa dh yackb;k¡ 15 lseh vkSj 13 lseh gSAa
21× 6 × 8 × 7 lseh
2
=
[Link]
= 7 × 3 × 4 cm2 = 84 lseh2 ...(1)
1
iqu% ΔBEC dk {ks=Qy = EC × BF
2
1
= × 14 × BF ...(2)
2
vr% (1) vkSj (2) ls]
1
× 14 × BF = 84
2
84
vFkkZr BF = lseh = 12 lseh
7
1
vr% leyac ABCD dk {ks=Qy = (AB + CD) × BF
2
1
= (11 + 25) × 12 lseh2
2
= 18 × 12 lseh2 = 216 lseh2
2. ghjksu ds lw= dk iz;ksx djds ml leckgq f=Hkqt dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft, ftldh Hkqtk
12 lseh gSA blls f=Hkqt dk 'kh"kZyc
a Hkh Kkr dhft,A
492 [Link]
lery vkÑfr;ksa ds ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
mnkgj.k 20.10: 30 eh yackbZ vkSj 24 eh pkSMk+ bZ okys E F
,d ikdZ ds pkjksa vksj 4 eh pkSMk+ ,d iFk cuk gqvk gSA B
A 30 eh
bl iFk dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,A 24 eh
C
gy: eku yhft, fd ABCD ,d ikdZ gS rFkk Nk;kafdr D
[Link]
Hkkx mlds pkjksa vksj ,d iFk gSA (nsf[k, vkÑfr H G
20.3). vkÑfr 20.3
vr% vk;r EFGH dh yackbZ = (30 + 4 + 4) eh = 38 eh
vkSj vk;r EFGH dh pkSMk+ bZ = (24 + 4 + 4) eh = 32 eh
vr% iFk dk {ks=Qy = vk;r EFGH dk {ks=Qy – vk;r ABCD dk {ks=Qy
= (38 × 32 – 30 × 24) eh2
gy: iFkksa dk {ks=Qy = PQRS dk {ks=Qy + EFGH dk {ks=Qy– oxZ MLNO dk {ks=Qy
= (40 × 2.5 + 50 × 2.5 – 2.5 × 2.5) eh2
= 218.75 eh2
vr% ` 15 izfr eh2 dh nj ls daØhV fcNkus dk O;; = ` 218.75 × 15
= ` 3281.25
mnkgj.k 20.12: vkÑfr ABCDEFG (nsf[k, vkÑfr 20.5) dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,A
ftlesa ABCG ,d vk;r gS, AB = 3 lseh, BC = 5 lseh, GF = 2.5 lseh = DE = CF,
CD = 3.5 lseh, EF = 4.5 lseh, vkSj CD || EF gSA
gy: ok¡fNr {ks=Qy = vk;r ABCG dk {ks=Qy + lef}ckgq f=Hkqt FGC dk {ks=Qy
+ leyac DCEF dk {ks=Qy ...(1)
[Link] 493
ekWM~;wy–4 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
3 A B
vFkkZr, GM = = 1.5 lseh
2
vc ΔGMF ls,
GF2 = FM2 + GM2
[Link]
;k (2.5)2 = FM2 + (1.5)2
G M C D
;k FM2 = (2.5)2 – (1.5)2 = 4
;k FM = 2, vFkkZr FM dh yackbZ 2 lseh gSA
1 F E
vr% ΔFGC dk {ks=Qy = GC × FM
2 vkÑfr 20.5
1
= × 3 × 2 lseh2 = 3 lseh2 ...(3)
2
1
lkFk gh leyac CDEF dk {ks=Qy = (lekarj Hkqtkvksa dk ;ksx) × muds chp dh nwjh
2
1
= (3.5 + 4.5) × 2 lseh2
2
1
= × 8 × 2 cm2 = 8 lseh2 ...(4)
2
vr% nh gqbZ vkÑfr dk {ks=Qy
= (15 + 3 + 8) lseh2 [(1), (2), (3) vkSj (4) ls]
= 26 lseh2
vkÑfr 20.7
[Link] 495
ekWM~;wy–4 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
mnkgj.k 20.14: f=T;k 16 eh okys ,d o`Ùkkdkj ikdZ dh ifjlhek ds vuqfn'k vanj dh vksj
2 eh pkSMk+ ,d o`Ùkkdkj iFk gSA ` 24 izfr eh2 dh nj ls bl iFk ij b±Vas fcNkus dk O;;
Kkr dhft,A (π = 3.14 dk iz;ksx dhft,)
gy: eku yhft, fd OA ikdZ dh f=T;k gS rFkk Nk;kafdr Hkkx iFk gSA (nsf[k, vkÑfr 20.9)
[Link]
A
vr%, OA = 16 eh
vkSj OB = 16 eh – 2 eh = 14 eh B
496 [Link]
lery vkÑfr;ksa ds ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
vki ;g Hkh ns[k ldrs gSa fd Hkkx OAQB ¼vNk;kafdr {ks=½ Hkh bl o`Ùk dk ,d o`Ùk[kaM
gSSA Li"V [Link] ls] OAPB y?kq f=T;[kaM rFkk OAQB nh?kZ f=T;[kaM dgykrk gS
.
¼ftldk laxr nh?kZ pki AQB gS½
Q
[Link]
O
A .
P
B
vkÑfr 20.10
[Link]: tc rd vU;Fkk u dgk tk,] f=T;[kaM ls gekjk rkRi;Z y?kq f=T;[kaM ls gksxkA
(i) f=T;[kaM dk ifjeki: Li"Vr%] f=T;[kaM OAPB dk ifjeki OA + OB + pki APB
dh yackbZ gSA
eku yhft, fd f=T;k OA (;k OB) = r, pki APB dh yackbZ l gS vkSj ∠AOB = θ gSA
bl pki APB dh yackbZ fuEu izdkj Kkr dj ldrs gS%a
vc] dsUnz ij dqy dks.k 3600 ds fy, yackbZ = 2 πr
2πr
vr%] dks.k θ ds fy,, yackbZ l = ×θ
360 o
πrθ
;k l= ...(1)
180o
bl izdkj OAPB dk ifjeki = OA + OB + l
πrθ πrθ
=r+r+ o = 2 r +
180 180o
πr 2
vr%, dks.k θ ds fy,, {ks=Qy = ×θ
360o
[Link] 497
ekWM~;wy–4 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
πr 2θ
bl izdkj f=T;[kaM OAPB dk {ks=Qy =
360 o
[Link]: dks.k 360o – θ ysdj] ge nh?kZ f=T;[kaM OAQB dk ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy fuEu
[Link] :i esa Kkr dj ldrs gS%a
ifjeki = 2r +
(
πr 360 o − θ )
180 o
πr 2
rFkk {ks=Qy =
360 o
(
× 360 o − θ )
mnkgj.k 20.15: f=T;k 9 lseh vkSj dsUnzh; dks.k 35o okys ,d f=T;[kaM dk ifjeki vkSj
{ks=Qy Kkr dhft,A
πrθ
gy: f=T;[kaM dk ifjeki = 2r +
180 o
⎛ 22 9 × 35o ⎞
⎜
=⎜ 2 × 9 + × ⎟ lseh
⎝ 7 180o ⎟⎠
⎛ 11× 1 ⎞ 47
= ⎜18 + ⎟ lseh = lseh
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
πr 2 × θ
f=T;[kaM dk {ks=Qy =
360o
⎛ 22 81× 35o ⎞
= ⎜⎜ 7 × 360o ⎟⎟ lseh2
⎝ ⎠
⎛ 11× 9 ⎞ 99
=⎜ ⎟ lseh = lseh 2
2
⎝ 4 ⎠ 4
mnkgj.k 20.16: f=T;k 6 lseh okys ,d o`Ùk ds f=T;[kaM dk ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy Kkr
dhft,] ftlds laxr pki dh yackbZ 22 lseh gSA
gy: f=T;[kaM dk ifjeki = 2r + pki dh yackbZ
498 [Link]
lery vkÑfr;ksa ds ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
22 θ
;k ×6× = 22
7 180 o
180 o × 7
;k θ= = 210 o
6 [Link]
πr 2θ
vr%] f=T;[kaM dk {ks=Qy =
360 o
22 36 × 210o
= × o lseh2
7 360
= 66 lseh2
22
rFkk o`Ùk dk {ks=Qy = πr2 = × 6 × 6 lseh2
7
22 22
yackbZ 2 × × 6 lseh ds fy, {ks=Qy = × 6 × 6 lseh2
7 7
22 6 × 6 × 7 × 22
vr% yackbZ 22 lseh ds fy, {ks=Qy = × lseh2
7 2 × 22 × 6
= 66 lseh2
[Link] 499
ekWM~;wy–4 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
20-6 o`Ùkksa ls lac) vkÑfr;ksa ds la;kstuksa ds {ks=Qy
vHkh rd geus i`Fkd-i`Fkd :i ls vkÑfr;ksa ds {ks=Qyksa dh ppkZ dh gSA vc ge dqN
lery vkÑfr;kas ds la;kstuksa ds {ks=Qy ifjdfyr djus dk iz;kl djsx a sA nSfud thou es]a
[Link] gesa ,slh vkÑfr;k¡ fofHkUu fMtkbuksa tSls estiks'k] Qwyksa dh D;kfj;k¡] f[kM+fd;ksa ds fMt+kbu]
bR;kfn esa feyrh gSAa vkb,] dqN [Link] dh lgk;rk ls buds {ks=Qy Kkr djus dh
izfØ;k dks Li"V djsAa
A
mnkgj.k 20.17: ,d xksy estiks'k es]a chp esa ,d leckgq
f=Hkqt ABC NksMr+ s gq, ,d fMtkbu cuk;k x;k gS] tSlk
fd vkÑfr 20-11 esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA ;fn bl estiks'k dh
f=T;k 3.5 lseh gS] rks ` 0.50 izfr lseh2 dh nj ls blesa
fMtkbu cukus dk O;; Kkr dhft,A (π = 3.14 vkSj B C
3 = 1.7 yhft,)
3
= × 3.5 × 3.5 × 3 lseh2
4
3
= (3.14 × 3.5 × 3.5 – × 3.5 × 3.5 × 3) lseh2
4
500 [Link]
lery vkÑfr;ksa ds ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
1.7 × 3.5 × 3.5 × 3
= (3.14 × 3.5 × 3.5 – ) lseh2
4
⎛ 12.56 − 5.10 ⎞
= 3.5 × 3.5⎜ ⎟ lseh2
⎝ 4 ⎠ [Link]
⎛ 7.46 ⎞
= 12.25⎜ ⎟ lseh2 = 12.25 × 1.865 lseh2
⎝ 4 ⎠
[Link] 501
ekWM~;wy–4 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
2. Hkqtk 10 lseh okys ,d oxZ dh Hkqtkvksa ij 10 lseh
10 lseh
10 lseh
cuk;k x;k gS tSlk vkÑfr 20-15 esa fn[kk;k
x;k gSA bl fMtkbu dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,A
[Link]
10 lseh
vkÑfr 20.14
vkb, nksgjk,¡
• vk;r dk ifjeki = 2 (yackbZ + pkSMk+ bZ)
• vk;r dk {ks=Qy = yackbZ × pkSMk+ bZ
• oxZ dk ifjeki = 4 × Hkqtk
• oxZ dk {ks=Qy = (Hkqtk)2
• lekarj prqHkqZt dk {ks=Qy = vk/kkj × laxr 'kh"kZyac
1
• f=Hkqt dk {ks=Qy = vk/kkj × laxr 'kh"kZyac rFkk lkFk gh s(s − a )(s − b)(s − c ) ,
2
a+b+c
tgk¡ a, b vkSj c f=Hkqt dh Hkqtk,¡ gSa rFkk s = gSA
2
1
• leprqHkqZt dk {ks=Qy = × [Link]± dk [Link]
2
1
• leyac dk {ks=Qy = (lekarj Hkqtkvksa dk ;ksx) × muds chp dh nwjh
2
• vk;rkdkj iFk dk {ks=Qy = ckgjh vk;r dk {ks=Qy & Hkhrjh vk;r dk {ks=Qy
• chp esa ØkWl iFkkas dk {ks=Qy = nksuksa iFkksa ds {ks=Qyksa dk ;ksx&mHk;fu"B Hkkx dk {ks=Qy
• f=T;k r okys o`Ùk dh ifjf/k = 2 πr
• f=T;k r okys o`Ùk dk {ks=Qy = πr2
• ,d o`Ùkkdkj iFk dk {ks=Qy ¾ ckgjh o`Ùk dk {ks=Qy &Hkhrjh o`Ùk dk {ks=Qy
πrθ
• f=T;k r okys o`Ùk ds dsUnzh; dks.k θ okys f=T;[kaM ds pki dh yackbZ l =
180o
502 [Link]
lery vkÑfr;ksa ds ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
πrθ
• f=T;k r okys o`Ùk ds dsUnzh; dks.k θ okys f=T;[kaM dk ifjeki = 2r +
180o
πr 2θ
• f=T;k r okys o`Ùk ds dsUnzh; dks.k θ okys f=T;[kaM dk {ks=Qy =
360 o
[Link]
• vusd ljy js[kh; vkÑfr;ksa ds {ks=Qy mUgsa ifjfpr vkÑfr;ks]a tSls oxZ] vk;r] f=Hkqt
bR;kfn esa foHkkftr dj Kkr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
• o`Ùkksa ls lac) vusd vkÑfr;ksa ds la;kstuksa vkSj fMtkbuksa ds {ks=Qy Hkh Kkr lw=ksa dk
iz;ksx djds Kkr fd, tk ldrs gSAa
[Link] 503
ekWM~;wy–4 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
9. ml Hkw[kaM dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,] tks ,d prqHkqZt ds vkdkj dk gS] ftlds ,d [Link]
dh yackbZ 20 eh gS rFkk mlds lEeq[k 'kh"kks± ls ml Mkys x, yacksa dh yackb;k¡ Øe'k%
12 eh vkSj 18 eh gSaA
10. leyac ds vkdkj ds ,d [ksr dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,] ftldh lekarj Hkqtkvksa dh
[Link]
yackb;k¡ 48 eh vkSj 160 eh gSa rFk vlekarj Hkqtkvkas dh yackb;k¡ 50 eh vkSj 78 eh gSaA
11. ,d prqHkqZt ABCD dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,] ftleas AB = 8.5 lseh, BC = 14.3 lseh,
CD = 16.5 lseh, AD = 8.5 lseh vkSj BD = 15.4 lseh gSA
13. fdlh f=Hkqt dh Hkqtk,¡ 51 lseh, 52 lseh vkSj 53 lseh gSAa Kkr dhft,:
(iii) mijksDr (ii) ds yac }kjk foHkkftr f=Hkqt ds nksuksa f=Hkqtksa ds {ks=Qy
15. {ks=Qy 312 lseh2 okys ,d leyac dh lekarj Hkqtkvksa dk varj 8 lseh gSA ;fn nksuksa
lekarj Hkqtkvksa ds chp dh nwjh 24 lseh gS] rks nksuksa lekarj Hkqtkvksa dh yackb;k¡ Kkr
dhft,A
16. 200 eh × 150 eh foekvksa okys ,d vk;rkdkj ikdZ ds chp esa nks ykafcd iFk 10 eh
pkSMk+ bZ ds cus gq, gS]a ftuesa ,d yackbZ ds lekarj rFkk nwljk pkSMk+ bZ ds lekarj gSA
` 5 izfr eh2 dh nj ls bu iFkksa dks fufeZr djus dk O;; Kkr dhft,A
504 [Link]
lery vkÑfr;ksa ds ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
20. 9 eh f=T;k okys ,d o`Ùkkdkj ikdZ ds pkjksa vksj ckgj dh vksj 3 eh pkSM+k ,d iFk cuk
gqvk gSA bl iFk dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,A
21. f=T;k 15 eh okys ,d o`Ùkkdkj ikdZ dh ifjlhek ds vuqfn'k vanj dh vksj 2 eh pkSM+h
,d lM+d cuh gqbZ gSA bl lM+d dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,A
[Link]
22. f=T;k 1.47 eh okys ,d o`Ùkkdkj xÙks esa ls 60o dks.k okyk ,d f=T;[kaM dkV fy;k
x;k gSA 'ks"k xÙks dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,A
23. ml oxkZdkj [ksr dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,] ftldh Hkqtk dh yackbZ 360 eh gSA
24. ,d f=Hkqt dkj [ksr dk {ks=Qy 2.5 gsDVs;j gSA ;fn bldh ,d Hkqtk 250 eh gS] rks
laxr 'kh"kZyca Kkr dhft,A
25. ,d leyac ds vkdkj ds [ksr dh lekarj Hkqtk,¡ 11 eh vkSj 25 eh gSa rFkk budh
vlekarj Hkqtk,¡ 15 eh vkSj 13 eh gSaA 5 iSls izfr 500 lseh2 dh nj ls bl [ksr esa ikuh
nsus dk O;; Kkr dhft,A
26. 8 lseh O;kl dh ,d o`Ùkkdkj pdrh esa ls 1.5 lseh Hkqtk okyk ,d oxZ dkVdj fudky
fy;k tkrk gSA pdrh ds 'ks"k Hkkx dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,A (π = 3.14 yhft,)
27. layXu vkÑfr dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,] ftlds ekiu
vkÑfr esa fn, x, gSaA (π = 3.14 yhft,)
2 lseh
1.5 lseh
1.5 lseh
6 lseh
vkÑfr 20.16
28. ,d fdlku ` 700 izfr eh2 dh nj ls ,d o`Ùkkdkj [ksr ` 316800 esa [kjhnrk gSA bl
[ksr dk ifjeki Kkr dhft,A
29. ,d ?kksMs+ dks 12 eh Hkqtk okys ,d oxkZdkj eSnku ds ,d dksus ij ,d [kacs ls 3.5 eh
yach jLlh ls ck¡/k fn;k x;k gSA eSnku ds ml Hkkx dk
.
{ks=Qy Kkr dhft,] ftlls og ?kksMk+ ?kkl pj ldrk gSA
30. ml o`Ùk ds prqFkk±'k dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,] ftldh A
ifjf/k 44 lseh gSA Q
. P
45o
[Link]
D C
A B
vkÑfr 20.18
vkÑfr 20.19
vkÑfr 20.20
vkÑfr 20.21
iz'uksa 36 ls 42 esa ls izR;sd es]a fn, gq, pkj fodYiksa esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu,%
36. Hkqtk a okys oxZ dk ifjeki gS
(A) a2 (B) 4a (C) 2a (D) 2a
506 [Link]
lery vkÑfr;ksa ds ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
37. fdlh f=Hkqt dh Hkqtk,¡ 15 lseh, 20 lseh vkSj 25 lseh gSAa bldk {ks=Qy gS%
(A) 30 lseh2 (B) 150 lseh2 (C) 187.5 lseh2 (D) 300 lseh2
38. fdlh lef}ckgq f=Hkqt dk vk/kkj 8 lseh gS vkSj mldh cjkcj Hkqtkvksa esa ls ,d Hkqtk
5 lseh gSA bl f=Hkqt dh laxr špkbZ gS% [Link]
(A) 5 lseh (B) 4 lseh (C) 3 lseh (D) 2 lseh
39. ;fn fdlh leckgq f=Hkqt dh Hkqtk a gS] rks bldk 'kh"kZyac gS
3 2 3 3 3
(A) a (B) (C) a (D)
2 2a 2 2 2a
40. fdlh lekarj prqHkqZt dh ,d Hkqtk 15 lseh rFkk laxr 'kh"kZyac 5 lseh gSA bl lekarj
prqHkqZt dk {ks=Qy gS%
(A) 75 lseh2 (B) 37.5 lseh2 (C) 20 lseh2 (D) 3 lseh2
41. fdlh leprqHkqZt dk {ks=Qy 156 lseh2 gS rFkk bldk ,d [Link] 13 lseh gSA vU;
[Link] gS%
(A) 12 lseh (B) 24 lseh (C) 36 lseh (D) 48 lseh
42. fdlh leyac dk {ks=Qy 180 lseh2 gS rFkk bldh lekarj Hkqtk,¡ 28 lseh vkSj 12 lseh
gSaA nksuksa lekarj Hkqtkvksa ds chp dh nwjh gS%
(A) 9 lseh (B) 12 lseh (C) 15 lseh (D) 18 lseh
43. fuEu esa ls dkSu ls dFku lR; gSa vkSj dkSu ls vlR;\
o
πr 2
(v) f=T;k r okys o`Ùk ds ml o`Ùk[kaM dk {ks=Qy] ftldk dsUnzh; dks.k 60 gS]
6
gSA
[Link] 507
ekWM~;wy–4 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
(vi) f=T;k 5 lseh okys o`Ùk ds dsUnzh; dks.k 120o okys f=T;[kaM dk ifjeki
10π
5 lseh + lseh gSA
3
1
(ii) leyac dk {ks=Qy = (mldh ________ dk ;ksx) × ______ chp dh nwjh
2
(iii) f=T;kvksa 4 lseh vkSj 8 lseh okys o`Ùkksa ds Øe'k% 100o vkSj 50o dsUnzh; dks.k okys
f=T;[kaMksa ds {ks=Qyksa dk vuqikr __________ gSA
(iv) f=T;kvksa 10 lseh vkSj 5 lseh okys o`Ùkksa ds Øe'k% dsUnzh; dks.k 75o vkSj 150o okys
f=T;[kaMksa ds laxr pkiksa dh yackb;ksa dk vuqikr _____________ gSA
(v) [Link]± 16 lseh vkSj 12 lseh okys ,d leprqHkqZt dk ifjeki __________ gSA
2. 15 2 eh
5. 240 lseh2
6. 80 lseh
7. 190 lseh2
2. 36 3 lseh2 ; 6 3 lseh
508 [Link]
lery vkÑfr;ksa ds ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy ekWM~;wy–4
{ks=fefr
20.3
1. 648 eh2
2. 276 eh2
⎛ 5 ⎞
4. ⎜ 27 + 11 ⎟ lseh2
⎝ 4 ⎠
20.4
1. 15 lseh
2. 8750
3. 10.78 eh2
20.5
1 154
1. ifjeki = 35 lseh; {ks=Qy = lseh2
2 3
2. ifjeki = 23 lseh, {ks=Qy = 33 lseh2
20.6
1. 118 lseh2
1
2. ( 4 × π × 5 – 10 × 10) lseh2
2
[Link] 509
ekWM~;wy–4 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
{ks=fefr
14. 24 eh2 15. 17 lseh vkSj 9 lseh 16. ` 17000
17. ` 7476 18. 400 eh2 19. 7 lseh
20. 198 eh2 21. 176 m2 22. 1.1319 m2
[Link] 23. 12.96 gsDVs;j 24. 200 eh 25. ` 216
3
26. 47.99 lseh2 27. 22.78 lseh2 28. 75 eh
7
77 2 77 49
29. eh 30. lseh2 31. lseh2
8 2 2
231
32. lseh2 33. 42 lseh2 34. 1162 lseh2
4
35. 42 lseh2, 154 lseh2 36. (B) 37. (B)
38. (C) 39. (C) 40. (A)
41. (B) 42. (A)
43. (i) vlR; (ii) lR; (iii) vlR;
(iv) vlR; (v) lR; (vi) vlR;
44. (i) [Link]± (ii) lekarj Hkqtkvks]a muds (iii) 1 : 2
(iv) 1 : 1 (v) 40 lseh
510 [Link]