ekWM~;wy 5

f=[Link]
eku yhft, fd ,d euq"; ,d igkM+h ds fupys fljs ij [kM+k igkM+h ds Åij fLFkr eafnj
ds f'k[kj dks ns[k jgk gSA eafnj dh vksj p<+us ls igys og eafnj ls viuh nwjh dk fudVre
eku tkuuk pkgrk gSA bl izdkj ds rFkk lacfa /kr iz'u f=[Link] dh lgk;rk ls gy fd,
tk ldrs gSAa
bl foKku ds fo"k; esa izFke ckj ftØ fgIikdZl~ ¼140 bZ-iw-½ us fd;k tc mlus dgk fd igqp a
ls ckgj dh oLrqvksa dh nwjh rFkk Å¡pkbZ Kkr dh tk ldrh gSA mlds dqN o"kZ ckn 150 bZ-
esa VkSyseh us Hkh blh izdkj mls ledks.k f=Hkqt dh lgk;rk ls djus dh laHkkouk trkbZA
ijUrq og vk;ZHkV~V ¼476 bZ-½ Fks ftUgksua s izFke ckj T;k 'kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k ftls ckn esa
lkbZu (sine) dgk x;kA bl dk;Z dks HkkLdjkpk;Z ¼1114 bZ½ us vius xksyk/;k; dh jpuk
djds vkxs c<+k;kA blesa mUgksua s T;k] dksfVT;k rFkk Li'kZT;k dk iz;ksx lkbZu (sine),
dkslkbZu (cosine) rFkk Li'kZT;k (tangent) vuqikrksa ds fy, fd;k ijUrq bl dk;Z dk [Link] Js;
uhydaB lkselqRou ¼1500 bZ-½ dks tkrk gS ftUgksua s bl dk;Z esa mUu;u vkSj voueu dk
iz;ksx djds Å¡pkbZ rFkk nwjh ls lacfa /kr dqN iz'u gy fd,A
bl ikB esa ge /ku vFkok _.k dks.k] dks ,d ?kweus okyh fdj.k dh izFke rFkk vfUre fLFkfr
ds chp >qdko }kjk iznf'kZr djsx a s] f=[Link]; vuqikrksa dks ledks.k f=Hkqt dh Hkqtkvkas ds
vuqikrksa ls ifjHkkf"kr djsx
a ]sa dqN f=[Link]; loZlfedkvksa dks gy djsx a s] iwjd [Link] ds
f=[Link]; vuqikr Kkr djsx a s rFkk nwljs v/;k; esa 0 , 30°, 45°, 60°, 90o ds f=[Link];
o

vuqikrksa ds eku Kkr djsxa s rFkk Å¡pkbZ vkSj nwjh ds lk/kkj.k iz'u ftuesa dsoy nks f=Hkqt rFkk
30°, 45°, 60° ds dks.k vkrs gks]a dks gy djsx a sA
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]

22 [Link]

f=[Link] dk ifjp;

f=Hkqtkas ds v/;;u dk [Link] esa cgqr egRo gSA D;ksfa d f=Hkqt U;wure Hkqtkvksa }kjk cukbZ
xbZ vkÑfr gS] blfy, ;g ljy js[kkvkas }kjk f?kjh fdlh Hkh vkÑfr ds v/;;u dh lajpuk
ds fy, ,d vk/kkj dk dke djrh gSA ledks.k f=Hkqt] f=Hkqtksa ds v/;;u ds lkFk ljy
lEcU/k j[krs gSAa
T;kfefr esa geus f=Hkqtksa dk v/;;u fd;k gS] tgk¡ ij vf/kdre [Link] dFkuksa ds :i esa
fn;s tkrs gSAa ;gk¡ f=[Link] esa gekjk v/;;u fHkUu :i eas gS]a tks fd dkQh ljy gSA ;gk¡
vf/kdrj [Link] lw=ksa ds :i esa gSAa f=[Link] esa eq[; v/;;u ledks.k f=Hkqtksa ds ckjs
esa gSA vkb,] ge fHkUu fLFkfr;ksa ij fopkj djs]a tgk¡ ij ge ledks.k f=Hkqtkas dh lajpuk dk
voyksdu djrs gSAa
D;k vkius ,d yEck ukfj;y dk o`{k ns[kk gS\ o`{k dks ns[kus ij mldh Å¡pkbZ dk fopkj
gekjs efLr"d esa vkrk gSA D;k vki] fcuk okLrfod eki ds] ukfj;y ds o`{k dh Å¡pkbZ Kkr
dj ldrs gS\a ;fn vki o`{k ds f'k[kj dks ns[ks]a rks vki viuh vk¡[k ls o`{k ds f'k[kj] vka[k
ds fcUnq ls gksdj tkus okyh {kSfrt js[kk rFkk o`{k ds f'k[kj ls {kSfrt js[kk ij m/okZ/kj js[kk
ds }kjk cuh ,d ledks.k f=Hkqt dh dYiuk dj ldrs gSAa
vkb, ,d vU; mnkgj.k ysAa
eku yhft, fd vki ,d irax mM+k jgs gSAa tc iarx vkdk'k esa gksrh gS] rks D;k vki bldh
Å¡pkbZ Kkr dj ldrs gS\a iqu% irax] vkidh vk¡[k] vk¡[k ds ,d fcUnq ls gksdj tkus okyh
js[kk rFkk irax ds ,d fcUnq ls {kSfrt js[kk ij m/okZ/kj js[kk ds chp ledks.k f=Hkqt dh
lajpuk dh dYiuk dh tk ldrh gSA
vkb, ge ,d vU; fLFkfr ij fopkj djs]a ftleas ,d O;fDr unh ds fdukjs ij [kM+k gksdj
unh ds nwljs fdukjs ij fLFkr ,d efUnj dks ns[krk gSA D;k vki unh dh pkSMk+ bZ Kkr dj
ldrs gS]a ;fn vkidks efUnj dh Å¡pkbZ nh gqbZ gks\ bl voLFkk esa Hkh vki ledks.k f=Hkqt
dh dYiuk dj ldrs gSAa

[Link] 543
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
vUr es]a eku yhft, fd vki vius ?kj dh Nr ij (ok;q;ku) B
(ok;q;ku) A
[kM+s gSa vkSj vpkud vki vkdk'k esa ,d ok;q;ku
ns[krs gSAa tc vki bls ns[krs gSa rks iqu% ,d
ledks.k f=Hkqt dh dYiuk dh tk ldrh gSA vki
[Link] ok;q;ku dks Lo;a ls nwj tkrs gqvk ikrsa gSAa dqN
lsdUMksa ds ckn ;fn vki ok;q;ku dks iqu% ns[ksa rks
,d ckj fQj vki viuh vk¡[k] ok;q;ku] vk¡[k Q
P
¼fcUnq½ ls gksdj tkus okyh {kSfrt js[kk ds chp
O (iz{s kd)
ledks.k f=Hkqt dh dYiuk dj ldrs gS]a tSlk fd
vkÑfr 22-1 eas n'kkZ;k x;k gSA vkÑfr 22.1
D;k vki bl vUrjky eas ok;q;ku }kjk pyh xbZ nwjh AB Kkr dj ldrs gSAa
mijksDr pkjksa ,slh gh vusd fLFkfr;ksa es]a Å¡pkb;k¡ ;k nwfj;k¡ ¼fcuk ekis½ [Link] dh dqN
rduhd ds iz;ksx }kjk Kkr dh tk ldrh gSAa ;g rduhd [Link] dh ,d 'kk[kk
^f=[Link]* esa vkrh gSA
'kCn 'Trigonometry' dh O;qRifÙk xzhd 'kCnksa ‘Tri’ ¼ftldk vFkZ gS rhu½ ‘Gon’ ¼ftldk vFkZ
gS Hkqtk½ vkSj ‘Metron’ ¼ftldk vFkZ gS ekiuk½ ls gqbZ gSA vr% 'Trigonometry' dk 'kkfCnd
vFkZ f=Hkqt dh Hkqtkvksa vkSj [Link] dk ekiuk gSA ewyr% f=[Link] dks [Link] dh og 'kk[kk
ekuk tkrk Fkk tks f=Hkqt dh Hkqtkvksa vkSj [Link] dks ekius ls lEcU/k j[krh gSA bldk
vuqiz;ksx [kxksy'kkL=] Hkwxksy] losZ] bUthfu;fjax rFkk usohxs'ku esa gksrk gSA izkphu dky esa
[kxksyfon~ f=[Link] dk iz;ksx i`Foh ls rkjksa vkSj xzgksa dh nwfj;k¡ ekius esa djrs FksA
vktdy bathfu;fjax esa iz;qDr vf/kdka'k izkS|ksfxdh; mUur fof/k;k¡ f=[Link] ladYiukvksa
ij vk/kkfjr gSAa
bl ikB es]a ge [Link] ds f=[Link]; vuqikrksa dks ledks.k f=Hkqt dh Hkqtkvksa ds :i esa
ifjHkkf"kr djsx
a s rFkk fHkUu f=[Link]; vuqikrksa esa lEcU/k LFkkfir djsx
a sA ge dqN ekud
f=[Link]; loZlfedk,¡ Hkh LFkkfir djsx a sA

mís';
bl ikB ds v/;;u ds ckn vki leFkZ gks tk,axs fd
• ,d ledks.k f=Hkqt ds U;wu dks.k ds lkis{k f=[Link]; vuqikrksa dks fy[k lds(a
• ledks.k f=Hkqt ds dks.k vkSj Hkqtk,¡ Kkr dj ldsa tc mldh dqN Hkqtk,¡ vkSj
f=[Link]; vuqikr Kkr gks(a
• f=[Link]; vuqikrksa ds chp lEcU/kksa dks fy[k lds(a
• f=[Link]; loZlfedkvksa dks LFkkfir dj lds(a
• f=[Link]; vuqikrksa vkSj loZlfedkvksa ij vk/kkfjr leL;kvksa dks gy dj lds(a

544 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
• iwjd dks.k ds f=[Link]; vuqikrksa dks Kkr dj ldsa rFkk bl ij vk/kkfjr iz'uksa dks
gy dj ldsAa

visf{kr iwoZ Kku

[Link]
• ,d dks.k dk vFkZ
• ledks.k f=Hkqtksa dh jpuk djuk
• lekarj rFkk yac js[kkvksa dk [khapuk
• [Link] ds izdkj& U;wu dks.k] vf/kd dks.k rFkk ledks.k
• f=Hkqtksa ds izdkj & U;wu dks.k f=Hkqt] vf/kd dks.k f=Hkqt vkSj ledks.k f=Hkqt
• iwjd dks.k

22-1 ,d ledks.k f=Hkqt ds U;wudks.k ds f=[Link]; vuqikr

eku yhft, ,d ledks.k ΔABC es]a ∠B ledks.k gSA ;gk¡ ∠A (vFkkZr ∠CAB) ,d U;wu
dks.k gS] AC [Link] gS] Hkqtk BC, ∠A ds lkeus dh Hkqtk ¼lEeq[k½ rFkk Hkqtk AB, ∠A dh vklUu
Hkqtk gSA
C
lEeq[k Hkqtk

Z
d.k
∠A dh

A ∠A dh vklUu Hkqtk B

vkÑfr 22.2
iqu%] ;fn ge ∠C ij fopkj djs]a rks Hkqtk AB, ∠C ds lkeus dh Hkqtk gS rFkk Hkqtk BC, ∠C
dh vklUu Hkqtk gSA
C
vklUu Hkqtk

Z
d.k
∠C dh

A ∠C dh lEeq[k Hkqtk B

vkÑfr 22.3
[Link] 545
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
vc ge ledks.k f=Hkqt dh Hkqtkvksa ds :i esa dqN vuqikr ifjHkk"kr djrs gS]a tks
f=[Link]; vuqikr dgykrs gSAa
ledks.k ΔABC es]a ∠A ds f=[Link]; vuqikr bl izdkj gS%a
[Link] ∠A dh lEeq[k Hkqtk BC
(i) sine A = =
[Link] AC

∠A dh vklUu ¼;k layXu Hkqtk½ Hkqtk AB

(ii) cosine A = =
[Link] AC

∠A dh lEeq[k Hkqtk BC
(iii) tangent A = =
∠A dh vklUu Hkqtk AB

[Link] AC
(iv) cosecant A = =
∠A dh lEeq[k Hkqtk BC

[Link] AC
(v) secant A = =
∠A dh vklUu Hkqtk AB

∠A dh vklUu Hkqtk AB
(vi) cotangent A = =
∠A dh lEeq[k Hkqtk BC

mijksDr f=[Link]; vuqikrksa dks ge la{ksi esa Øe'k% sin A, cos A, tan A, cosec A, sec A
vkSj cot A }kjk O;Dr dj ldrs gSAa f=[Link]; vuqikrksa dks ge la{ksi esa t-ratios ;k t-
vuqikr Hkh dgrs gSAa
;fn ge ∠A = θ eku ys]a rks mijksDr [Link] cu tk,axs%
BC AB BC
sin θ = , cos θ = , tan θ =
AC AC AB

AC AC AB
cosec θ = , sec θ = vkSj cot θ =
BC AB BC

uksV: voyksdu dhft, fd sin θ rFkk cosec θ ,d nwljs ds O;qRØe ¼izfrykse½ gSAa blh izdkj]
cot θ rFkk sec θ Øe'k% tan θ rFkk cos θ ds izfrykse gSAa

[Link]%
;fn ledks.k f=Hkqt ABC esa
AB = 4 lseh, BC = 3 lseh rFkk AC = 5 lseh gks]a rks

546 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
BC 3 C
sin θ = =
AC 5 α
h
lse

3 lseh
5
AB 4
cos θ = =
AC 5 [Link]
θ
A B
BC 3 4 lseh
tan θ = =
AB 4 vkÑfr 22.4
AC 5
cosec θ = =
BC 3

AC 5
sec θ = =
AB 4

AB 4
vkSj cot θ = =
BC 3

mijksDr vkÑfr es]a ;fn ge ∠ C = α ys]a rks

α dh lEeq[k Hkqtk AB 4
sin α = = =
[Link] AC 5

α dh vklUu Hkqtk BC 3
cos α = = =
[Link] AC 5

α dh lEeq[k Hkqtk AB 4
tan α = = =
α dh vklUu Hkqtk BC 3

[Link] AC 5
cosec α = = =
α dh lEeq[k Hkqtk AB 4

[Link] AC 5
sec α = = =
α dh vklUu Hkqtk BC 3

α dh vklUu Hkqtk BC 3
vkSj cot α = α dh lEeq[k Hkqtk = AB = 4

[Link] 547
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
[Link]:

1. sin A ;k sin θ ,d ladsr gSa rFkk sin dks A ;k θ ls vyx ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ;gk¡
;g sin × θ ds cjkcj ugha gSA ;gh dFku vU; f=[Link]; vuqikrksa ij Hkh ykxw gksrk gSA
[Link] 2. izR;sd f=[Link]; vuqikr ,d okLrfod la[;k gSA

3. lqfo/kk ds fy, ge (sinθ)2, (cosθ)2, vkSj (tanθ)2 dks Øe'k% sin2θ, cos2θ rFkk tan2θ }kjk
O;Dr djrs gSAa ;gh ladsr ge f=[Link]; vuqikrksa ds cM+s ?kkrkadksa ds fy, viukrs
gSaA
4. ge vius dks U;wu dks.k A ;k θ ds fy, lhfer j[krs gSaA

vc iz'u mBrk gS : D;k ,d f=[Link]; vuqikr dk eku fHkUu&fHkUu ledks.k f=Hkqtksa

ds ,d gh dks.k ds fy, ogh jgrk gS\ mÙkj ikus ds fy, ge ledks.k f=Hkqt ABC ij fopkj
djrs gSaA ekuk AC ij dksbZ fcanq P gSA
R
ekuk PQ ⊥ AB gSA
C
vc ledks.k ΔABC esa,
P
BC
sin A = ----(i)
AC

rFkk ledks.k ΔAQP esa,

A Q B S
PQ
sin A = ----(ii) vkÑfr 22.5
AP

vc ΔAQP rFkk ΔABC esa,

∠Q = ∠B ----(izR;sd = 90°)

rFkk ∠A = ∠A ----(mHk;fu"B)
∴ ΔAQP ~ ΔABC

AP QP AQ
∴ = =
AC BC AB

BC PQ
;k = ----(iii)
AC AP

(i), (ii) rFkk (iii), ls ge ikrs gSa fd nksuksa f=Hkqtksa esa sin A dk eku ogh gSA

548 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
AB AQ BC PQ
blh izdkj] cos A = AC = AP vkSj tan A = AB = AQ

vr% ge bl fu"d"kZ ij igqp a rs gSa fd fdlh dks.k ds f=[Link]; vuqikr dk ledks.k

f=Hkqt ds eki ij fuHkZj ugha djrkA ;g dsoy dks.k ij gh fuHkZj djrk gSA [Link]
mnkgj.k 22.1: vkÑfr 22.6 esa, ΔABC 'kh"kZ B ledks.k okyk f=Hkqt gSA ;fn AB = 5 lseh,
BC = 12 lseh rFkk AC = 13 lseh gks] rks tan C, cosec C and sec C ds eku Kkr dhft,A

gy: ge tkurs gSa fd C

∠C dh lEeq[k Hkqtk AB 5
tan C = = =
∠C dh vklUu Hkqtk BC 12

12 lseh
h
lse
[Link] AC 13

13
cosec C = = =
∠C dh lEeq[k Hkqtk AB 5

A B
[Link] AC 13
rFkk sec C = = =
∠C dh vklUu Hkqtk BC 12
5 lseh
vkÑfr 22.6
mnkgj.k 22.2 : vkÑfr 22-7 es]a sin θ, cot θ vkSj sec θ ds eku Kkr dhft,A
A

θ
21 lseh

29
les
h

C
B
20 lseh
vkÑfr 22.7
gy:

θ dh lEeq[k Hkqtk BC 20
sin θ = = =
[Link] AC 29

θ dh vklUu Hqktk AB 21
cot θ = = =
θ dh lEeq[k Hqktk BC 20

[Link] 549
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
[Link] AC 29
rFkk sec θ = θ dh vklUu Hkqtk = AB = 21

mnkgj.k 22.3 : vkÑfr 22.8 es,a ΔABC 'kh"kZ B ij ledks.k okyk f=Hkqt gSA ;fn AB = 9
[Link] lseh, BC = 40 lseh rFkk AC = 41 lseh gks] rks cos C, cot C, tan A, rFkk cosec A ds eku
C
Kkr dhft,A
gy:

40 lseh
h
∠C dh layXu Hkqtk BC 40

les
cos C = = =

41
[Link] AC 41

∠ C dh layXu Hkqtk BC 40 A B
rFkk cot C = = = lseh9
∠ C dh lEeq[k Hkqtk AB 9
vkÑfr 22.8
∠A ds lkis{k] ∠A dh layXu Hkqtk AB gS rFkk ∠A dh lEeq[k Hkqtk BC gSA

∠A dh lEeq[k Hkqtk BC 40
∴ tan A = = =
∠A dh layXu Hkqtk AB 9

[Link] AC 41
rFkk cosec A = ∠A dh lEeq[k Hkqtk = BC = 40

mnkgj.k 22.4 : vkÑfr 22.9 esa] B ij ledks.k ΔABC es]a ∠A = ∠C, AC = 2 lseh rFkk
AB = 1 lseh gSA sin C, cos C and tan C ds eku Kkr dhft,A
gy: ΔABC esa, ∠A = ∠C
∴ BC = AB = 1 lseh (fn;k gS) A
∠C dh lEeq[k Hkqtk AB 1
∴ sin C = = =
[Link] AC 2
1 lseh

∠C dh layXu Hqtk BC 1
cos C = = =
[Link] AC 2
C B
∠C dh lEeq[k Hkqtk AB 1 vkÑfr 22.9
rFkk tan C = ∠C dh layXu Hkqtk = BC = 1 = 1

[Link]: mijksDr mnkgj.k ls ge tkurs gSa fd ∠A = ∠C rFkk ∠B = 90°

∴ ∠A = ∠C = 45° gSA

550 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
1
∴ ge Kkr djrs gSa fd sin 45° = cos 45° =
2
rFkk tan 45o = 1

mnkgj.k 22.5 : vkÑfr 22.10 esa] ΔABC 'kh"kZ C ij ledks.k okyk f=Hkqt gSA ;fn [Link]
AB = c, AC = b rFkk BC = a gks] rks fuEu esa ls dkSu lk dFku lR; gS%
b
(i) tan A =
c
B
c
(ii) tan A =
b
c

a
b
(iii) cot A =
a
A C
a b
(iv) cot A =
b vkÑfr 22.10
∠A dh lEeq[k Hkqtk BC a
gy: ;gk¡ ij tan A = ∠A dh layXu Hkqtk = AC = b

∠A dh layXu Hkqtk b
rFkk cot A = =
∠A dh lEeq[k Hkqtk a

b
vr% [Link] (iii), cot A = lR; gSA
a

ns[ksa vkius fdruk lh[kk 22-1

1. fuEu esa izR;sd vkÑfr 22-11, ΔABC 'kh"kZ B ij ledks.k okyk f=Hkqt gSA θ ds
f=[Link]; vuqikr Kkr dhft,%

B 4 lseh
A C
θ
13
les
3 lseh
5 lseh

h
5l
es h
(i) (ii)
θ
B 12 lseh C
A

[Link] 551
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
A
A
25 θ 10 lseh

24 lseh
(iii) les (iv)
h
[Link] 6 lseh
C
8 lseh
θ C
B
B
7 lseh
vkÑfr 22.11
2. ΔABC es,a ∠ B = 90°, BC = 5 lseh, AB = 4 lseh, rFkk AC = 41 lseh gSAa sin A,
cos A, rFkk tan A ds eku Kkr dhft,A

3. ΔABC es]a dks.k B ledks.k gSA ;fn AB = 40 lseh, BC = 9 lseh rFkk AC = 41 lseh
gks] rks sin C, cot C, cos, A rFkk cot A esa eku Kkr dhft,A
4. ΔABC es,a ∠ B = 90° gSA ;fn AB = BC = 2 lseh rFkk AC = 2 2 lseh gks rks
sec C, cosec C, rFkk cot C ds eku Kkr dhft,A
B
5. vkÑfr 22.12 esa, ΔABC esa dks.k A ledks.k gSA
es h

5 lseh
fuEufyf[kr esa dkSu lk dFku lR; gS\ l
13
13 12
(i) cot C = (ii) cot C = C A
12 13 12 lseh

5 12
vkÑfr 22.12
(iii) cot C = (iv) cot C =
12 5
A
6. vkÑfr 22.13 esa, AC = b, BC = a rFkk AB = c gSA
fuEufyf[kr esa dkSu lk dFku lR; gS\
c
b

a c
(i) cosec A = (ii) cosec A =
b a
B C
a
c b
(iii) cosec A = (iv) cosec A = . vkÑfr 22.13
b a

22-2 ,d ledks.k f=Hkqt dh nks Hkqtk,¡ nh gqbZ gksa] rks

f=[Link]; vuqikr Kkr djuk
tc ledks.k f=Hkqt dh dksbZ nks Hkqtk,¡ nh gqbZ gks]a rks ikbFkkxksjl izes; dk iz;ksx dj bldh

552 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
rhljh Hkqtk dk eku Kkr dj fy;k tkrk gSA blds ckn ge fn, gq, dks.k ds f=[Link];
vuqikr fiNys [k.M esa lh[kh xbZ fof/k ls Kkr dj ysrs gSAa
P
dqN mnkgj.k ysdj ge bl fof/k dks Li"V djrs gS%a
mnkgj.k 22.6: vkÑfr 22.14 es,a ΔPQR 'kh"kZ Q ij [Link]

5 lseh
ledks.k f=Hkqt gSA ;fn PQ = 5 lseh rFkk QR = 12
lseh gks] rks sin R, cos R rFkk tan R ds eku Kkr
dhft,A Q
R 12 lseh
gy: Θ ΔPQR ledks.k f=Hkqt gSA vkÑfr 22.14
∴ PR = PQ 2 + QR 2 (ikbFkkxksjl izes;)

= 52 + 122 lseh

= 25 + 144 lseh

= 169 or 13 lseh

f=[Link]; vuqikrksa dh ifjHkk"kk ls

∠R dh lEeq[k Hkqtk PQ 5
sin R = = =
[Link] PR 13

∠R dh lEeq[k Hkqtk QR 12
cos R = = =
[Link] PR 13

∠R dh lEeq[k Hkqtk 5
rFkk tan R = =
∠R dh layXu Hkqtk 12
mijksDr mnkgj.k ls] ge fuEu izkIr djrs gS%a
f=[Link]; vuqikr Kkr djus dh fof/k ds pj.k tc f=Hkqt dh nks Hkqtk,¡ nh
gqbZ gksaA
pj.k 1: ikbFkkxksjl izes; }kjk f=Hkqt dh vKkr ¼rhljh½ Hkqtk Kkr dhft,A
pj.k 2: f=[Link]; vuqikr dh ifjHkk"kk dk iz;ksx dj Hkqtkvksa ds eku izfrLFkkfir dj
nhft,A
mnkgj.k 22.7 : vkÑfr 22.15 es,a ΔPQR 'kh"kZ Q ij ledks.k okyk f=Hkqt gSA PR = 25
lseh, PQ = 7 lseh rFkk ∠ PRQ = θ gSA tan θ, cosec θ rFkk sec θ ds eku Kkr dhft,A

[Link] 553
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
gy:
Θ ΔPQR, 'kh"kZ Q ij [Link] gSA

∴ QR = PR 2 − PQ 2
P
[Link]
= 252 − 7 2 lseh
= 625 − 49 lseh
25
les h

7 lseh
= 576 lseh
= 24 lseh θ
R Q
PQ 7 vkÑfr 22.15
∴ tan θ = =
QR 24

PR 25
cosec θ = =
PQ 7

PR 25
rFkk sec θ = =
QR 24
mnkgj.k 22.8 : ΔABC es,a ∠ B = 90° gSA ;fn AB = 4 lseh rFkk BC = 3 lseh gks] rks
sin C, cos C, cot C, tan A, sec A rFkk cosec A ds eku Kkr dhft,A tan A rFkk cot C ds
ekuksa dh leh{kk dhft,A tan A – cot C dk eku Hkh Kkr dhft,A
gy: ΔABC es]a ikbFkkxksjl izes; }kjk
AC = AB2 + BC2

= 4 2 + 32 lseh
= 25 lseh
A
= 5 lseh

AB 4
4 lseh

vc sin C = =
AC 5

BC 3
cos C = =
AC 5 C B
lseh
3
BC 3
cot C = = vkÑfr 22.16
AB 4

554 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
BC 3
tan A = =
AB 4
AC 5
sec A = =
AB 4
[Link]
AC 5
rFkk cosec A = =
BC 3
tan A rFkk cot C ds eku leku gSAa
∴ tan A – cot C = 0.
P
mnkgj.k 22.9: vkÑfr 22.17 esa, ΔPQR 'kh"kZ R ij
[Link] gSA ;fn PQ = 13 lseh rFkk QR = 5 lseh gks]
rks fuEufyf[kr esa dkSu lk dFku lR; gS\ les h
1 3
17 17
(i) sin Q + cos Q = (ii) sin Q – cos Q =
13 13 Q R
5 lseh
17 17 vkÑfr 22.17
(iii) sin Q + sec Q = (iv) tan Q + cot Q =
13 13

gy : ;gk¡ PR = PQ 2 − QR 2 = 132 − 52 = 144 = 12 lseh

PR 12 QR 5
∴ sin Q = = rFkk cos Q = =
PQ 13 PQ 13

12 5 17
∴ sin Q + cos Q = + =
13 13 13
17
dFku (i) vFkkZr sin Q + cos Q = lR; gSA
13

ns[ksa vkius fdruk lh[kk 22-2

1. ledks.k ΔABC esa, 'kh"kZ B ij ledks.k gS] AC = 10 lseh, rFkk AB = 6 lseh gSA
sin C, cos C, rFkk tan C ds eku Kkr dhft,A

2. ΔABC esa ∠ C = 90°, BC = 24 lseh rFkk AC = 7 lseh gSA sin A, cosec A rFkk cot A
ds eku Kkr dhft,A
3. ΔPQR esa ∠ Q = 90°, PR = 10 2 lseh rFkk QR = 10 lseh gSA sec P, cot P rFkk
cosec P ds eku Kkr dhft,A
[Link] 555
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
4. ΔPQR esa ∠ Q = 90°, PQ = 3 lseh rFkk QR = 1 lseh gSA tan R, cosec R, sin P rFkk
sec P ds eku Kkr dhft,A

5. ΔABC esa] ∠ B = 90°, AC = 25 lseh, AB = 7 lseh rFkk ∠ ACB = θ gaSA cot θ, sin θ,
[Link] sec θ rFkk tan θ ds eku Kkr dhft,A

6. ledks.k ΔPQR esa] ∠ Q = 90°, PQ = 5 lseh rFkk PR = 7 lseh gSaA sin P, cos P, sin R
rFkk cos R ds eku Kkr dhft,A sin P – cos R dk eku Hkh Kkr dhft,A
7. vkÑfr 22-18 esa 'kh"kZ E ij] ΔDEF [Link] gSA ;fn DE = 5 lseh rFkk EF = 12 lseh
gks] rks fuEufyf[kr esa dkSu lk dFku lR; gS\
5 D
(i) sin F =
12

5 lseh
12
(ii) sin F =
5

5
(iii) sin F =
13 F E
12 lseh

12 vkÑfr 22.18
(iv) sin F =
13

22-3 ,d f=[Link]; vuqikr fn;k gqvk gks] rks nwljs

f=[Link]; vuqikrksa ds eku Kkr djuk
dHkh dHkh ge ,d f=[Link]; vuqikr dk eku tkurs gSa rFkk gesa nwljs t-vuqikrksa ds eku
Kkr djus gksrs gSAA ge t-vuqikrksa dh ifjHkk"kk rFkk ikbFkkxksjl izes; ds iz;ksx }kjk mUgsa
12
vklkuh ls Kkr dj ldrs gSAa ekuk sin θ = gSA vc ge nwljs t-vuqikr Kkr djrs gSAa
13
ge ,d ledks.k f=Hkqt ABC dh jpuk djrs gSAa
12 A
sin θ = dk vFkZ gS Hkqtk,¡ AB vkSj AC, 12 : 13 ds
13
vuqikr esa gSaA
ekuk AB = 12 k rFkk AC = 13 k gSA
C θ
B
vkÑfr 22.19

556 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
∴ ikbFkkxksjl izes; }kjk

BC = AC2 − AB2

= (13k )2 − (12k )2 [Link]

= 169k 2 − 144k 2

= 25k 2 = 5 k

vc ge nwljs t-vuqikr Kkr dj ldrs gSAa

BC 5k 5
cos θ = = =
AC 13k 13

AB 12k 12
tan θ = = =
BC 5k 5
AC 13k 13
cosec θ = = =
AB 12k 12
AC 13k 13
sec θ = = =
BC 5k 5
BC 5k 5
rFkk cot θ = = =
AB 12k 12
mijksDr fof/k ls gesa gy djus ds fy, fuEu pj.k izkIr gksrs gS%a
tc ,d t-vuqikr fn;k gqvk gks] rks nwljs t-vuqikr Kkr djus ds fy, viukus okys
pj.k
1. ,d ledks.k ΔABC dh jpuk dhft,A

2. fn, x, t-vuqikr dks nks Hkqtkvksa ds :i esa izdV dhft, rFkk vuqikr dk vpj k
yhft,A
3. nksuksa Hkqtkvksa dks k ds :i esa Kkr dj yhft,A

4. ikbFkkxksjl ds izes; }kjk] rhljh Hkqtk Kkr dhft,A

5. vc 'ks"k t-vuqikrksa ds eku ifjHkk"kk }kjk Kkr dj yhft,A

vkb, vc ge dqN mnkgj.k ysAa

[Link] 557
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
7
mnkgj.k 22.10.: ;fn cos θ = gks] rks sin θ rFkk tan θ ds eku Kkr dhft,A
25

gy: ΔABC dh jpuk dhft, ftlesa ∠ B = 90° rFkk ∠ C = θ gSA

[Link] ge tkurs gSa fd
A
layXu Hkqtk BC 7
cos θ = = =
[Link] AC 25
ekuk BC = 7 k rFkk AC = 25 k gSA

24 k
k
25
ikbFkkxksjl izes; }kjk]
θ
AB = AC2 − BC2 C 7k B

= (25k )2 − (7k )2 vkÑfr 22.20

= 625k 2 − 49k 2

= 576k 2 vFkok 24 k

∴ ΔABC esa,

AB 24k 24
sin θ = = =
AC 25k 25

AB 24k 24
rFkk tan θ = = =
BC 7k 7

40 cos θ. sin θ
mnkgj.k 22.11.: ;fn cot θ = gks] rks dk eku Kkr dhft,A
9 sec θ

gy% ekuk ABC ,d ledks.k f=Hkqt gS ftlesa ∠ B = 90° rFkk ∠ C = θ.

ge tkurs gSa fd
BC 40
cot θ = =
AB 9

ekuk BC = 40k rFkk AB = 9k gSA

ledks.k ΔABC es]a

AC = BC2 + AB2
558 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
= (40k )2 + (9k )2 A

= 1600k 2 + 81k 2
k
41

9k
= 1681k 2 or 41 k [Link]

C θ
AB 9k 9 40 k B
vc sin θ = = =
AC 41k 41
vkÑfr 22.21
BC 40k 40
cos θ = = =
AC 41k 41

AC 41k 41
vkSj sec θ = = =
BC 40k 40

9 40
×
cos θ. sin θ 41 41
∴ = 41
sec θ
40

9 40 40
= × ×
41 41 41

14400
=
68921

1
mnkgj.k 22.12.: f=Hkqt PQR esa, ∠ Q = 90° rFkk tan R = gSA n'kkZb, fd
3
sin P cos R + cos P sin R = 1
1
gy: fn;k gS f=Hkqt PQR es,a ∠ Q = 90° rFkk tan R = gSA
3
ge tkurs gSa fd
P
PQ 1
tan R = =
QR 3
2k 1k
ekuk PQ = k rFkk QR = 3 k
R Q
rc, PR = PQ 2 + QR 2 3 k

vkÑfr 22.22
[Link] 559
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
= k2 + ( 3k ) 2

= k 2 + 3k 2

[Link] = 4k 2 vFkok 2 k

∠P dh lEeq[k Hkqtk QR 3k 3
∴ sin P = = = =
[Link] PR 2k 2

∠P dh layXu Hkqtk 1k 1
cos P = = =
[Link] 2k 2

∠R dh lEeq[k Hkqtk PQ 1k 1
sin R = = = =
[Link] PR 2k 2

∠R dh layXu Hkqtk QR 3k 3
na d cos R = = = =
[Link] PR 2k 2

3 3 1 1
∴ sin P cos R + cos P sin R = . + .
2 2 2 2

3 1 4
= + =
4 4 4
=1
mnkgj.k 22.13.: ΔABC eas, ∠ B ledks.k gSA ;fn AB = c, BC = a rFkk AC = b gks] rks
fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lk dFku lR; gS\
2b A
(i) cos C + sin A =
a

b a b
(ii) cos C + sin A = +
c

a b

2a C B
(iii) cos C + sin A = a
b
vkÑfr 22.23
a c
(iv) cos C + sin A = +
b b

560 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
BC a
gy: ;gk¡ cos C = =
AC b

BC a
rFkk sin A = =
AC b [Link]

a a 2a
∴ cos C + sin A = + =
b b b

2a
∴ dFku (iii), vFkkZr cos C + sin A = lR; gSA
b

ns[ksa vkius fdruk lh[kk 22-3

20
1. ;fn sin θ = gks] rks cos θ rFkk tan θ ds eku Kkr dhft,A
29

24
2. ;fn tan θ = gks] rks sin θ rFkk cos θ ds eku Kkr dhft,A
7

7
3. ;fn cos A = gks] rks sin A rFkk tan A ds eku Kkr dhft,A
25

m
4. ;fn cos θ = gks] rks cot θ rFkk cosec θ ds eku Kkr dhft,A
n

4 cos θ . cot θ
5. ;fn cos θ = gks] rks dk eku Kkr dhft,A
5 1 − sec 2θ

2
6. ;fn cosec θ = gks] rks sin2 θ cos θ + tan2 θ dk eku Kkr dhft,A
3

5
7. ;fn cot B = gks] rks n'kkZb, fd cosec2 B = 1 + cot2 B gSA
4

3
8. ΔABC ,d ledks.k f=Hkqt gS] ftlesa ∠C = 90o gSA ;fn tan A = gks] rks sin B rFkk
2
tan B ds eku Kkr dhft,A

[Link] 561
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
1
9. ;fn tan A = rFkk tan B = 3 gks] rks n'kkZb, fd cos A cos B – sin A sin B = 0.
3

12
10. ;fn cot A = gks] rks n'kkZb, fd tan2A – sin2A = sin4A sec2A.
[Link] 5

[ladsr: tan A, sin A rFkk sec A ds eku Kkr dhft, rFkk bu ekuksa dks izfrLFkkfir djs]a

11. vkÑfr 22.24 esa, ΔABC, 'kh"kZ B ij [Link] gSA ;fn AB = c, BC = a rFkk CA =
b, gks] rks fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lk dFku lR; gS\

b+c A
(i) sin A + cos A =
a

a+c b c
(ii) sin A + cos A =
b

a +b C
a
B
(iii) sin A + cos A =
c
vkÑfr 22.24
a+b+c
(iv) sin A + cos A =
b

22-4 f=[Link]; vuqikrksa ds chp lEcU/k

'kh"kZ B ij ledks.k ΔABC es]a ge tkurs gSa fd
AB
sin θ =
AC
BC A
cos θ =
AC
AB
rFkk tan θ =
BC

AB AB BC
iqu% fy[krs gq, , tan θ = = ÷
BC AC AC θ
C B
AB
vkÑfr 22.25
AC sin θ
= BC =
cos θ
AC

562 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
sin θ
bl izdkj] ge ns[krs gSa fd tan θ = gSA
cos θ

ge bl [Link] dks AB = 3 lseh, BC = 4 lseh rFkk AC = AB2 + BC2 = 32 + 52 ;k

5 lseh ysdj lR;kfir dj ldrs gSAa [Link]

3 4 3
∴ sin θ = , cos θ = rFkk tan θ =
5 5 4

3
sin θ 5 = 3
vc = 4 4 = tan θ.
cos θ
5

bl izdkj [Link] lR;kfir gks tkrk gSA

AB
iqu% sin θ = ls]
AC

1 1 AC
= = = cosec θ
sin θ AB AB
AC

1
vr% cosec θ = ;k cosec θ . sin θ = 1
sin θ

ge dgrs gSa fd sin θ dk O;qRØe cosec θ gSA

BC
iqu%, cos θ = ls]
AC

1 1 AC
= = = sec θ
cos θ BC BC
AC

1
vr% sec θ = ;k sec θ . cos θ = 1
cos θ

vr% ge dgrs gSa fd cos θ dk O;qRØe sec θ gSA

AB
vUr es,a tan θ = ls]
BC

[Link] 563
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
1 1 BC
= = = cot θ
tan θ AB AB
BC

1
[Link] vr%, cot θ = ;k tan θ . cot θ = 1
tan θ

1 cos θ
=
iqu% cot θ = sin θ sin θ
cos θ

ge dgrs gSa fd tan θ dk O;qRØe cot θ gSA

bl izdkj cosec θ, sec θ rFkk cot θ Øe'k% sin θ, cos θ rFkk tan θ ds O;qRØe gSAa
geus bl izdkj] fuEu [Link] LFkkfir fd,%
sin θ
(i) tan θ =
cos θ

1
(ii) cosec θ =
sin θ

1
(iii) sec θ =
cos θ

1 cos θ
(iv) cot θ = =
tan θ sin θ

vc ge mijksDr [Link] dks f=[Link]; vuqikrksa ds eku Kkr djus esa iz;ksx dj ldrs
gSaA
1 3
mnkgj.k 22.14: ;fn cos θ = rFkk sin θ = gks] rks cosec θ, sec θ rFkk
2 2
tan θ ds eku Kkr dhft,A
gy: ge tkurs gS]a

1 1 2
cosec θ = = 3 = 3
sin θ
2

1 1
sec θ = = =2
cos θ 1
2
564 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]

3
sin θ 3 2
rFkk tan θ = = 2 = × = 3
cos θ 1 2 1
2
[Link]
mnkgj.k 22.15: ;fn 'kh"kZ C ij ledks.k f=Hkqt ABC esa, tan A = 1 gS] rks cos B dk eku
Kkr dhft,A
gy: vkb, ge ΔABC cuk;sa ftlesa ∠C = 90o.
tan A = 1 (fn;k gS) A

BC
tan A = =1
AC

∴ BC rFkk AC cjkcj gSAa

ekuk BC = AC = k
B C
rc AB = BC + AC
2 2

vkÑfr 22.26
= k2 + k2

= 2k

BC k
vc cos B = =
AB 2k

1
=
2

1
vr% cos B =
2

ns[ksa vkius fdruk lh[kk 22-4

1 3
1. ;fn sin θ = rFkk cos θ = gks] rks cot θ rFkk sec θ ds eku Kkr dhft,A
2 2

3
2. ;fn sin θ = rFkk tan θ = 3 gks] rks cos2 θ + sin θ cot θ dk eku Kkr dhft,A
2

[Link] 565
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
3
3. ledks.k ΔABC esa, dks.k C ledks.k gS rFkk cos A = gSA
2
sin A sin B + cos A cos B dk eku Kkr dhft,A

[Link] 4. ;fn cosec A = 2 gks] rks sin A rFkk tan A ds eku Kkr dhft,A

5. ;fn 'kh"kZ B ij ledks.k ΔABC es]a tan A = 3 gks] rks tan2 B sec2 A – (tan2 A + cot2 B)
dk eku Kkr dhft,A

22-5 loZlfedk
geus fiNyh d{kkvksa es]a [Link] esa [Link] ds ckjs esa i<+k gSA ;kn dhft, fd tc nks
O;atdksa dks fpUg ‘=’ ls feyk;k tk,] rks gesa ,d lehdj.k izkIr gksrk gSA bl [k.M es]a ge
^loZlfedk* dh ladYiuk ls vkidk ifjp; djk;sx a sA tc ge nks O;atdksa dks lekurk ds
fpUg ls tksMr+ s gSa rks gesa loZlferk izkIr gksrh gSA tc ge ;g dgrs gSa fd nks O;atdksa dks
fpUg ‘=’ ls tksMu+ s ij lehdj.k ;k loZlfedk izkIr gksrh gS rks nksuksa esa D;k vUrj gSA
nksuksa esa eq[; varj ;g gS fd pj esa lehdj.k pj ds dqN ekuksa ds fy, lR; gksrk gS tcfd
pj esa og lehdj.k tks pj ds izR;sd eku ds fy, lR; gksrk gS] loZlfedk dgykrk gSA
bl izdkj x2 – 2x + 1 = 0 ,d lehdj.k gS D;ksfa d ;g x = 1 ds fy, lR; gSA
x2 – 5x + 6 = 0 ,d lehdj.k gS D;ksfa d ;g x = 2 rFkk x = 3 ds fy, lR; gSA

;fn ge x2 – 5x + 6 = (x – 2) (x – 3) ij fopkj djs]a rks ;g ,d loZlfedk gks tkrk gS

D;ksfa d ;g x = 2, x = 3, x = 0, x = 10 bR;kfn lHkh ds fy, lR; gS vFkkZr x ds lHkh ekuksa
ds fy, lR; gSA vxys [kaM esa ge f=[Link] esa dqN loZlfedkvksa ij fopkj djsx a sA
Y

22-6 f=[Link]; loZlfedk,¡

P A′
vkius ,d dks.k] tks ,d fdj.k dks izkjfEHkd
fLFkfr ls vfUre fLFkfr rd ?kqekus ls izkIr
fd;k tkrk gS] ,d ifjHkk"kk ds :i esa θ
lh[kk gSA vkius bl dks.k ls tqMs+ gq, lHkh X′ O M A X
f=[Link]; vuqikrksa dh ifjHkk"kk Hkh lh[kh
gSA ge budks ;gk¡ fQj ls nksgjkrs gSAa
ekuk XOX′ rFkk YOY′ funsZ'kkadksa ds
vk;rkdkj v{k gSAa ekuk v{k OX ij dksbZ Y′
fcUnq A gSA vc ge fdj.k OA dks ry esa vkÑfr 22.27

566 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
vkjafHkd fLFkfr OX ls fcUnq O ds fxnZ
?kM+h dh lqbZ ds foijhr fn'kk esa ?kqekuk
izkjEHk djrs gS]a tc rd dqN vUrjky esa
;g vfUre fLFkfr OA′ ij u igq¡p tk,A
ekuk ∠A′OA = θA fdj.k OA′ ij dksbZ [Link]
fcUnq P ysdj PM ⊥ OX [khafp,A
ledks.k ΔPMO esa
PM
sin θ =
OP

OM
vkSj cos θ =
OP
nksuksa dk oxZ djus rFkk tksMu+ s ij]
2 2
⎛ PM ⎞ ⎛ OM ⎞
sin θ + cos θ = ⎜
2 2 ⎟ +⎜ ⎟
⎝ OP ⎠ ⎝ OP ⎠

PM 2 + OM 2 OP 2
= =
OP 2 OP 2
=1
vr%, sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 ...(1)

ge ;g Hkh tkurs gSa fd

OP
sec θ =
OM

PM
vkSj tan θ =
OM

nksuksa dk oxZ djds ?kVkus ij]

2 2
⎛ OP ⎞ ⎛ PM ⎞
sec2 θ – tan2 θ = ⎜ ⎟ −⎜ ⎟
⎝ OM ⎠ ⎝ OM ⎠

OP 2 − PM 2
=
OM 2

OM 2
= [ikbFkkxksjl izes; }kjk OP2 – PM2 = OM2]
OM 2
[Link] 567
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
=1
vr%, sec2 θ – tan2 θ = 1 ...(2)
OP
iqu%, cosec θ =
PM
[Link]
OM
vkSj cot θ =
PM

nksuksa dk oxZ djds ?kVkus ij

2 2
⎛ OP ⎞ ⎛ OM ⎞
cosec θ – cot θ = ⎜
2 2 ⎟ −⎜ ⎟
⎝ PM ⎠ ⎝ PM ⎠

OP 2 − OM 2 PM 2
= =
PM 2 PM 2

[ikbFkkxksjl izes; }kjk, OP2 – OM2 = PM2]

=1
vr%, cosec2 θ – cot2 θ = 1 ...(3)

uksV: [Link]; lafØ;kvksa }kjk] ge loZlfedkvksa (1), (2) vkSj (3) dks Øe'k% bl izdkj
fy[k ldrs gS%a
sin2 θ = 1– cos2 θ ;k cos2 θ = 1 – sin2 θ

sec2 θ = 1 + tan2 θ ;k tan2 θ = sec2 θ – 1

rFkk cosec2 θ = 1 + cot2 θ ;k cot2 θ = cosec2 θ – 1

vc ge mijksDr loZlfedkvksa dks iz;ksx djrs gq,] dqN mnkgj.k gy djsx

a sA
mnkgj.k 22.16: fl) dhft, fd
1
tan θ + cot θ =
sin θ cos θ
gy: ck;k¡ i{k = tan θ + cot θ
sin θ cos θ
= +
cos θ sin θ

sin 2θ + cos 2θ 1
= = (Θ sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1)
sin θ cos θ sin θ cos θ
= nk;k¡ i{k

568 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
1
vr%, tan θ + cot θ =
sin θ cos θ
mnkgj.k 22.17: fl) dhft, fd
sin A 1 + cos A
+ = 2 cosec A [Link]
1 + cos A sin A
sin A 1 + cos A
gy: ck;k¡ i{k = +
1 + cos A sin A

sin 2 A + (1 + cos A )
2

=
sin A (1 + cos A )

sin 2 A + 1 + cos 2 A + 2 cos A

=
sin A (1 + cos A )

(sin A + cos A ) + 1 + 2 cos A

2 2

=
sin A (1 + cos A )

1 + 1 + 2 cos A
sin A (1 + cos A )
=

2 + 2 cos A
sin A (1 + cos A )
=

2 (1 + cos A )
sin A (1 + cos A )
=

2
=
sin A
= 2 cosec A
= nk;k¡ i{k

sin A 1 + cos A
vr%, + = 2 cosec A
1 + cos A sin A

mnkgj.k 22.18: fl) dhft, fd

1 − sin A
= (sec A − tan A )
2

1 + sin A

[Link] 569
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
gy: nk;k¡ i{k = (sec A − tan A )2

2
⎛ 1 sin A ⎞
=⎜ − ⎟
⎝ cos A cos A ⎠
[Link]
2
⎛ 1 − sin A ⎞
=⎜ ⎟
⎝ cos A ⎠

(1− sin A ) 2
=
cos 2 A

(1 − sin A ) 2 (Θ cos A = 1 − sin A )

2 2
= 2
1 – sin A

(1 − sin A )2
=
(1 – sin A )(1 + sin A )
1 − sin A
=
1 + sin A

= ck;k¡ i{k

1 − sin A
= (sec A − tan A )
2
vr%,
1 + sin A

nwljh fof/k
ge ck;sa i{k ls izkjEHk dj] bl iz'u dks fuEu fof/k ls Hkh gy dj ldrs gS%a
1 − sin A
ck;k¡ i{k =
1 + sin A

1 − sin A 1− sin A
= ×
1 + sin A 1 – sin A

(1 − sin A )2
=
1 – sin 2 A

(1 − sin A )2
=
cos 2 A

570 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
2
⎛ 1 − sin A ⎞
=⎜ ⎟
⎝ cos A ⎠

2
⎛ 1 sin A ⎞
=⎜ − ⎟ [Link]
⎝ cos A cos A ⎠

= (sec A − tan A )2

= nk;k¡ i{k

[Link]: mijksDr [Link] ls f=[Link]; loZlfedkvksa ij iz'uksa dks gy djus dh fuEu

fof/k izkIr djrs gS%a
f=[Link]; loZlfedkvksa ij iz'u gy djus dh fof/k
pj.k 1: ck;sa i{k ;k nk;sa i{k dks lqfo/kk vuqlkj pqu yhft,A
pj.k 2: ck;sa i{k ¼;k nk;sa i{k½ dks ljy djus ds fy,] fHkUu loZlfedkvksa dk iz;ksx dhft,
vkSj nwljs i{k ds [Link] ij igqfa p,A
pj.k 3: ;fn vki ck;sa i{k ¼;k nk;sa i{k½ ds [Link] ij ugha igqp
a rs] rks ,d mfpr [Link]
ij igqp
a dj] nwljs i{k dks Hkh ljy dj yhft, rFkk igys izkIr [Link] ij igqp a tkb,A
pj.k 4: D;ksfa d nksuksa i{k dh loZlfedk,a ,d gh loZlfedk ds cjkcj fl) gks tkrh gaS]
nksuksa i{k Hkh leku gksxa sA
vc ge f=[Link]; loZlfedkvksa ij dqN vkSj iz'u gy djrs gSAa
mnkgj.k 22.19: fl) dhft, fd:

1 − sinθ cosθ
=
1 + sinθ 1 + sinθ

1 − sinθ
gy: ck;ka i{k =
1 + sinθ

1 − sinθ 1 + sinθ
= ×
1 + sinθ 1 + sinθ

1 − sin 2θ
=
1 + sinθ

[Link] 571
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
cos 2θ
=
1 + sinθ
(Θ 1 − sin θ = cos θ )
2 2

cosθ
= = nk;ka i{k
[Link] 1 + sinθ

1 − sinθ cosθ
vr%, =
1 + sinθ 1 + sinθ

mnkgj.k 22.20: fl) dhft, fd

cos4 A – sin4A = cos2 A – sin2 A = 1 – 2 sin2A
gy: ck;ka i{k = cos4 A – sin4A
= (cos2 A)2 – (sin2 A)2
= (cos2 A + sin2 A) (cos2 A – sin2 A)
= cos2 A – sin2 A (Θ cos2 A + sin2 A = 1)
= nk;ka i{k

iqu% cos2 A – sin2 A = (1 – sin2 A) – sin2A (Θ cos2 A = 1 – sin2 A )

= 1 – 2 sin2 A
= nk;ka i{k

vr% cos4 A – sin4A = cos2 A – sin2 A = 1 – 2 sin2A

mnkgj.k 22.21: fl) dhft, fd

sec A (1 – sin A) (sec A + tan A) = 1
gy: ck;ka i{k = sec A (1 – sin A) (sec A + tan A)

=
1
(1 − sin A) ⎛⎜ 1 + sin A ⎞⎟
cos A ⎝ cos A cos A ⎠

(1 − sinA )(1 + sinA )

=
cos 2 A

1 − sin 2 A
=
cos 2 A

572 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
cos 2 A
=
cos 2 A

= 1 = nk;ka i{k

vr%, sec A (1 – sin A) (sec A + tan A) = 1 [Link]

mnkgj.k 22.22: fl) dhft, fd

tanθ + secθ − 1 1 + sinθ

=
tanθ − secθ + 1 cosθ
cosθ
=
1 − sinθ

tan θ + sec θ − 1
gy: ck;k¡ i{k =
tan θ − sec θ + 1

(tanθ + secθ ) − (sec 2θ − tan 2θ ) (Θ 1 = sec θ − tan θ )

2 2
=
tanθ − secθ + 1

(tan θ + sec θ ) − (sec θ + tan θ )(sec θ − tan θ )

=
tan θ − sec θ + 1

(tanθ + secθ )[1 − (sec θ − tanθ )]

=
tanθ − sec θ + 1

(tanθ + secθ )(1 − secθ + tanθ )

=
tanθ − secθ + 1
= tan θ + sec θ

1 + sinθ
=
cosθ

= nk;ka i{k

1 + sinθ (1 + sinθ )(1 − sinθ )

cosθ (1 − sinθ )
iqu% =
cosθ

1 − sin 2 θ
=
cosθ (1 − sinθ )

[Link] 573
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
cos 2 θ
=
cosθ (1 − sinθ )

cosθ
=
[Link] 1 − sinθ

= nk;k¡ i{k

tanθ + secθ − 1 1 + sinθ

vr%, =
tanθ − secθ + 1 cosθ
cosθ
=
1 − sinθ

mnkgj.k 22.23: ;fn cos θ – sin θ = 2 sin θ gks] rks n'kkZb, fd

cos θ + sin θ = 2 cos θ.

gy: gesa fn;k x;k gS% cos θ – sin θ = 2 sin θ

;k cos θ = 2 sin θ + sin θ

;k cos θ = ( 2 + 1) sin θ

cosθ
;k = sinθ
2 +1

sinθ =
cosθ
×
( 2 −1)
;k
2 +1 ( 2 −1)
2 cos θ − cos θ
;k sin θ =
2 −1

;k sin θ + cos θ = 2 cos θ

vr%, cos θ + sin θ = 2 cos θ.

mnkgj.k 22.24: ;fn tan4 θ + tan2 θ = 1 gks] rks n'kkZb, fd

cos4 θ + cos2 θ = 1
gy: geas fn;k x;k gS] tan4 θ + tan2 θ = 1

574 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
;k tan2 θ ( tan2 θ + 1) = 1

1
;k 1 + tan 2 θ = = cot 2 θ
tan θ
2

;k sec2 θ = cot2 θ (1 + tan2 θ = sec2θ ) [Link]

1 cos 2 θ
;k =
cos 2 θ sin 2 θ

;k sin2 θ = cos4 θ

;k 1 – cos2 θ = cos4 θ (sin2 θ = 1 – cos2 θ)

;k cos4 θ + cos2 θ = 1

ns[ksa vkius fdruk lh[kk 22-5

fuEufyf[kr loZlfedkvksa esa ls izR;sd dks fl) dhft,%
1. (cosec2 θ – 1) sin2 θ = cos2 θ
2. sin4A + sin2A cos2A = sin2A
3. cos2 θ (1 + tan2 θ) = 1
4. (1 + tan2 θ) sin2 θ = tan2 θ

sinA sinA
5. + = 2cosecA
1 + cosA 1 − cosA

1 + cosA 1 + cosA
6. =
1 − cosA sinA

secA − tanA cosA

7. =
secA + tanA 1 + sinA

8. (sin A – cos A)2 + 2 sin A cos A = 1

9. cos4 θ + sin4 θ – 2 sin2 θ cos2 θ = (2 cos2 θ – 1)2

sinA − sinB cosA − cosB

10. + =0
cosA + cosB sinA + sinB

[Link] 575
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
11. (cosec θ – sin θ) (sec θ – cos θ) (tan θ + cos θ) = 1

12. sin A(1 + tan A) + cos A (1 + cot A) = sec A + cosec A

1 − cosA
= (cosecA − cotA )
2
13.
[Link] 1 + cosA

tanA cotA
14. + = 1 + secAcosecA
1 − cotA 1 − tanA

cotA + cosecA − 1 1 + cosA

15. cotA − cosecA + 1 = sinA
sinA
=
1 − cosA

16. ;fn sin2 θ + sin θ = 1, rks n'kkZb, fd

cos2 θ + cos4 θ = 1

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa esa ls fn;s x, pkj fodYiksa esa ls lgh fodYi pqfu, (17 - 20):
17. (sin A + cos A)2 – 2 sin A cos A cjkcj gS
(i) 0 (ii) 2 (iii) 1 (iv) sin2A – cos2A
18. sin4A – cos4A cjkcj gS
(i) 1 (ii) sin2A – cos2A (iii) 0 (iv) tan2A
19. sin2A – sec2A + cos2A + tan2A cjkcj gS
(i) 0 (ii) 1 (iii) sin2A (iv) cos2A
20. (sec A – tan A) (sec A + tan A) – (cosec A – cot A) (cosec A + cot A) cjkcj gS

1
(i) 2 (ii) 1 (iii) 0 (iv)
2

22-7 iwjd [Link] ds fy, f=[Link]; vuqikr

T;kfefr es]a geus iwjd rFkk lEiwjd [Link] ds ckjs esa i<+k gSA ;kn dhft, fd nks dks.k iwjd
gksrs gSa ;fn mudk tksM+ 900 gSA ;fn nks [Link] A rFkk B dk ;ksx 90o gks] rks ∠A rFkk ∠B
iwjd dks.k gksrs gSa rFkk izR;sd dks.k] nwljs dks.k dk iwjd gksrk gSA bl izdkj 20o rFkk 70o
ds dks.k iwjd dks.k gSAa 20o dk dks.k 70o ds dks.k dk iwjd gS rFkk foykser% 700 dk dks.k
200 ds dks.k dk iwjd gSA
576 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
ekuk X′OX rFkk YOY′ nks vk;rkdkj Y
v{k gSAa ekuk OX ij dksbZ fcUnq A gSA A′
ekuk fdj.k OA ?kM+h dh lqbZ dh foijhr P
90o–θ
fn'kk esa ?kwerh gqbZ izkjfEHkd fLFkfr OX ls
dks.k θ cukrh gSA ekuk ∠ POM = θA [Link]
OX ij PM yEc [khafp,A rc ΔPMO θ
X′ O M A X
,d ledks.k f=Hkqt gSA
vc, ∠POM + ∠OPM + ∠PMO = 180o

;k ∠POM + ∠OPM + 90o = 180o

;k ∠POM + ∠OPM = 90o Y′

∴ ∠OPM = 90o – ∠POM = 90o – θ vkÑfr 22.28
bl izdkj] ∠OPM rFkk ∠POM iwjd dks.k gSAa
vc ledks.k f=Hkqt PMO esa,
PM OM PM
sin θ = , cos θ = rFkk tan θ =
OP OP OM

OP OP OM
cosec θ = , sec θ = rFkk cot θ =
PM OM PM

vc (90o –θ) ds dks.k ds fy,]

ledks.k ΔOPM esa,

(
sin 90 o − θ =) OM
OP
= cos θ

(
cos 90 o − θ = ) PM
OP
= sin θ

(
tan 90o − θ = ) OM
PM
= cot θ

(
cot 90o − θ = ) PM
OM
= tan θ

(
cosec 90 o − θ = ) OP
OM
= sec θ

[Link] 577
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]

rFkk ( )
sec 90o − θ =
OP
PM
= cosec θ

mijksDr 6 [Link]] iwjd [Link] ds f=[Link]; vuqikr dgykrs gSAa [Link]

[Link] sin (90o – 20o) = cos 20o vFkkZr sin 70o = cos 20o

tan (90o – 40o) = cot 40o vFkkZr tan 50o = cot 40o bR;kfn

vkb, mijksDr [Link] ds iz;ksx ls dqN iz'u gy djsAa

mnkgj.k 22.25: fl) dhft, fd tan 13o = cot 77o gSA
gy: nk;ka i{k = cot 77o
= cot (90o – 13o)
= tan 13o ....[Θ cot (90o – θ) = tan θ]
= ck;ka i{k

vr%, tan 13o = cot 77o

mnkgj.k 22.26: eku Kkr dhft,% sin2 40o – cos2 50o
gy: cos 50o = cos (90o – 40o)
= sin 40o ....[Θ cos (90o – θ) = sin θ]
∴ sin2 40o – cos2 50o = sin2 40o – sin2 40o = 0

cos 41o sec 37 o

mnkgj.k 22.27: eku Kkr dhft,: +
sin 49 o cosec 53o

gy: sin 49o = sin (90o – 41o) = cos 41o ...[Θ sin (90o – θ) = cos θ]

rFkk cosec 53o = cosec (90o – 37o) = sec 37o ...[Θ cosec (90o – θ) = sec θ]

cos 41o sec 37 o cos 41 o sec 37 o

∴ + = +
sin 49 o cosec 53o cos 41 o sec 37 o
= 1+1 = 2
mnkgj.k 22.28: n'kkZb, fd
3 sin 17o sec 73o + 2 tan 20o tan 70o = 5
gy: 3 sin 17o sec 73o + 2 tan 20o tan 70o
= 3 sin 17o sec (90o – 17o) + 2 tan 20o tan (90o – 20o)

578 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
= 3 sin 17o cosec 17o + 2 tan 20o cot 20o
...[Θ sec (90o – θ) = cosec θ and tan (90o – θ) = cot θ]

1 1
o
= 3 sin 17 . o
+ 2 tan 20 o.
sin 17 tan 20 o [Link]
=3+2=5
mnkgj.k 22.29: n'kkZb, fd tan 7o tan 23o tan 67o tan 83o = 1
gy: tan 67o = tan (90o – 23o) = cot 23o

rFkk tan 83o = tan (90o – 7o) = cot 7o

vc. ck;ka i{k = tan 7o tan 23o tan 67o tan 83o
= tan 7o tan 23o cot 23o cot 7o
= (tan 7o cot 7o) (tan 23o cot 23o)
= 1 .1 = 1
= nk;ka i{k

vr%, tan 7o tan 23o tan 67o tan 83o = 1

mnkgj.k 22.30: ;fn tan A = cot B, gks] rks fl) dhft, A + B = 90o.
gy: gesa fn;k x;k gS
tan A = cot B
;k tan A = tan (90o – B) ... [Θ cot θ = tan (90o – θ)]
∴ A = 90o – B
;k A + B = 90o

⎛ B+C⎞ ⎛A⎞
mnkgj.k 22.31: ΔABC ds fy,] n'kkZb, fd sin⎜ 2 ⎟ = cos⎜ 2 ⎟ , tcfd A, B vkSj
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
C, f=Hkqt ABC ds vkUrfjd dks.k gSAa

gy: ge tkurs gSa fd f=Hkqt ds [Link] dk tksM+ 180o gksrk gSA

∴ A + B + C = 180o
;k B + C = 180o – A

B+C A
;k = 90 o −
2 2

[Link] 579
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
⎛ B+C⎞ ⎛ o A⎞
∴ sin ⎜ ⎟ = sin ⎜ 90 − ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2⎠

⎛ B+C⎞ ⎛A⎞
;k sin ⎜ ⎟ = cos⎜ ⎟
[Link] ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝2⎠

cosθ sinθ
mnkgj.k 22.32: fl) dhft,% sin (90 o − θ ) + cos (90 o − θ ) = 2

cosθ sinθ
gy: ck;ka i{k = sin (90 o − θ ) + cos (90 o − θ )

cos θ sin θ
= + ... [Θ sin (90o – θ) = cos θ and cos (90o – θ) = sin θ]
cos θ sin θ
=1+1=2
= nk;ka i{k

cosθ sinθ
+ =2
vr%, ( )
sin 90 − θ cos 90 o − θ
o
( )
(
sin 90 o − θ
+
)
cos 90 o − θ
=1
( )
mnkgj.k 22.33: fl) dhft,%
(
cosec 90 o − θ sec 90 o − θ ) ( )
sin 90 o − θ
+
(
cos 90 o − θ ) ( )
gy: cka;k i{k =
(
cosec 90 o − θ sec 90 o − θ ) ( )
cosθ sinθ
= + ...[Θ sin (90o – θ) = cos θ, cos (90o – θ) = sin θ,
secθ cosec θ
cosec (90o – θ) = sec θ and sec (90o – θ) = cosec θ]

cosθ sinθ
= + = cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 1
1 1
cosθ sinθ

= nk;ka i{k

(
sin 90 o − θ
+
)
cos 90 o − θ
=1
( )
vr%,
(
cosec 90 o − θ sec 90 o − θ ) ( )

580 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
mnkgj.k 22.34: ljy dhft,

( ) ( )
cos 90o − θ sec 90o − θ tanθ
+
(
tan 90o − θ )
( ) ( ) (
cosec 90o − θ sin 90o − θ cot 90o − θ ) cotθ

gy: fn;k x;k O;atd [Link]

( ) ( )
cos 90 o − θ sec 90 o − θ tanθ
+
(
tan 90 o − θ )
=
( ) ( ) (
cosec 90 o − θ sin 90 o − θ cot 90 o − θ ) cotθ

sin θ cosec θ tan θ cotθ

= + ...[Θ sin θ . cosec θ = 1 and sec θ . cos θ = 1]
sec θ cos θ tanθ cotθ
=1+1
=2
mnkgj.k 22.35: tan 68o + sec 68o dks 0o ls 45o ds chp ds [Link] ds inksa esa O;Dr dhft,A
gy: ge tkurs gSa fd
tan (90o – θ) = cot θ
rFkk sec (90o – θ) = cosec θ
∴ tan 68o = tan (90o – 22o) = cot 22o
rFkk sec 68o = sec (90o – 22o) = cosec 22o

vr% tan 68o + sec 68o = cot 22o + cosec 22o.

[Link]: iwjd [Link] ds iz'uksa es]a izk;% ge 45o ls cM+s dks.k dks mlds iwjd dks.k esa cnyrs
gSaA
mnkgj.k 22.36: ;fn tan 2A = cot (A – 18o) gks] tcfd 2A ,d U;wu dks.k gS] rks A dk eku
Kkr dhft,A
gy: gesa fn;k x;k gS tan 2A = cot (A – 18o)
;k cot (90o – 2A) = cot (A – 18o) ...[Θ cot (90o – 2A = tan 2A]
∴ 90o – 2A = A – 18o
;k 3A = 90o + 18o

;k 3A = 108o

;k A = 36o

[Link] 581
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]

ns[ksa vkius fdruk lh[kk 22-6

1. n'kkZb, fd
[Link] (i) cos 55o = sin 35o
(ii) sin2 11o – cos2 79o = 0
(iii) cos2 51o – sin2 39o = 0
2. fuEufyf[kr esa ls izR;sd dk eku Kkr dhft,%

3 sin 19o tan 65o cos 89o

(i) (ii) (iii)
cos 71o 2 cot 25o 3 sin 1o

3 sin 5o 2 tan 33o

o
(iv) cos 48 – sin 42 o
(v) +
cos 85o cot 57 o

cot 54 o tan 20o

(vi) + −2
tan 36o cot 70o
(vii) sec 41o sin 49o + cos 49o cosec 41o

cos 75o sin 12o cos 18o

(viii) + −
sin 15o cos 78o sin 72o

3. fuEufyf[kr esa ls izR;sd dk eku Kkr dhft,%

2 2
⎛ sin 47 o ⎞ ⎛ cos 43o ⎞
(i) ⎜⎜ ⎟ + ⎜⎜
o ⎟
⎟
o ⎟
⎝ cos 43 ⎠ ⎝ sin 47 ⎠

cos2 20o + cos2 70o

(ii)
(
3 sin 2 59o + sin 2 31o )
4. fl) dhft,%
(i) sin θ cos (90o – θ) + cos θ sin (90o – θ) = 1
(ii) cos θ cos (90o – θ) – sin θ sin (90o – θ) = 0

(
cos 90o − θ
+
)
1 + sin 90o − θ (
= 2 cosecθ
)
(iii)
(
1 + sin 90o − θ )
cos 90o − θ ( )
( ) ( ) (
tan 90 o − θ )
(iv) sin 90 − θ .cos 90 − θ =
o o

(
1 + tan 2 90 o − θ )
582 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
(v) tan 45o tan 13o tan 77o tan 85o = 1
(vi) 2 tan 15o tan 25o tan 65o tan 75o = 2
(vii) sin 20o sin 70o – cos 20o cos 70o = 0
5. n'kkZb, fd sin (50o + θ) – cos (40o – θ) = 0 [Link]
6. ;fn sin A = cos B tcfd A rFkk B U;wudks.k gS]a rks fl) dhft, fd A + B = 90o.

7. ΔABC esa, fl) dhft,%

⎛ B+C⎞ ⎛A⎞
(i) tan ⎜ ⎟ = cot ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝2⎠

⎛ A+B⎞ ⎛C⎞
(ii) cos⎜ ⎟ = sin ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝2⎠

8. tan 59o + cosec 85o dks 0o ls 45o ds chp ds [Link] ds f=[Link]; vuqikrksa ds :i
esa O;Dr dhft,A
9. sec 46o – cos 87o dks 0o ls 45o ds chp ds [Link] ds f=[Link]; vuqikrksa ds :i esa
O;Dr dhft,A
10. sec2 62o + sec2 69o dks 0o ls 45o ds chp ds [Link] ds f=[Link]; vuqikrksa ds :i esa
O;Dr dhft,A
fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa ds fy, lgh mÙkj pqfu, (11-12):

sin 40o 2 sec 41o

11. − dk eku gS
2 cos 50o 3cosec 49o

1 1
(i) – 1 (ii) (iii) − (iv) 1
6 6

12. ;fn sin (θ + 36o) = cos θ, tcfd θ + 36o ,d U;wu dks.k gS] rks θ dk eku gksxk
(i) 54o (ii) 18o (iii) 21o (iv) 27o

vkb, nksgjk,¡
• ,d ledks.k f=Hkqt ABC esa ge f=[Link]; vuqikr bl izdkj ifjHkkf"kr djrs gS%a

θ dh lEeq[k Hkqtk AB
sin θ = =
[Link] AC
[Link] 583
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
A
θ dh layXu Hkqtk BC
cos θ = =
[Link] AC

θ dh lEeq[k Hkqtk AB
tan θ = =
[Link] θ dh layXu Hkqtk BC

θ dh layXu Hkqtk BC
cot θ = =
θ dh lEeq[k Hkqtk AB θ
C B
[Link] AC
sec θ = =
θ dh layXu Hkqtk BC

[Link] AC
cosec θ = =
θ dh lEeq[k Hkqtk AB

• fHkUu&fHkUu f=[Link]; vuqikrksa esa fuEu lac/a k gksrs gS%a

sin θ cos θ
(i) tan θ = (ii) cot θ =
cos θ sin θ

1 1
(iii) sec θ = (iv) cosec θ =
cos θ sin θ

1
(v) cot θ =
tan θ
• f=[Link]; loZlfedk,¡ gSa:
(i) sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
(ii) sec2 θ – tan2 θ = 1
(iii) cosec2 θ – cot2 θ = 1
• nks dks.k] ftudk ;ksx 90o gks] iwjd dks.k dgykrs gSAa
• sin (90o – A) = cos A, cos (90o – A) = sin A vkSj tan (90o – A) = cot A.
• cosec (90o – A) = sec A, sec (90o – A) = cosec A rFkk cot (90o – A) = tan A

lgk;d oSclkbV
• [Link]
• [Link]

584 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]

vkb, vH;kl djsa

4
1. ;fn sin A = gks] rks cos A rFkk tan A ds eku Kkr dhft,A
5 [Link]

20
2. ;fn tan A = gks] rks cosec A rFkk sec A ds eku Kkr dhft,A
21

3
3. ;fn cot θ = gks] rks sin θ + cos θ dk eku Kkr dhft,A
4

m
4. ;fn sec θ = gks] rks sin θ rFkk tan θ ds eku Kkr dhft,A
n

3 sin θ tan θ − 1
5. ;fn cos θ = gks] rks dk eku Kkr dhft,A
5 2 tan 2 θ

5 tan θ
6. ;fn sec θ = gks] rks dk eku Kkr dhft,A
4 1 + tan θ

7. ;fn tan A = 1 rFkk tan B = 3 gks] rks cos A cos B – sin A sin B dk eku Kkr dhft,A

fuEufyf[kr esa ls izR;sd loZlfedk dks fl) dhft, (iz'u 8 –20):

8. (sec θ + tan θ) (1 – sin θ) = cos θ.
cot θ cosecθ
9. =
1 − tan θ secθ
1 − cos θ
= (cosecθ − cot θ )
2
10.
1 + cos θ

tan θ + sin θ sec θ + 1

11. =
tan θ − sin θ sec θ − 1
tan A + cot B
12. = tan A cot B
cot A + tan B

1 + cos A
13. = cosec A + cot A
1 − cos A

cosec A + 1 cos A
14. =
cosec A −1 1 − sin A
[Link] 585
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
15. sin3A – cos3A = (sin A – cos A) (1 + sin A cos A)

cos A sin A
16. + = cos A + sin A
1 − tan A 1 − cot A

[Link] sec A − 1 sec A + 1

17. + = 2cosecA
sec A + 1 sec A − 1

1
18. (cosecA − sin A )(sec A − cos A ) =
tan A + cot A
19. (1 + cot θ – cosec θ) (1 + tan θ + sec θ) = 2
20. 2(sin6 θ + cos6 θ ) – 3(sin4 θ + cos4 θ ) + 1 = 0

p2 −1
21. ;fn sec θ + tan θ = p gks] rks n'kkZb, fd sin θ = 2 gSA
p +1

cos 90o − A (
+
)
1 + sin 90o − A ( )
= 2 sec 90o − A ( )
22. fl) dhft, %
1 + sin 90 − A
o
( )
cos 90 − A
o
( )

23. fl) dhft, %

( ) (
sin 90o − A .cos 90o − A ) (
= sin 2 90o − A )
tanA

3
24. ;fn tan θ = rFkk θ + α = 90o gks] rks cot α dk eku Kkr dhft,A
4

25. ;fn cos (2θ + 54o) = sin θ rFkk (2θ + 54o) ,d U;wu dks.k gS] rks θ dk eku Kkr dhft,A

26. ;fn sec Q = cosec P rFkk P vkSj Q U;wu dks.k gS]a rks n'kkZb, fd P + Q = 90o gSA

ns[ksa vkius fdruk lh[kk ds mÙkj

22.1
5 12 5
1. (i) sin θ = , cos θ = , tan θ =
13 13 12
13 13 12
cosec θ = , sec θ = vkSj cot θ =
5 12 5

3 4 3
(ii) sin θ = , cos θ = , tan θ =
5 5 4

586 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
5 5 4
cosec θ = , sec θ = vkSj cot θ =
3 4 3

24 7 24
(iii) sin θ = , cos θ = , tan θ =
25 25 7 [Link]
25 25 7
cosec θ = , sec θ = vkSj cot θ =
24 7 24

4 3 4
(iv) sin θ = , cos θ = , tan θ =
5 5 3

5 5 3
cosec θ = , sec θ = vkSj cot θ =
4 3 4

5 4 5
2. sin A = , cos A = vkSj tan A =
41 41 4

40 9 40 40
3. sin C = , cot C = , cos A = vkSj cot A =
41 40 41 9

4. sec C = 2 , cosec C = 2 vkSj cot C =1

5. (iv)
6. (ii)

22.2

3 4 3
1. sin C = , cos C = vkSj tan C =
5 5 4

24 25 7
2. sin A = , cosec A = vkSj cot A =
25 24 24

3. sec P = 2 , cot P = 1, vkSj cosec P = 2

2 1 2
4. tan R = 3 , cosec R = 3 , sin P = 2 vkSj sec P = 3

24 7 25 7
5. cot θ = , sin θ = , sec θ = vkSj tan θ =
7 25 24 24

[Link] 587
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
2 6 5 5 2 6
6. sin P = , cos P = , sin R = vkSj cos R = , sin P – cos R = 0
7 7 7 7
7. (iii)
[Link]
22.3

21 20
1. cos θ = vkSj tan θ =
29 21
24 7
2. sin θ = vkSj cos θ =
25 25
24 24
3. sin A = vkSj tan A =
25 7

m n
4. cot θ = vkSj cosec θ =
n −m
2 2
n − m2
2

256
5. −
135
27
6.
8

2 2
7. sin B = vkSj tan B =
13 3
11. (ii)

22.4

2
1. cot θ = 3 vkSj sec θ = 3

3
2.
4

3
3.
2

1 1
4. sin A = vkSj tan A =
2 3

588 [Link]
 f=[Link] dk ifjp; ekWM~;wy–5
f=[Link]
14
5. −
3
22.5
17. (iii) [Link]
18. (ii)
19. (i)
20. (iii)

22.6

1 1
1. (i) 3 (ii) (iii) (iv) 0
2 3
(v) 5 (vi) 0 (vii) 2 (viii) 1

1
3. (i) 2 (ii)
3
8. cot 31o + sec 5o
9. cosec 44o – sin 3o
10. cosec2 28o + cosec2 21o
11. (ii)
12. (iv)

vkb, vH;kl djsa ds mÙkj

3 4
1. cos A = vkSj tan A =
5 3

29 29
2. cosec A = vkSj sec A =
20 21

7
3.
5

m2 − n 2 m2 − n 2
4. sin θ = vkSj tan θ =
m n

[Link] 589
ekWM~;wy–5 [Link] ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
f=[Link]
3
5.
160

3
6.
[Link] 7

1− 3
7.
2 2

3
24.
4
25. 12o

590 [Link]