Rectigsi ea : g.a-Define rectification. Explain th r effeciemey of. full wave rectifier is dowble of the half wave . rectifier S4 The process of conver tig sinusoidal ac signak into a puleating dc signal ‘5 called rectification: : , wk Efficiency is defined asthe ratio of de ate paoer tv ac echt pace ee tae one re where » / Pac = Tims (Ri+ Yo)» Yp = diode yaBtance 2 Pao = Tae Re aad tia Pde a The Re Fac Trns(Ret%o) ; : gO: So for maximum effidenty » Linon >> eek — eater © olen eke =a for ‘oad wave vechfier, a Tye Em amd Teme = 2 from Os Ga. (8)*= aa mosh (im/2)* for dy pore rectifier, ee = Tae um and Drms from (©), 2 a ASey [a y= @ ox oe “enon Pik) im> 1x "Lmao a ere Tha shade that effecioncey of full ave yectifier. double thar of haf wave ve ctifier Bg bmga-Explain the working prinetple of Howf wore rect fier ean electronic device which enverds Ac signa tnto pulsati eg Be aignad fs known as vectifiess: The process eeca can sinusoid al Ac signal te a pulsating Oc signal zKnaen as reckiffcation| Tere ave too ry Pem of rect fess: pHa wave rectifier i> Ful Wamwe Rectifier Halt wawe Pecti fiert The veckifier Greutle which converts amy Ff half cyl of inpubac signal te pulsating Ac signal Pe. Kavos os half ame Leck fren fen i Te is consitts of step damon trams and a dio dormacted Avro A load TeaBter Ri arehaonin figure vin A |p ° “4 al ER \s 3 | ° dij. Full Wave Qoctifier ig. 3/P and oP ower Overeetions: : >for positive half oe ot Mmput: * During positive half cycle of input ac signal, tre end A of Secondary winding af tansformer becomes positive and that Send & Speco ative The diode is forward biased nd ideally + bohavee ad Cd shett circuited so that werent Te fete Hrroygh load resiato™ Ryamd Ve = Vin: rcHg. foroard biased ciraut* \i> For n egative fn > During negate hg eqclect tap ac signal , the emda secondling ceccond coinding ef tramsfavmes 1 ve aomay, regats Fama Hat ond 2 id sco es positive The diode i is reversed biased and ideally it behaves as shed civcuitecd eo that the cerrent Je dacesnel Floa Tireugh load veeister RL and Vo =0- i | bg: Rovere Wi ored Cree b - Thus the diode conducte current durxing positiv half’ cycle amd the 6 wesultant Quiet oad coe © “ay shown In Ayre in AA c 7 >t fA 1 NA Moo | | ! LN Lt fig, Top & Oded waveforn of oR. ye x VnSRR ere reece ee bitte Full Wave Rectifier ( Centre— Tapped) The rect Fes tohich converts bot positive ama negate half cycle F input ac signal intoa pulsating ac outtpul eign ah ic Known ar ful wave Tectifier + q he contre tapped full ware vech free consis of a centre tapped step daon transformer, amd ty00 diodes D1 ANd D2 connected acroe a load resBtor RL as shoon in figure belo" De vin ty Basvelag Fox positive hod cycle, 7 SQuring pasitive half ae Input AC Signa), the ae of dona winding of tramsforme% pecomes Post Hdend @ Ybecomes nv ative: Dotle D1 oad oe Poroan piased and Diode D2 becomes wevorne biased: Te forward biased diode D1 behawes as chort crcut and conducts current ie thrawh load resBlor QL from end At endl as shoo in figure pelo. Her goad biased A sc D4 2S Dn = Reversed biased 2OC.Nae negathive half cycle * a During ne gortive hate oy cycle of raput ac signal, Me end cs. Sal et transformes become, negative ana th @ becomes positive. Thé Diode “ba js bas bias and Da ts forward biased. The forward biased diode conducts curvemt Hough loa a veaiztet Ru from @ to b ehoon ty figure : i D, = yeversed biased = 0'& forward biased = SC Thus Hee=ebie both the diodes D1 and Dz conduct Current through load ves®t0Or Ry in the & game direction . Geo uiea oucpucds py ware form as Shoon in figure:Comparison cf atl the parameters of ‘bet B-a- centre tapped FUR and Bridge FoR. sf To ET pwameters Centre Tapped FwR | Bridge FIOR Number of diodes 2 4 Manium ; Efficiency sr27 wien. ak Inverse 4 volkage 2Vm Vn Nae Vea zVm wy nq Transformer utiizabion. 0693 oo factor Ripple. factor o4ge ar { Ferm factor Std ged a Peak Factor Te CE ] Average Currents Tac/ 2 Tye/o. oudhput frepuemey of af2A ble [Link] he ie : ef de ve wlated pare, ‘ k diagram ¢ P Supple Lith the wave. es at each poirtt: i LA de x, wated de pases supply ig an Uectenic 5 “pe crete Ghack prodiices a eonklamt cctput Volta, "Tespective of the changes in the jnput voltage & fregque Y and ire dependent of the variations ty the out p load emditions: Pat de yo ean ty # ve oe TUM aad wavefernat The block diag raw of regulated dc paoee Supry is shnon b GLO Filter Voltage ~ Regt Civats Regulater] CE 2 Fig. block Atagrarn of regulated de poses Supply which ave dntussed below! s> Chamorro) Pstep dawn teams formes. >A stepdaon tramsformes, te an electrical device that reduces the voltage dan ac an power ly. Th regulated pow ee supply, tis used tn step Asn the voltage Ob Pee requrememnt: Vv VA + aX —_ F- [7 7 Ls Sf 4 masformen /p waredern tig Transfermen (ap) va Trams former ' ee - ~ Beer eM Spam auee os There ave four blocka in regulated AC paver supply | | | +» Rectifier: Bo leckonic device which cmverte sinusoidal ac ie signal into a pweating ac eiqnal ts called rectifien. In vregulacke A Ac pacer supply, it is used tp cmvert Ac signal to DC signa: Vv iq: Rectifier cutpt waveform ® Filter Circuit - There are come ripplesor AC Components awa ladle in De peeee cignal-To yemove those répples pnd cdi make the signal pure DCrA filter circuit ts used: Vv > —— t Hg: Filte. Girewt Oubput roanreforyn A volt age wator 1s the last and most Sen portan\ blocke af 7 ated de pacer supply because a Voltage requiader actually does the regulation. N —_~ >t Fig. voltage reguladtor oudput warefermnsSea. Skelch the gudput warvederm Ae on gwen OTOL errr: } f _ Silicon diede- ] Ba. De ine 1 wated ana unreguloded pone cup plies, oF le examples: Fequlated Romer. Supply Ten Unrequlaked ponese supply] ulated Fave, ou Crreguloted pores. apply | Rewated Raven suppl: ~ |) Chere wn eS e | | prov ee Oy tne eas ee ee 2 d \oad voltage + voltage. | | input an 44 > tUn cappty | Regulated Foes, Suppl ® Unveguiated Poner =P fly [esa ree wares) pro Cee ON weritgcte (voltage Srrespective of the | cudkput | ch a es rae Taput | ae |vottage or Feequency. | vas Regated Poe. Suppliez > Unvegulated proesx supple lave used for all applicat? are used in the appice j ations ahere good thok vequirres am exack Gequlaen er hee pele jameunt of cuctpud voleege:) | ta not vequired. voltage hich, es abl’ Hzload | __ ._. : [Regulated Posen Supplies |H> Unreawated poser ne in televiziomg, | Supplies ave wedar mobile. chapert, computes, LED larnps, x medical an meas wrereril parriptiens De weve ‘ | TN} oh devices: | | used $e cont Bg for non critical Measma Briage Full Wave rectifier, bridge full wave rectifier consizt: Ff four diodes D1,D2 ,D3 and D4. These foun diodes are anramged m such a way thahenly bot ditdes condi currents duving each haf cye eA load resister ®, ‘e connected Wehoeem too te&minals as chown iw aque ig. Bridge full ware 48 4c fa _ Operations: i> Pov positive half cyde: > During positive had. cle of input ac stgral ne tenninal A becemes positive and that af B Lecsmes weyatve - The Mods D4 and Dz becomes fonoard bias anAdbehar as Short circutdohile the véemaining diodes Do anADY becomes reversed bias and beaver as open COcuIey as Shaan in Figure A / oc D4 oa ine | pe ON Ac Ui/p) “yw » | ic off 1 | % - en ' 3 \ <—Pc(o/p)—>ome BAO ee T>Per_ negative half cyde! ao signal the teeming During negative half « deed inp - comes postive. A betme negative ws ile terminal © oo - biased and Te chedes D,~ and Dy becomest ard di odes ; o ni behaves OL chert druuted while “Ye remai ‘hee os DaaNd Dy beames reversed biased an fpen ciated ay shaon in figures Thas ati diodes D1,D2 102 4D4 conduct aurrent thro dead yen2*e7 BL and the vaultantd cutput voavefom is hoo bdlas- Min Lie aoe and CulPak Loar e term. ¥G- i erWRCc SF ompou e fi Farameters No 4 diodes ul Ware and half wawe Haul _Wave Re cifen 4 mech fren: Full wave vectifies, {>For center tapped: 2 > For Bridge 24 Peak Tnvevse| Vm pe Center tapped: 2Vn voltage > For Bridge + 2Vm [Maximum | 0.6 7 b For certter lapped: 84-24 efficiency 45 Por eridg e: K1-2% [Ripple factoy | 4-24 «DS Bor Center tapped : o4e > Por Brida et plies form facto 4:59 [>For center tapped sditt Dfor Bridge + 414 Peak factor 2 f> For center tapped : 1-41 [PP Fer Bridge: 4.44 dl ] Transfrmer t* 6.9865 For Comter tapped; 0-692 Utilization P? Por Bridge i oetLo factor Ou put ft F> fov pe tapped: of frequeny I> For Bri age: of 7