10-0 mÌs”;

10-1 izLrkouk
10-2 C;kt dh ladYiuk vkSj mldk vFkZ
10-3 lk/kkj.k C;kt
10-4 pØo`f) C;kt
10-5 pØo`f) C;kt nj dh fof”k’V fLFkr;k¡
10-6 lkjka”k
10-7 'kCnkoyh
10-8 cks/k iz”uksa ds mÙkj
10-9 Loij[k iz”u
10-10 lanHkZ iqLrdsa
ifjf'k"V lkjf.k;k¡

bl bdkbZ dk v/;;u djus ds ckn]

• C;kt dh ladYiuk dks le> ik,¡sxs(
• Lkk/kkj.k C;kt dks ifjHkkf’kr dj ik,¡xs rFkk lk/kkj.k C;kt dks ifjdfyr
dj ik,¡sxs(
• pØo`f) C;kt dks ifjHkkf’kr dj ik,¡sxs rFkk pØo`f) C;kt dks ifjdfyr
dj ik,¡sxs(
• larr la;ksft ifjdyu dj ik,¡sxs( rFkk
• cnyrh gqbZ pØo`f) C;kt njksa dk ifjdyu dj ik,¡sxsA

bl bdkbZ eas] ge fofHkUu izdkj dh C;kt njksa ds ckjs esa v/;;u djsaxs rFkk C;kt
dks ifjdfyr djus dh fof/k;ksa dk v/;;u djsaxsA bl mÌs”; ds fy,] ge lk/kkj.k
C;kt vkSj pØo`f) C;kt dh ladYiukvksa ij muds vfHkdyuksa ds lkFk ppkZ djsaxsA

/kujkf”k dks ,d laLFkk }kjk nwljh laLFkk dks m/kkj fn;k tk ldrk gS ;k ,d
laLFkk }kjk nwljh laLFkk ls m/kkj fy;k tk ldrk gSA fdlh /kujkf”k dk fdlh
fo”ks’k le; dky rd mi;ksx djus ds fy, Hkqxrku fd;k x;k ewY; C;kt
(Interest) dgykrk gSA bls m/kkj ysus okys ds fy, O;; rFkk m/kkj nsus okys ds
199
 fy, vk; ekuk tkrk gSA m/kkj yh xbZ ;k m/kkj nh xbZ jkf”k ewy/ku (principal)
dgykrh gSA C;kt okf’kZd] v/kZokf’kZd] =Sekfld ;k ekfld ns; gks ldrk gSA
C;kt dh /[Link] /kujkf”k ds le; ds vuqlkj ewY;] vFkkZr~ le; ewY; (time
value) ij vk/kkfjr gSA bldk vFkZ gS fd orZeku le;&fcanq ij miyC/k /kujkf”k
dk Hkfo’; le;&fcnq Ikj miyC/k mruh gh /kujkf”k dh rqyuk esa vf/kd ewY; gSA
vkt dk ,d #i;k dy ds ,d #i, ds cjkcj ugha gSA vr%] okLro esa C;kt og
/kujkf”k gS tks m/kkj yh xbZ jkf”k ds fy, m/kkj nsus okys dks eqvkots ds :Ik esa
blfy, nh tkrh gS fd mls ml /kujkf”k dks mi;ksx djus dk volj ugha feyk
rFkk blfy, Hkh fd mlus /ku m/kkj nsus esa fofHkUu tksf[keksa] tSLks /kujkf”k okfil
ugha feyus dk tksf[ke] dks lgu djus dk iz;kl fd;kA

Lkk/kkj.k C;kt (simple interest) og C;kt gS tks m/kkj yh xbZ izkjfHkad /kujkf”k
ij ifjdfyr fd;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj] vfHkdyu dh [Link] vof/k esa] C;kt
ewYk/ku ij gh ifjdfyr fd;k tkrk gSA C;kt dh njsa izk;% izfr”kr ds :Ik eas
O;Dr dh tkrh gSaA

= × ×
I = P × r× t
I= C;kt] og /kujkf”k tks vki m/kkj ysus ds fy, nsrs gSa ;k og /kujkf”k tks vki
viuh tek jkf”k ij vftZr djrs gSaA
P = ewy/ku] tks izkajfHkd /kujkf”k gSA
t = le; dky ftlds fy, /kujkf”k m/kkj yh xbZ gS @tek dh xbZ gSA
r = C;kt dh nj] tks m/kkj ysus ds fy, nh tkrh gS ;k /kujkf”k tek djus ds
fy, vftZRk dh tkrh gS rFkk tks izfr”kr ds :i esa izk;% O;Dr dh tkrh gSA
(amount)

feJ/ku (A) = P + I
= P + (P × r × t), vFkkZr~ P (1 + rt)
[feJ/ku og jkf”k gS] tks le; vof/k ds var esa ns; gksrh gSA]
,d ubZ dkj [kjhnus ds fy,] jes”k us 3 o’kZ ds fy, 5]00]000( 8%
okf’kZd lk/kkj.k C;kt dh nj ls m/kkj fy,A og fdruk C;kt vnk djsxk ?

;gk¡, P = 5,00,000, r = 8/100=0.08, t = 3 o’kZ, I =? gSA

Lkw= � = � × � × � dk mi;ksx djus ij]
Lkk/kkj.k C;kt (I) = 500000 × 0.08 × 3

200 = `1,20,000
vr%] jes”k dkj _.k (loan) ds fy, `120000 C;kt ds :i esa nsxkA
vkfnR; us 150000 fdlh cSad esa 9-8% okf’kZd C;kt dh nj ij tek
djk,A mldks 5 o’kZ ds ckn feyus okyk C;kt Kkr dhft,A lkFk gh] og feJ/ku
Hkh Kkr dhft, tks mls feysxkA
;gk¡, ,P = 1,50,000, r = 0.098, t = 5, I=?, A =? gSA
D;ksafd I=P×r×t gS] blfy,
I= 150000 × 0.098 × 5 = `73,500 gSA

vr%] vkfnR; dks C;kt ds :Ik esa `73500 gSA

feJ/ku = P + I
;k A= 150000 + 73500 = `2,23,500.
vr%] vkfnR; dks `73]500 # C;kt ds :Ik esa rFkk `223500 feJ/ku ds :Ik esa
feysaxsA
uksV% ge feJ/ku dks lw= A = P (1+ rt) ds mi;ksx ls Hkh ifjdfyr dj ldrs
gSA
A = 150000 [1 + (0.098×5)]

;k, A = `2,23,500

fgeka”kh jek dks `45000 m/kkj nsrh gSA og le; Kkr dhft, ftlesa
bldk C;kt 11% okf’kZd lk/kkj.k C;kt dh nj `9900 gks tk,xkA
;gk¡, I = 9900,P = 45000,r = 0.11,t =? gSA
I= P×r×t ls ge izkIr djrs gaS%

t = I/Pr

;k, t = 9900/ (45000) (0.11)

= 2 o’kZ

fdrus o’kks± esas dksbZ /kujkf”k 5% okf’kZd lk/kkj.k C;kt dh nj ls

Lo;a dh nqxquh gks tk,xh ?
=2×

r = 0.05 fn;k gSA t= ? gSA

A = P + P×r×t ls]

A = P (1 + rt)

iz”u ds vuqlkj 2P = P [1 + t(0.05)]

;k, 2 = 1 + t (0.05)
;k, t = 1/0.05
201
 ;k, t =20 gSA
vr%] dksbZ /kujkf”k 5% okf’kZd lk/kkj.k C;kt dh nj ls 20 o’kksZa esa Lo;a dh nqxquh
gks tk,xhA
`1]20]000 dh ,d /kujkf”k 2 o’kkasZ ds fy, lk/kkj.k C;kt ij m/kkj
nh xbZ gSA lkgwdkj (lender) dks dqy feykdj `153600 izkIr gq,A C;kt dh nj
izfr o’kZ (p.a.) Kkr dhft,A
;gk¡ ,P = 120000,A = 153600,t= 2,r=? gSA
A = P (1 + rt) gSA

vFkkZr~ 153600=120000 (1 +2r)

;k, 153600 = 120000 + 240000 r
;k, 240000r = 153600 – 120000
;k, r=33600/240000
;k, r= 0.14 vFkkZr~ 14% gSA
vr%] ok¡fNr C;kt dh nj 14% p.a. gSA
og ewy/ku Kkr dhft,] ftl ij 20 o’kksZ esa 5% lk/kkj.k C;kt dh
nj ls 500-50 #- C;kt izkIr gksxkA
gy% ;gk¡ I= 500.50,t = 2, r = 0.05,P =? gSA
I = P×r×t ls ge izkIr djrs gaS%

I = 500.50

500.50 = P × 0.05 × 2

;k, 500.50 = 0.10P

;k, P = 5005 gSA
vr%] ok¡fNr ewYk/ku ₹ 5005 gSA
fdrus le; eas 17000#- dh /kujkf”k 10% okf’kZd lk/kkj.k C;kt dh
nj ls 22100 #- gks tk,xh ?

P = 17000, A = 22100,r = 0.10,t =? gSA

vr%] 22100 = 17000 [1+ t (0.10)]

22100 = 17000 + 1700 t

;k,1700 t = 5100
����
;k,t =���� = 3 o’kZ gSA
202
1- C;kt dk Hkqxrku D;ksa fd;k tkrk gS \
�
2- `10000 ij 5� % okf’kZd lk/kkj.k C;kt dh nj ls `2200 C;kt izkIr
djus esa fdruk le; yxsxk \
3- dksbZ /kujkf”k lk/kkj.k C;kt ij 3 o’kksZ esa `1120 rFkk 5 o’kksZ esa `1200 gks
tkrh gSA ewYk/ku rFkk okf’kZd C;kt dh nj Kkr dhft,A

,d vU; izdkj dk C;kt pØo``f) C;kt (compound interest) gksrk gSA pØo`f)
C;kt u dsoy izkjafHkd ewy/ku ij ifjdfyr fd;k tkrk gS] cfYd fiNyh vof/k;ksa
esa gq, lafpr C;kt ij Hkh ifjdfyr fd;k tkrk gSA nwljs “kCnksa esa] pØo`f) C;kt]
C;kt vkSj ewy/ku nksuksa ij ifjdfyr fd;k tkrk gSA blhfy,] pØo`f) C;kt dh
dHkh&dHkh *C;kt ij C;kt* ds :i esa Hkh O;k[;k dh tkrh gSA
[Link]] ;fn `5000 dh /kujkf”k 5% okf’kZd C;kt dh nj ls 1 o’kZ ds var esa
fEkJ/ku `5000 $ `250 gksxkA 1o’kZ ds var esa feJ/ku `5000 $ `250 = `5250
gS ;fn ;g jkf”k 5% okf’kZd C;kt ij ,d vU; o’kZ ds fy, m/kkj nh tkrh gS] rks
C;kt dks izkjafHkd `5000 ds LFkku ij `5,250 ij ifjdyr fd;k tk,xkA vr%]
nwljs o’kZ ds var eas feJ/ku `5,250 + (5250 × 0.05 × 1)= `5250 + `262.5 = `
5512.5. gksxkA /;ku nhft, dh lk/kkj.k C;kt ls dqy feJ/ku 5000 + (5000 ×
0.05 × 2) = 5,000+ 500 = `5,500 izkIr gksxkA vfrfjDr /kujkf”k `12-50 igys o’kZ
ds C;kt `250 ij 5% okf’kZd ls ,d o’kZ dk C;kt gSA

;g la;ksftr fEkJ/ku (compound amount) rFkk izkjfHkd ewYk/ku

dk varj gksrk gSA
nks Øekxr le;&fcanqvks ds chp dh vof/k ftu ij C;kt
la;ksftr fd;k tkrk gSA
vafre vof/k ds var esa ns; dqy jkf”kA
;g lwfpr djrk gS fd ,d o’kZ esa C;kt fdruh
ckj la;ksftr (compound) fd;k tkrk gSA

� = � (� + �)� ,

tgk¡ i = r/k =
C; kt dh nj
izfr o" kZ la; kstu vof/k; ksa dh la[; k

rFkk n = k×t ¼ = izfro’kZ la;kstu vof/k;ksa dh la[;k ×o’kkasZ dh la[;k½ gSA

203
 A: t vof/k;ksa ds var esa feJ/ku

P: ewYk/ku] tks izkajfHkd /ku jkf”k gSA

r: okf’kZd C;kt dh nj

k: izfr o’kZ la;kstu vof/k;ksa dh la[;k

t: le; o’kksZ esa

n: la;kstu :ikarj.k vof/k;ksa dh dqy la[;k

i: izfr o’kZ la;kstu vof/k C;kt dh nj

[Link]] ;fn okf’kZd C;kt dh nj 10% gS rFkk C;kt =Sekfld la;ksftr gksrk
gS] rks ,d o’kZ esa 4 :ikarj.k vof/k;k¡ ¼la;ksftr vof/k;k¡½ gSaA
�.��
bl izdkj] i = = 0.025 gSA ;fn okf’kZd C;kt dh nj 24% gS rFkk C;kt
�
ekfld la;ksftr gksrk gS] rks ,d o’kZ esa 12 :ikarj.k ¼l;akt
s u½ vof/k;k¡
�.��
(conversion periods) gaSA vr%] i = = 0.02 gSA
��

uksV% (1 + i)n dk eku pØOk`f) C;kt [Link] dk mi;ksx djds Kkr fd;k tk
ldrk gSA

pØOk`f) C;kt dks okf’kZd] v/kZokf’kZd] =Sekfld] ekfld lrr :Ik (continuously)
ls ifjdfyr fd;k tk ldrk gSA fofHkUu fLFkfr;ksa ds fy, lw= uhps fn, x, gSA

okf’kZd A = P (1+i)n , tgk¡ i = r vkSj n = t gSA

v/kZokf’kZd A = P (1+i)n , tgk¡ i= r/2 vkSj n = 2t gSA
=Sekfld A = P (1+i )n, tgk¡ i = r/4 vkSj n = 4t gSA
ekfld A = P (1+i)n, tgk¡ i= r/12 vkSj n = 12t gSA

pØOk`f) C;kt ¼lHkh fLFkfr;ksa esa½ I = A–P gSA

dksbZ cSad 8% okf’kZd C;kt dh nj ls pØOk`f) C;kt nsrk gSA ;ksxh
us bl cSad esa 4 o’kZ ds fy, `5000 # tek fd,A ;ksxh }kjk izkIr fd, tkus okyk
C;kt Kkr dhft,A

;gk¡ P = 5000, n = 4, i = 0.05, A =? gSA

gesa izkIr gS% A = P (1 + i)n

vr%] A = 5000 (1+ 0.05)4
;k] A = 5000 (1.215506) (pØOk`f) C;kt [Link] ds mi;ksx ls)

;k] A = `6077.53.
204
vr%] I= 6077.53 - 5000
;k] I= `1077.53
vFkkZr~ ;ksxh dks cSad ls `1077-53 C;kt ds :Ik esa feyasxsaA
Eksgd us fdlh foÙkh; [kkrs esa `50]000 tek fd,] tks 8% okf’kZd
C;kt nsrk gS] tc fd C;kt okf’kZd la;ksftr gksrk gSA mlds foÙkh; [kkrs esa 10
o’kZ ckn fdruh jkf”k gksxh ?
;gk¡
;gk¡, P = 50000, i = 0.08, t = 10, A =? gSA
D;ksafd A = P (1 + i)n gS] blfy,
A = 50000 (1 + 0.08)10

;k] A = 50000 (2.158925) (pØOk`f) C;kt [Link] ds mi;ksx ls)

;k] A = 1,07,946.25
egd dks foÙkh; [kkrs esa 10 o’kZ ckn `107946.25 gksaxAs
` 8000 ij 5 o’kZ ds fy, 6% okf’kZd C;kt dh nj ls pØo`f)
C;kt Kkr dhft,] tcfd C;kt la;ksftr gksrk gS%
(i½ v/kZokf’kZd ¼ii½ ekfld

;gk¡, P = 8000, t = 5, r = 0.06, A =? gSA

A = P (1 + r/k)kt gksrk gSA

i) A = 8000(1+0.06/2)2×5

;k] A = 8000(1+ 0.03)10

;k] A = 8000 (1.343916) (pØOk`f) C;kt [Link] ds mi;ksx ls)

;k] `10751.33

ge izkIr djrs gS I= 10751.33 – 8000

;k] I= ` 751.33
ii) A = 8000(1+0.06/12)12×5

vFkkZr~ A = 8000(1+ 0.005)60

;k] A =8000 (1.348850) (pØOk`f) C;kt [Link] ds mi;ksx ls)

;k] A = `10790.80 gSA

;k] I = 10790.8 – 8000

;k] I = `2790.80 gSA

205
 mnkgj.k 11% ;fn `86400 dh /kujkf”k dks 8% okf’kZd C;kt dh nj ij fuosf”kr
fd;k tkrk gS] tcfd C;kt =Sekfld la;ksftr gksrk gS] rks ml jkf”k dks ` 206500
ds :Ik esa lafpr gksus esas fdruk le; yxsxkA

;gk¡] P = 86,400,r = 0.08,A = 2,06,500.60, t =? gSA

D;ksafd A = P (1 + r/k)kt gksrk gS] blfy,
206500.60 = 86400 (1 + 0.08/4)n gSA

;k] 206500.60/86400 =(1.02)n

;k] (1.02)n=2.39005 gSA
;k] nlog (1.02) = log 2.390056
;k] n(0.0086) = 0.378408
;k] n = 0.378408/0.0086
= 44 frekgh ;k 11 o’kZ

vr%] ok¡fNr le; 11 o’kZ gSA

;fn C;kt 6% okf’kZd dh nj ls izfr o’kZ la;ksftr gksrk gS] rks
fdlh ewYk/ku ds nqxqus gksus esa fdruk le; yxsxk ?

;gk¡ P = P, A = 2P, r = 0.06, n =? gSA

D;ksafd A = P (1 +r)n, blfy,
2P = P(1 +0.06)n gSA

;k] 2 = (1.06)n
;k] log 2 = nlog 1.06
;k] n = log 2/ log 1.06 = 0.3010/0.0253 gSA
;k] n = 11.9 o’kZ yxHkx gSA
d`’.kk }kjk dksbZ /kujkf”k pØo`f) C;kt ij tek dh xbZ] tcfd
C;kt izfr o’kZ la;ksftr gksrk gSA 2 o’kkasZ ds var esa feJ/ku `5000 gS rFkk 3 o’kkasZ
ds var esa ;g `5200 gS tek dh xbZ jkf”k rFkk C;kt dh nj Kkr dhft,A

;gk¡ A(1) =5000, n = 2 vkSj A(2) = 5200, n = 3, P = ?, r = ?

vc] A = P (1 + r)n gSA

vr%] 5000= P (1 + r)2 … lehdj.k (i)

206
vkSj 5200= P(1 + r)3 … lehdj.k (ii)

(ii) ls (i) Hkkx nsus ij]

5200/5000 = P(1 + r)3/ P (1 + r)2

;k, (1 + r) = 5200/5000
;k] r = 5200/5000 – 1 gSA
;k] r = 1.04 – 1 = 0.04.
vFkkZr~] ok¡fNr C;kt dh nj 4% gSA
vc lehdj.k (i) ls P = 5000/ (1 + 0.04)2
;k] P = 5000/(1.04)2
;k] log P = log5000 – 2log(1.04)
= 3.69897 – 2 (0.170) = 3.69897 – .0340 = 3.66497

;k] P = antilog (3.66497)

= `4,623 (yxHkx½ gSA

fo|k ds cpr [kkrsa esa bl le; `2654-39 dh /kujkf”k gSA okf’kZd

C;kt dh nj 3% gS] tcfd C;kt izfr ekl la;ksftr gksrk gSA nks o’kZ igys mlds
}kjk tek djk;k x;k izkjafHkd ewy/ku Kkr dhft,A

;gk¡] A= 2654.39, r = 3%, t=2, P =?

D;ksafd i= 3%/12 = 0.0025 gS rFkk n = 2×12 = 24 gS, blfy,

A = P (1+i)n ls ge izkIr djrs gS%

2654.39 = P (1 + 0.0025)24

;k] 2654.39 = P (1.061757) (pØOk`f) C;kt [Link] ds mi;ksx ls)

;k] P = 2654.39/1.061757
;k] P = `2500

fiNys vuqPNsn esa] geus fofHkUu fLFkfr;ksa dh ppkZ dh Fkh] tgk¡ C;kt ekfld]
=Sekfld] v/kZokf’kZd la;kftr gksrk FkkA ijarq ;fn C;kt izfr fnu ;k izfr ?kaVs
la;ksftr gks] rks D;k gksxk\ tc :ikarj.k vof/k cgqr gks tkrh gS] rc izfr o’kZ
:ikarj.k ¼la;kstu½ vof/k;ksa dh la[;k lrr la;kstu ¼:ikarj.k½ (continuous
compounding) dh fLFkfr dgykrh gSA ,slh fLFkfr;ksa esa C;kt dks ifjdfyr djds
207
 ewYk/ku esa izR;sd vfr lw{e le; vof/k] tSls izfr ?kaVk ;k izfr feuV ds ckn
tksM+k tkrk gSA

A = Pert

A = t vof/k;ksa ds ckn fEkJ/ku

P = ewy/ku] tks izkjafHkd /kujkf”k gksrh gS

r = Okkf’kZd C;kt dh nj

t = le; dky o’kksZ esa

geus mu fLFkfr;ksa dh ppkZ dh gS] tc C;kt dh nj [Link] le; vof/k ds fy,

vpj jgrh gSA ijarq okLrfod thou esa C;kt nj le;≤ ij cny Hkh ldrh
gSA [Link]] jf”e viuh ,d lgsyh dks 2 o’kZ ds fy, 5% okf’kZd C;kt dh
nj ij dqN /kujkf”k m/kkj nsrh gSA mldh lgsyh 2 o’kZ ckn og /kujkf”k ugha
pqdk ikrh gSA jf”e _.k dh vof/k dks 2 vkSj o’kkasZ ds fy, c<+k nsrh gS] ijarq vc
C;kt dh nj 7% okf’kZd gSA vr%] vc mldks vafre izkIr gksus okyk fEkJ/ku
izkjafHkd ewy/ku rFkk (1 + i)n ;k ert ¼izR;sd [Link] ds fy, i vkSj n ;k r vkSj t ds
mfpr ekuksa ds lkFk½ ds nks [Link] ds [Link] ds cjkcj gksxkA
;fn dksbZ O;kikjh ₹ 50000 dh /kujkf”k 5% okf’kZd C;kt dh nj
ij fuosf”kr djrk gS] tc C;kt lrr :i ls la;ksftr gksrk gS] rks ifjdfyr
dhft, fd 5 o’kksZa ckn mlds [kkrs esa fdruh /kujkf”k gksxhA

;gk¡ P = 50000, r = 0.05, t = 5, A =? gSA

D;ksafd A = Pert gS] blfy, ge izkIr djrs gSa%
A = 50000 e(0.05×5)

;k] A = 50000 (1.2840)

;k] A = `64,200.
fdlh /kujkf”k ij 3% okf’kZd C;kt dh nj ls 8 o’kksZa ds lk/kkj.k
vkSj pØo`f) [kkrksa dk varj `267.70 gSA og ewy/ku jkf”k Kkr dhft,A

;gk¡ , r = 0.03,t = 8, C.I.& S.I. = `267.70 gSA

eku yhft, fd ewy/ku ‘x’ gSA
` x ij 3% of’kZd dh nj ls 8 o’kZ dk lk/kkj.k C;kt

= x × 8 × 0.03 = 0.24x gSA

208
[PkØo`f) C;kt = x (1+ 0.03)8 & x ]=(1.03)8 x = 1.266770 x& x
iz”u ds vuqlkj 0.266770 x & 0.24 x = 267.70 gSA
vr%] 0-0266 x = 267-70 gSA
���.��
;k] x = gSA
�.����

;k] `10000 gSA

og /kujkf”k Kkr dhft,] tks 2% okf’kZd pØo`f) C;kt dh nj ls
9 o’kksZa esa ` 16000 gks tk,xh] tcfd C;kt v/kZof’kZd la;ksftr gksrk gSA

;gk¡, A =16000, t = 9, r = 0.02, P =? gSA

vr%] i = 0.02/2 = 0.01 vkSj
n = 2 × 9 = 18 gSA
A = P (1 + i)n ls ge 16000 = P (1 + 0.01)18 izkIr djrs gSaA
;k] P = 16000/(1.01)18
;k] P = 16000/ 1.19614748
vFkkZr~ P = `13376.28 gSA
;fn C;kt 5% okf’kZd dh nj ls lrr :i ls la;ksftr gksrk gS] rks
dksbZ ewy/ku fdrus le; esa Lo;a dk nqxquk gks tk,xk \

;gk¡ P = P,A = 2P, r = 0.05, t =? gSA

D;ksafd A = Pert gS] blfy,
2P = P e0.05t gSA
;k, e0.05t= 2 gSA
0.05 t log e = 2 gSA
;k] 0.05 (0.4343)t = 0.301 (D;ksafd log e =0.4343 gSA)
;k] t = 0.301/0.021715
;k] t = 13.86 o’kZ = 14 o’kZ ¼yxHkx½ gSA
;fn C;kt lrr :i ls la;ksftr gksrk gS] rks fdl okf’kZd C;kt dh
nj ij ` 3000 dk 25 o’kZ esa feJ/ku `300000 gks tk,xk \

;gk¡ P = 3,000,A = 300000, t = 25, r =? gSA

D;ksafd A = Pert gS] blfy, gesa izkIr gS%
300000 = 3000 e25r ges izkIr gSA
;k] e25r=300000/3000 = 100
;k] 25 r log e = log 100
;k] 25 r (0.4343) log2(log e =0.4343 gS) 209
 ;k] r = 2/10.8575
;k] r = 0.1842044
;k] r = 18.42 % ¼yxHkx½ gSA
Jh vjfoan us ,d CkSad ds cpr [kkrs esa 3 o’kZ ds fy, `20]000 tek
fd,A cSad igys o’kZ esa 6% okf’kZd dh nj ls v/kZokf’kZd la;ksftr C;kt nsrk gS]
nwljs o’kZ esa 12% okf’kZd dh nj ls =Sekfld la;ksftr C;kt nsrk gSA rFkk rhljs
o’kZ eas 13% okf’kZd dh nj ls lrr~ la;ksftr C;kt nsrk gSa bl cSad [kkrs esa 3 o’kkasZ
ckn feJ/ku Kkr dhft,A

;gk¡, P =20000, A=? gSA

3 o’kksZa ds ckn feJ/ku = 20000 (1 + 0.06/2)2 (1 + 0.12/4)4(e0.13) gSA

vr%] A = 20000 (1.03)2 (1.03)4 (e0.13)

;k] A = 20000 (1.03)6 (e0.13)

;k] A = 20000 (1.19405) (1.13882) ( ex eku [Link] ds mi;ksx ls)
;k] A = `27196.16. gSA

1- fjDr LFkkuksa dks Hkfj,%

i½ nks Øekxr le; fcnaqvkas] ftu ij C;kt ifjdfyr fd;k tkrk gS] ds
chp dh le; vof/k ---------------- dgykrh gSA ¼la;kstu dh ckjackjrk@
la;kstu vof/k½
ii½ tc izfr o’kZ la;kstuks dh la[;k esa vifjfer :i ls cM+h o`f) gskrh
gS] rc ;g fLFkfr ------------- dh gksrh gSA ¼lrr la;kstu @ cnyrh gqbZ
njksa ij la;kstu½
iii½ lafpr C;kt ij C;kt ----------------- dgykrk gS ¼lk/kkj.k C;kt @
pØo``f) C;kt½A
2- fuEufyf[kr fLFkfr;ksa esa pØo`f) feJ/ku Kkr dhft,%
i½ 10% okf’kZd dh nj ij `1000 ik¡p o’kksZ ds fy, tek fd, x,A
ii½ 6% okf’kZd dh nj ij 4 o’kkasZ ds fy, `2000 tek fd, x,] tcfd
C;kt =Sekfld la;ksftr gksrk gS( rFkk
iii½ 5% okf’kZd dh nj ij 8 o’kkasZ ds fy, `1800 tek fd, x,] tcfd
C;kt v/kZokf’kZd la;ksftRk gksrk gSA
3- nhid us vius cSad [kkrs esa 5 o’kksZa ds fy, 12% okf’kZd lk/kkj.k C;kt dh nj
ij `100 tek fd,A ;fn ;gh jkf”k brus gh o’kksZa ds fy, 10% okf’kZd
pØo`f) C;kt ij tek djkbZ xbZ gksrh] rks mls fdruk C;kt vf/kd izkIr
gksrk ?
210
4- fdrus le; esa `1000 dh /kujkf”k `5000 gks tk,xh] ;fn bl jfk”k dks
7% okf’kZd C;kt dh nj ij fuos”k fd;k tkrk gS] tcfd C;kt lrr :Ik
ls la;ksftr gksrk gS ?

bl bdkbZ esa] C;kt dh nks ewYkHkwr ladYiukvksa lk/kkj.k C;kt vkSj pØo`f) C;kt
dh ppkZ dh xbZ gSA ,d lgt /[Link] fd ;g m/kkj nsus okys dks m/kkj ysus okys
}kjk fd;k gqvk Hkqxrku gS] ;g izsf{kr fd;k x;k gS fd izkajfHkd fuos”k rFkk Hkfo’;
ds le; fcanq ij lafpr gqbZ jkf”k dk varj bl C;kt dh jkf”k dks n”kkZ,xkA tgk¡
lk/kkj.k C;kt dsoy izkja fHkd ewy/ku ij fn;k tkrk gSA ¼lafpr C;kt ij ugha½]
ogha pØo`f) C;kt dh fLFkfr esa ;g ifjdyu u dsoy ewYk/ku ij gksrk gS] vfirq
fiNyh vof/k;ksa esa gq, lafpr C;ktks ij Hkh gksrk gSA la;kstu dh nks fof”k’V
fLFkfr;ksa&lrr la;kstu vkSj cnyrh gqbZ njksa ij la;kstu dks Li’V fd;k x;k gSA

;g ewy/ku rFkk lkFk gh ns; C;kt ij Hkh fy;k tkrk gSA

;g ewy/ku ij C;kt gS] tks lrr :i ls
la;ksftr gksrk jgrk gS] ftlls ge la;kstu vof/k;ksa dh ,d vuar la[;k rd
igq¡p tkrs gSaA
;g mi;ksx dh xbZ /kujkf”k ds fy, ,d Hkqxrku gksrk gSA ;g m/kkj yh
xbZ /kujkf”k ij fn;k tkrk gSA rFkk m/kkj nh xbZ /kujkf”k ij fy;k tkrk gSA
og dsoy ewy/ku ij fy;k tkus okyk C;kt gksrk gSA
orZeku le; esa miyC/k /kujkf”k dk Hkfo’; esa
miyC/k bruh gh /kujkf”k dh rqyuk esa vf/kd ewY; gSA

vkidh v/;;u lkexzh esa fofHkUu lw=ksa dks fy[kus esa iz;qDr izrhdksa dk c`gr :i
ls mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA uhps nh lwph esa fofHkUUk “kCnksa ds varxZr izFke izrhd
gSaA vusd ikB; iqLrdksas us buls fHkUu izrhd fn, gSaA lkekU;r% vf/kdrj :i ls
mi;ksx tkus okys izrhd Hkh bl lwph esa fn, x, gSaA tc Hkh vki dksbZ iqLrd i<a+s]
rc ;g [Link] gS fd vki fofHkUu izrhdksa ds vFkZ dks Li’V :i ls le>sa] tks
ml iqLrd esa fn, x, gSaA fofHkUu lw+=ksa ds fy[kus ds fy,] vki ftu izrhdksa ds
lewg dk mi;ksx djuk pkgsa dj ldrs gSaA ijarq ,slk djus ls igys muds vFkZ dks
Li’V djuk vko”;d vkSj ok¡Nuh; gSA

t vof/k;ksa ds ckn feJ/ku A, S, An

Okf’kZd C;kt dh nj r, i

C;kt I

izfr la;kstu vof/k C;kt dh nj i

211
 izfr o’kZ la;kstu vof/k;ksa dh la[;k k, m

ewy/ku tks izkjafHkd /kujkf”k gksrh gS P, A0

o’kksaZ esa le; dky% t

la;kstu ¼:ikarj.k½ vof/k;ksa dh la[;k n

¼d½
1- m/kkj nsus okys ¼lkgwdkj½ dh /kujkf”k ds mi;ksx djus ds fy, “kqYd
2- 4 o’kZ
3. `1000] 4% okf’kZd
¼[k½
1- ¼i½ l;kastu vof/k ¼ii½ lrr la;kstu ¼iii½ pØo`f) C;kt
2- ¼i½ `1610-50 ¼ii½ 2537-97 ¼iii½ `2672-10
3- `162
4- 23 o’kZ ¼yxHkx½

1- [Link] dh lgk;rk ls lk/kkj.k vkSj pØo`f) C;ktksa eas vraj crkb,A

2- lrr l;kstau D;k gksrk gS ? ,d mnkgj.k dh lgk;rk ls Li’V dhft,A
3- 8 ekl ds fy, m/kkj yh xbZ jkf”k `12000 ij lk/kkj.k C;kt Kkr dhft,A
lk/kkj.k C;kt dh okf’kZd nj 9% gSA
¼mÙkj% `720½
4- eksfudk us `5000 ds ,d _.k ij `675 C;kt dk Hkqxrku fd;kA C;kt dh
nj 9% okf’kZd lk/kkj.k C;kt FkhA _.k dk le; dky Kkr dhft,A
¼mÙkj% 1-5 o’kZ½
5- ;fn `700 dh /kujkf”k 15 o’kZ ds fy, 7% okf’kZd C;kt dh nj ij m/kkj
nh tk,] rks feJ/ku vkSj pØo`f) C;kt Kkr dhft,] tcfd v/kZof’kZd
la;ksftr fd;k tkrk gSA
¼mÙkj% `1964-76 mÙkj `1264-75½
6- Ekksgu vius cSad [kkrs esa `600 tek djkrk gSA og vius [kkrs esa `900
lafpr djuk pkgrk gSA Kkr dhft, fd 8% okf’kZd C;kt dh nj ij] bl
jkf”k dks lafpr djus esa fdruk le; yxsxk] tcfd C;kt =Sekfld
la;ksftr gksrk gSA

212 ¼mÙkj% 5-12 o’kZ½

7- ;fn rhu o’kksaZ ds fy, fuos”k fd;k tkrk gS] rks fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl
fuos”k ls vf/kdre feJ/ku izkIr gksxk \
d½ 6% okf’kZd dh nj ls `5000, C;kt okf’kZd la;ksftr(
[k½ 5% okf’kZd dh nj ls `5125, C;kt okf’kZd la;ksftr(
x½ 6-5% okf’kZd dh nj ls `4950, C;kt okf’kZd la;ksftr(
blfy,] fLFkfr ¼x½ eas vf/kdre feJ/ku gSA½
¼mÙkj% ¼d½ `5978-09] ¼[k½ `5954-40] ¼x½ `5979-35]½
8- ;fn C;kt dh okf’kZd nj 14% ekfld la;ksft gS] rks ,d ewYk/ku P Lo;a
dk nqxquk gksus esas fdruk le; ysxsxk \
¼mÙkj 4-98 o’kZ½
9- dksbZ cSad 5% okf’kZd C;kt lrr la;ksftr nsrk gSA 6 o’kksZ ds fy, ` 400
tek djk, x, gaSA 6 o’kkasZ ds ckn feJ/ku Kkr dhft,A
¼mÙkj% `5399-44½
bu ç'uksa }kjk vkidks bl bdkbZ dh iBu lkexzh dks le>us esa lgk;rk
feysxhA bu ç'uksa ds mÙkjksa dks ewY;kadu ds fy, fo'ofo|ky; Hkstus dh
vko';drk ugha gS D;ksafd ;s dsoy vkids vH;kl ,oa iqujko`fÙk ds fy, fn,
x, gSA

• Ayres, Frank Jr. Theory and Problems of Mathematics of Finance.

Schaum’s Outlines Series. McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New York,
1963.
• Mizrahi and Sullivan, John. Mathematics for Businesss and Social
Sciences. Wiley and Sons., New Jersey, 1987.
• Singh, J.K.,Business Mathematics. Himalaya Publishing House., New
Delhi,2010.
• Prasad, Bindra. and Mittal, P.K.,Fundamentals of Business Mathematics.
Har Anand Publications., New Delhi, 2007.

213
 n 0.25% 0.50% 0.75% 1.00% 1.25% 1.50% 2.00%
1 1.002500 1.005000 1.007500 1.010000 1.012500 1.015000 1.020000
2 1.005006 1.010025 1.015056 1.020100 1.025156 1.030225 1.040400
3 1.007519 1.015075 1.022669 1.030301 1.037971 1.045678 1.061208
4 1.010038 1.020151 1.030339 1.040604 1.050945 1.061364 1.082432
5 1.012563 1.025251 1.038067 1.051010 1.064082 1.077284 1.104081
6 1.015094 1.030378 1.045852 1.061520 1.077383 1.093443 1.126162
7 1.017632 1.035529 1.053696 1.072135 1.090850 1.109845 1.148686
8 1.020176 1.040707 1.061599 1.082857 1.104486 1.126493 1.171659
9 1.022726 1.045911 1.069561 1.093685 1.118292 1.143390 1.195093
10 1.025283 1.051140 1.077583 1.104622 1.132271 1.160541 1.218994
11 1.027846 1.056396 1.085664 1.115668 1.146424 1.177949 1.243374
12 1.030416 1.061678 1.093807 1.126825 1.160755 1.195618 1.268242
13 1.032992 1.066986 1.102010 1.138093 1.175264 1.213552 1.293607
14 1.035574 1.072321 1.110276 1.149474 1.189955 1.231756 1.319479
15 1.038163 1.077683 1.118603 1.160969 1.204829 1.250232 1.345868
16 1.040759 1.083071 1.126992 1.172579 1.219890 1.268986 1.372786
17 1.043361 1.088487 1.135445 1.184304 1.235138 1.288020 1.400241
18 1.045969 1.093929 1.143960 1.196147 1.250577 1.307341 1.428246
19 1.048584 1.099399 1.152540 1.208109 1.266210 1.326951 1.456811
20 1.051206 1.104896 1.161184 1.220190 1.282037 1.346855 1.485947
21 1.053834 1.110420 1.169893 1.232392 1.298063 1.367058 1.515666
22 1.056468 1.115972 1.178667 1.244716 1.314288 1.387564 1.545980
23 1.059109 1.121552 1.187507 1.257163 1.330717 1.408377 1.576899
24 1.061757 1.127160 1.196414 1.269735 1.347351 1.429503 1.608437
25 1.064411 1.132796 1.205387 1.282432 1.364193 1.450945 1.640606
26 1.067072 1.138460 1.214427 1.295256 1.381245 1.472710 1.673418
27 1.069740 1.144152 1.223535 1.308209 1.398511 1.494800 1.706886
28 1.072414 1.149873 1.232712 1.321291 1.415992 1.517222 1.741024
29 1.075096 1.155622 1.241957 1.334504 1.433692 1.539981 1.775845
30 1.077783 1.161400 1.251272 1.347849 1.451613 1.563080 1.811362
31 1.080478 1.167207 1.260656 1.361327 1.469759 1.586526 1.847589
32 1.083179 1.173043 1.270111 1.374941 1.488131 1.610324 1.884541
33 1.085887 1.178908 1.279637 1.388690 1.506732 1.634479 1.922231

214
34 1.088602 1.184803 1.289234 1.402577 1.525566 1.658996 1.960676
35 1.091323 1.190727 1.298904 1.416603 1.544636 1.683881 1.999890
36 1.094051 1.196681 1.308645 1.430769 1.563944 1.709140 2.039887
37 1.096787 1.202664 1.318460 1.445076 1.583493 1.734777 2.080685
38 1.099528 1.208677 1.328349 1.459527 1.603287 1.760798 2.122299
39 1.102277 1.214721 1.338311 1.474123 1.623328 1.787210 2.164745
40 1.105033 1.220794 1.348349 1.488864 1.643619 1.814018 2.208040
41 1.107796 1.226898 1.358461 1.503752 1.664165 1.841229 2.252200
42 1.110565 1.233033 1.368650 1.518790 1.684967 1.868847 2.297244
43 1.113341 1.239198 1.378915 1.533978 1.706029 1.896880 2.343189
44 1.116125 1.245394 1.389256 1.549318 1.727354 1.925333 2.390053
45 1.118915 1.251621 1.399676 1.564811 1.748946 1.954213 2.437854
46 1.121712 1.257879 1.410173 1.580459 1.770808 1.983526 2.486611
47 1.124517 1.264168 1.420750 1.596263 1.792943 2.013279 2.536344
48 1.127328 1.270489 1.431405 1.612226 1.815355 2.043478 2.587070
49 1.130146 1.276842 1.442141 1.628348 1.838047 2.074130 2.638812
50 1.132972 1.283226 1.452957 1.644632 1.861022 2.105242 2.691588
51 1.135804 1.289642 1.463854 1.661078 1.884285 2.136821 2.745420
52 1.138644 1.296090 1.474833 1.677689 1.907839 2.168873 2.800328
53 1.141490 1.302571 1.485894 1.694466 1.931687 2.201406 2.856335
54 1.144344 1.309083 1.497038 1.711410 1.955833 2.234428 2.913461
55 1.147205 1.315629 1.508266 1.728525 1.980281 2.267944 2.971731
56 1.150073 1.322207 1.519578 1.745810 2.005034 2.301963 3.031165
57 1.152948 1.328818 1.530975 1.763268 2.030097 2.336493 3.091789
58 1.155830 1.335462 1.542457 1.780901 2.055473 2.371540 3.153624
59 1.158720 1.342139 1.554026 1.798710 2.081167 2.407113 3.216697
60 1.161617 1.348850 1.565681 1.816697 2.107181 2.443220 3.281031
61 1.164521 1.355594 1.577424 1.834864 2.133521 2.479868 3.346651
62 1.167432 1.362372 1.589254 1.853212 2.160190 2.517066 3.413584
63 1.170351 1.369184 1.601174 1.871744 2.187193 2.554822 3.481856
64 1.173277 1.376030 1.613183 1.890462 2.214532 2.593144 3.551493
65 1.176210 1.382910 1.625281 1.909366 2.242214 2.632042 3.622523
66 1.179150 1.389825 1.637471 1.928460 2.270242 2.671522 3.694974
67 1.182098 1.396774 1.649752 1.947745 2.298620 2.711595 3.768873
68 1.185053 1.403758 1.662125 1.967222 2.327353 2.752269 3.844251

215
 69 1.188016 1.410777 1.674591 1.986894 2.356444 2.793553 3.921136
70 1.190986 1.417831 1.687151 2.006763 2.385900 2.835456 3.999558
71 1.193964 1.424920 1.699804 2.026831 2.415724 2.877988 4.079549
72 1.196948 1.432044 1.712553 2.047099 2.445920 2.921158 4.161140
73 1.199941 1.439204 1.725397 2.067570 2.476494 2.964975 4.244363
74 1.202941 1.446401 1.738337 2.088246 2.507450 3.009450 4.329250
75 1.205948 1.453633 1.751375 2.109128 2.538794 3.054592 4.415835
76 1.208963 1.460901 1.764510 2.130220 2.570529 3.100411 4.504152
77 1.211985 1.468205 1.777744 2.151522 2.602660 3.146917 4.594235
78 1.215015 1.475546 1.791077 2.173037 2.635193 3.194120 4.686120
79 1.218053 1.482924 1.804510 2.194768 2.668133 3.242032 4.779842
80 1.221098 1.490339 1.818044 2.216715 2.701485 3.290663 4.875439

216
n 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00% 8.00%
1 1.030000 1.040000 1.050000 1.060000 1.070000 1.080000
2 1.060900 1.081600 1.102500 1.123600 1.144900 1.166400
3 1.092727 1.124864 1.157625 1.191016 1.225043 1.259712
4 1.125509 1.169859 1.215506 1.262477 1.310796 1.360489
5 1.159274 1.216653 1.276282 1.338226 1.402552 1.469328
6 1.194052 1.265319 1.340096 1.418519 1.500730 1.586874
7 1.229874 1.315932 1.407100 1.503630 1.605781 1.713824
8 1.266770 1.368569 1.477455 1.593848 1.718186 1.850930
9 1.304773 1.423312 1.551328 1.689479 1.838459 1.999005
10 1.343916 1.480244 1.628895 1.790848 1.967151 2.158925
11 1.384234 1.539454 1.710339 1.898299 2.104852 2.331639
12 1.425761 1.601032 1.795856 2.012196 2.252192 2.518170
13 1.468534 1.665074 1.885649 2.132928 2.409845 2.719624
14 1.512590 1.731676 1.979932 2.260904 2.578534 2.937194
15 1.557967 1.800944 2.078928 2.396558 2.759032 3.172169
16 1.604706 1.872981 2.182875 2.540352 2.952164 3.425943
17 1.652848 1.947900 2.292018 2.692773 3.158815 3.700018
18 1.702433 2.025817 2.406619 2.854339 3.379932 3.996019
19 1.753506 2.106849 2.526950 3.025600 3.616528 4.315701
20 1.806111 2.191123 2.653298 3.207135 3.869684 4.660957
21 1.860295 2.278768 2.785963 3.399564 4.140562 5.033834
22 1.916103 2.369919 2.925261 3.603537 4.430402 5.436540
23 1.973587 2.464716 3.071524 3.819750 4.740530 5.871464
24 2.032794 2.563304 3.225100 4.048935 5.072367 6.341181
25 2.093778 2.665836 3.386355 4.291871 5.427433 6.848475
26 2.156591 2.772470 3.555673 4.549383 5.807353 7.396353
27 2.221289 2.883369 3.733456 4.822346 6.213868 7.988061
28 2.287928 2.998703 3.920129 5.111687 6.648838 8.627106
29 2.356566 3.118651 4.116136 5.418388 7.114257 9.317275
30 2.427262 3.243398 4.321942 5.743491 7.612255 10.062657
31 2.500080 3.373133 4.538039 6.088101 8.145113 10.867669
32 2.575083 3.508059 4.764941 6.453387 8.715271 11.737083
33 2.652335 3.648381 5.003189 6.840590 9.325340 12.676050
34 2.731905 3.794316 5.253348 7.251025 9.978114 13.690134
35 2.813862 3.946089 5.516015 7.686087 10.676581 14.785344
36 2.898278 4.103933 5.791816 8.147252 11.423942 15.968172
37 2.985227 4.268090 6.081407 8.636087 12.223618 17.245626
38 3.074783 4.438813 6.385477 9.154252 13.079271 18.625276

217
 39 3.167027 4.616366 6.704751 9.703507 13.994820 20.115298
40 3.262038 4.801021 7.039989 10.285718 14.974458 21.724521
41 3.359899 4.993061 7.391988 10.902861 16.022670 23.462483
42 3.460696 5.192784 7.761588 11.557033 17.144257 25.339482
43 3.564517 5.400495 8.149667 12.250455 18.344355 27.366640
44 3.671452 5.616515 8.557150 12.985482 19.628460 29.555972
45 3.781596 5.841176 8.985008 13.764611 21.002452 31.920449
46 3.895044 6.074823 9.434258 14.590487 22.472623 34.474085
47 4.011895 6.317816 9.905971 15.465917 24.045707 37.232012
48 4.132252 6.570528 10.401270 16.393872 25.728907 40.210573
49 4.256219 6.833349 10.921333 17.377504 27.529930 43.427419
50 4.383906 7.106683 11.467400 18.420154 29.457025 46.901613
51 4.515423 7.390951 12.040770 19.525364 31.519017 50.653742
52 4.650886 7.686589 12.642808 20.696885 33.725348 54.706041
53 4.790412 7.994052 13.274949 21.938698 36.086122 59.082524
54 4.934125 8.313814 13.938696 23.255020 38.612151 63.809126
55 5.082149 8.646367 14.635631 24.650322 41.315001 68.913856
56 5.234613 8.992222 15.367412 26.129341 44.207052 74.426965
57 5.391651 9.351910 16.135783 27.697101 47.301545 80.381122
58 5.553401 9.725987 16.942572 29.358927 50.612653 86.811612
59 5.720003 10.115026 17.789701 31.120463 54.155539 93.756540
60 5.891603 10.519627 18.679186 32.987691 57.946427 101.257064
61 6.068351 10.940413 19.613145 34.966952 62.002677 109.357629
62 6.250402 11.378029 20.593802 37.064969 66.342864 118.106239
63 6.437914 11.833150 21.623493 39.288868 70.986865 127.554738
64 6.631051 12.306476 22.704667 41.646200 75.955945 137.759117
65 6.829983 12.798735 23.839901 44.144972 81.272861 148.779847
66 7.034882 13.310685 25.031896 46.793670 86.961962 160.682234
67 7.245929 13.843112 26.283490 49.601290 93.049299 173.536813
68 7.463307 14.396836 27.597665 52.577368 99.562750 187.419758
69 7.687206 14.972710 28.977548 55.732010 106.532142 202.413339
70 7.917822 15.571618 30.426426 59.075930 113.989392 218.606406
71 8.155357 16.194483 31.947747 62.620486 121.968650 236.094918
72 8.400017 16.842262 33.545134 66.377715 130.506455 254.982512
73 8.652018 17.515953 35.222391 70.360378 139.641907 275.381113
74 8.911578 18.216591 36.983510 74.582001 149.416840 297.411602
75 9.178926 18.945255 38.832686 79.056921 159.876019 321.204530
76 9.454293 19.703065 40.774320 83.800336 171.067341 346.900892
77 9.737922 20.491187 42.813036 88.828356 183.042055 374.652964
78 10.030060 21.310835 44.953688 94.158058 195.854998 404.625201
79 10.330962 22.163268 47.201372 99.807541 209.564848 436.995217
80 10.640891 23.049799 49.561441 105.795993 224.234388 471.954834

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Appendix: ex and e-x value table
x ex e-x

0.00 1.0000 1.0000

0.01 1.0101 0.99005

0.02 1.0202 0.98020

0.03 1.0305 0.97045

0.04 1.0408 0.96079

0.05 1.0513 0.95123

0.06 1.0618 0.94176

0.07 1.0725 0.93239

0.08 1.0833 0.92312

0.09 1.0942 0.91393

0.10 1.1052 0.90484

0.11 1.1163 0.89583

0.12 1.1275 0.88692

0.13 1.1388 0.87810

0.14 1.1503 0.86936

0.15 1.1618 0.86071

0.16 1.1735 0.85214

0.17 1.1853 0.84366

0.18 1.1972 0.83527

0.19 1.2092 0.82696

0.20 1.2214 0.81873

0.21 1.2337 0.81058

0.22 1.2461 0.80252

0.23 1.2586 0.79453

0.24 1.2712 0.78663

0.25 1.2840 0.77880

0.26 1.2969 0.77105

219
 0.27 1.3100 0.76338

0.28 1.3231 0.75578

0.29 1.3364 0.74826

0.30 1.3499 0.74082

0.31 1.3634 0.73345

0.32 1.3771 0.72615

0.33 1.3910 0.71892

0.34 1.4049 0.71177

0.35 1.4191 0.70469

0.36 1.4333 0.69768

0.37 1.4477 0.69073

0.38 1.4623 0.68386

0.39 1.4770 0.67706

0.40 1.4918 0.67032

220