- © w' Cacrave, Ttansport fa Semi conductors Basic “Twacsport anechgarsoms art 4. Datft a Diffusion Aa Clecinic ret apptied Xo on eleetrons gad helu so that they eniit aceeleradion and a met movernent, provides “there ant Gvoitable ‘enety states fo the ¢B ard VB: This mek -movernant a ee dae to eleelric Fetd ¥ comtd daift- the mek date of rage qi mie bo dintgt cuarnt: Daife cubnoat Dens? Tame ) Conductivity wr, Mobs Lt by Ch) j >the charge Casares a a Solrd asf t Grrtent motim- thermal motion of ES NM? ta solid - chee at pooot “A mad mat eka back to its inbial es HX ha eheckmie feud & ts appured iv we dinate te, fin? Forte ep ementid by cork % ob Fo. = 7 0 Soe LU ee hove ‘x nuncber of @s, net tone expenened, by @ group of % is ee NS ® VE the Py ts the total womantum of @ group of ‘rt along a dineetron . then Re ae Ea a sc Unil paodure & ‘Force ere pert ene a mek A © wt Bilurd ® Scanned with CamScanner© Ghit ave he conkinout aorelrabtorn of Es ta the -z dieckion > The Tore due to eledmc Hud loalaneed & steasly state bythe dectelsrabing Areree of the collision — paoress - >To woluate the choge w mo Ubitorn pobablubu must be davestigated hotel. >The poobability of collision fod am & in ony Erne wterval ‘deo dt whe Ls mem four dene b/w collisim & or seatbering wut So difdercatial change Dn novundture (Pad elas tO coll sion fa me dt & de = - he. de ——- © & the vate of charge of Px dusrto the eleccelarating eppert oh Collisions B At steady dake, Bunt of eteeelerating ond. dereelorabing effects Must be xoho- 3 OO, Pe dp, .. + ao P. at le Tx ye S be wlisin 4 foe =O le, t “"L&e-0 11 bn E Pe = —NLE Sa @ Scanned with CamScanner5 * 22 the Average movintim pa ~ : Ly denoted Lfe> = Pe 2 -té, ——— ® { A tah'na Group of Lvey 6 Ped oS € a) Tf ™ _ : ma ———©® “TES Dave Velocity - i 0 Substitute J in@® Se = -nq. -4E ba ™a ke nti e fin —9 . [2s = 6] —— A Te Elector pe) [= 6] oS oa negE jo i | 4 ® echo (Sg Me] colette Electaon vmnobiLity > deaentbes the ease wrth elertaons dattt & the matercal. @ un be wattn as This devution b&b baned ea te axsumpaion that Cosmet U Cosied primal by @s. io both @s andl bode pastiupate ih cnet coranal fled, Jiwse-[e = ath & + Rip oe Tx «Ng = QeA= ALnt th be + P2MEs Scanned with CamScannerDiffusion. of camcers. when eens Carmets ave created man war Foancly ‘a a0, the ~ and holt tontentratin vary with position fh the Sample - > Now thee ty 4 aegion of higher tonteat ration. anda region. of lower Contenteration- > Hene caanegs muve ford a high Uatentdatiom to w Lod esncentdadion - This motim of change Urn ts Called Change casaeke Diffusion and the turment developed is called — deffusior cnererent - nd t=0 3° am fig: Spreadong of pale of 2s by dittur'on, >A pulse of enrege ES ave Contentaated ab xuzo at hme &-0 Oil Spread out in Heme as th tg. oh ko, ene 6 are Cmmbvated at x20. As bine 45, Caos spread ouk ateoss x. > Rvally 8 — edoatd hove diddused Rayna higher 0 loader Conca tadion aFirvatty Cnsformrs “thewusghee wl Rate of 8 disor Diffusion Carat vegions of ncad becomes _ Comide distorbudion of 8s as nen and a is divided th ED Segrnencts of cuidtl 1 Copean Free par.) Scanned with CamScannernem is evaluated at -the teatre of each segment. ons) no o ar x Q) | ty age x mL KET > Snce the movement of & iS condom, the & wa [Link] Gn meve either bo the ight or to the feft- >, 2 In one mean deer ere, % of the 2 fawro Seqeoert 4 Cev05s0 ot and roves in 40 Segmmt 2° and, of “he & iv segerent 2 vill crrass Ly and wove 0 segenoct 1- % Contertaation ia sgt = my @ Unurtaation in saya = Conta = Nanded Volume Gotal no. f és ia sd = my LA 2 ov @ in sgQin La ) Net mo. af @5 wocting Seo Att to might wmeor free bre Ch) = % Lata —1, 74) Diffusion cusnnt density = eHlun density x Chaye > Electron fluc density, dh tx) is the vate of 2@flw0 per unit Brea. dheay = Nek mo of &f_noowing to oe direction, bioe X Aron Scanned with CamScannerdace? = oY TA Cou-md D EA dtr = Llaend ____@© at DifF erente ch & cmuntaot'en, m—n car be cumtten as Mew = nin — nba+a227—@® xk Ax Substitute B® 1% @® > tind = Dp weaneter |e ak bro bu = 3 Fcx+b x) -4t2) his -tgem 9 [Eee a =d fra) 2 A zt = Elecloot diffusion es Cet /sy ©> dex) = —Do- d nen Ie ee Elector Cudarent density = Flux denrty x hatge Thc) = Sp dy tx. C4) Speed 2 -9 Dp: d Peay Kids | Se Tne) = Aa Da dnc) 7m ee Tp (209 '—Att. pea) Se Scanned with CamScannerWo both eectwe ged ard gqracert ars preset, faa 10. tonider both davft ad dtifusiory currants Tp tnd = Ty Colttasion) + Comte) = Da Ane) 4 2O Ha bx da coe -d_ Pex) + PYMp f d at -d_Pex) + PIMP foot Dart and ditusine disecbions er @ ond hor A aw cnr — qaradveet ard eloetaic qred - ees 2 Se caps 4 veassees Saute $F dared) ——> Sa nw —__ Pee <— tn carte) -----> Partrele flow drrcebor. aa Asuibiag Cornet - Notes Davfe ord Attfusion — Cuments ane addibve for holes wr eelnce field is athe directions of >) deemeaving wawrtrabore ord UW gubstrachve px és Scanned with CamScannerEtmstein selations Ak equilkbmum, No net cumrant fipws (a a Semi conductor. {e, Ditfuion Cummt + daft cunt <0 Treattaniom) + rede) 0 ~ Dp. d Pex + PO Mp Be) =0 Dp- d_Pexd = Pe Hp Bex) dx Dp- APex) = PMp &(x) dx &ery = De - dl Pex) Pep a Bray = a. A Peo) * oo Po dx © Considersng eau ti bauer, Pf ie Peed = PCxD te d \f. @ beewwmes &tx) = Dp = eral dx He Pe itp [kt D1 Pe fe . od py ee alet d_(G-€F) = Dp. t_- ora HP kT _GAe _ dt aay * ee + Te © > &txd = Dp tb Ghe —_® Scanned with CamScanner2 a ad Eta -: d€p Sen = KT dz y a as =o we hove, veay = Een? © Een: Potential enorgg “£. Gen = wd Men cad E(u dx C¢ OOo sid & & (0 tic cx) @ e dias d & . dey - de dx a dx. dx Compare @ aad. @® Dp te eat Hp Kr 2. | Dp kT | Hp ) - D = kT = ‘ a x, | x a + Vy + Volk exuivalent of Teen a | At ok, a | Dr = EE | he =o = B62QX1D ev 3 62x10 ev x 500 lev = 25 nov ee Scanned with CamScannernA Effet of “Temperotus and Di + yEMfeck of tempencdnas, an : on Mobi jo DANCE types of Scatteang mechanisms oleh odfects the mobitity at coumerg ane > Lakpee seattenn' > Inpumsy Scattering Ya Laktrre seatteming a Caanrrr Moving thoough the, costal % Seatted by @ vibaation of the Lathre, erutting Fron. the teenpersture - Setseg lattie seating (qcreatet, apbedbhy dlestenses. ith — tocereudt to demprratre mowity S arevenses with —ntevesde —h_ tempenntiont: tee yoo Input: Seactexeng -. earl Seadtuuing fora» Ongstad defects, Meh a 00'S impurcties beawrnts the cbrinant mnethantim. at lod T. sce de atone of the cooler dacttce ase Los agitated, Lectirre att den: les (mpoatont * > Housyer, the “thermal wrokion of the east? uf alo Slower- > grace aw slowly moving ewer ig Ll fo be $easte more — staongly by an fateration with & ed ion tren gw Caner with a gaoater momentum, imp uiety Seadtoheng, cowie @ deeronre vabiltay wrth — deed ‘ : ale th demperatane Baers 2 aueths), The mobi Li Teo at a of wo Seatttering rehanins add inversely ee _ STB the mechaniten tour Ha” He] the lourst mobitity value dardnats Scanned with CamScanner) Effect of doping on. MobiLt Qe Ac the tonuntoadion of wmpuactica tatereases, the efferks Of teapwaity Seadteheng ane higher at higher tenperactire- i, Ma at 800K & 1950 tw'/y-s. With donod depiny Contentiation » be oF oon Ha= 100 en /v-s - > Thus the praene of it ioncsecl donont tatandeues a significant amount of loapurity seutkerrng. t Se, Fay 2 Mo bya. Cont lenputty Gnu Scanned with CamScannerHall Effect - via magackic tread is applied dr to the dyweekron ta _ Which hows dutt 4 a P-type bar, the path of -the hotes @ tends bo be deflected . F Cy x : 1, > Tolal foae on a” Mognette fed § F= 4C&+vxB) ——_———o Single, hole dut 4o electmt feud eanoh Scanned with CamScannerda they dirreshin, the ‘fore 6 Bx > By =o = Choy — V. 6: % Chey Ig Bx) © velo i . Ya Wy VE Fao @, Ie ts char tha, a *) Unless an eleetwec Rud fy 4 estabtsshed along, He width of the baw, each hole will eapemene a net forse (an thourbae an accelerabion)) inthe Y- di reckon dusto the 2,82 product - Ip manta a steady Hele fo of hades et Length et the bake, tre ehaetore Froud fey mutt ust balen the qnoduck 9 Ve Bx - a) @ So tmat Fyeo d u tine > Phymeally “thes detdric quid tet up whan magneb'e fel shifts the hele distribubo slightly in the -Y duaerbion - neccuae i hed bes os Lages -the elecAme : op 7 aga ol VeBs, no Tue toteol dove v exper as they dytft along the bar. >» the elabli abrvnt uf the deetaic kaoum os Hall effect > The esuahing vestoge. Veg = fy —@® > One fretd fy ® is called Hatt voltage - Sez ZN AVE> ferent, We knvw, 7 on fy « Sn Bz © LP Scanned with CamScanner© (GZ) Haut ' Coethieient Rant rete by 2 Ta8 fie, Nagneb’e flue deas ty Curunt deasiky ' Far @, Po = oa —) Oo - @f & & by Eyeing pi e+ Be _ Calat). Be ERy Loy © (Wpalwo) R= Te Bz Gy Van, Zt Van os Nas = te Be Ry : N wk Rewrnnty P= BA = » Weolte ) & | Lf ook we have, oz 1s 2% Hp he e+ = Ra LPo Ven e —___ & > IP py type se Ynued, 2 t oe. > Yaa ond Ry ie alo nigative - Scanned with CamScannerApple cub'ens’ ey Hatt effet & mud of sera enduclod mabextal + 3. do debeamine the nedie wnunkeaer (8,00) . oO - to a Ss 1. Fo determine the Scanned with CamScannerContin uisy uation Consider a semiesndueod arth arca of Coose gecttorr A and ditortntal dengte Ax. 2) st d ex 1S the Tele twanent density enteung -the elemental volume Ax A DH Cxtdadiis the hole cust dlensidey Aoauvng the Clemental volume Ctr And A. Net Change ja_ holo concantiation. Pr unit tre, ie , 3 = Net hele flux pet unit volume endenia » net hole bux pa unit volume doaung — Teombinatio sate - oe hove dp = Lb, dp = 4- hole Flux density . Flux per volume, dp. = 3b. Ghen grt the Ae Laz number of cassrorg Ped untt volume ent entog the asta Ax-A Pea aintt time - Flux per volume Feawing Sp Cxt+ Axed 2Ax Scanned with CamScanner( Spear__ exenar _ Sp 2 Axed Axe & op | = ot XLSt+ Boe = Pee eS Ase, = I ead ‘2 8 & dx if e OF = ~1.4 Ipcxd ' Ot las tea @ de = —® a a, Wowk) -IDlPorSp) = 28 -1 dIpen) ¢ os Baw = if BE = ig os a which W -the continuity equation fox hoteg- PCED. 2 Sp oi 3pm doa: holes ie, i. Ll ob ot 2 Ox OnHtED 38, 1 ue Bet Te Sn fon es n Note: in @, ot >) sPent = S (Prep) _ bP 438 : at ae but fo 20 28 Po tS constont - Se a Pint) = 38 x ae Diftuion cument doa holes, end = ~2Dp- A Pea) > ~EDp- d\Po +8) + ~20p dB Tin . S Pp : am Lh Scanned with CamScannerSubstitute @ in © a8 aD. 28) _ Pe -g2. bem 2) & F ® Combsnta'ty an for €& holes © Cmtrnuity eae oer betes 35 Diffusion dength Ww steady state, Cno ences eanrers) © ad © beewmer zaro Cr - a % Dp-Tp is Steady siete Petesen an |b ¥ Dp-Tp |. ee ® . Fon © Sisaeg Abie oe dt Da Fb. = Sa. ys = => aa ee Scanned with CamScannerlv: [iets | ——@® whee lis the dittusion tengt> Sor és. Up is cthe average dstone a hole diffuser besore te _germbines. @ b ln is the cverage clistanu. an & elifuses ef DAL. ie seumbrnes- @Bad @ ae cated steady Grate diffusion eens. °° [el Solution to thy ern in of _ the form, Sead = Ge! Ble why 2 _Ssie@gy We car evaluate C1 md “a don the boundary Conditions - Exeos cami injected. at x0, Splasod = AP cohen 20, SpCt20) = Ge + Ge = GHG = AP__@ when x2@, dp 20 = Oe%, Ge qQ eco & 40 S Geo —-@ Substtute @® in Ap = G+Q=. %© Od [Spen) = ap Scanned with CamScannerEneogy band. diag aam. of a Semitonductoa with Eleckave fret Gin —> 7 dos bE equrlebaum Under eleetme eld fe The applied Clete qruld it proportional bo “the Qtadrent w% elena energy Thenedone energy bands bend upwards in the deroction, of the eleetwic Reld - Energy bonds of a Semiconductor igtil be Flat when Cleetme Feld in ik ts xero- Scanned with CamScannerieiatgr REuatec The Gauss’ theorem «1 ditterental foam 1S ve=dv & = %., Cin Sate space) —O Tn @ purely Electnostatre Fretd, QP: Charge denstty £ --gud V = -VV—@ v: fotertial Lb eleehmic Freud Eo: peamtenuty of frw spete Substitute @ in © VE =v Cyv) = % z =-Viv = v Y%, ree h Chatge frae megan, P20 laps enn Scanned with CamScanner