DIRECT / REPORTED SPEECH
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
-Reporting verb in the present “say” -No change
“I am a student”,he says He says that he is a student
-Reporting verb in the past
1-*present simple 1-*past simple
“I write my lesson” ,he said He said that he wrote his lesson.
2-*present perfect 2-*past perfect
“I have written my lesson”- has written He said that he had written his lesson.
3-*present continuous
“I am writing my lesson” 3-*past continuous
Am/is + V ing He said that he was writing his ………..
Are +v+ing Was +v+ing
Were +v+ing
4-*Past simple 4-*past perfect
“I wrote my lesson” He said that he had written his lesson.
5*-Past continuous 5-*Past perfect continuous
“I was writing …….” He said that he had been writing…….
Modals
*Must – will- shall- can –may *-had to –would- should- could- might
“I must work hard” He said that ha had to work hard.
Time and place markers
*Yesterday *The day before/ the previous day
*tomorrow *The day after /the next day/the following
day
*today *that day
*tonight *that night
*”I wrote my lesson two days ago” *he said that he had written his lesson two
days before that day.
*now *then, at that moment
*this- these- here *that- those-there
Pronouns -I said that I wrote my………
“I write my lesson”, -You said that you wrote your………..
-He said that he wrote his………..
-She said that she wrote her ……………..
“We write our lesson”, -we said that we wrote our lesson.
-you said that you wrote your lesson.
-they said that they wrote their lesson.
Questions
*Yes/ No Questions
*-“Did you write your lesson?”, he asked *-He asked me if I had written my …
me/him/her/you/us/them. -He asked him if he …………his……
-He asked her if she…………….her….
-He asked you if you …………….your…
-He asked us if we……………….our…….
-He asked them if they………..their……
*WH Questions
1-*”What are you doing now?” 1-*He asked me what I was doing then.
2-*He asked us why we had been absent the
2-*”Why were you absent yesterday?” day before.
3-*Where will you go tomorrow?” 3-*He asked you where you would go the
following day.