EE-417 Digital Signal Processing
Lecture#01
Engr. Shahid Rauf
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Digital Signal Processing
• Signal is a physical quantity that varies with
time, space or any other independent variable
or variables.
• Signal conveys information through action,
gesture or sound.
• Analog Signal (Continuous time signal): for
every value of time signal is defined.
• Discrete Time Signal: Defined at discrete
intervals of time.
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Continuous Valued and Discrete
Valued Signal
• Continuous Valued: If a signal takes on all
possible values on a finite or an infinite range.
• Discrete Valued: If a signal takes on values
from a finite set of possible values. These
values are equidistant and hence can be
expressed as an integer multiple of the
distance between two successive values.
• A discrete time signal having a set of discrete
values is called a digital signal.
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Sampling and Quantization
• Sampling is the process of converting analog
signal into discrete time signal.
• Quantization is the process of converting a
continuous-valued signal into a discrete-
valued signal.
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Signal Processing
• Signal processing is used to analyze, modify
and synthesize signals.
• A system is a set of elements connected
together, takes input signal process it and
gives output response.
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Analog and Digital Signal Processing
• Analog Signal Processing: Processed through
electrical network consists of active and
passive elements.
• Digital Signal Processing: Analog signal is
converted to digital signal and then processed
and then converted to analog signal.
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Applications
• Speech and audio processing (compression,
speech recognition, noise removal etc.).
• Image and Video Processing
• Military and Space e.g. radar signal
processing, missile guidance, satellite signal
processing.
• Biomedical and healthcare like ECG, X-ray
analysis and scanning etc.
• Consumer Electronics e.g. mobile phones,
digital cameras, digital television etc.
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Advantages of DSP
• Flexible (easily modified) in operation i.e. it can
perform complicated signal processing
operations. On the other hand, analog is not
flexible, so its system design will be complex and
hence expensive.
• Accurate results.
• Stable system as DSP system are based on
addition and multiplication.
• Data Storage is less expensive.
• Hence entire system is low cost
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Disadvantages
• Limited speed of operation: Due to the DSP
hardware especially at high frequencies.
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Continuous Time Signals
• These signals are defined for every value of
time and take on values in the continuous
interval.
• For Example:
• x(t)= Acos(Ωt)
• y(t)= Asin(Ωt)
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Discrete Time Signal
• Discrete Time Signals are defined only at
certain specific values of time.
• For example:
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Discrete Time Signal Representation
• There are four ways to represent a discrete
time signal.
▪ Graphical representation
▪ Functional representation
▪ Tabular representation
▪ Sequence representation
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Standard Discrete Time Signals
• Digital Impulse Signal or Unit sample Signal
• Unit Step Signal
• Unit Ramp Signal
• Exponential Signal
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Continuous Time Sinusoidal Signal
• X(t) =Acos (ωt +ϕ) =Acos(2π ft+ϕ) -∞<t< ∞
where ω =2π f
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Discrete Time Sinusoidal Signal
• X(n) =Acos (ωn +ϕ) =Acos(2π fn+ϕ) -∞<t< ∞
• X(n) =Asin(ωn +ϕ) =Asin(2π fn+ϕ) -∞<t< ∞
where ω =2π f
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References
• Proakis, John G. Digital signal processing:
principles, algorithms, and applications, 3rd
Edition
• [Link]
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