Abdelhamid Mahri university – Constantine 2- 2023/2024
Faculty of NITC 1st year
ALGEBRA 1
Series 4
Algebraic structures
Exercise 1
We define on ℝ the two laws ∗ and ⊥ by :
∀(𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ ℝ2 , 𝑥 ∗ 𝑦 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
∀(𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ ℝ2 , 𝑥 ⊥ 𝑦 = √𝑥 + 𝑦
1 – Laws ∗ and ⊥ are they laws of internal composition ?
2 – Is the law ∗ commutative ? Associative ? has an identity element?
Exercise 2
– Let ∗ an ICL defined on 𝒫 (𝐸 ) by :
𝑖𝑓 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ≠ ∅ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐴 ∗ 𝐵 = 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵
𝑖𝑓 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = ∅ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐴 ∗ 𝐵 = 𝐸
Is the law ∗ commutative ? Associative ? has an identity element?
Exercise 3
Let the ICL ⋆ and ⊥ defined on ℝ by :
∀(𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ ℝ2 ∶ 𝑥 ⋆ 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1
∀(𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ ℝ2 ∶ 𝑥 ⊥ 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦
1/ Is the law ∗ commutative ? Associative ? has an identity element?
2/ Is the law ⊥ commutative ? Associative ? has an identity element?
3/ Prove that ⊥ is distributive with respect to ⋆.
Exercise 4
Let ⋆ an ICL defined on ℝ by :
1
𝑥 ⋆ 𝑦 = (𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 )3
Prove that (ℝ,⋆) is an abelian group.
Exercise 5
1-Let ⋆ an ICL defined on 𝐺 = ]−1,1[ by :
𝑥+𝑦
∀(𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝐺 × 𝐺 ∶ 𝑥 ⋆ 𝑦 =
1 + 𝑥𝑦
- Prove that (𝐺,⋆) is an abelian group.
2-let 𝐻 = ]0,1[ a part of 𝐺.
(𝐻,⋆) is it a subgroup of 𝐺?
Exercise 6
We define the two laws ⨁ and ⨂ on ℝ by :
∀(𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ ℝ2 ∶ 𝑥⨁𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2
∀(𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ ℝ2 ∶ 𝑥⨂𝑦 = 𝑥 ∙ 𝑦 − 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 6
1 - Prove that (ℝ, ⨁) is an abelian group.
2 - Prove that (ℝ, ⨁, ⨂) is a ring.