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A speaker of 9 ©, resistive impedance is connected to a supply of 10 V with internal resistive
impedance of 1, as shown in Fig. E2.1a.
(a) Determine the power absorbed by the speaker.
(b) To maximize the power transfer to the speaker, a transformer of 1 : 3 turns ratio is used
betwen source and speaker as shown in Fig. E2.1b, Determine the power taken by the
speaker.
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FIGURE 2.9 Purallel operation of single-phase transformers, (a) Comeet
connection. (b) Wrong connection.
4
Tests are performed on a 1g, 10 kVA, 2200/20 V, 60 Hz transformer and the following results
are obtained.
Open-Cireuit Test Short-Circuit Test
(high-voltage side open) __(low-voltage side shorted)
Voltmeter 20¥ 150
Ammeter 25a A558
Watimeter 100 W 215
(a) Derive the parameters for the approximate equivalent circuits referred to the low-voltage
side and the high-voltage side.
(b) Express the excitation current as a percentage of the rated current,
{e) Determine the power factor for the no-load and short-circuit test.
Consider the transformer in Example 2.2. Determine the voltage regulation in percent for the
following load conditions.
(a)_ 75% full load, 0.6 power factor lagging.
(b)_ 75% full load, 0.6 power Factor leading.
(c) Draw the phasor diagram for conditions (a) and (b).
For the transformer in Example 2.2, determine
(a) Elficiency at 75% rated output and 0.6 PF.
(b) Power output at maximum efficiency and the value of maximum efficiency. At what
percent of full load does this maximum efficiency occur? A50 kVA, 2400/240 V transformer has a core loss P: ~ 200 W at rated voltage and a copper loss
Poy 500 W at full load. It has the following load cycle:
Load 0.0% 50% 75% 110%
Power factor 1 038 lag 1
Hours 6 3
Determine the all-day efficiency of the transformer.
‘A 10, 100 KVA, 2000/200 V two-winding transformer is connected as an autotransformer as
‘shown in Fig. E2.6 such that more than 2000 V is obtained at the secondary. The portion ab is
the 200'V winding, and the portion be is the 2000 V winding. Compute the kVA rating as an
‘autotransformer.
‘Three 1g, SOKVA, 2300/230 V, 6OHz wansformers are connected to form a 39, 4000/230V
transformer bank. The equivalent impedance of each transformer referred to low voltage is
0.012 + 0.0169. The 39 transformer supplies a 3¢, 120KVA, 230 V, 0.85 PF (lag) load.
fa) Draw a schematic diagram showing the transformer connection,
(b) Determine the transformer winding currents.
(c) Determine the primary voltage (line-to-line) required.
(@)_ Determine the voltage regulation
[A36, 230 V,27 LVA, 0 9PF (lag) load is supplied by three 10 KVA, 1330/230 V, 60 Hz transformers
connected in Y- by means of a common 3 feeder whose impedance is 0.003 ~ 70.0152 per
phase. The transformers are supplied from a 3ésource trough a 3¢ feeder whose impedance is
08 +/5.0S2per phase. The equivalent impedance of one transformer referred to the low-voltage
side is 0.12 + 0.25 92. Determine the required supply voltage ifthe load voltage is 230.
‘The exciting current of a 19, 10 KVA, 2200/20 V, 60 Hz transformer is 0.25A when measured
on the high-voltage side. Its equivalent impedance is 10.4 + [31.3 2 when referred to the high-
voltage side. Taking the transformer rating as base,
(a) Determine the base values of voltages, currents, and impedances for both high-voltage
and low-voltage sides.
(B)_ Express the exciting current in perunit form for both high-voltage and low-voltage sides.
(©) Obtain the equivalent circuit in per-unit form.
(@)_ Find the full-oad copper loss in per-unit form.
(©) Determine the per-unit voltage regulation (using the per-unit equivalent circuit from part
©) when the wansformer delivers 75% full load at 0.6 lagging power factor
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