-

11-0 mn~ns';
11-1 çLrkouk
11-2 thouh vkSj vU; x| fo/kk,¡
11-3 thouh dh lajpuk vkSj fo'ks"krk,¡
11-4 thouh ys[kd jkefoykl 'kekZ
11-5 ^fujkyk dh lkfgR; lk/kuk* dk iBu
11-6 ^fujkyk dh lkfgR; lk/kuk* dk fo'ys"k.k
11-6-1 çfrik|
11-6-2 Hkk"kk-'kSyh
11-7 lkjka'k
11-8 'kCnkoyh
11-9 cks/k ç'uksa ds mÙkj

;g fujkyk th dh thouh dk ,d va'k gSA bl thouh ds ys[kd gSa jkefoykl 'kekZA

bl ikB esa ys[kd us fujkyk th ds thou ds mu [Link] çlaxksa ij çdk'k Mkyk gS]
ftuls ,d vD[kM+ xzkeh.k ;qod ls ,d fo[;kr dfo ds :i esa fujkyk th ds mn;
dh ;k=k dh >yd feyrh gSA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds ckn vki%
lkfgfR;d fo/kk thouh dh jpuk ds rRoksa dh O;k[;k dj ldsaxs(
x| lkfgR; esa thouh ds LFkku dh ppkZ dj ldsaxs(
bl thouh ds va'k ls fujkyk ds pfj= dh fo'ks"krkvksa dh O;k[;k dj ldsaxs(
jkefoykl 'kekZ —r bl thouh dk vkLoknu vkSj ewY;kadu dj ldsaxs vkSj
thouh ys[ku dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks igpkudj mlesa ço`Ùk gks ldsaxsA

fganh lkfgR; esa x| dk vkfoHkkZo mUuhloha 'krkCnh ds mÙkjk)Z esa gqvkA çFke Lok/khurk
laxzke ds Øwj neu ds ckn] fganh çns'k esa] oSpkfjd vfHkO;fä ds lk/kuksa dh [kkst ds
Øe esa gh x| ds vusd :i lkeus vk,A oSpkfjd fookn vkSj la?k"kZ ds fy, x| ds
fofHkUu :iksa ds fodkl ds dkj.k gh HkkjrsUnq ;qx dks x| dky Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
Lok/khurk ds fy, yM+h tkus okyh yM+kbZ ds nkSj esa ns'kh-fons'kh egkiq#"kksa dk Lej.k bl
yM+kbZ ds ,d vfuok;Z dk;ZHkkj ds nkSj esa Lohdkj fd;k x;kA R;kx] cfynku vkSj
rstfLork bl Lej.k ds çeq[k ?kVd cudj mifLFkr gq,A fczfV'k lkezkT;okn dh QwV
Mkyus vkSj jkt djus dh uhfr ds fo#) lkEçnkf;d ln~Hkko dks c<+kok nsus okys rRoksa
dks Hkh bl dk;ZHkkj esa 'kkfey djds pyus dh ço`fÙk bl dky esa fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA 283
 vius laf{kIr thou-dky esa Lo;a Hkkjrsanq gfj'paæ us vusd egkiq#"kksa ds laf{kIr thou-
o`Ùk fy[ksA ,d vksj mUgksaus foØe] dkfynkl] jkekuqtkpk;Z] 'kadjkpk;Z] oYyHkkpk;Z vkSj
egkdfo lwjnkl vkfn ds thou-o`Ùk fy[ks] ogha mUgksaus lqdjkr] usiksfy;u r`rh; vkSj
ykMZ E;ks vkfn ds thou pfj= Hkh fy[ksA vius le; esa çpfyr eqfLye-fojks/kh
fopkj/kkjk ds fo#) Hkh os lfØ; gLr{ksi djrs fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA vk;Z lekt }kjk çsfjr
vkSj lapkfyr 'kqf) vkanksyu* ds çHkko ls os vius dks eqä j[krs gSa ftlds çHkko esa rc
ckcw nsodh uanu [k=h lfgr dbZ [Link] ys[kd FksA bldk çek.k os dqjku 'kjhQ dk
lkj-la{ksi fganh esa çLrqr djds nsrs gSaA bl rjg thouh lkfgR; dks fczfV'k lkezkT;okn
ds fo#) yM+h tk jgh yM+kbZ esa ,d mi;ksxh vL= dh rjg bLrseky djus dh ço`fÙk
cgqr eq[kj Hkys gh u gks] mlds fy, O;aX; vkSj migkl dh oSlh 'kSyh Hkh fodflr gksrh
ugha fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA fQj Hkh ,d uo çLQqfVr x|-fo/kk ds :i esa thouh dks xaHkhjrk
ls fy, tkus dk ladsr vo'; nsrk gSA pwafd thouh dk fodkl vius le; lanHkks± dh
vko';drk ds chp gqvk Fkk] mlds çsjd vkSj mn~cks/kd Lo:i ds çfr mldh fpark
LokHkkfod gSA

oSls rks lkjs lkfgR; vkSj dykvksa dk ewy lzksr thou gh gS] ysfdu fQj Hkh dqN lkfgR;-
:i bl ^thou* dk mi;ksx cgqr lh/ks vkSj çR;{k :i esa djrs gSaA thouh ds lkFk bl
rjg ds vU; lkfgR;-:i vkRedFkk] laLej.k vkSj js[kkfp= vkfn gSaA lkfgR; esa thouh
ls cgqr feyrk-tqyrk :i vkRedFkk dk gSA thouh vkSj vkRedFkk nksuksa esa gh
lkekU;r% fdlh [Link] vkSj vius {ks= esa mYys[kuh; O;fä ds [Link] thou dks gh
jpuk dk vk/kkj cuk;k tkrk gSA ^thouh* esa thou dh bl vk/kkj-lkexzh dks dksbZ nwljk
O;fä çLrqr djrk gS tcfd vkRedFkk esa ^dFkk* thouh dk i;kZ; gksus ij Hkh ewy cy
^vkRe* ij gksrk gS vkSj mlesa thou dk çLrqfrdj.k ogh O;fä djrk gS ftldk og
thou gksrk gSA bu nksuksa gh lkfgR; :iksa esa lkekU;r% [Link] thou dks gh vk/kkj lkexzh
ds :i esa mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA fganh esa ,d vksj ;fn jkgqy lka—R;k;u vkSj cPpu
dh vkRedFkk,¡ dFkk ds :i esa mYys[kuh; gSa ogha ve`rjk; dh ^çsepan dye dk
flikgh*] jkefoykl 'kekZ —r ^fujkyk dh lkfgR; lk/kuk* vkSj fo".kq çHkkdj }kjk
fyf[kr 'kjr pan dh thouh ^vkokjk elhgk* vkfn dqN fof'k"V vkSj mYys[kuh;
thofu;ksa ds :i esa Loh—r gSaA dHkh-dHkh fdlh O;fä ds thou dks gh vkRedFkk ds :i
esa çLrqr fd, tkus ds mnkgj.k Hkh feyrs gSaA fo".kqpæa 'kekZ us eqfäcks/k dh thouh dks
^eqfäcks/k dh vkRedFkk* ds :i esa çLrqr fd;k gSA

nks mYys[kuh; thofu;k¡ - ^vfXu lsrq* vkSj ^le; lkE;oknh* - esa Øe'k% ckaxyk dfo
dkth ut#y bLyke vkSj jkgqy lka—R;k;u ds thou-o`Ùk dks thouh ds Loh—r :i
esa gh çLrqr fd;k gSA thouh viuh ç[Link] vkSj fo'oluh;rk ds rF;ksa ds vkos"k.k
vkSj çLrqfrdj.k ij cy nsrh gS tcfd vkRedFkk Lo;a vius ckjs esa rF;ksa ds fueZe vkSj
lkgfld mn~?kkVu ds dkj.k gh mYys[kuh; ekuh tkrh gSA fganh esa [Link]; cspu 'kekZ
^mxz* dh vis{kk—r laf{kIr vkRedFkk] vkRedFkk ds :i esa Loh—r jgh gSA thouh esa
çLrqr rF; gh mls ç[Link] vkSj fo'oluh; cukrs gSa] ysfdu dnkfpr~ ,slh thouh
vlaHko gS ftlesa ys[kd dYiuk dk mi;ksx u djrk gksA ftl thou dks og çLrqr
djrk gS og lkekU;r% dkQh igys chr pqdk gksrk gSA ml thou ds iqulZtZu ds fy,
mls cgq/kk gh viuh ltZukRed dYiuk dk lgkjk ysuk gksrk gSA ysfdu og dkYifud
iqulZtZu Hkh vfuok;Zr% vU; nwljs lzksrksa ls ç[Link] gksuk pkfg,A jkaxs; jk?ko us —".k]
284
cq) vkSj xksj[kukFk lfgr vusd e/;dkyhu larksa vkSj dfo;ksa ds thou ij vk/kkfjr tks
miU;kl fy[ks gSa mUgsa lkekU;r% thou pfj= ds miU;kl ds :i esa gh Loh—fr feyh
gSA bldk vk/kkjHkwr dkj.k ;gh gS fd thouh dh vis{kk muesa dYiuk dk mi;ksx
vf/kd gqvk gSA bl iqulZtZu dh ,sfrgkfld ç[Link] ;gk¡ Hkh cuh jgrh gS ysfdu
thou ds C;kSjksa vkSj ?kVuk-çlaxksa dh çLrqfr esa ;gk¡ i;kZIr Lora= jgus dh NwV yh tk
ldrh gSA thouh esa ,slh dksbZ NwV ,d lhfer ek=k esa gh laHko gksrh gSA

nwljs lkfgR; :iksa esa thouh ds fudV vkus okyh fo/kkvksa esa js[kkfp= vkSj laLej.k eq[;
gSaA js[kkfp= ds fy, ml O;fä dk cgqr çfl) ;k lkaL—frd –f"V ls [Link] gksuk
vfuok;Z ugha gSA egknsoh oekZ ds ^vrhr ds py fp=* vkSj jkeo`{k csuhiqjh ds ^ekVh dh
ewjrsa* esa ftu O;fä;ksa ds js[kkfp= gSa] thou vkSj lekt esa os yksx lkekU;r% gkf'k, ds
yksx gSaA fQj Hkh muds thou dks bu nksuksa gh jpukdkjksa us xgjh laosnuk vkSj gkfnZdrk
ds lkFk O;ä fd;k gSA ;gk¡ thou ds dqN i{k mruh vkReh;rk ds lkFk çLrqr fd,
x, gSa fd os [Link] misf{kr vkSj oafpr oxZ ds çfrfuf/k cudj gekjh lgkuqHkwfr ds ik=
cu tkrs gSaA ogk¡ mudk iwjk thou gekjs lkeus ugha gksrk ysfdu muds thou ds dqN
çlax ;k fQj mu çlaxksa dh Hkwfe gh mUgsa ,d ,slk vkfRed laLi'kZ nsrh gS ftlds dkj.k
muds çfr d#.kk dk mæsd gq, fcuk ugha jgrkA lkekU; vkSj misf{krksa ds çfr bl
ekuoh; d#.kk esa gh bu ys[kdksa dh lQyrk fufgr gSA oSls miU;kl] dgkuh] thouh
lkfgR; esa Hkh js[kkfp= dh dykxr fof'k"Vrkvksa dk mi;ksx gks ldrk gS] gksrk Hkh gS]
ysfdu ,d fo/kk ds :i esa js[kkfp= misf{krksa ds çfr viuh vkReh;rk vkSj d#.kk ds
chp ls gh viuh igpku cukrk gSA

laLej.k esa lkekU;r% ml O;fä dk Lej.k gksrk gS tks lkekftd lkaL—frd thou esa
vius mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku ds fy, tkuk tkrk gSA blesa thouh vkSj js[kkfp= ds rRoksa
dk çpqj ek=k esa mi;ksx gksus ij Hkh eq[; cy ml lac) O;fä ls ys[kd ds futh
laca/k vkSj laidZ ij gh gksrk gSA vius lEidZ ds vk/kkj ij gh ys[kd ml O;fä ds
thou ds fdlh fof'k"V igyw dk vkdyu vkSj iqulZtZu djrk gSA dHkh-dHkh ;g
vkdyu erHksn vkSj fookn dk dkj.k Hkh cu ldrk gS D;ksafd ys[kd viuh –f"V ls gh
ml O;fä fo'ks"k dks çLrqr djrk gSA v'd dk ^eaVks % esjk nq'eu^ bl rjg ds
fooknkLin [Link] dk ,d lgt lqyHk mnkgj.k ekuk tkrk jgk gSA ;gk¡ dnkfpr
ys[kd ds bl –f"Vdks.k dh Hkwfedk dks Hkh vuns[kk ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA vius
ledkyhu ys[kdksa ij fy[ks x, [Link] esa egknsoh oekZ ds ^iFk ds lkFkh* vkSj vKs;
ds ^Le`fr ys[kk* ls ysdj dk'khukFk flag] nw/kukFk flag vkSj johUnz dkfy;k lfgr vusd
ys[kdksa ds laLej.k ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA ;s laLej.k thouh dh rjg u rks O;ofLFkr gksrs
gSa vkSj u gh [Link]] fQj Hkh os lac) O;fä ds thou dks gh çLrqr djrs gSaA

thouh 'kCn thou ls cuk gS( blesa fdlh O;fä ds thouo`Ùk dk [Link] gksrk gSA vaxzsth
'kCn Biography Hkh ;gh vFkZ nsrk gS - Bio thou Graphy [Link] thou pfjr esa ,d
vksj thou dh LFkwy cká ?kVuk,¡ gSa - dqN jkspd] dqN foLe;dkjhA nwljh vksj fdlh
O;fä ds pfj= dh dqN fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa tks ikBd ds fy, ç[Link];h cu ldrh gSaA thouh
esa thou dh çeq[k ?kVukvksa ds ek/;e ls O;fä ds vkarfjd ekufld fodkl dk fp=.k
fd;k tkrk gSA thouh esa cká vkSj vkarfjd dk lkeatL;[Link] fp=.k gksrk gSA

285
 thouh dh fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa %

d½ thouh mlh O;fä dh fy[kh tkrh gS ftlesa pkfjf=d fo'ks"krk,¡

gksa vkSj yksx ml O;fä ds thou ls ç[Link] xzg.k dj ldsaA bl –f"V ls vke rkSj
ij bfrgkl esa çfl) vkSj vius {ks= esa [;kfr çkIr O;fä;ksa dh gh thouh fy[kh
tkrh gSA vk/kqfud ;qx esa bl utfj, esa dqN ifjorZu vk;k gSA vc lkfgR; esa
vke vkneh }kjk vke vkneh ds fy, fy[kus ij cy gSA u, ;qx esa mu yksxksa dh
thouh Hkh fy[kh tkrh gS] tks [;kruke ugha gSaA

[k½ thouh dk mn~ns'; rHkh iwjk gksxk tc rF; vkSj ?kVukØe

ç[Link] gksaA vU;Fkk og dFkk lkfgR; gksxk] ftlesa vkn'kZ pfj= ;k dFkkuk;d
dh l`f"V dh tkrh gSA thouh dFkk lkfgR; ugha gS] blfy, tc rd og ç[Link]
u gks] yksx mls ç[Link] ugha ekusaxsA ;g ckr ys[kd dh fo'oluh;rk ls Hkh
tqM+rh gSA ys[kd dks pkfg, fd og thouh ds uk;d ¼;k ukf;dk½ ds i=] Mk;jh]
muij fy[ks x, nwljksa ds laLej.k] futh laca/kksa dh ;knsa] laHko gks rks ml O;fä
ls fy, x, HksaV-okrkZyki vkfn dk mi;ksx djsaA
x½ thouh esa uk;d ¼;k ukf;dk½ ds çfr ys[kd esa vknj] J)k
vkSj xoZ dk Hkko gksuk pkfg,] ftlls og vkn'kZ pfj= dh çeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dks
mtkxj dj ldsA ys[kd dk dke bruk gh ugha gS fd og ,sfrgkfld Øe ls
?kVukvksa dk çLrqfrdj.k dj nsA og vkn'kZ pfj= dh mu fo'ks"krkvksa dks <wa<
fudkyrk gS] tks igyh utj esa lkeus ugha vkrsA laosnuk vkSj vkn'kZ pfj= ds
lkFk laca/kksa ds vk/kkj ij dbZ rjg dh thofu;k¡ gksrh gSaA ;s gSa& vkReh; thouh]
yksdfç; thouh] dykRed thouh vkSj euksoSKkfud thouhA

?k½ pkgs ys[kd vkn'kZ pfj= ds fdrus gh fudV D;ksa u gks]

fdrus gh J)kyq D;ksa u gksa] mudk fp=.k rVLFk vkSj fu"i{k gksuk pkfg,A mUgsa
viuh rjQ ls dqN fNikuk ;k c<+kuk ugha pkfg,( mUgsa viuh vksj ls lans'k nsuk
;k fu"d"kZ fudkyuk ugha pkfg,A
M½ [Link] dh rVLFkrk ds ckotwn fp=.k likV u gks vkSj u gh
[Link] mckÅ gksA thoar fp=.k vkSj vkd"kZd 'kSyh lkfgfR;d thofu;ksa dk ije
xq.k gSA

cks/k ç'u 1
1½ thouh dh pkj çeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A
d½ ------------------------------------------------------------------ [k½ ----------------------------------------------------------------
x½ ------------------------------------------------------------------ ?k½ ----------------------------------------------------------------
2½ thouh vkSj js[kkfp= esa çeq[k varj D;k gS\
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286
jkefoykl 'kekZ us fujkyk laca/kh viuh vR;ar egRokdka{kh ;kstuk ds varxZr] tks
^fujkyk dh lkfgR; lk/kuk* uke ls rhu [[Link] esa lEiUu gS] ^fujkyk dh lkfgR;
lk/kuk* Hkkx-1 ds :i esa fujkyk dh lqfoLr`r thouh çLrqr dhA bldk çdk'ku 1969
esa gqvkA jkefoykl 'kekZ Hkys gh fujkyk dh ;g thouh fy[kdj fganh esa thouh ys[kdksa
dh çFke iafä esa vk x, gksa] ysfdu ewyr% os vkykspd vkSj dfo gSaA os viuh lkfgR;]
laL—fr vkSj Hkk"kk laca/kh uhfr;ksa ds fy, i;kZIr fooknkLin Hkh jgsA vKs; }kjk laikfnr
^rkj lIrd* ¼1943½ esa ,d dfo ds :i esa 'kkfey fd, x,A muds vkykspukRed
fuca/kksa dk çdk'ku muds v/;;u dky esa] rhl ds n'kd esa gh gksus yxk FkkA oLrqr%
blh nkSj esa os y[kuÅ esa gh fujkyk ds vkReh; vkSj ?kfu"B laidZ esa vk, vkSj ,d yacs
vjls rd fujkyk ds fudV laidZ esa jgsA y[kuÅ esa vius v/;;u dky esa dkQh le;
os nksuksa ,d lkFk jgsA rhu [[Link] esa lekIr fujkyk laca/kh bl c`gn~ vkSj egRokdka{kh
jpuk esa M‚- 'kekZ us fujkyk ds O;fäRo] thou pfj= vkSj dyk ds lkFk gh muds vkSj
mUgsa fy[ks x, i=ksa dk ladyu Hkh çLrqr fd;k gSA vk/kqfud dfo;ksa esa fujkyk M‚- 'kekZ
dh igyh ilan jgs gSaA blds iwoZ lu 1946 esa Hkh fujkyk ij mudh ,d iqLrd Ni
pqdh Fkh tks vius ijorhZ :i esa] vusd la'kks/kuksa vkSj ifjo/kZuksa ds lkFk] fujkyk-lkfgR;
ds ewY;kadu dh –f"V ls ,d mYys[kuh; —fr ekuh tkrh jgh gSA ysfdu ^fujkyk dh
lkfgR; lk/kuk* viuh ç—fr y{; esa ,d fHkUu] vf/kd [Link] vkSj [Link] jpuk gSA
blds igys [k.M ds çdk'ku ds vxys o"kZ] lu~ 1970 esa] bl ij mUgsa lkfgR; vdkneh
dk iqjLdkj çkIr gqvkA

*fujkyk dh lkfgR; lk/kuk* ds çFke [k.M esa fujkyk dk thou pfj= gSA bldh Hkwfedk
esa ys[kd us bl jpuk ds vius mn~ns'; vkSj bldh ç—fr dh vksj ladsr djrs gq,
fy[kk gS] ^bls fy[krs le; esjk /;ku muds O;fäRo ds v/;;u dh vksj jgk gSA iUæg
v/;k;ksa esa muds O;fäRo dk fo'ys"k.k gS ;g lkfgR;dkj dk thou-pfjr gS] blfy,
blesa fdlh gn rd muds lkfgR; dk ewY;kadu Hkh 'kkfey gS ij ;g iqLrd muds
lkfgR; dh vkykspuk ugha gSA fujkyk ds ikfjokfjd] lkekftd ifjos'k ls] ml ;qx dh
lkaL—frd ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls muds thou ds cká :iksa ds lkFk muds vartZxr ls ikBdksa
dks ifjfpr djkuk esjk mn~ns'; gSA* viuh blh Hkwfedk esa ys[kd us bl vksj Hkh ladsr
fd;k gS fd rF; laxzg vkSj fo'ys"k.k nksuksa –f"V;ksa ls mldh ;g iqLrd fujkyk
laca/kh mldh igyh iqLrd ls ewyr% vkSj rRor% fHkUu gSA blh iqLrd dk igyk v/;k;
^lqtZdqekj frokjh* gekjs v/;;u dk fo"k; gSA vkb,] igys ge thouh ds va'k dk iBu
djsaA

ek?k 'kqDy 11] laor~ 1955] rn~uqlkj 29 Qjojh] 1899 dks jkelgk; rsokjh ds ?kj iq=
tUe gqvkA ml fnu eaxy Fkk( bZ'oj us viuh iwtk ds gh fnu jkelgk; dks iq= dk eq¡g
fn[kk;kA njokts ij ckts cts( ukbZ] /kksch] Mkse oxSjg usx ek¡xus vk,A efg"kkny esa
vo/k ds vkSj ifjokj Hkh jgrs Fks] dbZ ?kj cSlokM+s ds gh yksxksa ds FksA bu lcls fL=;k¡
vkb±( lksgj gksus yxsA FkksM+h nsj ds fy, jkelgk; dks yxk fd og x<+kdksyk esa gh
mRlo euk jgs gSaA [kSj] vHkh u lgh] tSls gh ekSdk feyk] og iqj[kksa dh nsgjh Nqykus
cPps dks xk¡o t:j ys tk,axAs iafMr us dgk - yM+dk gS cM+k HkkX;oku] cM+k uke djsxkA
bldk uke j[kks - lqtZdqekjA 287
 lqtZdqekj vc vkB lky ds gks x, FksA yksxksa ls lqurs fd tusÅ gks tkus ds ckn yM+ds
gj fdlh ds gkFk dk Nqvk [kk-ih ugha ldrsA lqtZdqekj lksprs] vkf[kj tusÅ iguus
ls ,slk D;k gks tk,xk fd eSa nwljs dk Nqvk [kk u ldw¡xkA irqfj;k* ds yM+dksa ls nksLrh
FkhA mlds ;gk¡ vkuk tkuk can djuk iM+sxkA vc rkYyqdnkj Hkxokunhu nqcs ugha FksA
lekt esa bl ifjokj dk eku ?kV x;k FkkA tc rkYyqdnkj us cM+s yM+ds 'ke'ksj cgknqj
dk tusÅ fd;k Fkk] rc czãHkkst esa lc ckEgu 'kkfey gq, FksA ij vc bUgha yksxksa us
muds ;gk¡ [kkuk-ihuk can dj fn;k FkkA irqfj;k ds NksVs yM+ds Qrgcgknqj us
lqtZdqekj ls dgk] ^vHkh rqe gekjs ;gk¡ [kkrs gks] tc tusÅ gks tk,xk] u [kkvksxsA* mUgsa
;g Hkh ;kn fnyk;k fd muds rkYyqdnkj firk us lqtZdqekj ds cM+s pkpk dks tehu
ekQh nh FkhA Qrgcgknqj dh cgu ijkxk us dgk] ^cnyw lqdqy ds ;gk¡ egq, dh yIlh
[kkvksxs] gekjs ;gk¡ gyqvk ughaA* lqtZdqekj us r; fd;k fd tusÅ ds ckn Hkh buds ;gk¡
[kk,¡-ih,¡x]s ns[ksa dksbZ D;k dj ysrk gSA
HkS;kpkj vk,A ;Kksiohr* laLdkj iwjk gqvkA çFkk ds vuqlkj lqtZdqekj us gB fd;k fd
fo|k i<+us tk,¡x(s ek¡ dh txg dkdh us eukrs gq, dgk] csVk eku tkvks] ?kj NksM+dj
er tkvksA iafMrth us ea= i<+sA lqtZdqekj us tusÅ iguk] vc og ckdk;nk f}t gq,A
firk us lko/kku fd;k] ^vc vkt ls] [kcjnkj] irqfj;k ds ?kj dk dqN [kkuk-ihuk erA*
lqtZdqekj dks ;kn vk;k fd irqfj;k eqlyeku gS] mlds yM+ds vius dks iafMr le>rs
gSa] blfy, ek¡ gksus ij Hkh mls Hkkstu nwj ls nsrs gSaA firk ls cksys] ^irqfj;k dk Nqvk rks
mlds yM+ds Hkh ugha [kkrs-ihrsA* jkelgk; us dgk] ^muds gkFk dk Hkh er [kkukA* ij
lqtZdqekj us gqTtr dh ^tc rkYyqdnkj Fks] rc vki yksx mudk Nqvk [kkrs Fks\* bl
ij jkelgk; us Mk¡Vdj dgk] ^ge tSlk dgrs gSa djA*

,d fnu irqfj;k-iq= Qrgcgknqj dq,¡ ij ugk jgs Fks fd m/kj lqtZdqekj fudysA bUgsa
ns[kdj Qrgcgknqj O;aX; ls eqLdjk,A eryc ;g fd vc rqEgkjh fgEer ugha fd gekjs
;gk¡ [kkvks-fi;ksA lqtZdqekj us eryc le>dj dgk] ^HkS;k] ikuh fiyk nhft,A*
Qrgcgknqj us çlUu gksdj ikuh fiyk;k] xk¡o ds tks czkã.k mUgsa viekfur djrs Fks]
muls mUgksaus bl rjg cnyk fy;kA czkã.kksa dks ekywe gqvkA mUgksaus tkdj jkelgk;
ls f'kdk;r dh - ^vkidk yM+dk lcds lkeus irqfj;k ds NksVs yM+ds dk Hkjk ikuh mUgha
ds yksVs ls ih jgk FkkA vHkh uknku gS] blfy, bl nQk ekQ fd, nsrs gSa( fQj vxj
gjdr djrs ns[kk x;k] rks gesa ykpkj gksdj vkils O;ogkj rksM+uk gksxkA* f'kdk;r
lqudj jkelgk; rsokjh dks cM+k Øks/k vk;k] lqtZdqekj dh vPNh rjg ejEer dj
MkyhA ij blls irqfj;k-ifjokj ls lqtZdqekj dk Lusg-laca/k VwVk ughaA dqN fnu ckn
mUgksaus fQj oSlh gh gjdr dhA vkSj ;g pksjh-fNis ugha oju~ [kqydj] ftlls nEHkh
foçoxZ* dks lc-dqN ekywe gks tk,A xk¡o ds eqf[k;k us jkelgk; ls dgk] ^D;k rqe
nwljksa dk /keZ ysuk pkgrs gks\ vkt rqEgkjk yM+dk irqfj;k ds yM+ds ls ys-ysdj Hkqus pus
pck jgk FkkA vkt ls xk¡o ds czkã.kksa esa rqEgkjk O;ogkj can gSA*

jkelgk; rsokjh ds LoHkko esa Øks/k vkSj LokfHkeku dh ek=k cjkcj FkhA blds flok og
lqtZdekj dks I;kj Hkh djrs Fks( Øks/k esa vkdj tc-rc gkFk NksM+ cSBrs Fks ij ;g vkos'k
{[Link] gksrk FkkA tkfr-fcjknjh dh e;kZnk ds fy, og vius I;kjs iq= dh fQj BqdkbZ
djsa] ;g vlaHko FkkA bl ckj mudk lkjk Øks/k eqf[k;k ij cjl iM+kA mUgksaus Mk¡Vdj
dgk] ^rw gekjk ikuh can djsxk\ 'kgj esa gksrs rks ns[krs ge] fdrus vknfe;ksa dk cEcs
dk ikuh vkSj MkDVj dh nok NqM+krs gksA ;gk¡ D;k uke djus dks dkSu-lk dke vkSj xkus
dks Nhrk gjuA* eqf[k;k ls dqN tckc nsrs u cukA viuk-lk eq¡g ysdj pys x,A
288 jkelgk; us csVs dk i{k gh ugha fy;k] eqf[k;k ds fo#) mlh dk fn;k gqvk rdZ Hkh
bLrseky fd;kA lqtZdqekj us gh muls iwNk Fkk] ^tc rkYyqdsnkj Fks] rc vki yksx
mudk Nqvk [kkrs Fks\ jkelgk; us iq= dks Mk¡V fn;k Fkk] ij eu esa mldh rdZ-cqf) ds
dk;y FksA

tusÅ ds ckn lc yksx efg"kkny vk,A jkelgk; us vc lqtZdqekj dh i<+kbZ dh vksj

/;ku fn;kA efg"kkny esa gkbZ Ldwy Fkk ghA mUgksaus lqtZdqekj dks mlh esa HkrhZ djkus dk
fopkj fd;kA 13 flrEcj 1907 dks efg"kkny Ldwy dh d{kk 8 lsD'ku-ch ¼vc ds
fglkc ls rhljh d{kk½ esa lqtZdqekj dk uke fy[kk fn;kA firk vkSj xkftZ;u -
jkelgk; rsokjh( fuokl LFkku - x<+kdksyk] mUuko( is'kk - ukSdjh( ^fjekDlZ* ds [kkus esa
gsMekLVj ts-,u-dqathyky us fy[kk - ^,sMfe'ku Ýh*A jktdeZpkjh dk yM+dk Fkk] HkrhZ
gksus dh Qhl ugha yh xbZA mez nks lky c<+kdj fy[kkbZ xbZ - nl lky vkB eghusA
lqtZdqekj dh Dykl ds nwljs yM+ds T;ksrh"kpUæ] foHkwfrHkw"k.k vkfn pkSngosa] iUægosa lky
esa Fks( lqtZdqekj dk vHkh uok¡ gh py jgk FkkA dn esa yEcs gksus ij Hkh og viuh d{kk
esa lcls de mez okys yM+dksa esa FksA vc rd ?kj esa dksbZ fu;fer i<+kbZ Hkh u gqbZ Fkh]
blfy, ntsZ esa mudk detksj jguk vfuok;Z FkkA

Ldwy esa i<+rs gq, lqtZdqekj rsokjh jktk] vaxzst] teknkj - bu 'kCnksa dk vFkZ le>us
yxsA x<+kdksyk ls efg"kkny fdruk fHkUu gS! dgk¡ og NksVh-lh yksu unh] dgk¡ ;g
fo'kky un :iukjk;.k! gj rjQ ikuh-gh-ikuh fn[kkbZ nsrk gS( ufn;k¡] ukys] rkyksa dh
rks fxurh ughaA mitkÅ /kjrh] gj rjQ o`{k] yrk,¡] ?kkl] Qwy vkSj dk¡Vs] lc csl¡Hkky
c<+r-s QSyrs gq,( f{kfrt rd QSys gq, lqugys /kku ds [ksr] chp esa [ksrksa dks phjrh gqbZ
lM+d] vkl-ikl vkSj f{kfrt ij xgjs gjs jax ds o`{kksa dh ik¡frA n`'; laqnj fdarq
eysfj;k dk çdksi] lkjk {ks= fo"kSys lk¡iksa ls Hkjk gqvkA

jktegy ds pkjksa vksj ç'kLr* m|kuHkwfe] gjh nwc okys cM+-s cM+s ikdZ] ikuh ls Hkjh gqbZ
ifj[kk esa dey] cM+s-cM+s yky xqykcksa ls Hkjk gqvk iwjk ,d eSnku( csyk] tqgh] gjflaxkj]
cdqy] pEik ds _rq-vuqlkj Qwy( vke] tkequ] yhph] Qkyls] vukj] dVgy ds o`{k(
txg-txg ck¡lksa ds >kM+( ukfj;y ds isM+ gj rjQA lqtZdqekj us firk ds lkFk mu
dejksa dh >yd Hkh ns[kh ftuesa tjh ds dke okys oL=] tokgjkr] lksus ds vkHkw"k.k]
dherh crZu j[ks tkrs FksA cM+-s cM+s lanwdksa esa jktdks"k ;gk¡ j[kk jgrk gS] bldk vkHkkl
Hkh mUgsa FkkA egy ds gj fudkl ij igjk jgrk gS] ;g Hkh mUgsa ekywe FkkA pkS/kjh
Hkxokunhu nqcs x<+kdksyk esa rkYyqdsnkj dgykrs Fks( efg"kkny esa mudh gSfl;r ,d
ekewyh ukSdj ls T+;knk u gksrhA efg"kkny jkT; yxHkx pkj lkS oxZehy dk {ks= ?ksjs
gq, Fkk] lkykuk vkenuh ckjg yk[k FkhA rhu yk[k NÙkhl gtkj rks ljdkjh ekyxqtkjh
nsuh gksrh FkhA

,d fnu lqtZdqekj us firk ls dgk] ^rqEgkjs ekrgr** brus flikgh gSa] rqe bl jktk dks
ywV D;ksa ugha ysrs\* jkelgk; dks 'kd gqvk fd muds csVs dks fdlh nq'eu us cjxyk;k
gSA mUgksaus iwNk - fdlus fl[kk;k gS\ lqtZdqekj us ftruk gh badkj fd;k] mruk gh
mudk 'kd iDdk gksrk x;kA mUgksaus yM+ds dks cgqr ekjk] bruk ekjk fd lqtZdqekj
csgks'k gks x,A jktk bZ'ojçlkn us jkelgk; dks vius ;gk¡ ukSdj j[kk Fkk] muds iq=
lrhçlkn ij jkelgk; dh lgt eerk FkhA vc og lkB ds utnhd igq¡p jgs FksA bl
mez esa jktk ds f[kykQ cxkor\ iq= ij Øks/k djuk LokHkkfod FkkA fQj jktk {kf=;
u gksdj czkã.k FksA vycÙkk dkU;dqCt u Fks] lj;wikjh.k gh Fks] ij Fks rks czkã.kA iNk¡g
ls mudk laca/k FkkA ?kj ds yksx lkQ fganh cksyrs FksA gj –f"V ls lqtZdqekj dk lq>ko
mUgsa fdlh 'k=q dk jpk gqvk "kMîa= gh yxkA 289
 lqtZdqekj dks jkg ij ykus ds fy, mUgksaus ,d dke vkSj fd;kA vius xq#th ds ikl
ys tkdj mUgsa xq#ea= fnyk yk,] lqtZdqekj vkSj vius Hkrhts cnywçlkn dk Hkfo";
lq[kh cukus ds fy, mUgksaus x<+kdksyk okyk ?kj u;s fljs ls cuok;kA u;k ?kj Hkh dPpk
Fkk] ij cM+k Fkk vkSj ifjokj ds jgus yk;d FkkA

lqtZdqekj ds fnu ets esa dV jgs FksA Ldwy esa HkrhZ gksus ls muds [ksydwn esa dksbZ
rCnhyh u gqbZ FkhA eqgYys esa yM+fd;k¡ gSa] mUgsa ns[kuk vPNk yxrk gS] lqtZdqekj ;g
le>us yxs FksA dkslZ dh fdrkcsa vPNh u yxrh Fkha ij baætky dh iksFkh i<+dj ekj.k]
eksgu] mPpkVu] o'khdj.k ds ckjs esa og cgqr dqN tku x, FksA ,d fnu bUætky dh
iksFkh ds vuqlkj mUgksaus ea= fl) djus dk fopkj fd;kA jkr ds ukS cts gksaxAs og HkkHkh
dh dksBjh esa Fks fd NNw¡nj fn[kkbZ nhA mUgksaus mBdj rqjar fdokM+ can fd,] fQj /kksrh
mrkjdj Qsad nh] gkFk esa twrk ysdj NNw¡nj ds ihNs nkSM+us yxsA mYVs twrs ls NNw¡nj
ekjuh FkhA cM+h eqf'dy ls ekj ik,A fQj gk¡Mh esa Hkjdj mls ckgj xkM+ vk,A ykSVdj
/kksrh iguhA

fL=;ksa esa ppkZ gksus yxh fd lqtZdqekj dks ea=-fl) gS] mudh >kM+-Qwad ls jksxh vPNs
gks tkrs gSaA iM+ksl esa lqdqykbu uke dh ;qorh dks ;g lc <ksax ekywe gqvkA mUgksaus
viuh 'kadk lqtZdekj dh HkkHkh ds lkeus çdV dhA HkkHkh us lqtZdqekj dks yydkjk -
^yksx dgrs gSa] rq>s ta=-ea= dqN ugha vkrk] rw <ksax djrk gSA* lqtZdqekj us fl) iq#"k
dh rjg vkRefo'okl ls tokc fn;k] ^ftldks fo'okl u gks] vktek ysA HkkHkh us dgk
fd lqdqykbu dks viuh djkekr fn[kkvksA lqtZdqekj ,d dusj dk Qwy rksM+ yk, vkSj
cksys - ^eSa ea= i<+dj ;g nwaxkA bls ysuk gksxkA cl] blds ckn eSa fl) gw¡ ;k ugha] ns[k
ysukA* HkkHkh Qwy ysus ls Mjh] lqdqykbu ls dgk] Qwy ys yksA og cksyha] ^Qwy ysus ls
D;k gksxk\* lqtZdqekj us tokc fn;k] ^ea= ds tksj ls ges'kk esjs ihNs yxs jguk gksxkA
eSa tgk¡-tgk¡ tkÅ¡xk] ihNs-ihNs tkuk gksxkA* lqdqykbu dh fgEer iLr gks xbZA HkkHkh
ls cksyh] ^HkbZ] eSa cgu gw¡] eSa dSls Qwy ys yw¡\ rqe HkkHkh gks] rqedks mruk nks"k ughaA* bl
rjg dusj dk Qwy fn[kkus ls gh lqtZdqekj bl ekj.k-mPpkVu ;q) esa fot;h gq,A

jkelgk; rd ;s ckrsa igq¡ph gksa pkgs ugha] dqyjhfr ds vuqlkj iq= dk C;kg dj nsuk
t:jh FkkA vHkh mez ckjg ds vkl-ikl Fkh] C;kg dh dksbZ tYnh u Fkh] ij xk¡o esa
yM+dksa dk C;kg bl mez rd dj fn;k tkrk FkkA MyeÅ esa jke-n;ky f}osnh ds ;gk¡
ckr iDdh gqbZ yM+dh dh mez djhc X;kjg lkyA

jkelgk; xk¡o vk, vkSj lqtZdqekj ds C;kg dh rS;kjh 'kq: gks xbZA lkr lqgkfxuksa us ,d
lkFk ewly idM+dj /kku dwVs] ,d lkFk njsrh dk [kwVk idM+dj mM+n nysA mM+n dh
nky fHkxksbZ xbZA jkelgk; dks cw<+h HkkStkbZ ds lkFk pkSds ij fcBk;k x;kA nksuksa dh xk¡B
tksM+h xbZ vkSj nksuksa us nky ihlus dh jLe iwjh dhA fQj mM+n dh /kksbZ nky ds cM+s
rys x;sA xs: ls njokts ij ek¡bZ cukbZ xbZa] mUgsa cM+h-Hkkr f[kyk;k x;kA gj jkst
<ksyd ctrh] xhr gksrsA ukbu lqtZdqekj ds mcVu yxkrhA vkf[kj fudklh dk fnu
vk;kA lqtZdqekj dks gkFk-iSjksa esa dM+s iguk;s x;s] xys esa daBk] ihyh /kksrh] ihyk tkek]
ihyh ixM+h igukbZ xbZA flj ij ekSj j[kk x;kA >S;e->S;e djrs cjkr x<+kdksyk ls
jokuk gqbZA
MyeÅ igq¡pus ij cjkfr;ksa dks fepZoku fiykbZ xbZ] fQj uk'rs ds fy, iwfM+;k¡ vkb±A
cjkfr;ksa us gkFk-eq¡g /kks;k] uk'rk fd;k] diM+s cnysA vxokuh gqbZA g¡lh-etkd djrs
yksx fQj tuokls ykSV vk,A dqN nsj ckn Hkk¡ojksa ds fy, cqykok vk;kA eaMi ds uhps
290
iafMr us ea= i<+s] lqtZdqekj vkSj euksgjknsoh dh xk¡B tksMh xbZA nksuksa us Hkk¡ojsa ?kwehA
fQj nsorkvksa ds lkeus oj-o/kw us ,d-nwljs dks ngh-crk'ks f[kyk,A euksgjknsoh ?kw¡?kV
ekjs Fkha] lqtZdqekj mudk eq¡g ns[kus esa vlQy jgsA nwljs fnu Hkkr ds le; lqtZdekj
us fL=;ksa dks xkfy;k¡ xkrs lqukA 'kke dks NksVh c<+kj vkSj rhljs fnu cM+h c<+kj ds le;
Hkh ;g flyflyk tkjh jgkA C;kg gks x;k ij cgw vius ek;ds gh jghA lqtZdqekj firk
vkSj cjkfr;ksa ds lkFk x<+kdksyk okil vk,A ogk¡ dqN fnu jgus ds ckn lc yksx fQj
efg"kkny vk x,A

lqtZdqekj efg"kkny esa fQj igys tSlk thou fcrkus yxsA [ksy-dwn esa T;knk le;
igys gh tkrk Fkk] vc i<+us esa eu vkSj Hkh de yxrk! vc og QqVcky ds vPNs
f[kykM+h gks x;sA rSjus esa dq'ky FksA ukVd ns[kus esa mUgsa fo'ks"k vkuan vkrk FkkA egy
ds ikl gh ukVî'kkyk Fkh tgk¡ jktk lrhçlkn tc-rc ukVd djkrs FksA c¡xyk ukVd
^r#ckyk* esa lqtZdqekj us ,d ^fganqLrkuh* dk ikVZ fd;kA dqN fnu ckn ogk¡ LVkj
fFk;sVj vk;kA mlds jaxeap dh ped-ned] vfHkusrkvksa vkSj vfHkusf=;ksa ds BkV-ckV
ns[kdj lqtZdqekj dks yxk - lcls cf<+;k thou bUgha dk gSA ukVd] [ksy dwn ds lkFk
lqtZdqekj us vius 'kjhj dks lq–<+ vkSj lqanj cukus dh vksj /;ku fn;kA efg"kkny dk
okrkoj.k gh ,slk FkkA gj flikgh FkksM+h-cgqr MaM-cSBd djrk FkkA nwljs jktk-jbZlksa dh
rjg egkjkt lrhçlkn xxZ ds ;gk¡ Hkh vPNs-vPNs igyoku FksA Lo;a egkjkt lrhçlkn
vius ijkØe ds fy, çfl) FksA
lqtZdqekj dljr djrs] cknke Nkurs] jkek;.k i<+rs vkSj fe=ksa ls xi yM+krsA jktegy
ds lkeus tks cM+h ugj Fkh] ml ij dydÙkk tkus okys LVhej ns[krs] fdf'r;ksa esa yksx
eky <ksdj ykrs] NksVk-lk cktkj] tSlk mUgksaus vius xk¡o ls dqN nwj iqjok esa ns[kk Fkk]
Ldwy ds ikl rky ds fdukjs cSBdj fe=ksa ls lqurs] dSls blh fenukiqj ftys esa çfl)
miU;kldkj cafdepUæ ljdkjh vQlj Fks vkSj ;gk¡ vius ,d-nks miU;kl Hkh mUgksaus
fy[ks FksA caxkyh tkfr egku~ gS] c¡xyk Hkk"kk ds leku Hkkjr dh dksbZ Hkk"kk ugha gS]
johUæukFk lalkj ds loZJs"B dfo gSa] lqtZdqekj caxkyh ugha ^fganqLrkuh* gSa] ;g lc Kku
,aVªsUl ijh{kk nsus ls igys gh fe=ksa us mUgsa djk fn;kA lqtZdqekj c¡xyk dh vis{kk fganh
gh T;knk tkurs FksA mudk eu Hkfä-lkfgR; vkSj Ük`axkj-jl dh dfork] nksuksa esa gh
jerk FkkA mUgksaus cztHkk"kk dh dkQh dfork i<+ Mkyh FkhA in~ekdj muds fç; dfo FksA
mudh lkuqçkl 'kCnkoyh] Ük`[Link] esa Hkh vkstxq.k dk iqV] lqtZdqekj dks fo'ks"k ilan
FkkA in~ekdj ds Ük`[Link] dh fp=e;rk mudk eu eksg ysrh FkhA Lej.k-'kfä vPNh
Fkh] fo'ks"kdj tgk¡ 'kCn ;kstuk lqanj gks vkSj Ük`axkj ds fp= [khaps x;s gksaA lqanj dfo
us jktk dh yM+dh fo|k ls çse fd;k] jktk us mls ç[Link] fn;kA tc çgjh mls lwyh
nsus ys tk jgs Fks rc og vius vkSj fo|k ds çse lac/a k ij Nan i<+rk gqvk jktçklkn
ds lkeus ls fudykA muesa ,d Nan ;g Fkk%

jktk us Nanksa ij eqX/k gksdj ç[Link] dh vkKk jí dj nhA lqtZdqekj dks ^fo|k lqanj*
dh dgkuh cgqr ilan vkbZA ^pkSj iapkf'kdk* dk mi;qZä Nan og [kwc jl ysdj
xquxqukrs jgrsA
291
 C;kg gq, nks o"kZ chr x;s FksA lksyg ds utnhd igq¡p jgs FksA yksx dgrs Fks] daB QwV
vk;k] elsa Hkhxus yxha] cxysa fudy vkbZa] vc xkSuk dj nsuk pkfg,A lqtZdqekj viuh
jkus ns[krs] cksry tSlh <yh gqbZ yxrhaA dej ckfy'r Hkj] lhuk [kwc pkSM+k] flj ij ?kus
dkys cky]xksjk jax] enHkjh vk¡[ksa] lqtZdqekj viuh gh Nfo ij eqX/k gks tkrsA lkFk gh
dudpEidnkexkSjh fo|k dk fp= Hkh vk¡[kksa ds lkeus ?kwe tkrkA jkelgk; rsokjh us
rS fd;k fd yM+ds dk xkSuk dj nsuk pkfg, vkSj cgw dks efg"kkny ys vkuk pkfg,A

i= dks ysdj jkelgk; x<+kdksyk ig¡ps] ogk¡ ls xkSuk ysus MyeÅ x,A lqtZdqekj dh
llqjky esa bl ckr dh cM+h ppkZ Fkh fd xkSus ds ckn fcfV;k ijnsl cM+h nwj caxky -
pyh tk,xhA oj-o/kw dh xk¡B tksM+dj muls tc iwtk djkbZ tk jgh Fkh] rc ?kj dh
,d o`)k us dgk] nkekn toku] fcfV;k toku] ijnsl ys tkrs gSa rks ys tkus nksA* yksx
mUgsa toku le>rs gSa ;g tkudj lqtZdqekj dks fo'ks"k çlUurk gqbZA xkSuk gqvkA cgw
dks fcnk djkds jkelgk; xk¡o vk;sA nqHkkZX; ls ogk¡ mu fnuksa Iysx dh chekjh QSyh gqbZ
FkhA yksx ?kjksa ls fudydj ckx esa >ksaiM+s Mkydj jgrs FksA egq, ds isM+ ds uhps ,d
>ksaiM+s esa lqtZdqekj dk fcLrj yxk;k x;kA thou esa igyh ckj mUgsa ukjh-nsg ds Li'kZ
dk lq[kn vuqHko gqvkA euksgjknsoh dqy rsjg lky dh FkhA
xkSuk ysdj vk;s vHkh pkj-ik¡p fnu gh chrs Fks fd lqtZdqekj ds llqj viuh fcfV;k
fcnk djkus vk igq¡psA xk¡o esa chekjh QSyh gS ;g mUgsa ekywe FkkA csVh dks cgqr I;kj
djrs Fks] Mj Fkk fd egkekjh esa mls dqN gks u tk;sA yM+dh ds ;gk¡ yksx [kkrs ugha gSa]
jken;ky nqcs us x<+kdksyk esa ikuh Hkh u fi;kA fcnk ds fy, tYnh dhA jkelgk; dks
cgqr cqjk yxkA caxky ls bruk #i;k [kpZ djds vk;s gSa] yM+dk ik¡p fnu Hkh cgw ds
lkFk u jg ik;kA nqcs yM+dh ds LokLF; dh fpark ds dkj.k bruh tYnh vk;s gSa] ;g
lkspdj mUgsa vkSj Hkh Øks/k vk;kA vkf[kj egkekjh dk Mj muds csVs ds fy, Hkh gSA
fcfV;k ds fy, cM+k Mj yxk] nkekn ds ckjs esa dqN u lkspkA Øks/kh LoHkko ds Fks ghA
cksys - ys tkvks viuh fcfV;k] ge yM+ds dk nwljk C;kg dj ysaxAs nqcsth dqN Å¡pk
lqurs FksA le/kh dh iwjh ckr le>s fcuk fcfV;k dks fcnk djkds py fn;sA ij fcfV;k
us lkjh ckr lquh vkSj le> yh FkhA

euksgjknsoh ls mudh ek¡ ikoZrhnsoh us lc gky lquk rks cgqr ijs'kku gqbZA esjh nks nk¡r
dh yM+dh] mlds lkeus nwljs C;kg dh ckr! mUgksaus iafMr jkelgk; ds uke fpëh
fHktokbZ] dlwj ds fy, ekQh ek¡xh] nkekn dks xogha nsus ds fy, fueaf=r fd;kA xkSuk
gks tkus ds ckn xogha dh jLe gksrh gSA oj llqjky tkdj dqN g¶rs ;k eghus ogk¡
jgrk gSA fQj cgw dks fcnk djkds vius ?kj vkrk gSA

jkelgk; dks çLrko ilan vk;kA yM+ds ls llqjky tkus dks dgkA le/kh ls cnyk ysus
ds fy, rkdhn dj nh] ;gk¡ ls frxquk [kkukA lqtZdqekj llqjky tkus dks rS;kj cSBs FksA
firk dh vkKk rqjar Lohdkj dj yhA dgk fd ?kh vkSj cknke dh ek=k frxquh dj nsax!s
vQlksl bl ckr dk fd;k fd ogk¡ csnkuk feyrk ugha] oukZ 'kjcr esa gh jkst rhu #i;s
[kpZ djk nsrsA jkelgk; us lq>k;k] :g dh ekfy'k djkuk jkst] gks'k nq#Lr gks tk,axsA
cki-csVs ?kqy-?kqydj cfr;kus yxs] jken;ky nqcs dks dSls Ndk;sa] bl ckjs esa nksuksa us
"kMîa=dkfj;ksa dh rjg ;kstuk cukbZA bl le; mUgsa ns[kdj dksbZ ;g u dgrk fd
bUgha jkelgk; us dHkh csVs dh ejEer Hkh dh gksxhA

xogha dh rS;kjh gqbZA cDls esa /kjkÅ diM+ksa ds vykok ,d tksM+h twrs Hkh j[k fy;sA
cSlokM+s dh /kwy esa twrs csvkc gks tkrs] llqjky esa iguus yk;d u jgrsA MyeÅ
292
dydÙkk u Fkk ij x<+kdksyk dks ns[krs rks dLck FkkA lqtZdqekj dks viuh ukxfjd
lH;rk ls llqjky okyksa dks çHkkfor djuk Fkk] og cSlokM+s ds dksbZ ,sls oSls nsgkrh gwl
ugha gSa] ;g crkuk FkkA caxkyh <ax ls dherh 'kkafriqjh /kksrh ck¡/kh] ml ij deht iguh]
Nkrk fy;k vkSj LVs'ku ds fy, jokuk gq,A xkM+h 'kke ds pkj cts vkrh Fkh ij LVs'ku
nwj Fkk] blfy, <kbZ cts ?kj ls fudysA cSyxkM+h dk bartke u Fkk] iSny gh LVs'ku
pysA pfUædk yks/k dks f[knerxkj cukdj igys gh lkeku ds lkFk LVs'ku Hkst fn;k
FkkA

lwjt Mwcrs MyeÅ LVs'ku vk;kA pfUædk ls lkeku mBokdj pys rks xsV ij fVdV
DysDVj ds ikl ,d ukStoku us iwNk] dgk¡ tkb,xk\ 'ksjanktiqj dk uke lqudj mlus
dgk] vkb;s gekjk bDdk gSA fdlds ;gk¡ tkuk gS] ;g Hkh mlus ekywe dj fy;kA
lqtZdqekj us ns[kk] fpdukbZ tqYQksa ij nqify;k Vksih yxk;s] ewaNs ,saBs] fpdu ds dqrsZ ij
okLdV igus] gkFk esa csar fy;s xk¡o dk NSyk tSlk yxrk gSA mUgksaus ;g Hkh uksV fd;k
fd og Hkh dkyh e[keyh fdukjs dh dydfr;k /kksrh igus gSA iSjksa esa esjBh twrs gSaA bl
O;fä dk uke iFkokjhnhu Hkê mQZ dqYyh HkkV FkkA
lqtZdqekj fdlds bDds ij cSBdj vk;s gSa] ;g lekpkj muds llqjky igq¡pus ds lkFk
lkFk-lkl dks fey x;kA xyhpk-fcNs iy¡x ij cSBs gh Fks fd mUgksaus iwNk] D;ksa Hkb;k
rqe dqYyh ds ,Dds ij vk;s gks\ mUgha ds bDds ij vk;s gSa] ckr iDdh gksus ij lkl
us yEch lk¡l yhA lqtZdqekj ds yEcs ygjkrs cky vkSj dksaNnkj /kksrh ns[kdj cSlokM+s
ds yksx ;gh dgrs - tukuk gSA ogh Hkko lkl dk FkkA 'kjcr-ikuh ds ckn mUgksaus
jkelgk; dh rh[kh vkykspuk dh] vxj mUgksaus lqtZdqekj dk nwljk C;kg dj fn;k rks
blls firk-iq= dh tks nqxZfr gksxh - bl tUe esa vkSj mlds ckn - mldk ltho fp=
[khap fn;kA lkFk gh mUgksaus viuh iq=h ds :i xq.k dh ç'kalk Hkh dkQh dhA nkekn dks
i<+krs gq, dgk - eSaus rqEgkjk gh eq¡g ns[kdj C;kg fd;k gS] rqEgkjs firk dh rksan ns[kdj
ughaA

lqtZdqekj vkKkdkjh nkekn dh rjg lc-dqN lqurs jgsA firk dk i{k ysdj mUgksaus
yM+kbZ djuk mfpr u le>kA firk us nwljs C;kg dh /kedh nsdj Bhd fd;k gS] ,slk
–<+ fo'okl Hkh mUgsa ugha FkkA jkr esa iRuh ds vkus ij fn;s ds çdk'k esa igyh ckj
mUgksaus euksgjknsoh dh Nfo ns[khA ij ek¡ dh rjg csVh us Hkh loky fd;k] ^rqe dqYyh
ds ,Dds ij vk;s gks\*

lcsjk gksrs gh dqYyh vkdj lqtZdqekj dks iwN x;sA vHkh og lks jgs FksA lkl us nkekn
dks psrkouh nh] muds lkFk jgus ij rqEgkjh cnukeh gks ldrh gSA blls feyks] mlls
u feyks - ;g lc lqtZdqekj dks vPNk u yxrk FkkA x<+kdksyk esa cki dgrs Fks] irqfj;k
ds yM+dksa ls u feyk djks] ;gk¡ lkl dgrh gSa] dqYyh ls u feyA ij ,sls yksxksa ls feyus
esa gh mUgsa fo'ks"k vkuan vkrk FkkA dqYyh vk;s] MyeÅ ds bfrgkl ds ckjs esa ckr dhaA
'kke dks xaxk dk ?kkV] iqjkuk fdyk oxSjg fn[kkus dks dgkA lkl us euk fd;k ij
bUgksaus ftn dhA lkl us pfUædk dks lkFk Hkst fn;kA

dqYyh us b'kkjk fd;k pfUædk dks fcnk dj nsuk pkfg,A lqtZdqekj us mls :g [kjhnus
Hkst fn;kA fdys esa ,d LFkku mUgsa cgqr ilan vk;kA dkQh Å¡pkbZ ij ckjgnjh cuh Fkh
vkSj uhps xaxk cgrh FkhA uhps mrjus ds fy, lhf<+;k¡ cukbZ xbZ Fkha ftuesa dqN vc Hkh
cph gqbZ FkhaA dqYyh us lqtZdqekj ls xkus dks dgkA xys dh rkjhQ dhA ^^iku Hkh D;k
[kwclwjr cukrk gS rqEgsa! rqEgkjs gksaB Hkh xtc ds gSaA iku dh ckjhd ydhj] D;k dgw¡]
293
 'ke'ksj cu tkrh gSA** dqYyh ds ç'kalk-okD; lqudj lqtZdqekj çlUu eu ?kj ykSVsA
jkLrs esa pfUædk dks le>k fn;k] rqEgkjh ukuh iwNs rks dguk] ge lkFk FksA

lkl dks ;g irk yxkrs nsj u gqbZ fd lqtZdekj fdyk ns[kus x, rc pfUædk lkFk u
FkkA mUgksaus [Link] mBkdj pfUædk ls dgk] ^^ns[k] nfgtkj yks/k! Hkys vkneh dh rjg
Bhd-Bhd crk] ugha rks og [Link] fn;k fd eq¡g Vs<+k gks x;kA**
pfUædk vius ekfyd lqtZdqekj dks idM+dj jksus yxkA cksyk - ^ckck] eSa u jgw¡xkA iwNus
ij ekywe gqvk fd pfUædk dks :g ysus ds cgkus vyx djus dk jkt lkl dks ekywe
gks pqdk gSA lqtZdqekj us rS fd;k] ncuk ugha gSA pfUædk ls :g dh ekfy'k djus dks
dgkA pfUædk tc - lqtZdqekj ds lhus ij :g ey jgk Fkk] rHkh llqj jken;ky nqcs
[kq'kcw ds lgkjs vk igq¡ps vkSj cksys] ^^vj?kkusa mB jgh gSa cPpk! bruk b=-Qqyy s u
yxk;k djksA** lkl us vkdj iwNk] :g dh ekfy'k ls D;k gksrk gS\ nkekn us tokc
fn;k] lhuk rxM+k gksrk gSA bl ij mUgksaus cM+k Vs<+k loky fd;k] ^^rqEgkjs firkth
ru[okg fdruh ikrs gSa\** ru[okg bruh de Fkh fd lqtZdqekj lgh ckr dgus esa
'kjek;sA dwVuhfr dk lgkjk ysdj cksys] ^^firkth dh vkenuh dh fdruh lwjrsa gSa D;k
dgw¡! mudh vkenuh dc fdruh gks tk,xh] dgk¡ ls] dSls] fdlls] ;g ogh ugha crk
ldrsA** bl ij lkl jksus yxhaA jkelgk; :g ls csVs dh ekfy'k djk;sa ij mudh csVh
ds fy, p<+kok ,slk ekewyh yk,! ,sls ?kj esa csVh C;kgus ij [kqn gh iNrkus yxha - ^^vjs
jke js! eq>s D;k gks x;k] tks eSaus 'kknh dh!**
jkr dks iRuh us fojks/k fd;kA b=-Qqyy s yxkuk fdlku ifjokjksa esa vPNk u le>k
tkrk FkkA euksgjknsoh us dgk] b= dh bruh rst [kq'kcw gS fd 'kk;n vkt vk¡[k u
yxsxhA lqtZdqekj us pqVdqyk lquk;kA ,d eNqvkbu dks unh ls ykSVrs nsj gks xbZ] jkLrs
esa jktk dh Qqyokjh iM+rh Fkh] mlh esa lks jgh] ij Qwyksa dh egd ls uhan u vkbZA
eNyh okyh Vksdjh fljgkus j[kh] rc uhan vkbZA iRuh us fcxM+dj dgk] ^^rks eSa
eNqvkbu gw¡\ eSa eNyh-dfy;k [kkrh gw¡\** lqtZdqekj us tokc fn;k] ^^vius cky lw¡?kks]
rsy dh ,slh phdV vkSj cncw gS fd dHkh-dHkh ekywe nsrk gS fd rqEgkjs eq¡g ij dS dj
nw¡A** euksgjknsoh us vkSj rst gksdj dgk] ^^rks D;k eSa [Link] gw¡ tks gj oä cuko-flaxkj
ds ihNs iM+h jgw¡\** vkSj og mBdj py nhaA
lqtZdqekj us xk¡o esa irqfj;k dk Ük`axkj ns[kk FkkA ;|fi og mez esa cgqr cM+h Fkh vkSj
mlds yM+ds Hkh lqtZdqekj ls cM+s Fks] fQj Hkh Fkh rks og irqfj;kA og xk¡o dh fL=;ksa
ls vyx fu[kj-l¡oj dj jgrh FkhA mlds vykok efg"kkny esa xkf;dkvksa] lqanj fL=;ksa
dh deh u Fkh] mudh çlk/ku-dyk dks xk¡o dh fL=;k¡ dgk¡ ikrha\ euksgjknsoh us vius
ifr dh #fp Hkk¡idj gh ekuks dgk Fkk] rks D;k eSa [Link] gw¡ tks cuko-flaxkj ds ihNs iM+h
jgwa\
lqtZdqekj dks yx jgk Fkk] iRuh muds vf/kdkj esa iwjh rjg ugha vk jghA ,d fnu
mudk xkuk lquk] yksxksa dks muds xkus dh ç'kalk djrs lqukA ftls ns[kks ogh
euksgjknsoh dh ppkZ dj jgk Fkk] ekuks lqtZdqekj ml ?kj esa gksa gh ughaA euksgjknsoh us
Hktu xk;k%

rqylhnkl dh 'kCn-;kstuk bruh lqanj gS] lqtZdqekj ds /;ku esa ;g ckr igys u vkbZ
294 FkhA tc euksgjknsoh us xk;k%
 rc lqtZdqekj dks yxk] xys esa e`nax ct jgk gSA

euksgjknsoh ds daB ls rqylhnkl dk ;g Nan lqudj lqtZdqekj ds u tkus dkSu-ls lksrs

laLdkj tkx mBsA lkfgR; bruk lqanj gS] laxhr bruk vkd"kZd gS] mudh vk¡[kksa us tSls
u;k lalkj ns[kk] dkuksa us ,slk laxhr lquk tks ekuks bl i`Foh ij nwj fdlh yksd ls
vkrk gksA viuh bl foy{k.k vuqHkwfr ij og Lo;a pfdr jg x,A vius lkSan;Z ij tks
vfHkeku Fkk] og pwj-pwj gks x;kA ,slk gh dqN xk;sa] ,slk dqN jpdj fn[kk;sa] rc thou
lkFkZd gksA ij ;gk¡ fof/kor~ u lkfgR; dh f'k{kk feyh] u laxhr dhA

lqtZdqekj dks i<+kbZ dk /;ku vk;kA fcnk djkds xk¡o vk,] xk¡o ls efg"kknyA Ldwy
tkus dk Øe fQj 'kq: gqvkA vc ,d dfBukbZ vkSj gks xbZ Fkh] fdrkc ysdj cSBrs rks
i`"Bksa ls v{kj xk;c gks tkrs vkSj mudh txg euksgjknsoh dh Nfo rSjus yxrhA
in~ekdj ds dfoÙkksa dk vFkZ vc vkSj Hkh vPNh rjg le> esa vkus yxkA ,UVªsal ijh{kk
ds fnu utnhd vk,A ijh{kk esa ikl u gks ik;sax]s lqtZdqekj dks fu'p; gks x;k FkkA
[Link] ds fnu og dkih esa in~ekdj ds Ük`axkj jl okys dfoÙk fy[kdj ?kj pys vk;sA

tSl-s tSls ijh{kkQy fudyus ds fnu ikl vkus yxs] oSls-oSls lqtZdqekj ds eu esa Ük`axkj
ds cnys oSjkX; ds Hkko mn; gksus yxsA jkek;.k dk ikB og vkSj Hkh euks;ksx ls djus
yxsA ij blls dksbZ ykHk u gqvkA lQy fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa dgha mudk uke u FkkA jkelgk;
rsokjh us le> fy;k] yM+dk vkokjk gks x;k] ltk fn, fcuk dke u pysxkA cqykdj
dgk] tks dqN i<+uk Fkk] i<+ pqds] geus viuk QtZ iwjk fd;k] vc viuh esgfj;k laHkkyks
vkSj dekvks-[kkvksA
mUgksaus cgw dk lkjk xguk j[kok fy;k] lqtZdqekj ds /kjkÅ diM+s j[kok fy;sA HkkX; ds
lgkjs dekus-[kkus ds fy, ?kj ls ckgj dj fn;kA lqtZdqekj ds eu dks ,d pksV yxh
ijh{kk esa Qsy gksus dhA [kSj] ikl gksus dh rks oSls Hkh cgqr vk'kk u FkhA nwljh pksV vc
;g ?kj ls fudkys tkus dh] og Hkh vdsys ugha] iRuh ds lkFkA dgk¡ tk,¡] fdlls ukSdjh
ek¡xsa\ efg"kkny NksM+ vHkh nwljh txg fo'ks"k ifjp; u FkkA dydÙks esa b/kj-m/kj
HkVdus ij dqN-u-dqN dke fey tkrk ij iRuh dks fy;s-fy;s dgk¡ ?kwea\s ,d gh jkLrk
FkkA fdlh rjg llqjky igq¡pdj ogha 'kj.k ysaA lqtZdekj nq[kh eu ls iRuh dks fy;s
MyeÅ igq¡psA lkl us lkjk gky lquk] lgkuqHkwfr çdV dhA jkelgk; ds O;ogkj ls og
igys gh ukjkt Fkha] og taxyh gwl gSa] bl ?kVuk ls mudh ;g jk; vkSj Hkh iDdh gks
xbZA lqtZdqekj firk dh vkykspuk lqudj pqi jgsA ftl ?kj esa :g dh ekfy'k djkds
mUgksaus viuh ukxfjd lH;rk dk ifjp; fn;k Fkk] mlh esa nhu-eyhu os'k esa fuBYys
nkekn dh rjg mUgsa vkJ; ysuk iM+kA vc muls dgus dh t:jr u Fkh] dqYyh ds ;gk¡
er tkukA dqYyh dk lkFk djds og lkl dks ukjkt u djuk pkgrs FksA ikoZrh nsoh
dkQh lgkuqHkwfr ls is'k vkb±A csVh ds fy, u, fljs ls xgus vkSj nkekn ds fy, diM+s
cuok,] vkSj ckrsa nj-fdukj] dLcs esa [kqn viuh bTtr dk loky FkkA
lqtZdqekj Hkfo"; dh fpark djuk NksM+dj iRuh ds lkFk lq[k ls fnu fcrkus yxsA vc
mUgsa muds ckyksa ;k os'kHkw"kk ls dksbZ f'kdk;r u jghA mudh iRuh fdruh deZB gS vkSj
og Lo;a fdrus fudEes gSa] bldk cks/k mUgsa gksus yxkA Ng eghus chr x,A cki-csVk
nksuksa ftíhA vkf[kj jkelgk; rsokjh gh >qdsA [kqn MyeÅ vk, vkSj csVs-cgw dks xk¡o
fyok yk,A
295
 euksgjknsoh lk/oh efgyk FkhaA mudh ek¡ yEcs dn] [Link] dh lrst O;fäRo okyh nsoh
FkhaA ek¡ ds leku euksgjknsoh lqanj FkhaA ij og viuk le; Ük`axkj-çlk/ku esa u [kpZ
djrh FkhaA ml le; rd xk¡o esa Øhe-ikmMj dh igq¡p u gqbZ FkhA euksgjknsoh jksVh
cukrha] crZu ek¡trha] Vksyk iM+ksl ds yksxksa ds fy, fpëh fy[krhaA bu fpëh fy[kkus
okyksa esa ,d lk¡oyk pekj ;qod Fkk - prqjhA og ngyht+ esa cSBdj jkek;.k i<+rha] ckgj
pcwrjs ij lqtZdqekj ds dkdk jkeyky cSBdj lquk djrsA dHkh-dHkh og Hktu xkrha
vkSj prqjh Hkh exu eu lqurk jgrkA

lqtZdqekj dks ,d fnDdr FkhA euksgjknsoh 'kkdkgkjh Fkha vkSj lqtZdqekj dks xks'r [kkus
dk 'kkSd FkkA oSls og xq#eq[k gks pqds Fks ij ykM+-I;kj esa iys csVs us eu dh bPNkvksa
dk neu djuk u lh[kk FkkA euksgjknsoh us dgk - ^^foJke-lkxj esa fy[kk gS fd ek¡l
[kkus ls cM+k iki gksrk gS] rqe ekal [kkuk NksM+ nksA** muds dgus ls lqtZdqekj us ekal
[kkuk NksM+ fn;kA ekal NksM+us ds dkj.k gks vFkok iRuh ds lkFk jgus ls gks] lqtZdqekj
cgqr nqcys gks x,A ,d fnu m?kkjs cnu tc ugkus tk jgs Fks] rc xk¡o ds ,d cw<+s
iafMrth us bUgsa ns[kdj rkTtqc ls dgk -^^rqe D;k gks x,\* lqtZdqekj us tokc fn;k]
ekal NksM+ fn;k] blfy, nqcyk gks x;k gw¡A* mUgksaus iwNk] ^^rks ekal D;ksa NksM+k\ bUgksaus
crk;k foJkelkxj esa fy[kk gS] cM+k iki gksrk gS] ejus ij ekalkgkjh dks ;e ds nwr cM+k
n.M nsrs gSaA* iafMrth us iwNk] ^^rqeus viuh bPNk ls NksM+k ;k fdlh ds dgus ij]
lqtZdqekj us crk;k fd iRuh ds mins'k ls ,slk fd;k gSA iafMr th us dgk] ^^rks fQj
rqe [kkvksA duoft;ks dks iki ugha gksrkA mudks ojnku gSA** bUgksaus ftKklk dh] dgha
fy[kk Hkh gS\** iafMrth us fo'oklioZd dgk] ^^gk¡] gS D;ksa ugha\ oa'kkoyh esa fy[kk gSA**

lqtZdqekj fpdos ds ;gk¡ x, vkSj vk/kk lsj ekal ys vk,A :eky esa [kwu ds /kCcs ns[kdj
euksgjknsoh us iwNk] ^^;g D;k gS\** mÙkj feyk] ^^ekalA** mUgksaus iwNk] rks fQj [kkvksxs\**
lqtZdqekj us dgk] ^^gk¡] gesa ojnku gSA oa'kkoyh esa fy[kk gSA** euksgjknsoh us dgk] ^^vius
ekal okys cjru vyx dj yksA ftl fnu ekal [kkvks] ml fnu u eq>s Nqvks vkSj u ?kj
ds vkSj cjruA rhu fnu rd dPps ?kM+s u Nw ikvksxAs ** lqtZdqekj us dgk] ^^bl le;
rks jkst [kkus dk fopkj gS D;ksafd fiNyh dlj iwjh djuh gSA** euksgjknsoh us dgk] ^^rks
eq>s esjs ek;ds NksM+ vkvksA** lqtZdqekj us tokc fn;k ^^fy[k nks dksbZ ys tk,] ugha rks
ukbZ Hkst nks] fdlh dks cqyk yk,A eSa tgk¡ ekal idkrk gw¡ ogk¡ nks jksfV;k¡ Hkh Bksad yw¡xkA**
euksgjknsoh ek;ds pyh xbZaA

lu~ 14 dh yM+kbZ 'kq: gks xbZ FkhA ns'k esa eg¡xkbZ c<+ jgh FkhA jkelgk; cq<+k jgs Fks
ij lqtZdqekj dks vHkh ?kj dk Hkkj mBkus dh dksbZ fQØ u FkhA blh lky dq¡okj ds
eghus esa euksgjknsoh us ek;ds esa gh iq= dks tUe fn;kA jkelgk; vc ckck gq,A iksrs
ds tUe ij mUgksaus /kwe/kke ls mRlo fd;kA lqtZdqekj dh ftEesnkjh c<+ xbZA ysfdu
tc rd jkelgk; ft,] bUgksaus ?kj-x`gLFkh dh dksbZ fpark u dhA vc Ldwy tkuk Hkh
can FkkA dljr] [ksydwn] lSj-likVk] LosPNkuqlkj v/;;u - ;gh thou-Øe FkkA
jkelgk; dk 'kjhj f'kfFky gks jgk Fkk] isV c<+ x;k FkkA M‚DVjksa us dgk] gfuZ;k gSA
efg"kkny ds vLirky esa mudk vkijs'ku gqvkA vkijs'ku lQy gqvk ij jkelgk; iwjh
rjg LoLFk fQj Hkh ugha gq,A og xk¡o pys vk;sA lysFkw ftyk mUuko dh ,d L=h]
ftldk ifjokj efg"kkny esa Fkk] xkSjh dh ek¡ ds uke ls çfl)] x<+kdksyk esa mudh
ns[kHkky djrh jghaA lu 17 esa euksgjknsoh us nwljh larku] dU;k ljkst dks tUe fn;kA
mlh o"kZ jkelgk; rsokjh dk nsgkar gqvkA
296
lqtZdqekj dks vc vius mÙkjnkf;Ro dk cks/k gqvkA mez mUuhl lky] nks cPpksa ds cki]
firk vc ugha gSa] mUgsa vc nwljksa ds lgkjs thus dk vf/kdj ugha gS - ;g lc mudh
le> esa vius-vki vk x;kA blds flok firk ds u jgus ij mUgsa Kkr gqvk fd cq<+Å
mUgsa fdruk I;kj djrs Fks! ek¡ ds u jgus ij ek¡-cki og nksuksa FksA tks dqN dek;k Fkk]
og lc lqtZdqekj ds fy,A xk¡o ls bruh nwj ijnsl esa vkSj fdlds fy, ej-[ki jgs Fks\
Øks/k vkus ij dbZ ckj mUgksaus ekjk Hkh Fkk] ij ;g Hkh lqtZdqekj ds Hkys ds fy,A mUgksaus
ykM+-I;kj Hkh de u fd;k FkkA ns'kh fj;klr esa flikfg;ksa ds ekewyh teknkj dh gSfl;r
gh D;k\ ij mUgksaus lqtZdqekj dks jktdqekjksa dh rjg j[kkA dkSu tusÅ] C;kg] xkSus ds
fy, caxky ls cSlokM+s ds nfjæ xk¡o esa vkdj bruk iSlk [kpZ djrk gS\ xk¡o esa fdl
ukStoku dks 'kkafriqjh /kksrh vkSj iEi'kw iguus dk lkSHkkX; feyrk gS\ cknke vkSj csnkuk
fdruksa dks e;Llj gksrk gS\ ml ij b=-Qqyy s ] ukVd-rek'ks] lSj-likVk! ;g lc
jkelgk; rsokjh dh cnkSyrA vc og lk;k mB x;k FkkA

cki dh lsokvksa dk fopkj djds jktk lrhçlkn xxZ us lqtZdqekj dks vius ;gk¡ ukSdj
j[k fy;kA flikgh ds csVs dks mUgksaus flikfg;ksa esa HkrhZ ugha fd;kA lqtZdqekj cki ls
T;knk i<+s fy[ks FksA mUgsa fpëh-i=h] rglhy-olwyh] dpgjh vnkyr ls lacaf/kr dke
fey x;kA ru[kkg ekewyh Fkh] ij ppsjs HkkbZ cnywçlkn Hkh ;gha ukSdj Fks] [kpZ py
tkrk FkkA lqtZdqekj vc jktk ds vkSj fudV lEidZ esa vk;sA ,d ukVd esa lqtZdqekj
dks laL—r 'yksd i<+us dk NksVk-lk ikVZ fn;k x;kA jktk dks budk 'yksd-ikB ilan
vk;kA mUgksaus vius ;gk¡ ds ,d jkt-deZpkjh dks vkKk nh fd og lqtZdqekj dks xkuk
fl[kk;k djsaA lqtZdqekj us Hkh vc jktk dks fudV ls ns[kkA dn esa lqtZdqekj ls dbZ
bap NksVs gSaA jax gYdk lk¡oyk gS] gksaB eksVs gSa] uhps dk gksaB vkxs dks dqN fudyk gqvk
gSA lqtZdekj ls T;knk lqanj ugha gSa ij psgjs ls rst >ydrk gS] vkSj gkFk-iSj Hkh
QkSykn ds gSaA jktk czkã.k gSa] ukSdj-pkdj fjvk;k-vklkeh tehu esa ysVdj muds
[Link] esa ekFkk VSddj] lk"Vkax [Link]~ djrs gSa - mUgksaus ns[kkA gqtwj dgs fcuk muls
ckr djuk xqLrk[kh esa 'kkfey gSA ukSdjh vkSj vkRe-lEeku esa ijLij D;k laca/k gS]
lqtZdqekj dks ekywe gksus yxkA
,d fnu lqtZdqekj dks rkj feyk - rqEgkjh L=h l[r chekj gS] QkSju vkvksA lqtZdqekj
us rqjar MyeÅ ds fy, dwp fd;kA jke-jke djrs tc llqjky igq¡ps] rc ekywe gqvk]
euksgjknsoh igys ls fprk esa ty pqdh gSaA QsQM+s dQ ls tdM+ x;s FksA M‚DVj us ikuh
dh txg ;[kuh fiykus dks dgk FkkA ij ;[kuh ihuk-rks nwj] euksgjknsoh us vaxzsth nok
ihus ls Hkh badkj dj fn;kA dgk - nl ckj ugha ejuk gS] dkSu /kje fcxkM+s\

pkj lky ds jke—".k] lky-Hkj dh ljkst - nksuksa larkuksa dks ogha mudh ukuh ds ikl
NksM+dj lqtZdqekj vius xk¡o pysA vHkh xk¡o igq¡ps u Fks fd ns[kk] yksx cM+s HkkbZ cnyw
dh yk'k fy;s tk jgs gSaA lqtZdqekj dks pDdj vk x;kA jkg esa ogha flj idM+dj cSB
x;sA fdlh rjg igq¡ps rks ns[kk] HkkStkbZ chekj gSaA mUgksaus iwNk] ^^rqEgkjs nknk dks fdruh
nwj ys x;s gksax\s ** lqtZdqekj ls dqN tokc nsrs u cu iM+kA dkdk jkeyky Hkh chekj
Fks Hkrhts dks ns[kdj cksys] ^^rw ;gk¡ D;ksa vk;k\** lqtZdqekj us dgk] ^^vki vPNs gks tk,¡
rks lcdks ysdj caxky pyw¡A**
cnywçlkn ds ikap cPps Fks - pkj yM+ds vkSj ,d nw/k-ihrh cPph cM+k yM+dk efg"kkny
esa lqtZdqekj ds lkFk jgrk Fkk] ckdh rhu xkao esa FksA cM+s HkkbZ ds nsgkar ds rhljs fnu
HkkHkh Hkh xqtj xbZA nw/k-ihrh cPph vdsyh jg xbZA lqtZdqekj jkr dks mls vius ikl
fyVkdj lks;sA ?kj esa fcYyh mNy-dwn epk;s FkhA lqtZdekj dks uhan u vkbZA lcsjs 297
 mBdj ns[kk rks [kkV ij ysVh cPph dk 'kjhj BaMk FkkA lqtZdqekj us cPph dk 'ko
mBk;kA mls unh fdukjs ys x;sA xM~<k [kksn dj mls xkM+k] fQj ?kj ykSVsA blds ckn
dkdk jkeyky dk nsgkar gvkA cnywçlkn ds yM+ds chekj gq, ij lkSHkkX; ls vPNs gks
x,A e`R;q-yhyk lekIr gqbZA ifjokj esa jg x, lqtZdqekj vkSj muds ppsjs Hkrhts] iq=
vkSj dU;k ufugky esa FksA

ft+anxh dk ;g nkSj ,d Hk;kud lius tSlk FkkA lkjk dquck gh mtM+ x;kA vc lj
ij fdlh dk lk;k ughaA jkelgk;-jkeyky dh ih<+h rks [kRe gks gh xbZ] cnyw-
lqtZdqekj dh ih<+h esa Hkh vdsys lqtZdqekj jg x;sA ,d vkneh dh dekbZ ls brus cPpksa
dk [kpZ dSls pysxk\ bruh ekSrsa ,d lkFk ns[kdj dksbZ vius vkSlku* dSls dk;e j[ks\
dksbZ ,slh ikB'kkyk ugha tgk¡ ,slh ifjfLFkfr dk lkeuk djus dh f'k{kk vkneh dks igys
ls nh tk ldsA fQj lqtZdekj ds fnu ykM+ I;kj esa chrs FksA ftanxh ds chl lky
fuf'par fcrkus ds ckn lj ij ;g vkQr dk igkM+ gh VwV iM+kA

lcls cM+k /kDdk yxk] euksgjknsoh ds xqtj tkus dkA muds fookfgr thou dh 'kq#vkr
vc gksuh pkfg, Fkh ij 'kq: gksus ds cnys mldk var gks x;kA euksgjknsoh ds thfor
jgrs mUgksaus mudh dæ u dhA xogha ds fnuksa muds ckyksa dks ysdj rkus dlsA xks'r
[kkus ds ihNs x<+kdksyk esa vius lkFk jguk nwHkj* dj fn;kA vius fuBYysiu ds dkj.k
,UVªsal ijh{kk ikl u dj ik,] blls vius lkFk mUgsa Hkh viekfur djkds ?kj ls fudysA
ij og fdruh mnkj FkhaA dHkh ifr ;k llqj ds :[ks O;ogkj dh f'kdk;r u dhA
fdruh de mez esa lalkj NksM+ xbZA vHkh vBkjg dh Hkh rks u FkhA dSlk lqanj daB] dSlk
e`nqy LoHkko] dSlk lkfRod lkSan;Z] lqtZdqekj us ns[kk] muds ân; esa iRuh ds fy,
vxk/k I;kj gSA ;g I;kj vc rd D;ksa u fn[kkbZ fn;k Fkk\ fdl eksg us mudh vk¡[kksa
ij inkZ Mky fn;k Fkk\ D;k e`R;q gh ;g inkZ mBk ldrh Fkh fd og euksgjknsoh dh
okLrfod Nfo ns[ksa\

lqtZdqekj x<+kdksyk ls MyeÅ x,A xaxk ds fdukjs jkr-jkr Hkj og 'ke'kku esa ?kwek
djrs tgk¡ euksgjknsoh dh fprk tyh FkhA fnu esa og vo/kwr Vhys ij cSB tkrs vkSj xaxk
esa cgrh gqbZ yk'ksa ns[kk djrsA iRuh vkSj HkkbZ ds fu/ku ds ckn vc e`R;q dk ,slk dksbZ
–'; u Fkk ftls lqtZdekj dks Hk; gksrkA thou esa tks lcls ohHkRl vkSj Hk;kud gS]
mls Hkj vk¡[kksa ns[kuk og lh[k x, FksA

,d fnu og vo/kwr Vhys ij cSBs Fks] rHkh dqYyh us vkdj dgk] eSa tkurk gw¡] vki
euksgjk dks cgqr pkgrs FksA bZ'oj pkg dh txg ekj nsrk gS] gks'k djkus ds fy,A**

lqtZdqekj dks czãKku feykA og vHkh rd csgks'k FksA u vius dks le>rs Fks] u euksgjk
dks] u lalkj dksA nq[k ds vadq'k }kjk vc czã us mUgsa viuk vkSj lalkj dk Kku
djk;kA

fdruk lqanj Hktu! nk#.k Hko Hk; dks gjus okyk ogh ,d gS jkeA jke NksM+ dkSu ,sls
le; eu dks 'kkafr ns ldrk gSA
lu~ 20 esa xk¡/kh th us vlg;ksx vkUnksyu 'kq: fd;kA fgUnqvksa vkSj eqlyekuksa dh eS=h
ds vHkwriwoZ –'; ns[ks x,A nwj-nwj nsgkr rd pj[ks dk çpkj gksus yxkA c¡xyk i=ksa esa
lqtZdqekj :lh ØkfUr vkSj ogk¡ ,d u;s lekt dh jpuk dk gky i<+rsA efg"kkny ds
298 vklikl ds xk¡oksa esa tkrs( fe=ksa ds lkFk ogk¡ fdlkuksa] tqykgksa vkfn dk laxBu djrs]
mUgsa Lons'kh dk egRo le>krsA gj txg jk"Vªh; xhrksa dh /kwe FkhA lqtZdqekj cM+s çse
ls ;s xhr i<+rs vkSj xkrsA mUgsa f}tsUæiky jk; ds xkus fo'ks"k :i ls ilUn FksA mUgksaus
Lo;a jk"Vªh; xhr fy[kus dk fopkj fd;kA lu~ 20 ds olUr esa lqtZdqekj us tUeHkwfe
ij ,d xhr fy[kk%

lqtZdqekj dk u;k thou vkjEHk gqvk - dfo dk thouA ij mUgsa viuk uke lqtZdqekj
rsokjh tjk Hkh [Link] u yxrk FkkA bls 'kq) djds ;fn lw;Z dqekj rsokjh dj fn;k
tk;] rc Hkh fxjh'kpUæ ?kks"k] f}tsUæyky jk;] cafdepUæ pêksik/;k; vFkok johæukFk
Bkdqj ds ukeksa ds eqdkcys otu esa dqN gYdk cSBrk FkkA cgqr lksp-fopkj ds ckn
mUgksaus viuk u;k uke j[kk lw;ZdkUr f=ikBhA lw;Zdqekj ls lw;ZdkUr uke lquus esa vkSj
vFkZ ds fopkj ls Hkh T;knk vPNk yxkA cgqr-ls rsokjh vius dks f=ikBh fy[kus yxs FksA
vc dqN lkfgR;dkj viuk uke 'kq) :i esa fy[krs Fks tSls egkohjçlkn nqcs vius dks
egkohjçlkn f}osnh fy[krs FksA tUeHkwfe dh oUnuk ls jkelgk; rsokjh ds iq= lw;ZdkUr
f=ikBh us viuh lkfgR;-lk/kuk vkjEHk dhA
cks/k ç'u 2
1½ lw;Zdkar f=ikBh ^fujkyk* dk tUe gqvk Fkk\

d½ bykgkckn

[k½ efg"kkny

x½ x<+dksyk

?k½ dydÙkk
299
 2½ fujkykth us ;g dFku fdlls dgk Fkk % ^rqEgkjs ekrgr brus flikgh gSa] rqe bl
jktk dks ywV D;ksa ugha ysrs\*
d½ fe= ls
[k½ firk ls
x½ iM+kslh ls
?k½ csVs ls
3½ euksgjk nsoh ls fujkyk dks fdl ckr dh ç[Link] feyh\ rhu-pkj iafä;ksa esa mÙkj
nhft,A
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4½ lw;Zdkar f=ikBh ^fujkyk* ds fç; dfo Fks%
d½ in~ekdj vkSj rqylhnkl
[k½ ?kukuan vkSj fcgkjh
x½ HkkjrsUnq vkSj t;'kadj çlkn
?k½ egknsoh vkSj lqfe=kuanu iar
5½ fujkyk dh csVh dk uke D;k Fkk\
d½ euksgjk nsoh
[k½ ljkst
x½ ikoZrh nsoh
?k½ pfUædk
6½ mUgksaus lkfgR; l`tu ds fy, viuk uke D;ksa cnyk Fkk\
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;gk¡ ge thouh ds mä va'k dk oLrq vkSj f'kYi dh –f"V ls ewY;kadu djsaxsA fujkyk
th cpiu ls gh foæksgh vkSj vD[kM+ LoHkko ds FksA os vius okrkoj.k ds çHkko ds dkj.k
ltZu dh vis{kk ltus ij vf/kd cy nsrs FksA iRuh ds LoHkko vkSj R;kx us mUgsa mnkÙk
Hkkoukvksa dh vksj eksM+kA bl ;k=kØe dks jkefoykl 'kekZ us cM+s gh lqanj <ax ls fpf=r
fd;k gSA
300
*fujkyk dh lkfgR; lk/kuk* esa jkefoykl 'kekZ us egkdfo fujkyk dk [Link] thou-pfj=
çLrqr fd;k gSA fujkyk ds iqj[kksa dh nsgjh okys {ks= vo/k esa x<+kdksyk - dks igyh ckj
ns[kdj lqtZdqekj dh euksn'kk dk [Link] ys[kd us foLrkjiwoZd fd;k gSA caxky dh 'kL;
';keyk /kjrh ij fcrk, cpiu ds ckn igyh ckj lqtZdqekj csj vkSj ccwy ds taxy]
cM+s-cM+s Ålj vkSj xk¡o ds fdukjs cgrh {kh.k-lh yksu unh dks ns[krk gSA caxky dh rjg
;gk¡ Hkh vkeksa ds ckx Fks] ysfdu oSlh l?ku gfj;kyh ugha FkhA efg"kkny ds jkt njckj
esa vkSj ml lekt esa Å¡p-uhp dk tks Hksn-Hkko mlus ns[kk vkSj vuqHko fd;k Fkk] og
tSls ;gk¡ vkSj –<+ gksrk gSA mldk viuk ?kj ;gk¡ Hkh oSlk gh VwVk-QwVk vkSj dPpk Fkk
tcfd tehankj Hkxokunhu nqcs dk edku iDdk vkSj cM+k Fkk ;|fi efg"kkny esa jktk
ds egy dh rqyuk esa og fcYdqy VqPpk FkkA blh çdkj lqtZdqekj bl ckr dks ugha
le> ikrk fd tehankj nqcs dh eqlyeku irqfj;k-iRuh ds mls vPNh yxus ij Hkh
mlds ikl D;ksa ugha tkuk pkfg, vkSj mldh NqbZ gqbZ phtsa D;ksa ugha [kkuk pkfg,A
lqtZdqekj us ;g Hkh ns[kk Fkk fd irqfj;k eqlyeku gS vkSj mlds yM+ds vius dks iafMr
le>us ds dkj.k] ek¡ gksus ij Hkh] mls Hkkstu nwj ls nsrs gSaA

efg"kkny esa ,d lk/kkj.k teknkj firk ds iq= gksus dk ghurk cks/k lqtZdqekj dks
ijs'kku djrk gSA bl NksVs exj le`) jkT; esa jke lgk; frokjh dh gSfl;r flQZ ,d
oQknkj flikgh dh Fkh - tks ekfyd dk ued [kkdj mldk gd vnk djus esa fo'okl
j[krk FkkA ysfdu firk dh dn-dkBh vkSj vkd"kZd O;fäRo ns[kdj mls LokHkkfod :i
ls xoZ gksrk gSA caxky ds xouZj lj Ýkafll Mîwd tc efg"kkny vk, rks njckj dk
,d lkewfgd fp= muds lkFk f[kapkA ml fp= esa jke lgk; frokjh Hkh gSa - ^ihNs ,d
pijklh 'ks"k flikgh gkFk esa ryokjsa [khaps [kM+s gq,A bl ykbu esa xouZj dh ckbZa vksj
,dne fljs ij jke lgk; frokjh [kM+s gq, ^ykbu esa [kM+s gq, yksxksa esa og lcls yacs FksA
flj ij dkenkj xksyh Vksih xys esa lksus dk daBk] HkO; nk<+h] ewaNs yach ukd] cM+h vka[ksa]
fcftZl ij QkSth dksV] vk¡[kksa esa Fkdu gkFk esa uaxh ryokj] c<+rs gq, isV dks isVh ls
dls gq, ---------* ykV lkgc ds lkFk firk dk ;g fp= lqtZdqekj ds eu esa tSls vkRe
xkSjo dk cks/k txkrk gSA viuh {kqæ fLFkfr esa Hkh tSls xoZ djus dks dqN mlds ikl
gSA yach vkSj vkd"kZd dn-dkVh fujkyk dks tSls fojklr esa feyh FkhA fujkyk laca/kh
vius [Link] esa jkefoykl 'kekZ us fy[kk gS fd dydÙkk esa QqVcky dk eSp ns[kus okys
n'kZdksa ds chp vius yacs] vkSjksa ls ,d eqV~Bh maps dn ds dkj.k gh ml HkhM+ esa b/kj-
m/kj gks tkus ij fujkyk dks vklkuh ls <w¡<k tk ldrk FkkA ckn esa viuh nsg dks
ikyus-ikslus dk 'kkSd 'kk;n fujkyk ds blh vkRe cks/k dk ,d vax FkkA viuh nsg dh
bl iwath ds dkj.k gh Ldwy esa lqtZdqekj vius lkfFk;ksa dk usrk FkkA i<+us dh deh dks
og tSls [ksy-dwn dh <ky ij lgus->syus dh rS;kjh esa yxk FkkA QqVcky esa og mEnk
f[kykM+h Fkk vkSj rSjus esa dq'kyA igyh ckj llqjky vkus ij yacs ckyksa ds dkj.k mls
'kadk dh –f"V ls ns[kk tkrk gSA cuko-Ük`axkj ds çfr vkd"kZ.k vkSj iguus vks<+us dk
'kkSd 'kk;n mldh {kfriwfrZ dk gh ,d :i FkkA vius 'kjhj dks lqn`<+ vkSj lqanj cukdj
tSls og i<+kbZ-fy[kkbZ esa vius fiNM+siu dh HkjikbZ djuk pkgrk gSA

lqtZdqekj dh lkfgfR;d vkSj lkaL—frd vfHk#fp;ksa dk fodkl Hkh gqvkA egy ds ikl
gh ukVî'kkyk Fkh tgk¡ jktk lrh çlkn tc-rc ukVd djrs FksA ogha lqtZdqekj us
ckaXyk ukVd ^r#ckyk* esa ,d ^fganqLrkuh* dk ikVZ fd;k FkkA ckn esa vk, LVkj fFk;sVj
ds jaxeap vkSj mlds vfHkusrkvksa dh ped-ned us mls dgha xgjs esa vfHkHkwr fd;k FkkA
301
 mUgsa ns[kdj mls ;g yxs fcuk ugha jgk fd lcls cf<+;k thou bUgha yksxksa dk gSA
ckaXyk miU;kldkj cafdepaæ ljdkjh vQlj dh gSfl;r ls fefnukiqj esa jgs FksA Ldwy
ds ikl] rky ds fdukjs cSBdj] mlus nksLrksa ls ;g Hkh lquk Fkk fd ;gk¡ jgus ij
cafdepaæ us ,d-nks miU;kl Hkh fy[ks FksA vius caxkyh lkfFk;ksa dh ckrphr esa ;g
cks/k Hkh tc-rc mls djk;k tkrk Fkk fd caxkyh tkfr egku~ gS] ckaXyk Hkk"kk lalkj dh
loZJs"B Hkk"kk gS vkSj johUæukFk lalkj ds loZJs"B dfo gSAa ;g Hkh lqtZdqekj Lo;a caxkyh
ugha] ^fganqLrkuh* gSaA ?kj ds ifjos'k vkSj laLdkjo'k lqtZdqekj ckaXyk dh vis{kk fganh gh
vf/kd tkurk FkkA Hkfä vkSj Ük`axkj-jl nksuksa gh çdkj dh dforkvksa esa mldk eu [kwc
jerk FkkA cztHkk"kk dh dkQh dfork mlus i<+ j[kh FkhA in~ekdj mlds fç; dfo FksA
mudh lkuqçkl 'kCnkoyh] Ük`axkj [Link] esa Hkh vkstxq.k dk iqV mls fo'ks"k fç; FkkA
in~ekdj ds dkO; dh fp=e;rk mls vk—"V djrh FkhA Lej.k-'kfä vPNh gksus ls
mlds vusd Nan mls daBLFk gks x, FksA rqylhnkl ls og iwoZ ifjfpr FkkA ysfdu
fookg ds ckn iRuh euksgjk nsoh ds daB ls muds Nan vkSj Hktu lqudj mlus tSls ,d
u, :i esa mUgsa ik;k vkSj vkRelkr fd;kA lkfgR; vkSj laxhr esa bruk vkd"kZ.k blds
iwoZ mls dHkh vuqHko ugha gqvk FkkA in~ekdj ds dfoÙkksa dk vFkZ Hkh tSls vc vkSj Li"V
gksus yxsA jkepfjr ekul dk ikB vkSj Hkh euks;ksx ls djus yxkA iRuh ds ek;ds esa
gksus ij i<+us ij i`"Bksa ds v{kj xk;c gks tkrs vkSj mudh txg euksgjk nsoh dh Nfo
rSjus yxhA ,aVªsal dh ijh{kk esa] [Link] ds ipsZ esa] in~ekdj ds Ük`axkjh in dkih esa
fy[kdj og ?kj pyk vk;k FkkA

llqjky-çokl esa lqtZdqekj dh ,saB] otZukvksa ds çfr rh[ks fojks/k dh ço`fÙk vkSj iRuh
ds vkd"kZ.k ds ckotwn vusd ckrksa dks ysdj mlls gq, erHksn vkSj ruk-ruh dk fp=.k
ys[kd us cgqr lgt vkSj vkd"kZd :i esa fd;k gSA vius xk¡o esa tSls irqfj;k ds gkFk
[kkuk euk Fkk ;gk¡ dqYyh HkkV dks ysdj Hkh oSlh gh eukgh FkhA ysfdu dHkh >wB cksydj
vkSj dHkh eq¡g tksjh ls lqtZdqekj us bldk fojks/k fd;kA euksgjknsoh }kjk rqylhnkl dk
Hktu xkus ij mls yxrk gS tSls xys esa e`nax ct jgk gSA bl Hktu dks lqudj
lqtZdqekj ds u tkus dkSu ls lksrs laLdkj tkx mBsA lkfgR; vkSj laxhr brus lqanj gSa
bldk cks/k tSls mls vc gqvkA dkuksa dks og laxhr fdlh nwljs yksd ls vk;k tku
iM+kA vius lkSan;Z dk vfHkeku tSls pwj-pwj gks x;kA mls yxk fd ,slk gh dqN xkus
vkSj dj fn[kkus esa thou dh lkFkZdrk gSA

fujkyk ds tUe ls ysdj mudh chl o"kZ dh vk;q rd dk vkjafHkd thou thouh ds ml
çFke v/;k; esa vafdr gSA blesa ys[kd us muds ekufld fodkl vkSj dfo-deZ dh
rS;kjh dks i;kZIr çek.k nsdj vafdr fd;k gSA blh v/;k; esa fujkyk ds fookg vkSj
laf{kIr nkEiR;thou dk Hkh cgqr [Link] vadu fd;k x;k gSA blh çlax esa viuh
dU;k ds fy, ekrk dh fpark] fujkyk ds firk ia- jke lgk; frokjh dk NksVh-NksVh ckrksa
ij :luk- :Buk vkSj vusd lkekftd dqjhfr;ksa vkSj tkfrxr naHk ds ladsr Hkh thouh
esa cgqr dq'kyrkiwoZd xwaFks x, gSaA ckaxyk Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; dh lqxaHkhj tkudkjh ds
ckotwn fujkyk fganh ds i{k esa [kM+s gksrs gSaA viuh i| vkSj x| jpukvksa ds }kjk bl
vkjafHkd nkSj esa gh os viuh laHkkoukvksa dks çdV dj ikus esa lQy gksrs gSaA

fdlh Hkh jpuk ds fuekZ.k esa Hkk"kk ,d vfuok;Z vkSj [Link] ?kVd gSA ys[kd ds
çfrik| dk laizs"k.k Hkk"kk ds ek/;e ls gh gksrk gS vkSj Hkk"kk gh jpuk ds çHkko dks c<+krh
302
;k ?kVkrh gSA cM+s vkdkj vkSj Qyd okyh jpuk esa] tSlh fujkyk dh ;g thouh vius
ewy :i esa gS] Hkk"kk dk ,d [Link] dk;Z mldh iBuh;rk dks cuk, j[kuk Hkh gSA
jkefoykl 'kekZ ljy vkSj ç[Link] Hkk"kk esa cSlokM+h dh NkSad] eqgkojksa vkSj yksdksfä;ksa
ds lkFk thouh esa ?kfVr çlaxksa dk [Link] djrs gSA fujkyk ds tUe dk [Link] djrs gq,
os fy[krs gSa - ^ml fnu eaxy Fkk] egkohj Lokeh us viuh iwtk ds gh fnu jke lgk;
dks iq= dk eqag fn[kk;kA njokts ij ckts cts] ukbZ] /kksch] Mkse oxSjg usx ekaxus vk;sA
efg"kkny esa vo/k ds vkSj ifjokj Hkh jgrs Fks] dbZ ?kj oSlokM+s ds gh yksxksa ds FksA bu
lcls fL=;k¡ vkb±] lksgj gksus yxsA FkksM+h nsj dks jke lgk; dks yxk fd og x<+kdksyk
esa gh mRlo euk jgs gSaA [kSj vHkh u lgh] tSls gh] ekSdk feyk] og iqj[kksa dh nsgjh
Nqykus cPps dks xk¡o t:j ys tk;saxs---------*

jke lgk; frokjh vius ?kj ls lSdM+kas ehy nwj ijnsl esa iM+s FksA 'kknh-fookg ds fy,
os vius ?kj x<+kdksyk vkrs FksA vius iqj[kksa dh /kjrh ds çfr mudk vkReh; yxko]
mRlo-ioksaZ esa ogk¡ ds yksdkpkj vkSj jhfr-fjoktksa ds çfr vkxzg vkSj vius cSlokM+h
lekt ls tqM+us dh mudh yyd vkfn dks ;g Hkk"kk xgjh ikjnf'kZrk ds lkFk mn~?kkfVr
djus esa l{ke gSA blh ds rRdky ckn] tc vius jax-:i ds dkj.k cPpk - iafMr us
ftldk ukedj.k lqtZdekj fd;k Fkk - iM+ksl dh fL=;ksa dk f[kykSuk gks tkrk gS rks os
cSlokM+h 'kCnks esa gh vius mn~xkj çdV djrh gSa - egrkjh] csVok vkfn 'kCn blds
mnkgj.k gSaA
jkefoykl 'kekZ viuh Hkk"kk esa eqgkojksa vkSj yksdksfä;ksa dk Hkjiwj ç;ksx djrs gSa D;ksafd
os bls vPNh rjg tkurs gSa fd Hkk"kk turk dh Fkkrh gS vkSj blh turk }kjk cksys x,
'kCn vkSj eqgkojs 'kjhj esa LoLFk 'kq) jä dh rjg Hkk"kk dks fu[kkjrs gSaA bl thouh esa
ç;qä dqN eqgkojksa dks mnkgj.k Lo:i ns[kk tk ldrk gSA gkFk NksM+ cSBuk] ikuh can
djuk] daBQwV vkuk] elsa Hkhxuk] cxysa fudyuk vkSj nks nkar dh yM+dh vkfn blh
çdkj ds dqN mnkgj.k gSa tks ikBîØe esa fu/kkZfjr va'k ls gh cgqr lgt :i esa tqVk,
x, gSaA bu eqgkojksa dk vFkZ le>dj Hkk"kk dh O;atuk-'kfä dh lkeF;Z dks vklkuh ls
le>k tk ldrk gS%
gkFk NksM+ cSBuk % Øks/kkos'k esa ekj cSBuk
ikuh can djuk % lekt vkSj fcjknjh ls ckgj dj nsuk
daB QwV vkuk % elsa Hkhxuk vkSj cxysa fudyuk
;s lkjs ç;ksx ;kSoukxe ds ladsr gSaA daB esa xêk fudyuk vkSj vkokt esa Hkkjhiu dk
vk tkuk] ewaNksa ds LFkku ij ckyksa dh js[k nh[kus yxuk vkSj cxyksa esa cky fudyuk
vkfn lkjs fpà ckyd ls ;qok gks tkus ds fpà gSaA ys[kd bUgsa fujkyk ds çlax esa ç;qä
djds muds xkSus dh Hkwfedk cukrk gS vFkkZr~ vc mez ds fglkc ls os bl yk;d gSa fd
mudk xkSuk fd;k tk ldsA
nks nkar dh yM+dh % de mez dh yM+dh] nqfu;knkjh ls vutku vkSj Hkksyh-HkkyhA
jkefoykl 'kekZ çlaxkuqlkj thou ds fofo/k vkSj fofHkUu {ks=ksa ds 'kCnksa ls viuh Hkk"kk
dks lgt] ljy vkSj LokHkkfod cukrs gSaA xk¡o-tokj] dksVZ-dpgjh] yxku-olwyh]
lkfgR;-laL—fr vkSj çk—frd lkSan;Z ds [Link] esa mudh Hkk"kk ds cnyrs gq, rsoj vkSj
Nfo;ksa dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
fujkyk dh thouh dk tks va'k gekjs lkeus gS mlesa vo/k vkSj caxky dh ifjos'kxr
fof'k"Vrkvksa vkSj çkÑfrd NVkvksa esa miyC/k HkkSxksfyd varj ds C;kSjs cgqr ç[Link] ,oa
303
 fo'oluh; :i esa çLrqr fd, x, gSaA ys[kd dk eq[; dke vius pfjr uk;d ds
pkfjf=d vkSj lkaL—frd fodkl ij dsafær gksus ij Hkh mlds laidZ ds vU; çeq[k
O;fä;ksa ds pfj= ij Hkh ys[kd cgqr ltx n`f"V j[krk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA jke lgk;
frokjh dk Øks/kh vkSj oRly LoHkko] LokfHkeku vkSj LokfeHkfä dk }a}] iq=h ds Hkfo";
ds çfr euksgjk nsoh dh ek¡ dh lgt fpark }kjk ys[kd vius bu vis{kk—r xkS.k ik=ksa
dks Hkh cgqr fo'oluh; :i esa çLrqr dj ikus esa lQy gqvk gSA NksVs-NksVs çlaxksa }kjk
ys[kd us euksgjknsoh dk pfj= xgjh laosnu'khyrk ls vafdr fd;k gSA fujkyk ds ;qok
eu ij muds xgjs çHkko dh –f"V ls ;g t:jh FkkA igyh ckj llqjky tkus ij firk
dh lykg ij fujkyk viuh 'kku vkSj ,saB dk >wBk çn'kZu djrs gSaA :gh dh ekfy'k
blh dk ,d fgLlk gSA firk-iq= nksuksa ds eu esa ;gh Hkko gS fd blls llqjky okyksa
ij jksc rks iM+sxk gh] [kpZ Hkh [kwc gksxk vkSj os yksx viuh gkj eku ysaxsA ysfdu gqvk
bldk mYVk ghA fujkyk dh lklw th bl ij rkuk ekjrh gSa - ^^vius csVs dh ekfy'k
:g ls djk;sa vkSj mudh csVh ds fy, p<+kok bruk ekewyh**! jkr dks iRuh euksgjknsoh
fujkyk dks le>krh gSa - ^b=-Qqyy s yxkuk fdlku ifjokj esa 'kksHkk ugha nsrkA vkSj tc
ckr c<+us yxrh gS] fujkyk mUgsa eNqvkbu dk fdLlk lqukus yxrs gSa rks og fcxM+ tkrh
gSA og dejs ls mBdj py nsrh gSA bl vkjafHkd HksaV esa gh fujkyk dks yxrk gS fd
iRuh tSls mudh idM+ ds ckgj gSA mldk rstLoh vkSj ?kj-x`gLFkh ds dke esa dq'ky
:i mUgsa xgjs esa dgha çHkkfor Hkh djrk gSA muds daB ls rqylh dk Hktu lqudj rks
mUgsa yxrk gS tSls xys esa e`nax gh ct jgk gSA oLrqr% iRuh dks bl :i esa ns[kdj gh
fujkyk ds] lksrs laLdkj tSls tkx mBrs gSaA lkfgR; vkSj laxhr ds çfr mudk vkd"kZ.k
tSls Lo;a mUgsa gh ,d u, :i esa fn[kkbZ nsus yxrk gSA euksgjknsoh ds bl :i dks
ns[kdj gh vius lkSan;Z dk mudk vfHkeku pwj-pwj gks tkrk gSA muds eu esa ;g Hkko
cgqr mRdVrk ls tkxrk gS fd os ,slk dqN djsa ftlls ;g thou lkFkZd gks tk,A iRuh
dh rqyuk esa viuk fudEekiu muds vkxs Li"V gksus yxrk gSA ?kj-ifjokj dh gh ugha]
iM+ksfl;ksa dh Hkh lsok vkSj lgk;rk dk mudk LoHkko fujkyk dks xgjkbZ ls çHkkfor
djrk gSA iRuh dk pfj= gh tSls ifr dk ç[Link]-lzksr cu tkrk gSA
miU;kl dh rjg thouh Hkh vius pfjr uk;d lesr vusd O;fä;ksa dk ,d thfor
lalkj vius esa lek;s jgrh gSA ik=ksa ds chp gksus okys laokn mlh :i esa ?kfVr gksus
dk dksbZ çek.k ugha gksrk gSA mudh lgtrk vkSj fo'oluh;rk gh mudh lQyrk dh
dlkSVh gksrh gSA miU;kl dh rjg thouh esa Hkh ;s laokn dFkk ds fodkl esa lgk;d
gksrs gSa vkSj ik=ksa ds pfj= dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks mn~?kkfVr djrs gSaA bl thouh esa Hkh
vusd ,sls çlax gSa ftuesa laoknksa dh ;g lgtrk vkSj fo'oluh;rk ns[kh tk ldrh gSA
bu laoknksa esa Hkh fujkyk vkSj euksgjknsoh ds chp ds laokn dnkfpr thouh ds lQyre
laokn gSaA tSlk fd crk;k tkrk jgk gS bu laoknksa ds ek/;e ls gh euksgjk nsoh dk
rstLoh vkSj LokfHkekuh :i cgqr lgt :i esa lkeus vkrk gS vkSj viuh lgtrk esa gh
og :i fujkyk dks vfHkHkwr djrk gSA lknxh vkSj lgtrk dk çHkko gh lcls xgjk
gksrk gS vkSj ogh fujkyk ds thou dh n'kk cnyrk gSA
cks/k ç'u 3
1½ ^fujkyk dh lkfgR; lk/kuk* 'kh"kZd thouh ds va'k dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A
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vkius bl bdkbZ esa jkefoykl 'kekZ th }kjk fyf[kr ^fujkyk dh lkfgR; lk/kuk* uked
thouh dk ,d va'k i<+kA
fujkyk th fganh ds egku dfo gSaA ysfdu mudh ;g egkurk mudk vftZr xq.k gSA
cpiu esa vius vD[kM+iu vkSj foæksgh LoHkko ds dkj.k os vius —R;ksa ls lalkj ls
cxkor djrs FksA i<+kbZ NksM+ mudk eu ltus-laojus esa T;knk yxrk FkkA muds thou
ds bl çlax dks ys[kd us fcuk fNik, fu"i{k :i esa çLrqr fd;k gSA iRuh dh e`R;q ds
ckn i'pkrki dh vfXu esa ridj vkSj iRuh ds xk;u ls ç[Link] ikdj mudh l`tukRed
çfrHkk QwV iM+rh gSA ys[kd us fujkyk th dh dfoRo 'kfä ds bl çdj.k dks cM+s gh
ekfeZd <ax ls çLrqr fd;k gSA

ç[Link] thouo`Ùk gksus ds ckotwn ;g va'k dkO; dk vkLoknu fy, gq, gS] ys[kd us
?kVukvksa ds lqanj fp=.k [khaps gSa vkSj laokn dks [Link] cuk;k gSA bl –f"V ls ;g va'k
u dsoy mn~ns';ksa ds laçs"k.k esa lQy gS] cfYd vfrjkspd Hkh gSA

irqfj;k % os';k] dqyVk

;Kksiohr % tsuÅ
foçoxZ % czkã.k oxZ
ç'kLr % fo'kky] pkSM+k
ekrgr % v/khu
ea=-fl) % ea= muds o'k esa gS
:g % b=
vkSlku % gks'k-gokl
nwHkj % eqf'dy 305
 nk#.k % Hkh"k.k] Hk;adj
Hko % lalkj

cks/k ç'u 1
1½ ¼d½ vkn'kZ pfj= ¼[k½ ç[Link] rF; ¼x½ laons uk ¼?k½ rVLFk [Link]
2½ js[kkfp= fdlh Hkh O;fä ij fy[kk tkrk gS( thouh dk ç/kku pfj= vkn'kZ gks]
çeq[k gks] fo[;kr gksA js[kkfp= esa ys[kd ds Hkko [Link] gSa( thouh esa pfj=
uk;d ¼;k ukf;d½ ç/kku gSA
cks/k ç'u -2
1½ [k½
2½ [k½
3½ lgu 'kfä] lsok Hkko] Hkfä Hkko dh ppkZ dhft,A
4½ i)
5½ ii)
6½ vkstLoh yxs] vkd"kZd gksA
cks/k ç'u -3
1½ iwjh bdkbZ ds vk/kkj ij ,d i`"B esa mÙkj fyf[k,A oLrq] f'kYi nksuksa ij fopkj
çdV dhft,A vki ij fdldk çHkko iM+k - fujkyk th ds O;fäRo dk ;k
jkefoykl 'kekZ th ds ys[ku dk\

306