ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu

HkkSfrd jkf'k
jkf'k ftls ekik tk lds rFkk ftlds }kjk fofHkUu HkkSfrd ?kVukvksa dks fu;eksa ds :i esa le>k;k rFkk O;Dr fd;k tk lds]
HkkSfrd jkf’k dgykrh gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, yEckbZ nzO;eku] le;] cy vkfnA
nwljh rjQ] thou esa vU; fofHkUu ?kVuk;sa tSls [kq’kh] nq%[k vkfn HkkSfrd jkf’k;k¡ ugha gSa D;ksafd bUgsa ekik ugha tk ldrkA
HkkSfrd jkf’k dk ifjek.k Kkr djus ds fy,] nks leku HkkSfrd jkf’k;ksa dh rqyuk djus ds fy, rFkk HkkSfrd fu;eksa ;k [Link]
dks fl) djus ds fy,] ekiu vko’;d gksrk gSA
HkkSfrd jkf’k dks blds ifjek.k rFkk ek=d }kjk çnf’kZr fd;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] 10 ehVj dk vFkZ og yEckbZ gS tks 1
ehVj yEckbZ dh 10 xquh gSA ;gk¡ 10 nh xbZ jkf’k dk vkafdd eku gS rFkk ehVj ls jkf’k dk ek=d çnf’kZr gksrk gSA vr% HkkSfrd jkf’k
dks O;Dr djus esa ge ,d ek=d pqurs gSa rFkk fQj Kkr djrs gSa fd og ek=d nh xbZ HkkSfrd jkf’k esa fdrus xqus rd gSA vFkkZr~
HkkSfrd jkf’k (Q) = ifjek.k × ek=d = nu
tgk¡] n vkafdd eku dks rFkk u ek=d dks çnf’kZr djrk gSA vr% HkkSfrd jkf’k dh fuf’pr ek=k dks O;Dr djrs le; ;g Li"V
gS fd tSls gh ek=d (u) ifjofrZr gksrk gS] ifjek.k (n) Hkh ifjofrZr gks tkrk gS ijUrq [Link] nu vifjofrZr cuk jgrk gSA
1
vFkkZr~ n u = fu;rkad, ;k n1u1 = n2 u 2 = fu;rkad; ∴ n ∝
u
vFkkZr~ HkkSfrd jkf’k dk ifjek.k rFkk ek=d ,d nwljs ds O;qRØekuqikrh gksrs gSaA

HkkSfrd jkf'k;ksa ds izdkj

(1) vuqikr ¼dsoy vkafdd eku½ : tc ,d HkkSfrd jkf’k nks leku jkf’k;ksa dk vuqikr gksrh gS rks bldk dksbZ ek=d ugha gksrkA
mnkgj.k
vkisf{kd ?kuRo = oLrq dk ?kuRo/4oC ij ikuh dk ?kuRo
viorZukad = ok;q esa çdk’k dk osx/ek/;e esa çdk’k dk osx
fod`fr = foek esa ifjorZu/ewy foek
 dks.k ,d viokn HkkSfrd jkf’k gS tks ;)fi nks leku HkkSfrd jkf'k;ksa dk vuqikr gSA (dks.k = pki / f=T;k) fQj Hkh
bldk ek=d (fMxzh ;k jsfM;u), blds vkafdd eku ds lkFk fy[kk tkrk gSA
(2) vfn'k ¼dsoy ifjek.k½ : bu jkf’k;ksa dh dksbZ fn’kk ugha gksrh gSA tSls & yEckbZ] le;] dk;Z] ÅtkZ vkfnA

HkkSfrd jkf’k dk ifjek.k _.kkRed gks ldrk gSA bl fLFkfr esa _.kkRed fpUg~ bldh fn’kk dks ugha n’kkZrkA
vfn'k jkf’k;ksa dks ;ksx ;k vUrj ds lkekU; fu;eksa dh lgk;rk ls tksM+k ;k ?kVk;k tk ldrk gSA
(3) lfn'k ¼ifjek.k rFkk fn'kk½ : mnkgj.k & foLFkkiu] osx] Roj.k] cy vkfnA

lfn’k jkf’k;ksa dks ;ksx ds lfn’k fu;eksa ds vuqlkj tksM+k ;k ?kVk;k tk ldrk gSA ;g fu;e lkekU; fu;eksa ls vyx gksrs gSaA
 dqN HkkSfrd jkf’k;k¡ u rks vfn’k vkSj u gh lfn’k dh rjg O;ogkj djrh gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, tM+Ro vk?[Link] lfn'k
jkf'k ugha gS] D;ksafd ?[Link] dh fn'kk cnyus ij Hkh bldk eku vifjofrZr jgrk gS] ijUrq bls vfn'k Hkh ugha dgk
tk ldrk] D;ksafd fHké&fHké fn'kkvksa esa ¼v{k ifjorZu djus ij½ leku oLrq ds fy, Hkh blds fHké&fHké eku izkIr
gksrs gSa

2
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
ewyHkwr rFkk O;qRiUu jkf'k;k¡
(1) ewyHkwr jkf'k;k¡ : çd`fr esa miyC/k dbZ HkkSfrd jkf’k;ksa esa ls dqN gh jkf’k;k¡ ,slh gSa tks vU; jkf’k;ksa ls Lora= gksrh gSa rFkk
bUgsa ifjHkkf"kr djus ds fy, vU; HkkSfrd jkf’k;ksa dh vko’;drk ugha gksrhA vr% bUgsa fujis{k jkf’k;k¡ dgrs gSaA bu jkf’k;ksa dks ewyHkwr
jkf’k;k¡ ;k ewy jkf’k;k¡ Hkh dgrs gSa D;ksafd vU; jkf’k;k¡ bu ij fuHkZj jgrh gSa rFkk bu jkf’k;ksa ds inksa esa O;Dr dh tk ldrh gSA
(2) O;qRié jkf'k;k¡ : vU; lHkh HkkSfrd jkf’k;ksa dks ewyHkwr jkf’k;ksa dh fofHké ?kkrksa ls Hkkx ;k [Link] }kjk O;qRié fd;k tk
ldrk gSA vr% ;s jkf’k;k¡ O;qRié jkf’k;k¡ dgykrh gSaA
;fn yEckbZ dks ewyHkwr jkf’k ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk;s rks {ks=Qy rFkk vk;ru] yEckbZ ls O;qRié gks tkrs gSa rFkk yEckbZ
dh ?kkr 2 ;k 3 ds lkFk O;Dr fd;s tk ldrs gSaA
 ;kaf=dh esa yEckbZ] nzO;eku rFkk le; ewyHkwr jkf’k;k¡ pquh xbZ gSa] ijUrq ge ;kaf=dh esa dksbZ Hkh rhu jkf’k;k¡ ewyHkwr
jkf’k;ksa dh rjg ys ldrs gSa rks vU; jkf’k;k¡ buds inksa esa O;Dr dh tk ldrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ;fn pky rFkk
le; dks ewyHkwr jkf’k;ksa ds :i esa fy;k tk;s rks yEckbZ O;qRié jkf’k cu tkrh gS D;ksafd yEckbZ vc pky × le;
ds :i esa O;Dr dh tk;sxh rFkk ;fn cy rFkk Roj.k ewyHkwr jkf’k;k¡ yh tk;sa rks nzO;eku dks cy / Roj.k ls
ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk;sxk rFkk ;g O;qRiUu jkf’k dgyk;sxkA

ewyHkwr rFkk O;qRiUu ek=d

lkekU;r% çR;sd HkkSfrd jkf’k dks ifjHkkf"kr djus ds fy, ,d ek=d dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA vr% ,slk çrhr gksrk gS fd dbZ
HkkSfrd jkf’k;ksa ds fy;s dbZ ek=d vo’; gksus pkfg,A ;)fi ,slk ugha gSA ;g ik;k x;k gS fd ;fn ;kaf=dh esa ge dksbZ rhu HkkSfrd
jkf’k;ksa ds LosPN ek=d pqu ysa rks ;kaf=dh esa vU; HkkSfrd jkf’k;ksa dks buds inksa esa O;Dr dj ldrs gSaA bl mn~ns’; ds fy, nzO;eku]
yEckbZ rFkk le; LosPNr% pquh xbZ HkkSfrd jkf’k;k¡ gSaA vr% ;kaf=dh esa nzO;eku] yEckbZ rFkk le; ds fdlh Hkh ek=d dks ewyHkwr ;k
fujis{k ;k ewy ek=d dgrs gSaA vU; ek=d tks bu ewyHkwr ek=dksa ds inksa esa O;Dr fd;s tk ldrs gSa O;qRiUu ek=d dgykrs gSaA
mnkgj.k ds fy, çdk’k o"kZ ;k fdeh ewy ek=d gSa] D;ksafd ;s yEckbZ ds ek=d gSaA tcfd sec–1, m2 ;k kg/m O;qRié ek=d gSa D;ksafd
;s yEckbZ] nzO;eku rFkk le; ds ek=dksa ls O;qRié fd;s x;s gSaA
ek=dksa dh i)fr : lHkh çdkj dh HkkSfrd jkf’k;ksa ds fy, ewyHkwr rFkk O;qRiUu nksuksa ek=dksa dk leqPp; ek=dksa dh i)fr
dgykrh gSA çpfyr i)fr;k¡ fuEu çdkj gSa &
(1) CGS i)fr : ;g i)fr ek=dksa dh xkWlh; i)fr Hkh dgykrh gSA blesa yEckbZ] nzO;eku] rFkk le; ewyHkwr jkf’k;ksa ds :i
esa yh tkrh gSa rFkk buds laxr ek=d Øe’k% [Link] (cm)] xzke (g) rFkk lSd.M (s) gksaxsA
(2) MKS i)fr: ;g i)fr tkWthZ (Gorgi) i)fr Hkh dgykrh gSA bl i)fr esa Hkh yECkkbZ] nzO;eku rFkk le; ewyHkwr jkf’k;ksa ds
:i esa fy, tkrs gSa rFkk buds laxr ewy ek=d ehVj] fdyksxzke rFkk lSd.M gksaxsA
(3) FPS i)fr: bl i)fr esa QqV] ikW.M rFkk lSd.M Øe’k% yEckbZ] nzO;eku rFkk le; ds fy, ewyHkwr ek=d fy;s tkrs gSaA
bl i)fr esa cy O;qRiUu ek=d gS ftldk ek=d [Link] gSA
(4) S. I. i)fr : ;g ek=dksa dh vUrjkZ"Vªh; i)fr gS rFkk [Link] HkkSfrdh esa iz;qDr gksus okyh foLr`r i)fr gSA bl i)fr esa
lkr ewyHkwr jkf’k;k¡ gSaA ;s jkf’k;k¡ rFkk buds ek=d fuEu rkfydk esa fn;s x;s gSaA
jkf'k Ekk=d dk uke çrhd
yEckbZ ehVj m

nzO;eku fdyksxzke kg

le; lSd.M s

fo|qr/kkjk ,sfEi;j A

Rkki dsfYou K

3
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
inkFkZ dh ek=k Ekksy mol

T;ksfrrhozrk [Link] cd

mijksDr lkr ewyHkwr jkf’k;ksa ds vfrfjDr nks iwjd jkf’k;k¡ gksrh gSa ftuds ek=d fuEu gSa &
lery dks.k ds fy, jsfM;u (rad) rFkk ?ku dks.k ds fy, LVsjsfM;u (sr)
 ewyHkwr rFkk O;qRiUu ek=dksa ds vfrfjDr ge dbZ ckj O;ogkfjd ek=dksa dk Hkh mi;ksx djrs gSaA ;s O;ogkfjd ek=d
ewyHkwr ;k O;qRié fdlh Hkh izdkj ds gks ldrs gSaA
mnkgj.k ds fy,] çdk’k o"kZ nwjh dk O;ogkfjd ek=d (ewyHkwr) gS tcfd v’o’kfDr] 'kfDr dk O;ogkfjd (O;qRiUu)
ek=d gSA
 O;ogkfjd ek=d] ek=dksa dh i)fr esa gks ldrk gS vkSj ugha Hkh ysfdu fdlh Hkh ek=d ds inksa i)fr esa O;Dr
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
mnkgj.k ds fy,] 1 ehy = 1.6 fdeh = 1.6 × 103 ehVj
S.I. iwoZyXu
HkkSfrdh esa cgqr lw{e (ekbØks) ls cgqr cM+s (esØks) [Link] dk v/;;u djrs gSaA tSls ,d rjQ ge fdlh [Link] ds ckjs esa ckr
djrs gSa tcfd nwljh rjQ czEgk.M dh ckr djrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] bysDVªkWu dk nzO;eku 9.1 × 10–31 kg tcfd lw;Z dk nzO;eku 2 ×
1030 kg gSA ,sls cM+s ;k NksVs [Link] dks ,d lkFk O;Dr djus gsrq ge fuEu iwoZ yXuksa dk iz;ksx djrs gSa
10 dh ?kkr iwoZyXu çrhd
18
10 ,sDlk E
1015 issVk P
1012 Vsjk T
109 xhxk G
6
10 esxk M
103 fdyks k
102 gsDVks h
101 Msdk da
–1
10 Mslh d
–2
10 lsUVh c
–3
10 feyh m
10 –6
ekbØks µ
–9
10 usuks n
–12
10 ihdks p
–15
10 QseVks f
–18
10 vkWVks a

yEckbZ] nzO;eku rFkk le; ds ek=d

(1) yEckbZ : ekud ehVj dks çdk’k dh rjaxnS/;Z ds inksa esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gS] bls yEckbZ dk [Link]; ekud dgrs gSaA

**fØIVkWu-86 [Link] ds }kjk fuokZr~ esa mRlftZr ukjaxh yky jax dh 1650763.73 rjaxksa dh yEckbZ 1 ehVj dgykrh gS**
1
,d vU; ifjHkk"kkuqlkj & izdk'k ds }kjk fuokZr~ esa lSd.M esa r; dh nwjh 1 ehVj dgykrh gSA
299.7792

4
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
(2) nzO;eku : ekiu ds varjk"Vªh; C;wjks esa IysVhue bjhMh;e feJ/kkrq ls cus ,d ekud csyu dk nzO;eku 1 kg ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k
gSA
,d vU; ifjHkk"kkuqlkj & 6C
12
rRo ds 5.0188 × 1025 [Link] dk nzO;eku 1 kg ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA
(3) le; : lhft;e-133 [Link] ds fofdj.k ds 9192631770 dEiuksa esa yxus okyk le;kUrjky 1 lSd.M ds rqY; gksrk gSA

O;ogkfjd ek=d
(1) yEckbZ :

(i) 1 QehZ = 1 fm = 10–15 m

(ii) 1 X-ray ek=d = 1XU = 10–13 m

(iii) 1 ,axLVªkWe = 1Å = 10–10 m = 10–8 cm = 10–7 mm = 0.1 µmm

(iv) 1 ekbØksu = µm = 10–6 m

(v) 1 [kxksyh; ek=d = 1 A.U. = 1. 49 × 1011 m ≈ 1.5 × 1011 m ≈ 108 km

(vi) 1 çdk’ko"kZ = 1 ly = 9.46 × 1015 m

(vii) 1 ikjlsd = 1pc = 3.26 çdk’ko"kZ

(2) nzO;eku :

(i) pUnz’ks[kj bdkbZ : 1 CSU = lw;Z ds nzO;eku dk 1.4 xquk = 2.8 × 1030 kg

(ii) ehfVªd Vu : 1 ehfVªd Vu = 1000 kg

(iii) [Link] : 1 [Link] = 100 kg

(iv) [Link]; nzO;eku ek=d (amu) : 1 amu = 1.67 × 10–27 kg ¼çksVkWu ;k U;wVªkWu dk nzO;eku 1 amu dh dksfV dk gksrk
gSA½
(3) le; :

(i) o"kZ : lw;Z ds pkjksa vksj i`Foh dks viuh d{kk esa ,d pØ [Link] djus esa yxk le; 1 o"kZ gksrk gSA

(ii) pUnzekl~ : i`Foh ds pkjksa vksj pUnzek }kjk viuh d{kk esa ,d pØ [Link] djus esa yxk le; 1 pUnzekl~ gksrk gSA

1 pUnzekl~ = 27.3 fnu

(iii) lkSj fnol : lw;Z ds lkis{k i`Foh }kjk viuh v{k ds ifjr% ,d [Link] ?[Link] esa yxk le; lkSj fnu dgykrk gSA pw¡fd ;g le;
fnu çfrfnu ifjofrZr gksrk jgrk gSA vr% ,d o"kZ esa lHkh fnuksa ds vUrjkyksa dk vkSlr ysdj vkSlr lkSj fnu Kkr fd;k tkrk gSA
1 lkSj o"kZ = 365.25 vkSlr fnol

1
;k vkSlr lkSj fnol = lkSj o"kZ dk Hkkx
365.25

(iv) lSMfj;y fnu : fdlh nwj rkjs ds lkis{k i`Foh }kjk viuh v{k ds ifjr% ,d [Link] ?[Link] esa yxk le; ,d lSMfj;y fnu dgykrk
gSA
1 lkSj o"kZ = 366.25 lSMfj;y fnu = 365.25 vkSlr lkSj fnu

vr% 1 lSMfj;y fnu 1 lkSj fnu ls de gksrk gSA

5
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
(v) 'ksd : ;g le; dk O;ogkfjd ek=d gS] ijUrq orZeku esa bldk mi;ksx ugha fd;k tkrk
1 'ksd = 10– 8 lSd.M

HkkSfrd jkf'k;ksa dh foek,Wa

tc fdlh O;qRiUu jkf’k dks ewyHkwr jkf’k ds inksa esa O;Dr fd;k tkrk gS rks bls ewyHkwr jkf’k;ksa dh fofHkUu ?kkrksa ds [Link] ds
:i esa fy[kk tkrk gSA bu ?kkrksa dks ftUgsa nh xbZ HkkSfrd jkf’k O;Dr djus ds fy, yxk;k tkrk gS foek;sa dgykrh gSA
bls vkSj Li"V djus ds fy, HkkSfrd jkf’k cy ij fopkj djrs gSa
nzO;eku × osx nzO;eku × yEckbZ@le;
cy = nzO;eku × Roj.k = = = nzO;eku × yEckbZ × (le;)–2 .... (i)
le; le;
vr% cy dh foek,¡ nzO;eku esa 1] yEckbZ esa 1 rFkk le; esa – 2 gSaA
;gk¡ HkkSfrd jkf’k ftls ewy jkf’k;ksa ds inksa esa O;Dr fd;k tkuk gS cM+s dks"Vd esa fy[kk tkrk gSA tks ;g çnf’kZr djrk gS fd
lehdj.k foekvksa ds e/; gS u fd [Link] ds e/;A
vr% lehdj.k (i) bl çdkj fy[kk tk ldrk gSA
[cy] = [MLT–2]
ewyHkwr jkf’k;ksa ds inksa esa HkkSfrd jkf’k dk O;atd foeh; lehdj.k dgykrk gSA ;fn ge lehdj.k ds dsoy nkfgus Hkkx ij
fopkj djsa rks O;atd foeh; lw= dgykrk gSA
vr% cy dk foeh; lw=, [MLT – 2] gksxkA
[Link] HkkSfrdh dh [Link] foek,Wa
;kaf=dh
Øekad jkf'k ek=d foek,¡
(1) osx ;k pky (v) m/s [M0L1T –1]

(2) Roj.k (a) m/s2 [M0LT –2]

(3) laosx (P) kg-m/s [M1L1T –1]

(4) vkosx (I) Newton-sec ;k kg-m/s [M1L1T –1]

(5) cy (F) Newton [M1L1T –2]

(6) nkc (P) Pascal [M1L–1T –2]

(7) xfrt +ÅtkZ (EK) Joule [M1L2T –2]

(8) 'kfDr (P) Watt ;k Joule/s [M1L2T –3]

(9) ?kuRo (d) kg/m3 [M1L– 3T 0]

(10) [Link]; foLFkkiu (θ) Radian (rad.) [M0L0T 0]

(11) [Link]; osx (ω) Radian/sec [M0L0T – 1]

(12) [Link]; Roj.k (α) Radian/sec2 [M0L0T – 2]

(13) tM+Ro vk?[Link] (I) kg-m2 [M1L2T0]

(14) cy vk?[Link] (τ) Newton-meter [M1L2T –2]

(15) [Link]; laosx (L) Joule-sec [M1L2T –1]

6
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
Øekad jkf'k ek=d foek,¡
(16) cy fu;rkad ;k fLçax fu;rkad (k) Newton/m [M1L0T –2]

(17) xq#Roh; fu;rkad (G) N-m2/kg2 [M–1L3T – 2]

(18) xq#Roh; {ks= dh rhozrk (Eg) N/kg [M0L1T – 2]

(19) xq#Roh; foHko (Vg) Joule/kg [M0L2T – 2]

(20) i`"B ruko (T) N/m ;k Joule/m2 [M1L0T – 2]

(21) osx ç[Link] (Vg) Second–1 [M0L0T – 1]

(22) ';kurk [Link] (η) kg/m-s [M1L– 1T – 1]

(23) çfrcy N/m2 [M1L– 1T – 2]

(24) fod`fr bdkbZ ghu [M0L0T 0]

(25) çR;kLFkrk [Link] (E) N/m2 [M1L– 1T – 2]

(26) ikWbtu vuqikr (σ) bdkbZ ghu [M0L0T 0]

(27) vkorZdky (T) Second [M0L0T1]

(28) vko`fÙk (n) Hz [M0L0T –1]

Å"ek
Øekad jkf'k ek=d foek,¡
(1) rki (T) Kelvin [M0L0T0θ 1]

(2) Å"ek (Q) Joule [ML2T– 2]

(3) fof'k"V Å"ek (c) Joule/kg-K [M0L2T– 2θ –1]

(4) Å"ek /kkfjrk Joule/K [M1L2T – 2θ –1]

(5) xqIr Å"ek (L) Joule/kg [M0L2T – 2]

(6) xSl fu;rkad (R) Joule/mol-K [M1L2T– 2θ – 1]

(7) cksYV~tesu fu;rkad (k) Joule/K [M1L2T– 2θ – 1]

(8) Å"ek pkydrk [Link] (K) Joule/m-s-K [M1L1T– 3θ – 1]

(9) LVhQu fu;rkad (σ) Watt/m2-K4 [M1L0T– 3θ – 4]

(10) ohUl fu;rkad (b) Meter-K [M0L1Toθ1]

(11) Iykad fu;rkad (h) Joule-s [M1L2T–1]

(12) js[kh; çlkj [Link] (α) Kelvin–1 [M0L0T0θ –1]

(13) Å"ek dk ;kaf=d rqY;kad (J) Joule/Calorie [M0L0T0]

(14) [Link] oky fu;rkad (a) Newton-m4 [ML5T– 2]

(15) [Link] oky fu;rkad (b) m3 [M0L3T0]

7
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
fo|qr
Øekad jkf'k Ekk=d foek,¡

(1) fo|qr vkos’k (q) Coulomb [M0L0T1A1]

(2) fo|qr/kkjk (I) Ampere [M0L0T0A1]

(3) /kkfjrk (C) Coulomb/volt ;k Farad [M–1L–2T4A2]

(4) fo|qr foHko (V) Joule/coulomb [M1L2T–3A–1]

Coulomb 2
(5) eqDr vkdk’k dh fo|qr’khyrk (ε0) Newton - meter 2
[M–1L–3T4A2]

(6) ijkoS|qr fu;rkad (K) bdkbZ ghu [M0L0T0]

(7) çfrjks/k (R) Volt/Ampere ;k ohm [M1L2T– 3A– 2]

(8) çfrjks/kdrk ;k fof’k"V çfrjks/k (ρ) Ohm-meter [M1L3T– 3A– 2]

volt − second
(9) Loçsj.k [Link] (L) ;k henery or ohm-second [M1L2T– 2A– 2]
ampere

(10) pqEcdh; ¶yDl (φ) Volt-second ;k weber [M1L2T–2A–1]

newton Joule
ampere − meter ampere − meter 2
(11) pqEcdh;&çsj.k (B) [M1L0T– 2A– 1]
volt − second
;k Tesla
meter 2

(12) pqEcdu rhozrk (H) Ampere/meter [M0L– 1T0A1]

(13) pqEcdh; f}/kzqo vk?[Link] (M) Ampere-meter2 [M0L2T0A1]

Newton Joule
ampere 2
;k ;k
ampere 2 − meter
(14) eqDr vkdk’k dh pqEcdu’khyrk (µ0) [M1L1T–2A–2]
Volt − second Ohm − sec ond henery
;k ;k
ampere − meter meter meter

(15) i`"Bh; vkos’k ?kuRo (σ) Coulomb metre −2 [M0L–2T1A1]

(16) fo|qr f}/kzqo vk?[Link] (p) Coulomb − meter [M0L1T1A1]

(17) pkydrk (G) (1/R) ohm −1 [M–1L–2T3A2]

(18) fof'k"V pkydrk (σ) (1/ρ) ohm −1meter −1 [M–1L–3T3A2]

(19) /kkjk ?kuRo (J) Ampere/m2 [M0L–2T0A1]

(20) fo|qr {ks= dh rhozrk (E) Volt/meter, Newton/coulomb [M1L1T –3A–1]

(21) fjMoxZ fu;rkad (R) m–1 [M0L–1T0]

8
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
leku foekvksas okyh HkkSfrd jkf'k;k¡

Øekad foek,¡ jkf'k;k¡

(1) [M0L0T–1] vko`fÙk] [Link]; vko`fÙk] [Link]; osx] osx ç[Link] rFkk {k; fu;rkad
(2) [M1L2T–2] dk;Z] vkUrfjd ÅtkZ] fLFkfrt ÅtkZ] xfrt ÅtkZ] cy vk?[Link]] cy dk vk?[Link]
(3) [M1L–1T–2] nkc] çfrcy] ;ax çR;kLFkrk [Link]] vk;ru çR;kLFkrk [Link]] n`<+rk [Link]] ÅtkZ ?kuRo
(4) [M1L1T–1] laosx] vkosx
(5) 0 1 –2
[M L T ] xq#Roh; Roj.k] xq#Roh; {ks= dh rhozrk
(6) [M1L1T–2] mNky cy] cy] Hkkj] ÅtkZ ç[Link]
(7) [M1L2T–1] [Link]; laosx rFkk Iykad fu;rkad
(8) [M1L0T–2] i`"B ruko] i`"Bh; ÅtkZ] (ÅtkZ çfr bdkbZ {ks=Qy)
fod`fr] viorZukad] lkis{k ?kuRo] dks.k] ?ku dks.k] nwjh ç[Link]] lkis{k fo|qr’khyrk (ijkoS|qrkad)] lkis{k
(9) [M0L0T0]
pqEcdu’khyrk vkfnA
(10) [M0L2T–2] xqIr Å"ek rFkk xq:Roh; foHko
(11) [M0L2T–2θ–1] Å"eh; /kkfjrk] xSl fu;rkad] oksYV~lesu fu;rkad] rFkk ,sUVªkWih

(12) [M0L0T1] l g , m k , R g , tgk¡ l = yEckbZ] g = xq#Roh; Roj.k] m = nzO;eku] k = fLçax fu;rkaad

(13) [M0L0T1] L/R, LC , RC tgk¡ L = çsjdRo] R = çfrjks/k C = /kkfjrk

V2 q2
I 2 Rt, t, VIt, qV , LI 2 , , CV 2 tgk¡ I = /kkjk] t = le;] q = vkos’k]
(14) [ML2T–2] R C
L = çsjdRo] C = /kkfjrk] R = çfrjks/k

foeh; fo'ys"k.k ds vuqiz;ksx

(1) fdlh HkkSfrd jkf'k dk nh gq;h ek=d i)fr esa ek=d Kkr djuk : fdlh HkkSfrd jkf’k dk lw= ;k ifjHkk"kk fy[kdj ge bldh
foek,¡ Kkr djrs gSaA foeh; lw= esa M, L rFkk T ds LFkku ij vko’;d i)fr ds ewyHkwr ek=d j[kdj ml i)fr esa ge HkkSfrd jkf’k
dk ek=d Kkr dj ysrs gSaA fQj Hkh dHkh&dHkh bl ek=d ds fy, ge ,d fof’k"V uke ns nsrs gSaA
mnkgj.k ds fy,] dk;Z = cy × foLFkkiu
vr% [W] = [MLT–2] × [L] = [ML2T–2]
vr% C.G.S. i)fr esa bldk ek=d g cm2/s2 gS ftls vxZ dgk tkrk gSA tcfd M.K.S. i)fr esa kg m2/s2 gksxk ftls twy dgrs
gSaA
a
Problem 1. lehdj.k  P + 2  (V − b) = fu;rkad esa ‘a’ dk ek=d gksxk [MNR 1995; AFMC 1995]
 V 

(a) Mk;u × lseh 5 (b) Mk;u × lseh 4 (c) Mk;u@lseh 3 (d) Mk;u@lseh 2

a 
Solution : (b) foeh; lekaxrk ds fl)kUr ls [P ] =  2
V 
⇒ [a] = [P ] [V 2 ] = [ML−1T −2 ] [L6 ] = [ML5 T −2 ]

9
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
5 −2 4
;k ‘a’ dk ek=d = xzke × lseh × lSd.M = Mk;u × lseh
Problem 2. ;fn x = at + bt 2 , tgk¡ x oLrqq }kjk ^fdeh* esa pyh xbZ nwjh rFkk t lSd.M esa le; gks rks b dk ek=d gS
[CBSE PMT 1993]
2 2
(a) km/s (b) km-s (c) km/s (d) km-s
x
Solution : (c) foeh; lekaxrk fl)kUr ls] [ x] = [bt 2 ] ⇒ [b] =  2  ∴ b dk ek=d = km/s2.
t 
Problem 3. fujis{k fo|qr’khyrk dk ek=d gS [EAMCET (Med.) 1995; Pb. PMT 2001]

(a) QSjM&ehVj (b) QSjM@ehVj (c) QSjM@ehVj 2 (d) QSjM

C
Solution : (b) lw= C = 4πε 0 R ls ∴ ε0 =
4πR
/kkfjrk rFkk f=T;k ds ek=d j[kus ij ε 0 dk ek=d QSjM@ehVj
Problem 4. LVhQu fu;rkad dk ek=d gS [MP PMT 1989]

(a) Js −1 (b) Jm −2 s −1 K −4 (c) Jm −2 (d) Js

Q Q twy
Solution : (b) LVhQu dk lw= = σT 4 ∴ σ = 4
∴ σ dk ek=d = = Jm −2 s −1 K −4
At AtT ehVj × lSd.M × K 4
2

Problem 5. SI i)fr esa i`"B ruko dk ek=d gS

[MP PMT 1984; AFMC 1986; CPMT 1985, 87; CBSE 1993; Karnataka CET (Engg/Med.) 1999; DCE 2000, 01]
2 2
(a) Mk;u@lseh (b) U;wVu@ehVj (c) Mk;u@lseh (d) U;wVu@ ehVj

F
Solution : (b) i`"B ruko ds lw= T = esa
l
cy rFkk yEckbZ ds S.I. ek=d j[kus ij ge i`"B ruko dk ek=d çkIr dj ldrs gSaA
i`"B ruko dk ek=d = U;wVu@ehVj
Problem 6. xq#Roh; fu;rkad dh bdkbZ gSa [MNR 1988]
−1
(a) fdxkz ehVj lSd.M (b) U;wVu ehVj −1 lSd.M (c) U;wVu ehVj 2 fdxzk − 2 (d) fdxzk ehVj lSd.M −1

Gm1m2 Fr 2
Solution : (c) pw¡fd F = ∴ G=
r2 m1m2

mijksDr jkf’k;ksa ds ek=d j[kus ij G dk ek=d = U;wVu ehVj 2 fdxzk − 2 gksxkA

Problem 7. lkoZf=d xSl fu;rkad (R) dk S.I. ek=d gS
[MP Board 1988; JIPMER 1993; AFMC 1996; MP PMT 1987, 94; CPMT 1984, 87; UPSEAT 1999]

(a) okV K −1 eksy −1 (b) U;wVu K −1 eksy − 1 (c) twy K −1 eksy − 1 (d) vxZ K −1 eksy − 1

[ P ] [V ] [ ML−1 T −2 ] [ L3 ] [ML2 T −2 ]
Solution : (c) vkn’kZ xSl lehdj.k PV = nRT ∴ [R] = = =
[nT ] [eksy] [ K ] [eksy] × [K ]

vr% bldk ek=d twy K − 1 eksy − 1 gksxkA

10
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
(2) HkkSfrd fu;rkad ;k [Link] dh foek,¡ Kkr djuk : blds fy, gesa loZizFke ,slk lw= ;k O;atd fy[kuk pkfg, ftlesa og
fu;rkad iz;qDr gksrk gks ftldh foek Kkr djuh gSA rRi'pkr~ ml lw= esa 'ks"k lHkh jkf'k;ksa dh foekvksa dks izfrLFkkfir djds] vKkr
fu;rkad dh foek izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA
m1m2 Fr 2
(i) xq#Roh; fu;rkad : U;wVu ds xq:Rokd"kZ.k fu;e ls F = G ;k G =
r2 m1m2

[MLT −2 ][ L2 ]
lHkh HkkSfrd jkf’k;ksa dh foek,¡ j[kus ij [G] = = [ M −1 L3T − 2 ]
[ M ][ M ]

E
(ii) Iykad fu;rkad : Iykad ds vuqlkj E = hν ;k h =
ν

[ ML2T −2 ]
lHkh HkkSfrd jkf’k;ksa dh foek,¡ j[kus ij [h] = = [ ML2T −1 ]
[T −1 ]

dV πpr 4 πpr 4
(iii) ';kurk [Link] : ikWblyh lw= ds vuqlkj = ;k η =
dt 8ηl 8l(dV / dt)

[ ML−1T −2 ][ L4 ]
lHkh HkkSfrd jkf’k;ksa dh foek,¡ j[kus ij [η] = 3
= [ ML−1T −1 ]
[ L][ L / T ]

Problem 8. ;fn X rFkk Z Øe'k% /kkfjrk rFkk pqEcdh; {ks= dks n'kkZrs gksa rks (MKSA) i)fr esa Y dh foek D;k gksxh tcfd X,
Y vkSj Z esa fuEu lEcU/k gS X = 3YZ 2 [MP PMT 2003]

(a) M −3 L−2 T −4 A −1 (b) ML−2 (c) M −3 L−2 T 4 A 4 (d) M −3 L−2 T 8 A 4

[X] [M −1 L−2 T 4 A 2 ]
Solution : (d) X = 3YZ 2 ∴ [Y ] = = = [ M −3 L−2 T 8 A 4 ]
[Z 2] [MT − 2 A −1 ] 2

1
Problem 9. dh foek gS tgk¡ çrhdksa ds lkekU; vFkZ gSa [AIEEE 2003]
µ 0ε 0

(a) [ LT −1 ] (b) [ L−1 T ] (c) [ L−2 T 2 ] (d) [ L2 T −2 ]

1 1
Solution : (d) ge tkurs gSa fd çdk’k dk osx C = ∴ = C2
µ 0ε 0 µ0ε 0

 1  −1 2 2 −2
∴ vr%   = [ LT ] = [ L T ]
 µ 0ε 0 

Problem 10. ;fn L, C vkSj R Øe’k% çsjdRo] /kkfjrk rFkk çfrjks/k dks çnf’kZr djrs gSa rks C 2 LR dk foeh; lw= gS
[UPSEAT 2002]

(a) [ ML−2 T −1 I 0 ] (b) [ M 0 L0 T 3 I 0 ] (c) [ M −1 L−2 T 6 I 2 ] (d) [ M 0 L0 T 2 I 0 ]

 R   R 
Solution : (b) [C 2 LR] = C 2 L2  = (LC)2  
 L   L 
1 1
vkSj ge tkurs gSa fd LC ifjiFk dh vko`fÙk f = gSA vFkkZr~ LC dh foek [T 2 ] ds cjkcj gksxhA
2π LC
L L
rFkk   , L − R ifjiFk dk le; fu;rkad gksrk gSA vr%   dh foek,¡ [T] ds cjkcj gksxh
R R

11
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
 R 
mijksDr foek,¡ fn;s x;s lw= esa j[kus ij (LC)2   = [T 2 ]2[T −1] = [T 3 ] A
L   

Problem 11. cy F = at + bt 2 ; gS tgk¡ t le; gS rks a rFkk b dh foek,¡ Øe'k% gksxha [BHU 1998; AFMC 2001]

(a) MLT −3 rFkk ML2 T −4 (b) MLT −3 rFkk MLT −4 (c) MLT −1 rFkk MLT 0 (d) MLT −4 rFkk MLT 1

F  MLT −2 
Solution : (b) foeh; lekaxrk ds fl)kar ls [F ] = [at] ∴ [a] =   =  −3
 = [ MLT ]
t  T 

F  MLT −2 
blhçdkj [F ] = [bt 2 ] ∴ [b] =  2  =  2  = [MLT −4 ]
t   T 

v0 
Problem 12. fdlh le; t ij d.k dh fLFkfr x(t) =  −α t
 (1 − c ) ls nh tkrh gS tgk¡ v 0 ,d fu;rkad gS rFkk α > 0 rks v 0
α 
rFkk α dh foek,¡ [CBSE PMT 1995]

(a) M 0 L1 T −1 ,oa T −1 (b) M 0 L1 T 0 ,oa T −1 (c) M 0 L1 T −1 ,oa LT −2 (d) M 0 L1 T −1 ,oa T

1
Solution : (a) foeh; lekaxrk ds fl)kUr ls] [α t] = foekghu ∴ [α ] =   = [T −1]
t
[v0 ]
blh izdkj [ x] = ∴ [v 0 ] = [ x][α ] = [L] [T −1 ] = [LT −1 ]
[α ]
X
Problem 13. lw= cy = }kjk X dh foek izkIr gksxh [DCE 1993]
?kuRo
(a) M 1 L4 T −2 (b) M 2 L−2 T −1 (c) M 2 L−2T −2 (d) M 1 L−2 T −1
Solution : (c) [X] = [cy] × [?kuRo] = [ MLT −2 ] × [ ML−3 ] = [ M 2 L−2T −2 ]
n 2 − n1
Problem 14. bdkbZ le; esa X- v{k ds yEcor~ ,dkad {ks=Qy ls xqtjus okys [Link] dh la[;k n = − D }kjk nh tkrh
x 2 − x1
gSA ;gk¡ n1 ,oa n2 Øe'k% x2 ,oa x1 fLFkfr esa izfr bdkbZ vk;ru esa fLFkr [Link] dh la[;k gS] rc folj.k [Link] D
dk foeh; lw= gksxk [CPMT 1979]

(a) M 0 LT 2 (b) M 0 L2 T −4 (c) M 0 LT −3 (d) M 0 L2 T −1

[Link] dh la[;k [ M 0 L0 T 0 ]
Solution : (d) (n) = bdkbZ le; esa bdkbZ {ks=Qy ls xqtjus okys [Link] dh la[;k = = = [L−2T −1 ]
A×t [ L2 ] [T ]

[n1 ] = [n2 ] = bdkbZ vk;ru esa [Link] dh la[;k = [L−3 ]

[n][ x 2 − x1 ] [ L−2 T −1 ] [ L]
fn;s x;s lw= ls [D] = = −3
= [L2 T −1 ]
[n2 − n1 ] [L ]

Fl 2
Problem 15. E, m, l rFkk G Øe’k% ÅtkZ] nzO;eku] [Link]; laosx rFkk xq:Rokd"kZ.k fu;rkad dks çnf’kZr djrs gSa rks dh
m5 G 2
foek,¡ gSa [AIIMS 1985]

(a) dks.k (b) yEckbZ (c) nzO;eku (d) le;

Solution : (a) [E] = ÅtkZ = [ ML2T −2 ] , m = nzO;eku = [M], [l] = [Link]; laosx = [ML2T −1]
[G] = xq#Roh; fu;rkad = [ M −1 L3T −2 ]

12
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
2 2 2 −2 2 −1 2
Fl Fl [ ML T ] × [ ML T ]
mijksDr jkf’k;ksa dh foek,¡ esa j[kus ij = = [M 0 L0T 0 ]
m5 G 2 m5 G 2 [ M 5 ] × [ M −1 L3T − 2 ]2
vFkkZr~ ;g jkf’k ^dks.k* gksuh pkfg,A
x
Problem 16. rjax lehdj.k Y = A sin ω  − k  ls nh tkrh gS tgk¡ ω [Link]; osx rFkk v js[kh; osx gS rks k dh foek,¡ gksaxh
v 
[MP PMT 1993]

(a) LT (b) T (c) T −1 (d) T 2

foeh; lekaxrk ds fl)kar ls [k] =   =  −1  = [T ]

x L
Solution : (b)
v   LT 

A x
Problem 17. fdlh d.k dh fLFkfrt ÅtkZ] fu;r fcUnq ls nwjh x ds lkis{k U = ds vuqlkj ifjofrZr gksrh gSA tgk¡ A
x2 + B
rFkk B foeh; fu;rkad gS] AB dk foeh; lw= gS
(a) ML7/2T −2 (b) ML11 / 2 T −2 (c) M 2 L9 / 2T −2 (d) ML13 / 2T −3

Solution : (b) foeh; lekaxrk ds fl)kar ls [ x 2 ] = [B] ∴ [B] = [L2]

[ A] [ x 1 / 2 ] [ A][L1 / 2 ]
,oa [U ] = 2
⇒ [ML2 T − 2 ] = 2
∴ [ A] = [ML7 / 2 T −2 ]
[ x ] + [B] [L ]

vc [ AB] = [ML7 / 2 T −2 ] × [L2 ] = [ML11 / 2T −2 ]

1
Problem 18. ε0E2 dh foek,¡ gksaxh (tgk¡ ε 0 = eqDr vkdk’k dh fo|qr’khyrk; E = fo|qr {ks=) [IIT-JEE 1999]
2

(a) MLT −1 (b) ML 2 T −2 (c) ML −1 T −2 (d) ML2T −1

1 ÅtkZ  ML2 T −2  −1 − 2
Solution : (c) ÅtkZ ?kuRo = ε0E2 = =  = [ML T ]
2 vk;ru  L3 

dx x 
Problem 19. foeh; fo’ys"k.k dk mi;ksx djds fuEu lekdyu esa n dk eku Kkr dhft, ∫ 2 1/ 2
(2ax − x )
= an sin −1  − 1
a 

1
(a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) 0 (d)
2
Solution : (c) ekuk x = yEckbZ ∴ [ X ] = [L] rFkk [dx] = [L]
x
foeh; lekaxrk ds fl)kar ls]   = foekghu ∴ [a] = [ x] = [L]
a
[ L]
nksuksa vksj çR;sd jkf’k dh foek,¡ j[kus ij] = [ Ln ] ∴ n = 0
[ L − L2 ]1 / 2
2

B2l 2
Problem 20. lw= P = esa P dh foek,¡ gksaxhA ¼B = pqEcdh; çsj.k, l = yEckbZ rFkk m = nzO;eku½
m

(a) MLT −3 (b) ML2T −4 I–2 (c) M 2 L2 T −4 I (d) MLT −2 I −2

[F ] [ MLT −2 ]
Solution : (b) F = BIL ∴ [B] dh foek,¡ = = = [MT −2 I −1 ]
[ I ] [ L] [ I ] [ L]

13
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
2 2 −2 −1 2 2
B l [MT I ] × [L ]
[P] dh foek,¡ = = = [ML2 T −4 I −2 ]
m [M ]

2πct   2πx 
Problem 21. vçxkeh rjax lehdj.k y = 2a sin   cos  ls nh tkrh gSA fuEu esa ls dkSulk dFku xyr gS
 λ   λ 

(a) ct dk ek=d λ ds leku gS (b) x dk ek=d λ ds leku gS

(c) 2πc /λ dk ek=d 2πx /λt ds leku gS (d) c/λ dk ek=d x / λ ds leku gS

2πct 2πx 2πct   2πx 

Solution : (d) ;gk¡] rFkk foekghu (dks.k) gS vFkkZr~  =
0 0 0
 = [M L T ]
λ λ  λ   λ 

2πc  2πx 
vr% (i) c t dk ek=d λ ds leku gS (ii) x dk ek=d λ ds leku gS (iii)   =  
 λ   λt 

x c
rFkk (iv) foekghu gS] tcfd foek;qDr gksxkA
λ λ

(3) fdlh HkkSfrd jkf'k dks ,d i)fr ls vU; i)fr esa cnyuk : HkkSfrd jkf'k dk ifjek.k P = nu fu;r gksrk gSA

;fn fdlh HkkSfrd jkf'k X dk foeh; lw= [MaLbTc] gS rFkk ;fn HkkSfrd jkf'k ds ek=d nks i)fr;ksa esa Øe'k% [M 1a Lb1 T1c ] rFkk
[M 2a Lb2 T2c ] gS rFkk n1 rFkk n2 bu nks i)fr;ksa esa Øe'k% vkafdd eku gSa rks n1 [u1 ] = n2 [u 2 ]

⇒ n1 [M 1a Lb1 T1c ] = n 2 [M 2a Lb2 T2c ]

a b c
 M   L  T 
⇒ n 2 = n1  1   1   1 
 M 2   L2   T2 
tgk¡] M1, L1 rFkk T1 çFke ¼Kkr½ i)fr esa nzO;eku] yEckbZ rFkk le; ds ewy ek=d gSa rFkk M2, L2 rFkk T2 f}rh; (vKkr)
i)fr esa nzO;eku] yEckbZ rFkk le; ds ewy ek=d gSA vr% nksuksa i)fr;ksa esa ewy ek=dksa ds eku Kkr gksus ij rFkk çFke i)fr esa
vkafdd eku Kkr gksus ij vU; i)fr esa vkafdd eku Kkr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
mnkgj.k: (1) U;wVu dk Mkbu esa :[Link]
cy dk S.I. ek=d U;wVu gS rFkk bldk foeh; lw= [MLT–2] gSA
vr% 1 N = 1 kg-m/ sec2
a b c 1 1 −2 1 1
 M   L  T   kg   m   sec   10 3 gm   10 3 cm   sec  −2 5
n 2 = n1  1   1   1  = 1       = 1      = 10
M L T
 2  2  2  gm   cm   sec   gm   cm   sec 

∴ 1 U;wVu = 105 Mkbu

(2) xq#Roh; fu;rkad (G) dks C.G.S. ls M.K.S. i)fr esa cnyuk
C.G.S. i)fr esa G dk eku 6.67 × 10–8 C.G.S. ek=d gksrk gS tcfd bldk foeh; lw= [M–1L3T–2]
vr% G = 6.67 × 10–8 cm3/g s2
a b c −1 3 −2
 M   L  T   gm   cm   sec 
n2 = n1  1   1   1  = 6.67 × 10 − 8      
 M 2   L2   T2   kg   m   sec 

14
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
−1
 gm   cm  3  sec  −2
= 6.67 × 10 − 8  3   2    = 6.67 × 10
−11

 10 gm   10 cm   sec 

∴ G = 6.67 × 10–11 M.K.S. ek=d

Problem 22. fdlh HkkSfrd jkf'k ds ekiu ij bldk eku nu çkIr gksrk gS tgk¡ n = vkafdd eku rFkk u = ek=d gSA
rks fuEu esa ls dkSulk lEcU/k lR; gS [RPET 2003]

1
(a) n ∝ u 2 (b) n ∝ u (c) n ∝ u (d) n ∝
u
1
Solution : (d) ge tkurs gSa fd P = nu = fu;rkad ∴ n1u1 = n2u2 ;k n ∝
u
Problem 23. C.G.S. i)fr esa cy dk ifjek.k 100 Mkbu gSA vU; i)fr esa tgk¡ ewyHkwr jkf'k;k¡ fdyksxzke] ehVj rFkk feuV gSa]
cy dk ifjek.k gksxk [EAMCET 2001]

(a) 0.036 (b) 0.36 (c) 3.6 (d) 36

Solution : (c) n1 = 100 , M1 = g , L1 = cm , T1 = sec rFkk M 2 = kg , L2 = metre, T2 = minute, x = 1 , y = 1 , z = −2
x y z
 M 1   L1   T1 
bu ekuksa dks lw= n2 = n1       esa j[kus ij
 M 2   L2   T2 
1 1 −2
 gm   cm   sec 
n2 = 100      
 kg   metre   minute 
1
 gm   cm 1  sec  −2
n2 = 100  3   2    = 3.6
 10 gm   10 cm   60 sec 
Problem 24. dSfYou iSekus ij fdlh oLrq dk rki X K ik;k x;kA tc bls QsjugkbV rkiekih ls ekik tk;s rks ;g X F çkIr
gksrk gSA rks X dk eku gS [UPSEAT 2000]

(a) 301.25 (b) 574.25 (c) 313 (d) 40

K − 273 F − 32
Solution : (c) lsUVhxzsM rFkk QSjugkbV esa lEcU/k =
5 9
X − 273 X − 32
ç'u ds vuqlkj = ∴ X = 313
5 9
Problem 25. dkSulk lEcU/k xyr gS [RPMT 1997]

(a) 1 dSyksjh = 4.18 twy (b) 1Å =10–10 m

(c) 1 MeV = 1.6 × 10–13 twy (d) 1 U;wVu =10–5 Mkbu

Solution : (d) D;ksafd] 1 U;wVu = 10 5 Mkbu

F L
Problem 26. fdlh rkj dk ;ax ekikad Kkr djus ds fy, lw= Y = . dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA tgk¡ L= yEckbZ] A= rkj
A ∆l
dk vuqçLFk dkV dk {ks=Qy] ∆L = rkj dh yEckbZ esa ifjorZu tcfd bls F cy ls [khapk tk;sA ;ax ekikad dks
C.G.S. i)fr ls M.K.S. i)fr es ifjorZu ds fy, :ikUrj.k [Link] gksxk [MP PET 1983]

(a) 1 (b) 10 (c) 0.1 (d) 0.01

15
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
−1 −2
Solution : (c) ge tkurs gSa ;ax ekikad dh foek,¡ [ML T ] gSa

C.G.S. i)fr esa bldk ek=d gm cm −1 sec −2 rFkk M.K.S. i)fr esa : kg. m–1 sec–2 gksxkA
1 −1 −2 1 −1 −2
M  L   T1   gm   cm   sec 
:ikUrj.k lw= ls n 2 = n1  1   1    =     sec 
 M 2   L2   T2   kg   metre   
1 −1 −2
n 2  gm   cm   sec  1
vr% :ikUrj.k [Link] =    = = 0.1
n1  10 3 gm   10 2 cm   sec  10

Problem 27. 1 MW 'kfDr dk ,slh u;h i)fr esa :ikUrj.k djus ij ftlesa nzO;eku] yEckbZ] rFkk le; ds ewy ek=d Øe'k%
10kg] 1dm rFkk 1 fefuV gksa] ifjorZu [Link] gksxk

(a) 2.16 × 1012 ek=d (b) 1.26 × 1012 ek=d (c) 2.16 × 1010 ek=d (d) 2 × 1014 ek=d

Solution : (a) [P ] = [ML2 T −3 ]

x y z 1 2 −3
 M   L  T   1 kg   1m   1s 
vc n2 = n1  1   1   1  = 1 × 10 6       [pw¡fd
 M 2   L2   T2   10 kg   1 dm   1 min 
1MW = 10 6 W ]
2 −3
 1kg   10 dm   1sec 
= 10 6      = 2.16 × 10 12 ek=d
 10kg   1 dm   60 sec 

α2 F1
Problem 28. fdUgha nks ek=d i)fr;ksa esa osx] Roj.k rFkk cyksa esa fuEu lEcU/k gSa v2 = v1, a2 = αβa1 rFkk F2 = tgk¡ α
β αβ
vkSj β fu;rkad gSaA bu i)fr;ksa esa nzO;eku] yEckbZ rFkk le; ds chp lEcU/k gksxk

α α2 α 3T1 1 α3 α
(a) M 2 = M1, L2 = 2 L1, T2 = (b) M 2 = M1, L2 = L , T = T1 2
3 1 2
β β β α 2β 2 β β

α3 α2 α α2 α α3
(c) M 2 = M ,
1 2L = L1, T2 = T1 (d) M 2 = M ,
1 2L = L ,
1 2T = T1
β3 β2 β β2 β2 β3

α2 α2
Solution : (b) v 2 = v1 ⇒ [ L2 T2−1 ] = [ L1 T1−1 ] ......(i)
β β

a 2 = a1αβ ⇒ [L2 T2−2 ] = [L1 T1−2 ]αβ ......(ii)

F1 1
rFkk F2 = ⇒ [M 2 L2 T2− 2 ] = [M 1 L1 T1− 2 ] × ......(iii)
αβ αβ

M1 M
lehdj.k (iii) esa lehdj.k (ii) dk Hkkx nsus ij gesa çkIr gksxk M 2 = = 2 12
(αβ )(αβ ) α β

α3
lehdj.k (i) dk oxZ djus rFkk lehdj.k (ii) ls Hkkx djus ij gesa çkIr gksxk L2 = L1
β3

α
lehdj.k (i) dks lehdj.k (ii) ls Hkkx nsus ij gesa çkIr gksxk T2 = T1
β2

16
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
1
Problem 29. ;fn yEckbZ] le; rFkk nzO;eku ds orZeku ek=dksa (m, s, kg) dks Øe'k% 100m, 100s, rFkk kg esa cny fn;k tk; rks
10
1
(a) osx dk u;k ek=d 10 xquk c<+ tk;sxk (b) cy dk u;k ek=d xquk ?kV tk;sxk
1000
(c) ÅtkZ dk u;k ek=d 10 xquk c<+ tk;sxk (d) nkc dk u;k ek=d 1000 xquk c<+ tk;sxk
100m m
Solution : (b) osx dk ek=d = m/sec ; u;h i)fr esa = = (leku)
100 sec sec
kg × m 1 100m 1 kg × m
cy dk ek=d = ; u;h i)fr esa = kg × =
sec 2 10 100 sec × 100 sec 1000 sec 2

kg × m 2 1 100m × 100m 1 kg × m 2
ÅtkZ dk ek=d = ; u;h i)fr esa = kg × =
sec 2 10 100 sec × 100 sec 10 sec 2

kg 1 1 1 kg
nkc dk ek=d = ; u;h i)fr esa = kg × m× = 10 −7
m × sec 2 10 100 100 sec × 100 sec m × sec 2
Problem 30. ekuk ge ,d ubZ i)fr dk mi;ksx djrs gSa ftlesa nzO;eku dk ek=d 100 kg] yEckbZ dk ek=d 1 km rFkk
le; dk ek=d 100 s gS rFkk ÅtkZ dk ek=d eluoj (twy dks mYVs Øe esa fy[kk x;k gS) gks] rks
(a) 1 eluoj = 104 Joule (b) 1 eluoj = 10-3 Joule (c) 1 eluoj = 10-4 Joule (d) 1 Joule = 103 eluoj

Solution : (a) [ E] = [ ML2 T −2 ]

1 eluoj = [100kg] × [1km] 2 × [100 sec] −2 = 100kg × 10 6 m 2 × 10 −4 sec −2 = 10 4 kg m 2 × sec −2 = 10 4 twy

Problem 31. ;fn 1xzke lseh lSd.M −1 = x N-s] rks x dk eku gksxk
(a) 1 × 10 −1 (b) 3 × 10 −2 (c) 6 × 10 −4 (d) 1 × 10 −5

Solution : (d) xzke - lseh lSd.M −1 = 10 −3 kg × 10 −2 m × s −1 = 10 −5 kg × m × s −1 = 10–5 Ns

(4) fn;s x;s HkkSfrd lEca/k dh foeh; :i ls 'kq)rk dh tk¡p djuk : ;g Þfoeh; lekaxrk ds fl)karÞ ij vk/kkfjr gSA bl fl)kar
ds vuqlkj lehdj.k ds nksuksa vksj ds çR;sd inksa dh foek,¡ vo'; leku gksuh pkfg,A
;fn X = A ± (BC)2 ± DEF ,
rks foeh; lekaxrk ds fl)kUr ls [X] = [A] = [(BC)2] = [ DEF ]
;fn nksuksa vksj ds çR;sd in dh foek,¡ leku gSa rks lehdj.k foeh; :i ls 'kq) gksxk vU;Fkk ughaA ,d foeh; :i ls 'kq)
lehdj.k vkafdd :i ls 'kq) gks ldrk gS vkSj ugha HkhA
mnkgj.k : (i) F = mv 2 / r 2
mijksDr lEcU/k esa HkkSfrd jkf'k;ksa dh foek,¡ j[kus ij –
[ MLT −2 ] = [M ][LT −1 ] 2 /[L] 2

vFkkZr~ [ MLT −2 ] = [ MT −2 ]
p¡wfd mijksDr lehdj.k esa nksuksa vksj dh foek,¡ leku ugha gSa; ;g lw= foeh; :i ls 'kq) ugha gS] vr% HkkSfrd :i ls Hkh 'kq)
ugha gks ldrkA
(ii) s = ut − (1 / 2)at 2
mijksDr lEcU/k esa HkkSfrd jkf'k;ksa dh foek,¡ j[kus ij –

17
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
–1 –2 2
[L] = [LT ][T] – [LT ][T ]
vFkkZr~ [L] = [L] – [L]
p¡wfd mijksDr lehdj.k esa nksuksa vksj çR;sd in dh foek,¡ leku gSaA vr% ;g lehdj.k foeh; :i ls 'kq) gSA vkSj pw¡fd xfr
ds lehdj.k ls ge tkurs gSa fd s = ut + (1 / 2)at 2 vr% ;g lehdj.k vkafdd :i ls Hkh 'kq) gSA
Problem 32. foeh; :i ls] fuEu esa ls dkSulk lehdj.k 'kq) gS [CPMT 1983]

R3 GM GM R2
(a) T = 2π (b) T = 2π 3
(c) T = 2π 2
(d) T = 2π
GM R R GM

R3 R3 R
Solution : (a) T = 2π = 2π 2
= 2π [As GM = gR2]
GM gR g

nksuksa vksj çR;sd in dh foek,¡ j[kus ij

1/ 2
 L 
[T ] =   = [T ]
 LT − 2 
L.H.S. = R.H.S. vFkkZr~ mijksDr lehdj.k 'kq) gSA

Problem 33. nzO;eku M rFkk Hkqtk L dk ,d [Link]% n`<+ ?kukdkj xqVdk A] vU; leku foekvksa rFkk vU; n`<+rk [Link] okys
?kukdkj xqVds B ij bl çdkj j[kk gS fd A dk fuEu ry B ds Åijh Qyd dks [Link] :i ls <d ysrk gSA B dk
fuEu Qyd {kSfrt i`"B ij n`<+rk iwoZd j[kk gSA xqVds A dh ,d Qyd ij Hkqtk ds yEcor ,d vR;Yi cy F
yxk;k tkrk gSA cy gVk ysus ds ckn xqVdk A] nksyu djus yxrk gSA bldk vkorZdky gksxk [IIT-JEE 1992]

Mη L ML M
(a) 2π (b) 2π (c) 2π (d) 2π
L Mη η ηL

Solution : (d) fn;k gS M = nzO;eku = [M]] η = n`<+[Link] = [ML−1 T −2 ] , L = yEckbZ = [L]

bu jkf'k;ksa dh foek,¡ fn;s x;s lehdj.k esa j[kus ij lehdj.k dh 'kq)rk dh tk¡p dj ldrs gSaA
1/ 2 1/ 2
 [M ]   M 
[T ] = 2π   =  −1 − 2 
= [T]
 [η] [ L]   ML T L 

L.H.S. = R.H.S. vFkkZr~ mijksDr lw= 'kq) gSA

Problem 34. ,d r f=T;k dh NksVh LVhy dh xsan ';kurk [Link] η okys ';ku nzo ds LrEHk esa xq#Ro ds çHkko esa fxjk;h tkrh
gSA dqN le; ckn xsan dk osx fu;r gks tkrk gS ftls lhekUr osx vT dgrs gSaA lhekUr osx fuHkZj djrk gS (i) xsan
ds nzO;eku ij (ii) η (iii) r rFkk (iv) xq#Roh; Roj.k g ijA rks fuEu esa ls dkSulk lEcU/k foeh; :i ls 'kq) gS
[CPMT 1992; CBSE 1992; NCERT 1983; MP PMT 2001]

mg ηr mgr
(a) vT ∝ (b) vT ∝ (c) vT ∝ ηrmg (d) vT ∝
ηr mg η

Solution : (a) fn;k gS v T = lhekUr osx = [LT −1 ] ] m = nzO;eku = [M]] g = xq:Roh; Roj.k = [LT −2 ]
r = f=T;k = [L], η = ';kurk [Link] = [η]

mg
çR;sd jkf'k ds foeh; lw= fy[kus ij ge fn;s x;s lw= v T ∝ dh lR;rk dh tk¡p dj ldrs gSa
ηr

18
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
−2
[ M ] [ LT ]
∴ [LT −1 ] = −1 −1
= [ LT −1 ]
[ ML T ] [ L]

L.H.S. = R.H.S. vFkkZr~ mijksDr lw= lR; gSA

Problem 35. l yEckbZ rFkk r f=T;k dh uyh ls çfr lSd.M cgrs nzo ¼ftldk ';kurk [Link] η gS rFkk uyh ds fljksa ds chp
nkckUrj P gS½ ds vk;ru ds fy, foeh; :i ls 'kq) lehdj.k gS
πpr 4 πηl 8 pηl πpη
(a) V = (b) V = (c) V = (d) V =
8ηl 8 pr 4
πr 4
8lr 4

vk;ru
Solution : (a) fn;k gS V = çokg dh nj = = [ L3 T −1 ] ] P = nkc = [ ML−1T −2 ] , r = f=T;k = [L]
lSd.M
η = ';[Link] = [ML−1T −1 ] , l = yEckbZ = [L]

πP r 4
çR;sd jkf'k dh foek,¡ mijksDr [Link] esa j[kus ij lehdj.k V = dh lR;rk dh tk¡p dj ldrs gSaA
8ηl

[ ML−1T −2 ] [ L4 ]
∴ [ L3T −1 ] = −1 −1
= [L3 T −1 ]
[ ML T ] [ L]

L.H.S. = R.H.S. vFkkZr~ mijksDr lw= lR; gSA

1
Problem 36. lehdj.k S t = u + a(2t − 1) gS
2
(a) dsoy vkafdd :i ls 'kq) (b) dsoy foeh; :i ls 'kq)
(c) vkafdd rFkk foeh; nksuksa :i ls 'kq) (d) u rks vkafdd :i ls rFkk u gh foeh; :i ls

Solution : (c) fn;k gS St = t osa lSd.M esa oLrq }kjk pyh xbZ nwjh = [LT −1] ] a = Roj.k = [LT −2 ] ]
v = osx = [ LT −1 ] ] t = le; = [T]

çR;sd jkf'k ds foeh; lw= dks fn, x, lehdj.k esa j[kus ij lR;rk dh tk¡p dj ldrs gSaA
1
St = u + a (2t − 1)
2

∴ [ LT −1 ] = [ LT −1 ] + [LT −2 ] [T ] ⇒ [ LT −1 ] = [ LT −1 ] + [ LT −1 ]

pw¡fd çR;sd in dh foek,¡ leku gSaA vr% ;g lehdj.k foeh; :i ls 'kq) gS rFkk xfr foKku ls bl lehdj.k dks
O;qRiUu djus ds ckn ge ;g fl) dj ldrs gSa fd ;g lehdj.k vkafdd :i ls Hkh 'kq) gSA
Problem 37. ;fn osx v] Roj.k A rFkk cy F] ewyHkwr jkf'k ds :i esa pquh tk;s rks [Link]; laosx dk foeh; lw= v] A rFkk F ds
inksa esa gksxk
(a) FA −1 v (b) Fv 3 A −2 (c) Fv 2 A −1 (d) F 2 v 2 A −1

Solution : (b) fn;k gS] v = osx = [LT −1] ] A = Roj.k = [LT −2 ] ] F = cy = [MLT −2 ]
çR;sd jkf'k dh foek,¡ mijksDr lw= esa j[kus ij lw= dh 'kq)rk dh tk¡p dj ldrs gSa
[[Link]; laosx] = Fv 3 A −2

[ ML2 T −1 ] = [ MLT −2 ] [ LT −1 ] 3 [ LT −2 ] −2

19
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
2 −1
= [ML T ]

L.H.S. = R.H.S. vFkkZr~ mijksDr lw= 'kq) gSA

Problem 38. vf/kdre nzO;eku (m) ftls cgrh unh }kjk xfreku fd;k tk ldrk gS] osx (v)] ikuh ds ?kuRo ( ρ ) rFkk xq#Roh;
Roj.k (g) ij fuHkZj djrk gS rks lgh lEcU/k gksxk
ρ 2v 4 ρv6 ρv 4 ρv6
(a) m ∝ (b) m ∝ (c) m ∝ (d) m ∝
g2 g2 g3 g3

Solution : (d) fn;k gS] m = nzO;eku = [M]] v = osx = [LT −1] ] ρ = ?kuRo = [ML−3 ] ] g =xq#Roh; Roj.k = [LT–2]
çR;sd jkf'k dh foek,¡ mijksDr lw= esa j[kus ij lw= dh 'kq)rk dh tk¡p dj ldrs gSa
ρ v6
m=K
g3

[ ML−3 ][ LT −1 ] 6
⇒ [M ] =
[ LT − 2 ] 3
= [M]
L.H.S. = R.H.S. vFkkZr~ mijksDr lw= 'kq) gSA

(5) u;s lEcU/kksa dh LFkkiuk djuk : ;fn fdlh HkkSfrd jkf'k dh vU; jkf'k;ksa ij fuHkZjrk Kkr gks vkSj ;fn fuHkZjrk [Link]
çdkj dh gks] rks foeh; fo'ys"k.k dk mi;ksx djds] jkf'k;ksa ds e/; lEcU/k LFkkfir fd;k tk ldrk gSA
mnkgj.k : (i) ljy yksyd dk vkorZdky
ekuk ljy yksyd dk vkorZdky] xksyd ds nzO;eku (m)] çHkkoh yEckbZ (l)] xq:Roh; Roj.k (g) ij fuHkZj djrk gS
vFkkZr~ T = Km x l y g z ; tgk¡ K = foekghu fu;rkad
;fn mijksDr lEcU/k foeh; :i ls 'kq) gS rks jkf'k;ksa dh foek,¡ bl lehdj.k esa j[kus ij –
[T] = [M]x [L]y [LT–2]z
;k [M0L0T1] = [MxLy+zT–2z]
leku jkf'k;ksa dh ?kkrksa dh rqyuk djus ij x = 0] y = 1/2 rFkk z = – 1/2
l
vr% HkkSfrd lEcU/k T = K
g

l
foekghu fu;rkad dk eku ç;ksxksa ls (2π ) ik;k tkrk gSA vr% T = 2π
g

(ii) LVksd dk fu;e : tc ,d NksVk xksyk fdlh rjy ls de pky ls xqtjrk gS rks ';ku cy F] xfr dk fojks/k djrk gS] ;g
çk;ksfxd :i ls f=T;k r] xksys ds osx v rFkk rjy dh ';kurk η ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
vr% F = f (η, r, v)

;fn Qyu η] r rFkk v ds ?kkr Qyu dk [Link] gks rks F = Kη x r y v z .....(1) ; tgk¡ K = foekghu fu;rkad
;fn mijksDr lEcU/k foeh; :i ls 'kq) gS rks [MLT −2 ] = [ML−1T −1 ] x [L]y [LT −1 ]z
;k [ MLT −2 ] = [ M x L− x + y + z T − x − z ]

20
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
leku jkf'k;ksa dh ?kkrksa dh rqyuk djus ij x = 1; – x + y + z = 1 rFkk – x – z = – 2
x] y vkSj z] ds fy, bu [Link] dks gy djus ij x = y = z = 1
vr% lehdj.k (i) ls F = Kηrv
çk;ksfxd vk/kkj ij K = 6π; vr% F = 6πηrv
;gh LVksd dk fu;e gSA
Problem 39. ;fn çdk'k ds osx (c)] xq#Roh; fu;rkad (G) rFkk Iykad fu;rkad (h) dk ewyHkwr jkf'k ekuk tk;s rks u;h i)fr esa
nzO;eku dh foek,¡ gksaxh [UPSEAT 2002]

(a) c 1 / 2 G1 / 2 h1 / 2 (b) c 1 / 2 G1 / 2 h −1 / 2 (c) c 1 / 2 G −1 / 2 h1 / 2 (d) c −1 / 2 G1 / 2 h1 / 2

Solution : (c) ekuk m ∝ c x G y h z ;k m = K c x Gy hz

nksuksa vksj çR;sd jkf'k dh foek,¡ j[kus ij

[M 1 L0 T 0 ] = K[LT −1 ] x [M −1 L3 T −2 ] y [ML2 T −1 ] z = [M − y + z Lx + 3 y + 2 z T − x − 2y − z ]

nksuksa vksj ls M, L rFkk T dh ?kkrksa dh rqyuk djus ij : − y + z = 1 , x + 3y + 2z = 0 , − x − 2y − z = 0

rhuksa [Link] dks gy djus ij x = 1 / 2 , y = −1 / 2 rFkk z = 1/ 2

∴ m ∝ c 1 / 2 G −1 / 2 h1 / 2
Problem 40. ;fn fdlh nzo dh cw¡n ds dEiu dk vkorZdky (T) i`"B ruko (S)] cw¡n dh f=T;k (r) rFkk nzo ds ?kuRo (ρ ) ij
fuHkZj djrk gS rks T dk lgh O;atd gksxk [AMU (Med.) 2000]

(a) T = K ρr 3 / S (b) T = K ρ 1 / 2 r 3 / S (c) T = K ρr 3 / S 1 / 2 (d) mijksDr esa ls dksbZ ugha

Solution : (a) ekuk T ∝ S x r y ρ z ;k T = K Sxr y ρ z

nksuksa vksj çR;sd jkf'k dh foek,¡ j[kus ij

[M 0 L0 T 1 ] = K [ MT −2 ] x [L] y [ML−3 ] z = [M x + z Ly − 3 z T −2 x ]

nksuksa vksj ls M, L rFkk T dh ?kkrksa dh rqyuk djus ij x + z = 0 , y − 3z = 0 , −2 x = 1

bu [Link] dks gy djus ij x = −1 / 2 , y = 3 / 2 , z = 1 / 2
ρr 3
vr% bldk vkoZrdky] T = K S −1 / 2 r 3 / 2 ρ 1 / 2 = K
S
Problem 41. ;fn P fodj.k nkc dks] C çdk'k dh pky dks rFkk Q çfr lSd.M bdkbZ {ks=Qy ij fxjus okyh fodj.k ÅtkZ dks
çnf'kZr djrs gSa rks v'kwU;[Link] x, y rFkk z ds eku D;k gksxsa rkfd P x QyC z foekghu gks tk;s
[AFMC 1991; CBSE 1992; CPMT 1981, 92; MP PMT 1992]

(a) x = 1, y = 1, z = −1 (b) x = 1, y = −1, z = 1 (c) x = −1, y = 1, z = 1 (d) x = 1, y = 1, z = 1

Solution : (b) [P x Q y C z ] = [M 0 L0 T 0 ]
çR;sd jkf'k dh foek,¡ j[kus ij
[ML−1 T −2 ] x [MT −3 ] y [LT −1 ] z = [ M x + y L− x + z T −2 x − 3 y − z ] = M 0 L0 T 0

nksuksa vksj ls M, L rFkk T dh ?kkrksa dh rqyuk djus ij: x + y = 0 , − x + z = 0 rFkk −2 x − 3y − z = 0

uhps fn;s x;s fodYiksa esa ls dsoy fodYi (b) mijksDr [Link] dks lUrq"V djrk gS vr% lgh fodYi (b) gSA

21
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
x = 1, y = −1, z = 1

Problem 42. 't' lSd.M ds nkSjku ,dleku uyh ds fdlh fcUnq ls xqtjus okys ikuh dk vk;ru V] uyh ds vuqçLFkdkV dk
{ks=Qy A rFkk ikuh dk osx u ijLij bl çdkj lEcfU/kr gSa V ∝ Aα u β t γ ] rks fuEu esa ls dkSulk lEcU/k lR; gS
(a) α = β = γ (b) α ≠ β = γ (c) α = β ≠ γ (d) α ≠ β ≠ γ

Solution : (b) nksuksa vksj dh foek,¡ fy[kus ij] [L3 ] = [L2 ]α [LT −1 ] β [ T ]γ ⇒ [L3 T 0 ] = [L2α + β T γ − β ]
nksuksa vksj dh ?kkrksa dh rqyuk djus ij] 2α + β = 3 vkSj γ − β = 0

bUgsa gy djus ij β = γ vkSj α = 1 (3 − β ) vFkkZr~ α ≠ β = γ

2

Problem 43. ;fn osx (V)] cy (F) rFkk ÅtkZ (E) dks ewyHkwr jkf'k;k¡ ekuk tk;s rks nzO;eku dk foeh; lw= gksxk
(a) V −2 F 0 E (b) V 0 FE 2 (c) VF −2 E 0 (d) V −2 F 0 E

Solution : (d) ekuk M = V a F b E c

nksuksa vksj çR;sd jkf'k dh foek,¡ j[kus ij] [M ] = [LT −1 ]a [MLT −2 ]b [ML2 T −2 ]c
leku jkf'k;ksa dh ?kkrksa dh rqyuk djus ij] b + c = 1 ] a + b + 2c = 0 rFkk −a − 2b − 2c = 0
bu [Link] dh rqyuk djus ij a = −2 ] b = 0 rFkk c = 1
vr% M = [V −2 F 0 E]

Problem 44. fn;k gS ç[Link] çdk'k dk vk;ke (A)

(i) vkifrr çdk'k ds vk;ke (A0) ds vuqØekuqikrh gksrk gS

(ii) ç[Link] d.k ds vk;ru (V) ds vuqØekuqikrh gksrk gS

(iii) ç[Link] d.k ls nwjh (r) ds O;qRØekuqikrh gksrk gS

(iv) ç[Link] çdk'k dh rjaxnS/;Z ( λ ) ij fuHkZj djrk gS rks lgh lEcU/k gksxk

1 1 1 1
(a) A ∝ (b) A ∝ (c) A ∝ (d) A ∝
λ λ2
λ3
λ4

KA0 Vλ x
Solution : (b) ekuk A =
r

nksuksa vksj çR;sd jkf'k dh foek,¡ j[kus ij

[L] .[ L3 ] [Lx ]
⇒ [ L] =
[L]

∴ [ L] = [ L3 + x ] ; ⇒ 3 + x = 1 ;k x = −2

∴ A ∝ λ −2

foeh; fo'ys"k.k dh lhek,¡

;|fi foeh; fo'ys"k.k cgqr mi;ksxh gS ysfdu bldh Hkh dqN lhek,¡ gSa

22
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
(1) ;fn fdlh HkkSfrd jkf'k dh foek,¡ nh gSa] rks og jkf'k vfZ}rh; ugha gks ldrh D;ksafd dbZ HkkSfrd jkf'k;ksa dh foek,¡ leku
gksrh gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ;fn fdlh HkkSfrd jkf'k dk foeh; lw= [ML2T −2 ] gS ;g dk;Z ;k ÅtkZ ;k cy vk?[Link] dk foeh; lw= gks
ldrk gSA
(2) vkafdd fu;rkad [K] tSls (1/2)] 1 ;k 2π vkfn dh dksbZ foek,¡ ugha gksrh vr% bUgsa foeh; fo'ys"k.k fof/k }kjk Kkr ugha
fd;k tk ldrkA
mv 2 hc
(3) foeh; fof/k ds }kjk dsoy [Link] ls izkIr gksus okys Qyu gh O;qRié fd;s tk ldrs gSaA tSls & F = ,oa E= A
r λ

s = u t + (1 / 2) a t 2 ;k y = a sin ω t dks bl fof/k }kjk O;qRiUu ugha fd;k tk ldrk] ijUrq bu [Link] dh 'kq)rk dh
tk¡p dh tk ldrh gSA
(4) ;fn ;kaf=dh esa dksbZ HkkSfrd jkf'k rhu ls vf/kd jkf'k;ksa ij fuHkZj djrh gS rks foeh; fo'ys"k.k dh fof/k ls lw= dks O;qRiUu
ugha fd;k tk ldrkA fQj Hkh ge fn;s x;s lehdj.k dh 'kq)rk dh tk¡p dj ldrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] T = 2π 1 mgl foeh;
fo'ys"k.k fof/k O;qRiUu ugha fd;k tk ldrk ysfdu bldh foeh; :i ls 'kq)rk dh tk¡p dh tk ldrh gSA
(5) ;fn dksbZ HkkSfrd jkf'k rhu HkkSfrd jkf'k;ksa ij fuHkZj djrh gS] vkSj muesa ls nks dh foek,¡ leku gksa rks foeh; fo'ys"k.k fof/k
ls blds fy, lw= O;qRiUu ugha fd;k tk ldrkA mnkgj.k ds fy,] Lofj= dh vko`fr ds fy, lw= f = (d / L2 ) v ] foeh; fof/k ls
O;qRiUu ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ijUrq bldh 'kq)rk dh tk¡p dh tk ldrh gSA
lkFkZd vad
fdlh HkkSfrd jkf'k ds ekiu esa lkFkZd vad mu vadksa dh la[;k crkrs gSa ftuesa ge [Link] vk'oLr gksrs gSaA ekiu esa vf/kd la[;k
esa lkFkZd vad çkIr gksuk] ekiu esa vf/kd 'kq)rk dks n'kkZrk gSA bldk foykse Hkh lR; gSA
nh xbZ jkf'k ds ekiu esa lkFkZd vadksa dh la[;k Kkr djrs le; fuEu fu;eksa dks /;ku esa j[ksa
(1) lHkh v'kwU; vad lkFkZd gksrs gSaA
mnkgj.k : 42.3 esa rhu lkFkZd vad gSaA
243.4 esa pkj lkFkZd vad gSaA
24.123 esa ik¡p lkFkZd vad gSaA
(2) nks v'kwU; vadksa ds chp 'kwU; vad lkFkZd vad gksrs gSaA
mnkgj.k : 5.03 esa rhu lkFkZd vad gSaA
5.604 esa pkj lkFkZd vad gSaA
4.004 esa pkj lkFkZd vad gSaA
(3) la[;k ds cka;ha vksj ds 'kwU; dHkh lkFkZd vad ugha gksrsA
mnkgj.k : 0.543 esa rhu lkFkZd vad gksxsaA
0.045 esa nks lkFkZd vad gSaA
0.006 esa ,d lkFkZd vad gSA
(4) la[;k ds nka;ha vksj ds 'kwU; lkFkZd vad gksrs gSaA

mnkgj.k : 4.330 esa pkj lkFkZd vad gksxsaA

433.00 esa ik¡p lkFkZd vad gSaA

343.000 esa N% lkFkZd vad gSaA

23
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
(5) pj?kkrkadh fu:i.k esa] nh xbZ l[;k dk vkafdd Hkkx gh lkFkZd vad crkrk gSA

mnkgj.k : 1.32 × 10–2 esa rhu lkFkZd vad gSaA

1.32 × 104 esa rhu lkFkZd vaad gSaA

jkf'k dks fuf'pr lkFkZd vadksa esa O;Dr djuk

fdlh nh xbZ jkf'k dks fuf'pr lkFkZd vadkas okyh jkf'k esa O;Dr djus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr ckrksa dk /;ku j[krs gSa
(1) ;fn fuf'pr lkFkZd vadksa ds ckn NksM+h tkus okyh la[;k 5 ls de gksrh gS rks mlds iwoZ dh la[;k dks vifjofrZr jgus nsrs
gSaA
mnkgj.k % x = 7.82 dks nks lkFkZd vadksa esa x = 7.8 fy[k ldrs gSa blh izdkj x = 3.94 dks nks lkFkZd vadksa esa x = 3.9 fy[kk
tk ldrk gSA
(2) ;fn NksM+h tkus okyh la[;k 5 ls vf/kd gksrh gS rks mlds iwoZ dh la[;k dks ,d ls c<+k nsrs gSaA
mnkgj.k % x = 6.87 dks nks lkFkZd vadksa esa x = 6.9 fy[k ldrs gSa blh izdkj x = 12.78 dks x = 12.8 fy[kk tk ldrk gSA
(3) ;fn NksM+h tkus okyh la[;k 5 gS rks mlds ckn dksbZ v'kwU; la[;k vkrh gS rks mlds iwoZ dh la[;k dks ,d ls c<+k nsrs gSaA
mnkgj.k % x = 16.351 dks nks lkFkZd vadksa esa x = 16.4 fy[k ldrs gSa blh izdkj x = 6.758 dks x = 6.8 fy[kk tk ldrk
gSA
(4) ;fn NksM+h tkus okyh la[;k 5 gS rFkk mlds ckn dksbZ 'kwU; vkrk gS rks mlds iwoZ dh la[;k dks vifjofrZr jgus nsrs gSa ;fn ;g le
la[;k gS
mnkgj.k % x = 3.250 dks nks lkFkZd vadksa esa x = 3.2 fy[k ldrs gSa blh izdkj x = 12.650 dks 12.6 fy[kk tk ldrk gSA
(5) ;fn NksM+h tkus okyh la[;k 5 gS rFkk mlds ckn dksbZ 'kwU; vkrk gS rks mlds iwoZ dh la[;k dks ,d ls c<+k nsrs gSa ;fn ;g fo"ke
la[;k gS
mnkgj.k % x = 3.750 dks nks lkFkZd vadksa esa x = 3.8 fy[k ldrs gSa blh izdkj x = 16.150 dks x = 16.2 fy[kk tk ldrk gSA
[Link] esa lkFkZd vad
cgqr ls ç;ksxksa esa vafre [Link] izkIr djus ds fy, fofHkUu çs{[Link] dk vkil esa tksM+] ?kVko] [Link] vFkok Hkkx djuk iM+rk gS
vkSj pw¡fd izR;sd izs{k.k dh 'kq)rk dk Lrj leku ugha gksrkA vr% [Link] dh 'kq)rk ds ckjs esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd ;g lcls de
'kq) izs{k.k ls T;knk ugha gks ldrhA
vr% fdlh Hkh [Link] esa lgh lkFkZd vad izkIr djus ds fy, fuEu fu;e /;ku esa j[kus pkfg,A
(1) jkf'k;ksa dks tksM+us vFkok ?kVkus ls igys n'keyo ds ckn dqy mrus gh lkFkZd vad gksus pkfg, ftrus fd tksM+u s
vFkok ?kVkus okyh fdlh jkf'k esa n'keyo ds ckn de ls de lkFkZd vad gksrs gSaA
(i) 33.3 33.3 ← (dsoy ,d n'keyo LFkku j[krk gS)
3.11 3.1
+ 0.313 0.3

36.723 = 36.7 ← )
mÙkj = 36.7
(ii) 3.1421
0.241

24
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
+ 0.09 ← (2 n'keyo LFkku j[krk gS)
3.4731 ← (mÙkj Hkh 2 n'keyo LFkku rd fy[kk tkuk pkfg,)
mÙkj = 3.47
(iii) 62.831 ← (3 n'keyo LFkku j[krk gS)
– 24.5492
38.2818 ← (mÙkj 3 n'keyo LFkku rd fy[kk tkuk pkfg,)
mÙkj = 38.282
(2) fdlh ekih xbZ jkf'k dks fdlh Hkh fLFkjkad ls [Link] djus ij [Link] esa os lHkh lkFkZd vad gksrs gSa tks fd lk/kkj.k :i ls
[Link] djus ij feyrs gSaA ysfdu nks ekih xbZ jkf'k;ksa ds [Link] ;k HkkxQy esa dqy mrus gh lkFkZd vad gksrs gSa ftrus fd de ls
de fdlh nh xbZ jkf'k esa gSaA
(i) 142.06
× 0.23 ← (nks lkFkZd vad )
32.6738 ← (mÙkj esa nks lkFkZd vad gksuk pkfg,)
mÙkj = 33
(ii) 51.028
× 1.31 ← (rhu lkFkZd vad)
66.84668
mÙkj = 66.8
0.90
(iii) = 0.2112676
4.26
mÙkj = 0.21
ifjek.k dh dksfV
foKku esa la[;kvksa dks M × 10 x ds :i esa O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA tgk¡ M 1 o 10 ds chp la[;k gS rFkk x [Link] gSA jkf'k ds
ifjek.k dh dksfV 10 dh ?kkr ds :i esa gksxhA ;g ?kkr Kkr djus ds fy, jkf'k ds eku dks laf{kIr djuk i<s+xkA laf{kIrdj.k
(Rounding off) djrs le; ge vafre vad tks 5 ls de gS dks NksM+ nsrs gSaA ;fn vafre vad 5 ;k 5 ls vf/kd gks rks mlds iwoZ vad
1 ls c<+k nsrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,]

(1) fuokZr esa çdk'k dk osx = 3 × 10 8 ms −1 ≈ 10 8 m / s (pwafd 3 < 5)

(2) bysDVªkWu dk nzO;eku = 9.1 × 10 −31 kg ≈ 10 −30 kg (pwafd 9.1 > 5)

Problem 45. ?ku dh çR;sd Hkqtk dk ekiu 7.203 m gSA rks ?ku dk vk;ru mfpr lkFkZd vad rd gksxk
(a) 373.714 (b) 373.71 (c) 373.7 (d) 373

Solution : (c) vk;ru = a 3 = (7.203) 3 = 373.715 m 3

lkFkZd vadksa esa ?ku dk vk;ru 373.7 m 3 gksxk D;ksafd bldh Hkqtk ds ekiu esa pkj lkFkZd vad gSaA
Problem 46. 0.007 m 3 esa lkFkZd vad gSa
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Solution : (a)

25
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
Problem 47. fdlh xqVds dh yEckbZ] pkSM+kbZ rFkk eksVkbZ Øe'k% 125.5 cm] 5.0 cm vkSj 0.32 cm gSa fuEu esa ls dkSu vf/kd 'kq)
gS
(a) yEckbZ (b) pkSM+kbZ (c) eksVkbZ (d) ÅpkbZ
Solution : (a) yEckbZ ds ekiu esa vkisf{kr =qfV U;wure gSA vr% ;g ekiu vf/kd 'kq) gSA
Problem 48. ,d cDls dk nzO;eku 2.3 kg ] nks laxejej ds nzO;eku 2.15 g rFkk 12.39 g blesa tksM+uk gSA cDls dk dqy
nzO;eku lkFkZd vadksa esa gksxk
(a) 2.340 kg (b) 2.3145 kg. (c) 2.3 kg (d) 2.31 kg
Solution : (c) dqy nzO;eku = 2.3 + 0.00215 + 0.01239 = 2.31 kg , ijUrq nks lkFkZd vadksa esa O;Dr djus ij nzO;eku = 2.31 kg
Problem 49. ,d vk;rkdkj pknj dh yEckbZ 1.5 cm rFkk pkSM+kbZ 1.203 cm gSA vk;rkdkj pknj dh Qyd dk {ks=Qy lgh
lkFkZd vdksa rd gksxk
(a) 1.8045 cm 2 (b) 1.804 cm 2 (c) 1.805 cm 2 (d) 1.8 cm 2

Solution : (d) {ks=Qy = 1.5 × 1.203 = 1.8045 cm 2 = 1.8 cm 2

Problem 50. fdlh ?ku dh çR;sd Hkqtk 5.402 cm gS] ?ku dk [Link] i`"B rFkk vk;ru mfpr lkFkZd vadksa rd gksxk
(a) 175.1 cm 2 , 157 cm 2 (b) 175.1 cm 2 , 157.6 cm 3

(c) 175 cm 2 , 157 cm 2 (d) 175.08 cm 2 , 157.639 cm 3

Solution : (b) dqy i`"Bh; {ks=Qy = 6 × (5.402) 2 = 175.09 cm 2 = 175.1 cm 2

dqy vk;ru = (5.402)3 = 175.64 cm 3 = 175.6 cm 3
Problem 51. 9.99 m + 0.0099 m dk eku lgh lkFkZd vadksa dh la[;k esa gksxk
(a) 10.00 m (b) 10 m (c) 9.9999 m (d) 10.0 m
Solution : (a) 9.99 m + 0.0099 m = 10.00 m

Problem 52. [Link] 3.124 × 4.576 dk eku rhu lkFkZd vadksa esa gksxk
(a) 14.295 (b) 14.3 (c) 14.295424 (d) 14.305
Solution : (b) 3.124 × 4.576 = 14.295 =14.3 (rhu lkFkZd vadksa rd)
Problem 53. 11.118 × 10 −6 V esa lkFkZd vadksa dh la[;k gS
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6

Solution : (c) lkFkZd vadkas dh la[;k 5 gS pwafd 10 −6 bl la[;k dks çHkkfor ugha djrkA
Problem 54. ;fn çfrjks/k dk eku 10.845 vksge~ gS rFkk /kkjk dk eku 3.23 ,sfEi;j gS] foHkokUrj 35.02935 oksYV gS rks bldk
eku lkFkZd vadksa esa gksxk [CPMT 1979]

(a) 35 V (b) 35.0 V (c) 35.03 V (d) 35.025 V

Solution : (b) /kkjk (3.23 A) ds eku esa U;wure lkFkZd vad (3) gSA vr% foHkokUrj V (= IR) ds eku esa dsoy 3 lkFkZd vad gksxsaA
vr% bldk eku 35.0 V gksxkA

ekiu esa =qfV;kWa

26
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
ekiu çfØ;k vko';d :i ls rqyukRed çfØ;k gSA gekjh cgqr dksf'k'kksa ds okotwn fdlh jkf'k dk ekik x;k eku] okLrfod
eku ;k lR;eku ls dqN u dqN fHkUu çkIr gksrk gSA okLrfod eku ls ;g vUrj gh ekiu esa =qfV dgykrk gSA
(1) fujis{k =qfV : HkkSfrd jkf'k ds ekiu esa fujis{k =qfV] HkkSfrd jkf'k ds okLrfod eku rFkk ekis x;s eku ds [Link] ds vUrj
ds cjkcj gksrh gSA
ekuk ,d HkkSfrd jkf'k n ckj ekih xbzZ rFkk blds ekis x;s eku a1] a2] a3] ….. an gSaA rks bu ekuksa dk lekUrj ek/;
a1 + a 2 + ....an
am =
n

lkekU;r%] am jkf'k dk okLrfod eku ekurs gSaA

ifjHkk"kk ls ekis x;s ekuksa esa fujis{k =qfV fuEu gksxh &
∆a1 = am − a1 = izFke izs{k.k esa fujis{k =qfV

∆a 2 = am − a 2 = f}rh; izs{k.k esa fujis{k =qfV

…………. = ...................
∆an = am − an = n osa izs{k.k esa fujis{k =qfV
fujis{k =qfV fdlh fLFkfr esa /kukRed rFkk vU; fLFkfr esa _.kkRed gks ldrh gSaA
(2) ek/; fujis{k =qfV : ;g ekih xbZ jkf'k esa fujis{k =qfV;ksa ds [Link] dk lekUrj ek/; gksrh gSA ;g ∆a ls çnf'kZr dh tkrh
gSA vr%
| ∆a1 | + | ∆a 2 | +..... | ∆an |
∆a =
n
vr% vafre [Link] fuEu çdkj fy[kk tk ldrk gS a = am ± ∆a
blls ;g çnf'kZr gksrk gS fd fdlh Hkh jkf'k dk ekiu (am + ∆a) rFkk (a m − ∆a) ds chp gksrk gSA
(3) vkisf{kd =qfV ;k fHkUukRed =qfV : vkisf{kd =qfV ;k fHkUukRed =qfV] ek/; fujis{k =qfV rFkk ekih xbZ jkf'k ds ek/; eku dk
vuqikr gksrh gSA vr%
ek/; fujis{k rzqfV ∆a
vkisf{kd =qfV ;k fHkUukRed =qfV = =
ek/; eku am
(4) çfr'kr =qfV : tc vkisf{kd ;k fHkUukRed =qfV dks çfr'kr esa O;Dr fd;k tk;s rks ;g çfr'kr =qfV dgykrh gSA vr%

∆a
çfr'kr =qfV = × 100%
am

=qfV;ksa dk la;kstu
(1) jkf'k;ksa ds ;ksx esa =qfV : ekuk x = a + b

ekuk ∆a = a ds ekiu esa fujis{k =qfV

∆b = b ds ekiu esa fujis{k =qfV
∆x = x vFkkZr~ a o b dk ;ksx dh [Link] esa fujis{k =qfV
x esa vf/kdre fujis{k =qfV ∆x = ±(∆a + ∆b)

(∆a + ∆b)
x ds eku esa çfr'kr =qfV x = × 100%
a+b
(2) jkf'k;ksa ds vUrj esa =qfV : ekuk x = a – b

27
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
ekuk ∆a = a ds ekiu esa fujis{k =qfV,
∆b = b ds ekiu esa fujis{k =qfV
∆x = x vFkkZr~ a o b ds vUrj dh [Link] esa fujis{k =qfV
x esa vf/kdre fujis{k =qfV ∆x = ±(∆a + ∆b)
(∆a + ∆b)
x ds eku esa çfr'kr =qfV x = × 100%
a−b
(3) jkf'k;ksa ds [Link] esa =qfV : ekuk x = a × b
ekuk ∆a = a ds ekiu esa fujis{k =qfV
∆b = b ds ekiu esa fujis{k =qfV
∆x = x vFkkZr~ a vkSj b ds [Link] ds ekiu esa fujis{k =qfV
∆x  ∆a ∆b 
x ds ekiu esa vf/kdre fHkUukRed =qfV = ± + 
x  a b 
x ds ekiu esa çfr'kr =qfV = (a ds eku esa çfr'kr =qfV) + (b ds eku esa çfr'kr =qfV)
a
(4) jkf'k;ksa ds Hkkx esa =qfV : ekuk x =
b
ekuk ∆a = a ds ekiu esa fujis{k =qfV
∆b = b ds ekiu esa fujis{k =qfV
∆x = x vFkkZr~ a rFkk b ds Hkkx dh [Link] esa fujis{k =qfV
∆x  ∆a ∆b 
x esa vf/kdre fHkUukRed =qfV = ± + 
x  a b 
x ds eku esa çfr'kr =qfV = (a ds eku esa çfr'kr =qfV) + (b ds eku esa çfr'kr =qfV)

an
(5) ?kkrh; Qyuksa esa =qfV : ekuk x =
bm
ekuk ∆a = a ds ekiu esa fujis{k =qfV
∆b = b ds ekiu esa fujis{k =qfV
∆x = x dh [Link] esa fujis{k =qfV
∆x  ∆a ∆b 
x esa vf/kdre fHkUukRed =qfV = ± n +m 
x  a b 
x ds eku esa çfr'kr =qfV = n (a ds eku esa çfr'kr =qfV) + m (b ds eku esa çfr'kr =qfV)
 vf/kdre ?kkr okyh jkf'k;ksa dks vf/kd lko/kkuhiwoZd ekik tkuk pkfg, D;ksafd buesa vf/kdre =qfV gksrh gSA
Problem 55. ,d HkkSfrd jkf'k a pkj jkf'k;ksa b] c] d rFkk e ls fuEu çdkj lEcfU/kr gSa a = bα c β / d γ e δ ] ;fn b] c] d rFkk e esa
vf/kdre =qfV;k¡ Øe'k% b1 %] c 1 %] d1 % rFkk e1 %] gSa rks ç;ksx }kjk a ds ekiu esa vf/kdre =qfV gksxh
[CPMT 1981]

(a) ( b1 + c1 + d1 + e1 )% (b) ( b1 + c1 − d1 − e1 )%

(c) ( αb1 + βc1 − γd1 − δe1 )% (d) ( αb1 + βc1 + γd1 + δe1 )%

Solution : (d) a = bα c β /d γ e δ

vr% a esa vf/kdre =qfV gksxh

28
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
 ∆a  ∆b ∆c ∆d ∆e
 × 100  =α. × 100 + β . × 100 + γ . × 100 + δ . × 100
 a  max b c d e

= (αb1 + βc 1 + γd1 + δe1 )%

Problem 56. fdlh oxkZdkj IysV ij nkc] IysV ij cy rFkk IysV dh Hkqtk dh yEckbZ eki dj] ekik tkrk gSA ;fn cy rFkk
yEckbZ ds ekiu esa vf/kdre =qfV Øe'k% 4% rFkk 2% gks rks nkc ds ekiu esa vf/kdre =qfV gksxh
(a) 1% (b) 2% (c) 6% (d) 8%
F F
Solution : (d) P= = vr% nkc esa vf/kdre =qfV =
A l2
 ∆P  ∆F ∆l
 × 100  = × 100 + 2 × 100 = 4% + 2 × 2% = 8%
 P  max F l

Problem 57. fdlh oLrq ds inkFkZ dk vkisf{kd ?kuRo igys ok;q esa fQj ikuh esa rksy dj ekik x;kA ;fn ok;q esa Hkkj
(5.00 ±0.05 ) U;wVu rFkk ikuh esa Hkkj (4.00 ± 0.05) U;wVu gS rks vkisf{kd ?kuRo] vf/kdre çfr'kr =qfV ds lkFk
gksxk
(a) 5.0 ± 11% (b) 5.0 ± 1% (c) 5.0 ± 6% (d) 1.25 ± 5%
Solution : (a) ok;q esa Hkkj = (5.00 ± 0.05) U;wVu
ikuh esa Hkkj = (4.00 ± 0.05) U;wVu
ikuh esa Hkkj esa deh = (1.00 ± 0.1) U;wVu
ok;q esa Hkkj 5.00 ± 0.05
vr% vkisf{kd ?kuRo = vFkkZr~ R . D =
ikuh esa Hkkj esa deh 1.00 ± 0.1
5.00  0.05 0.1 
vc vf/kdre lEHko =qfV ds lkFk vkisf{kd ?kuRo = ± +  × 100 = 5.0 ± (1 + 10)%
1.00  5.00 1.00 
= 5.0 ± 11%
V
Problem 58. izfrjks/k R = tgk¡ V= 100 ± 5 oksYV rFkk i = 10 ± 0.2 ,sfEi;j rks R esa dqy =qfV gksxh
i
5
(a) 5% (b) 7% (c) 5.2% (d) %
2

V  ∆R  ∆V ∆I 5 0.2
Solution : (b) R= ∴ × 100  = × 100 + × 100 = × 100 + × 100 = (5 + 2)% = 7%
I  R  max V I 100 10

Problem 59. fdlh ç;ksx esa ljy yksyd dk vkorZdky Øe'k% 2.63 s] 2.56 s] 2.42 s] 2.71 s rFkk 2.80 s ekik x;k rks ek/;
fujis{k =qfV gksxh
(a) 0.1 s (b) 0.11 s (c) 0.01 s (d) 1.0 s
2.63 + 2.56 + 2.42 + 2.71 + 2.80
Solution : (b) ek/; eku = = 2.62 sec
5

vc | ∆T1 |= 2.63 − 2.62 = 0.01

| ∆T2 |= 2.62 − 2.56 = 0.06

| ∆T3 |= 2.62 − 2.42 = 0.20

| ∆T4 |= 2.71 − 2.62 = 0.09

29
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
| ∆T5 |= 2.80 − 2.62 = 0.18

| ∆T1 | + | ∆T2 | + | ∆T3 | + | ∆T4 | + | ∆T5 | 0.54

ek/; fujis{k =qfV ∆T = = = 0.108 = 0.11sec
5 5

Problem 60. ,d csyu dh yEckbZ 0.1 cm vYirekad dh ehVj NM+ ls ekih tkrh gSA bldk O;kl 0.01 cm vYirekad ds
ofuZ;j dSyhilZ ls ekik tkrk gSA ;fn csyu dh yEckbZ 5.0 cm rFkk f=T;k 2.0 cm gks rks blds vk;ru dh [Link]
esa çfr'kr =qfV gksxh
(a) 1% (b) 2% (c) 3% (d) 4%
Solution : (c) csyu dk vk;ru V = πr 2 l
∆V 2∆r ∆l
vk;ru esa çfr'kr =qfV × 100 = × 100 + × 100
V r l
 0.01 0.1 
= 2× × 100 + × 100  = (1 + 2)% = 3%
 2 . 0 5. 0 
Problem 61. ,d ç;ksx esa fuEu çs{k.k fy, x;s: L = 2.820 m] M = 3.00 kg] l = 0.087 cm] D = 0.041 cm] g = 9.81 m / s 2
4 Mg
lw=] Y= mi;ksx djrs gq, Y esa vf/kdre çfr'kr =qfV gksxh
πD 2l
(a) 7.96% (b) 4.56% (c) 6.50% (d) 8.42%

4 MgL ∆Y  ∆M ∆g ∆L 2∆D ∆l 
Solution : (c) Y= vr% Y esa vf/kdre lEHko =qfV = × 100 =  + + + +  × 100
πD l2 Y  M g L D l 

 1 1 1 1 1 
= + + + 2× +  × 100
 300 9.81 2.820 41 87 
= 0.065 × 100 = 6.5%

Problem 62. Å"ek ds twy fu;e ds vuqlkj mRiUu Å"ek H = I 2 Rt tgk¡ I /kkjk] R çfrjks/k rFkk t le; gSA ;fn I] R rFkk t ds
ekiu esa =qfV;k¡ Øe'k% 3%] 4% rFkk 6% gSa rks H ds ekiu esa =qfV gS
(a) ± 17% (b) ± 16% (c) ± 19% (d) ± 25%

Solution : (b) H = I 2R t

∆H  2∆I ∆R ∆t 
∴ × 100 =  + +  × 100 = (2 × 3 + 4 + 6)% = 16%
H  I R t 

Problem 63. fdlh oLrq ds osx ds ekiu esa /kukRed =qfV 50% gS] rks xfrt ÅtkZ ds ekiu esa =qfV gksxh
(a) 25% (b) 50% (c) 100% (d) 125%
1
Solution : (c) xfrt ÅtkZ E = mv 2
2
∆E  ∆m 2∆v 
∴ × 100 =  +  × 100
E  m v 

∆v
;gk¡ ∆m = 0 rFkk × 100 = 50%
v
∆E
∴ × 100 = 2 × 50 = 100%
E

30
 ek=d] foek,¡ rFkk ekiu
1
3 2
A B
Problem 64. ,d HkkSfrd jkf'k P fuEu lw= ls nh tkrh gS P= 3
rks P esa vf/kdre =qfV fdl jkf'k ds dkj.k vk ldrh gS
−4
C D2
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
Solution : (c) jkf'k C esa vf/kdre ?kkr gS vr% P esa blls vf/kdre =qfV gksxhAss

31