VISUAL FORM ANALYSIS

A/ TYPES OF VISUAL FORM

1. The photography
2. The cartoon
3. The advertising
4. The front page / cover page

B/ THE STEPS (ETAPES)

1/ IDENTIFICATION

• The visual form subsitted to my analysis is…

• The visual form in going to my analyse is

• This visual form is… color+type+source+date+author+title

2/ DESCRIPTION

- List the most attractive elements (Lister les éléments les plus attractifs)
- Locate the elements on the visual form (repérer les éléments sur la fiche
visuelle)
- Describe the elements : shapes, coulours, clothes, expressions and attitudes
(stading, sitting, lying) (Décrire les éléments : formes, couleurs, vêtements,
expressions et attitudes (être debout, assis, couché)
• this visual form presents (a construction site, a working environment).

• On this visual form we can see + preposition+vocabulary+preposition…we can

see+ expression to locate+ vocabulary…

-Sur cette forme visuelle on peut voir + préposition+vocabulaire+préposition…on

peut voir+ expression à localiser+ vocabulaire…

PREPOSITION OF PLACE

On= sur Below= en bas

Over= au dessus Under= au dessous
Behind= derrière
In front of= devant
Oposité= en face de
Besides= à coté de

EXPRESSION TO LOCATE

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 On the left= à gauche
On the right= à droite
At the top= en haut
At the bottom= en bas
In the middle= au centre
In the foreground= En avant plan
In the background= En arrière plan

3/ THE USE/ THE USAGE

• Give the purposes and roles of tools, equipment, materials
- (Donner les buts et les rôles des outils, équipements, matériaux)
- • Give the constituent of some elements like the motard, concrète
- (Donner le constituant de certains éléments comme le mortier)

The bucket is use to….. bucket= sceau

The excalator is used to…. Excalator= escalier

We usethe shovel to…

The motar is…. Made of

The concrete is…

4/ EVALUATION

4.1 THE MESSAGE OF VISUAL FORM IS

- What the photographer means/wants to point out is …
- The cartoonist highlights/shows/reveals the issues (problem) of…
- Ce que le photographe veut souligner, c’est…
- Le caricaturiste met en lumière/montre/révèle les enjeux (problèmes) de…
4.2 In my opinion/ for me/ I think that this visual form is important because…..
I share/ don’t share/ this illustration because
I agree/ don’t agree/ with…..

À mon avis/pour moi/ je pense que cette forme visuelle est importante parce
que…..

Je partage/ne partage pas/ cette illustration parce que

Je suis d’accord/pas d’accord/avec

EXAMPLE : VISUAL FORM

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I/ IDENTIFICATION

This visual form is a coulourful photo retrieved form the website [Link] and
publishied on february 8th, 2022. The title is project of general hospitals
construction in Gabon and the caption is is people in safety equipment at the work.
The name of the photographer is not mentioned.

II/ DESCRIPTION

This photo presents buildings in construction and people wearing safety equipment.

- In the foreground we can see people at work wearing personal protective

equipment specially hard hat hight visibility clothe (H.I.V clothes) and safety
shoes.

Some workers are stading beside the the foundation af a new building and wearing
white and blue T-shirt white and yellow hardhat and black pants.

Other workers wearing orange T-shirt and yellow hard hats are sitting and buck down to
their task ( et s’attelent à leur tâche) on the foundation we can also behind and beside
the workers piles (t’as) of blocks, some loards (planche) and steel bars (fer béton) in the
foundation.

- In the background their are new white building with opened windows.

III/ USE
- The workers are brick layers (maçon). The bricks are made of a mixture of sand,
cement and water and steel bar is made form steel (acier).

The P.P.E are used to protect the workers against dangers

Les ouvriers sont des maçons. Les briques sont constituées d’un mélange de sable,
de ciment et d’eau et les barres d’acier sont constituées d’acier (acier).

Les E.P.I. servent à protéger les travailleurs contre les dangers

CIVIL ENGINEERING SPECIFIC VOCABULARY

De l’eau : water | La terre= Ground | Tas de gravier : loads of gravel | Sac de

ciment : paquet of ciment | le béton : the concrete | la brique : The brick | le
parpaing : congrete block | la pelle : the showel | le mortier : the mortar | La
brouette : the wheelbarrow| la pioche : the pick | le seau : the bucket | la truelle :
the trowel | l’echelle : the ladder | niveau à bulle : the spirit level | l’echaffaudage :

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 the scaffolding | le mur : the wall | le bâtiment : the building | grue : crane | la
toiture : the roofing | le maçon : the brick layer | le fer à béton : the steel | la
fondation : the foundation | sécurité : sofety shoes | gants : gloves | lunette de
protection : goggles | gillet fleurissant : hight visibility clothes | salopette :
dungaree

Le compacteur routier : the road roller. Route bitumée :asphalt road

La bétonnière : concrete mixer

Le marteau piqueur : the jack hammer

VERBS

Mélanger : to mix up | cimenter : to ciment | etaler : to spread | couper : to cut |

torde : to curve | creuser : to dig | rembler : to ramble | transporter : to carry |
construire : to build | crépir : to plaster |

la route : the road | compacter : compact | la structure métallique : the metal structure

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 METHODOLOGY OF TEXT ANALYSIS

I/ INTRODUCTION

After Reading the text, present the following irems :

Genre (informative, descriptive, argumentatif…), Nature (article, press/online, poème…)

Title, Author, origin, date of publication/issue, general idea (a sentence underlining
the main theme), author’s intention.

II/ SUMMARY

II.1/ STRUCTURE (DIVISION OF THE TEXT PARTS)

- The text can be divided into…. Parts, the first part goes from line… down to line…
it is about… the second part starts from line… down to line…
- The text starts with… then it concentrates on … next it moves to… before ending
with… (Le texte commence par… puis il se concentre sur… ensuite il passe
à… avant de terminer par…)
- The text is built on a constrat/an opposition between…and…
Le texte est construit sur un contraste/une opposition entre… et…

II.2/ SUMMARY PROPER

Depending on the text, here are some helping question : who ? Where ? When ? What ?
How ? Why ? Whose ? Which ?

En fonction du texte, voici quelques questions utiles : qui ? Où ? Quand ? Quoi ?

Comment ? Pourquoi ? Dont ? Lequel ?

III/ COMMENTARY

Choose 1,2 or 3 aspect of the text on which you can comment (explain and/or justify
by quoting from the text).

Choisissez 1,2 ou 3 aspects du texte sur lesquels vous pouvez commenter

(expliquez et/ou justifiez en citant un extrait du texte).

Depending on the text, you may consuder the characters, the setting, the style/figure
of speech (comparaison, image, symbols…) the tone (Sade, glad, ironic, simple,
tempérés, dramatic...)

Selon le texte, vous pourrez considérer les personnages, le décor, le style/figure de

style (comparaison, image, symboles…) le ton (Sade, joyeux, ironique, simple,
tempérés, dramatique…)

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IV/ EVALUATION

1 ASSES THE VALUE OF THE TEXT

- What is the interest of the text ? (Social, scientific, didactic)

- Have you learnt something ? Has it modified your point de vue ?
- What is the writer’s opinion ?
Quel est l’intérêt du texte ? (Social, scientifique, didactique)
As-tu appris quelque chose ? Cela a-t-il modifié votre point de vue ?
Quelle est l’opinion de l’écrivain ?

2 GIVE YOUR PERSONAL OPINION OR REACTION

- Do you share the writer’s opinion ? Why ?

- Do you agree or disagree with the writer ? Why ?
Partagez-vous l’avis de l’écrivain ? Pourquoi ?
Etes-vous d’accord ou pas d’accord avec l’auteur ? Pourquoi ?

V/ BRANCHING OUT

Draw a parallel between the text and your environment or experience

- This text reminds me of…. Ce texte me rappelle

- This text makes me think of… Ce texte me fait penser à…
- After Reading this text, I think of…. Après avoir lu ce texte, je pense à.

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Text N°1 : CIVIL ENGINEERING VS. ARCHITECTURE : WHAT
THE DIFFERENCE ?

Everywhere we look, we’re surrounded by the creations of civil engineers and

architects—from the towering skyscrapers that punctuate city skylines to the intricate
bridges that span vast rivers.

Although professionals from these two fields frequently collaborate during project
design and construction phases, their career paths are distinct. So, let’s compare civil
engineering vs. Architecture and better understand their differences and similarities.

Civil engineering is the field that deals with the planning, design, construction and
maintenance of various infrastructure and public works projects. It encompasses
structural, transportation and environmental engineering, among other areas.

This discipline plays a critical role in creating and maintaining essential facilities such as
roads, bridges, water supply systems and wastewater treatment plants. Its impact is
profound, driving economic growth, ensuring public safety and fostering environmental
sustainability by developing resilient and efficient infrastructure.

Architecture is commonly regarded as both an art and a science, blending the technical
aspects of construction with a creative and artistic dimension. This fusion allows
architects to express their unique visions through innovative designs and spatial
compositions.

The field encompasses the designing and constructing of buildings, structures and
spaces. Architects are central to the design process, creating environments that
respond to the needs of their users while balancing sustainability, cultural context and
visual appeal. Their work is vital in developing spaces that are not only functional but
also enhance the quality of life for those who inhabit them.

While there are certain similarities between architects and civil engineers, such as their
involvement in designing and constructing buildings and infrastructure, the two
professions are generally distinct in their focus and responsibilities. So, let’s compare
architectural engineering vs. Civil engineering and explore their differences in various
aspects, including education, job responsibilities, salary and more.

By University of north Dakota/August 14, 2024

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I/ TEXT PRESENTATION

The text entitled civil engineering vs architecture : what’s the difference ? Is an

informative report publishied by the university of north Dakota on August 14 2024. This
text deals with the difference between civil engineering and architecture. The theme is
civil engineering.

II/ SUMMARY

A/ STRUCTURE

The text can be divided into three (3) parts :

• The first part : which goes from line 1 to line 6 deals with an assessment (bilan)
of the infrastructures of our surroundings and the announcement of the
difference between civil engineering and architecture.
• The second part : which goes from line 7 to line 21 give the definition of both civil
engineering and architecture and shows their respective rôles.
• The third : which goes from line 22 to line 26 is about, the simularities and
differences between civil engineering and architecture.

III/ COMMENTARY

1- Problem (Problème)
2- Explanation (Explication)
3- The interset of the text (L’entrecroisement du texte)
4- Style figures of speech (Figures de style)

This text compares civil engineering and architecture. Indeed (en effet) in reading
this article one may notice that from line 1 to line 6.

The author draws our attention on the infrastructures of our surroundings befor
announcing that there are differences and simularities between the actors of there
infrastructures, civil engineers and architects.

Then (ensuite) from line 7 to line 21 the author gives what civil engineering and
architecture involve and their specific roles.

Finally (enfin) from line 22 to the end hé focuses on the differences and simularities
between civil engineers and architects.

The interset of the text is didactic to lead students to make a difference between
civil engineering and architecture.

The style is simple an free

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IV/ EVALUATION

A/ ASSES THE VALUE OF THE TEXT

Through this text we have learnt that civil engineering and architecture are disciplines
involve in the infrastructures. They have differences and simularities. In my opinion I
agree with the author because he shows the differences and simularities between civil
engineers and architect.

B/ PERSONAL OPINION

I think this text offers a clear and balanced analysis of the roles of civil engineering and
architecture, which I particularly appreciate. The text rightly points out that these
professions frequently collaborate while having distinct backgrounds. This nuance is
essential, because in reality, a successful project requires both the technical rigor of
engineers (safety, sustainability) and the creative vision of architects (aesthetics,
ergonomics). The example of skyscrapers and bridges illustrates this synergy well.

V/ BRANCHING OUT

This text reminds of…..

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 Text N°2 : TYPES OF INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTIONS

Today’s infrastructure construction isn’t the same kind that your grandfather performed.
Construction trends emphasize technology and other innovative advancements, to
contribute to our economic growth and wellbeing. We use and consume products and
services related to different types of infrastructure every day when driving to work, flying
on an airplane, going to the bathroom and visiting the doctor’s office.

To better understand how they play a part in our lives, here are 11 types of infrastructure
construction and the major projects that are making headlines.

- Aviation infrastructure projects develop and maintain airplanes and airports.

- Bridge Infrastructure bridge infrastructure construction oversees the costs of
building and maintaining bridges throughout the country. This includes heavily
trafficked highway bridges that are accessed daily.
- Communications Infrastructure sector the communications infrastructure
sector focuses on the connection between government agencies, businesses
and the nation through wireless, cable, satellite and other technologies.
- Power and Energy Infrastructure the electrical infrastructure oversees projects
that deal with power, including electrical lines, power grids and innovations in
alternative energy.
- Railroad Infrastructure railroad infrastructure is on the pulse of the United
States transportation system. The sector innovates and safeguards trains,
subways and light rail systems. This includes track layout, steel supplies, bridges
and tunnels.
- Road infrastructure construction builds new streets and fixes streets, roads
and highway systems for mass transit. It also oversees developing transportation
projects that grant greater transportation access to communities.
- Water Infrastructure works to create sustainable water projects to purify water
supplies from waste and make it safe for drinking.
- Construction waste management works to improve the environment by storing,
treating and eliminating hazardous materials. Sustainable construction practices
are used to safely reprocess water for drinking, enhance human health and
dispose of sewage and solid waste
- Hazardous waste construction finds and disposes of hazardous materials to
protect the environment. Solid and hazardous waste bi-products, such as
sewage remnants and other industrial leftovers, are transported to designated
landfills for hazardous waste facilities. Tanks, drip pads and incinerators are used
to treat, recycle or dispose of the materials

By Bigrentz,[Link] on february 22, 2024

I/ TEXT PRESENTATION

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The text entitled type of infrastructure of Construction is an informative web article. It is
retrieved form [Link] and published by Bigrentz on february 22, 2024. This
text deals with today infrastructure Construction and the definition of the various type of
infrastructure Constructions.

II/ SUMMARY

A/ STRUCTURE

The text can bé divided into three parts :

• The first part from to line 1 to line 5 deal with the new trend (nouvelle tendance)
in today infrastructure Construction.
• The second part from line 6 to line 30 is about the description of some types
infrastructure Construction and how impact
• The tird part from line 31 to line 34 is about the different ways of processing solid
and hazardous waste and also the means of processing or recycling materials

B/ SUMMARY PROPER

Infrastructure construction today is different from that done by previous generations

because it emphasizes technology and innovative advancements to contribute to
economic growth and well-being. Infrastructure construction is an ever-evolving field
and one that we can expect to see even more development in the years to come.

III/ COMMENTARY

This excerpt explains, « Water Infrastructure works to create sustainable water

projects to purify water supplies from waste and make them safe for drinking. » This
aspect highlights a critical issue for public health and the environment. Water
purification and sustainable water resource management are essential, particularly
in a context of climate change where droughts and pollution threaten access to
drinking water.

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IV/ EVALUATION

A/ ASSES THE VALUE OF THE TEXT

The text explains that modern infrastructure, unlike that of the past, integrates
technologies and innovations to support economic growth and daily well-being. It
presents 11 key types of infrastructure.

I share the author’s opinion because infrastructure is indeed at the heart of our daily
lives (transportation, healthcare, access to water, communications). Without it,
modern societies could not function.

B/ PERSONAL OPINION

I think the text offers a clear and relevant vision of modern infrastructure as essential
levers for both economic progress and ecological resilience. I largely share the
author’s perspective, because he succeeds in showing how infrastructure is no
longer simply technical works, but interconnected ecosystems that shape our
quality of life. However, I would add two nuances and a deeper insight to enrich the
debate.

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 Text N°3 : WHAT DO STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS DO ?

Structural engineers use a knowledge of applied mathematics and mechanics as

well as materials science to determine how structures will cope under the own
weight and any imposed loads. This requires structural analysis as well as the
application of empirical and theoretical design codes. Structural engineers also
need to be aware of corrosion resistance.

The work of structural engineers has been made easier through the
development of special software that can help draw, design and analyse
structures with a high degree of precision.

Entry-level engineers may begin by working on particular elements of a structure,

such as beams of columns, while more experienced engineers may be
responsible for an entire structure. With more experience, structural engineers
may specialise in certain types of structure, such as bridges or tunnels, while
others will focus on particular construction materials, such as concrete, steel or
wood.

This field of engineering ensures that design structures are capable of

withstanding pressures and stresses including gravity loads, earthquakes and
storms. Many structures, such as buildings, also need to conform to standards
and building codes as well as being delivered on budget.

Structural engineers design buildings and other structures that are capable of
handling different loads, able to resist environmental forces and are safe for use.
This involves problem solving using maths and technologies to create structures
that are fit for purpose yet use fewer materials and require less maintenance.

Structural engineers often work alongside civil engineers and architects as part
of a larger team, with the Institution of Structural Engineers determining that, “if
a structure was a human body, then the architect would be concerned with the
body shape and appearance, and the structural engineer would be concerned
with the skeleton and sinews."

Vocabulary

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Knowledge : connaissance/ weight : poids/ loads : les charges/

to require : exiger/ to cope : faire face/ to need : avoir besoin de

To be aware : être informé de/ Software : logiciel/ To draw : dessiner/ To

design : concevoir

Beans of colums : les poutres/ earthquakes : tremblement de terre/ storms :

les tempêtes

A field : un domaine/ to withstanding : résister à

I/ TEXT PRESENTATION

The text entitled what do structural engineers do ? Is an informative web article

retrieved from [Link]. Published on September 28, 2023 and the
name the author is not mentioned. This article deals with the rôles and
responsabilities of structural engineers. The theme is structural engineers.

II/ SUMMARY

A/ STRUCTURE

This text can bé divided into three parts

• The first part : goes from line 1 to line 5. It’s about what the structural
engineering consiste in.
• The second part : which goes from line 6 to line 22 deals with the use or
special software to make easier responsabilities of structural engineers.
• The third part : which goes from line 23 to line 26 is about the
colaboration of civil engineers, structural engineers and architects and
what differthem

B/ SUMMARY PROPER

Structural engineers cope with how structures they build can support weight and
loads with the application of the building codes and the respect of the
stanckards. They work tagther with civil engineers and architects in their
respective roles.

III/ COMMENTARY

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The text implicitly addresses the central challenge of structural engineering :
reconciling safety, technical standards, and economic constraints in structural
design.

The text explains this issue by detailing the engineers’ tools and methods :

- Interdisciplinarity (mathematics, materials science, specialized software) serves

as a foundation for analyzing and designing robust structures.

- Collaboration with architects and civil engineers demonstrates the integration

of structural engineering. The text skillfully interweaves technical concepts
(loads, material strength) and practical issues (budgets, standards, maintenance).
The text uses an organic metaphor to clarify the respective roles of the architect
and the structural engineer.

IV EVALUATION

A/ ASSES THE VALUE OF THE TEXT

This text allowed me to better understand the central role of structural engineers
in the design and safety of buildings and infrastructure. I learned that their work
relies on an interdisciplinary synthesis (applied mathematics, mechanics,
materials science) to analyze physical constraints (weight, loads, earthquakes)
and optimize structures.

I fully share the author’s vision because he emphasizes the primacy of safety and
sustainability over resistance to natural disasters, and the balance between
innovation and pragmatism. The author shows that structural engineers are not
content with abstract theories—they integrate technological tools (software).

B/ PERSONAL OPINION

In my opinion, this text offers a clear and concise overview of structural

engineering, highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of the profession and its
societal importance. It uses an organic metaphor to clarify the respective roles of
the architect and the structural engineer. It highlights how structural engineers
combine mathematics, materials science, and technology to design safe and
high-performance structures, while respecting practical constraints such as
budgets and building codes. The analogy comparing the architect to the
« appearance of the body » and the structural engineer to the « skeleton and
tendons » is particularly apt, illustrating their crucial role in the stability and
safety of buildings.

V/ BRANCHING OUT

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 This text reminds of…..
Text N°4 : BUILDING MATERIALS USED IN CONSTRUCTION WORKS

These are some most [Link] [Link] construction works :

• Sand : it is an important building material and is granular in nature,

composed of finely disintegrated rock and mineral parficles. Sand is the
principal compenent of construction materials such as concrete and
mortar.
• Wood is a natural building material that is used in a wide range of
construction projects, including framing, flooring, and other structural
elements. It is a renewable resource that is relatively inexpensive and easy
to work with.
• Steel is a strong, and. Durable metal that is commonly sed in the
construction of buildings, bridges, and other structures. It is often used in
combination with other materials, such as concrete, to create a stronger
and more sable structure. Steel is also resistant to fire, corrosion, and
other types of damage.
• Bricks : a brick is a building material used to create a wall, pavement, and
many other masonry elements. The process involved in the manufacturing
of brick includes the preparation of clay, molding, drying, and burning.
• Cement : it is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets,
hardens, and adheres to alternative materials to sind them along. There
are 2 main kinds of cement : Geopolymer cement and portland cement.
• Mortar : it is composed of a mixture of sand, a binder, and water. When
cement is used as the binder material, it is called cement mortar and when
lime is used as the binder material, it is called lime mortar, similarly, if
gypsum is used as a binder, it is called gypsum mortar. Mortar is used in
masonry work to hold building materials such as bricks and stone
together. It is also used for plastering work.
• Concrete : it is a mixture of Portland cement, water, coarse and fine.
Aggregates, and admixtures proportioned to form a plastic mass capable
of being cast, placed, or molded into forms that will harden to a solid
mass.
• Plaster is a mixture of water, sand, and lime or gypsum that is used to
create smooth, flat surfaces in construction projects. It is commonly used
to finish the interior walls of buildings and is also used to create decorative
elements, such as moldings and cornices.

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 • Glass It is commonly used in the construction of windows, doors, and
other building elements to allow natural light to enter a_space. Glass is
also used to create decorative elements, such as mirrors and skylights.

Retrieved from [Link], September 2023

I/ TEXT PRESENTATION

The title of this text is building materials used in construction works. Ti is an

infomatice internet article retrieved from [Link] and issued in
September 2023. It deals with the description of the building materials used in
construction. The name of the author is not mentioned. The theme is building
materials.

II/ SUMMARY

A/ STRUCTURE

This text has got only one part. Which deals with the description of some most
commonly used building materials in construction works.

B/ SUMMARY PROPER

Building materials are used in different ways according to their properties. For
example, sand is mixed with cement to make concrete. Each material is chosen
for its specific qualities. The goal is to create strong, functional buildings and
infrastructures that meet human needs. Using the right materials also ensures
the safety, durability, and comfort of constructions, while taking decorative and
environmental aspects into account.

III/ COMMENTARY

In construction works, the main problem is the choice quality and quantity of the
building materials. Indeed in this text the author is describing the most
commonly used building materials. He also shows their advantages and what we
use them fir. Knowing very well the building materials are necessity to safety and
sustainability (durabilité) if the constructions.

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IV/ EVALUATION

A/ ASSES THE VALUE OF THE TEXT

Through this text we have learnt the characteristics of some most commonly
used building materials and their usage. The author shesses on the commonly
used building materials and their structure for a sustainable construction.

B/ PERSONAL OPINION

In my opinion, the text provides a clear and informative overview of the most
commonly used building materials in construction. It highlights both natural and
manufactured materials, showing how each one plays a unique role in building
strong and durable structures. I find it especially interesting that the text explains
not only the materials but also their specific purposes, such as how mortar binds
bricks or how concrete can be molded into solid forms.

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 Text N°5 : THE 5 MAIN TYPES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Civil engineering is a broad profession that includes several specialised sub-disciplines.

Below we’ve provided information on the main five types of civil engineering.

Infrastructure engineering : It is about creating things like bridges, roads, railways, and
services such as drainage and electrics : It aims to build the basic structures and
systems that help society function in the most efficient, sate, sustainable, and
environmentally friendly way possiblé.

Structural Engineering : Structural engineers help create structures – anything from

bridges, towers and skyscrapers to building homes and public works of structural art.
Just as with Infrastructure engineering, it uses physics and math to do the job. Such as
calculating to ensure structures have sufficient strength to take loads, that they’re
stable and that the structures service life is viable.

Environmental Engineering : it combines the principles of engineering, soil science,

biology, and chemistry. These principles are used by environmental engineers to
conduct detailed analyses on a broad spectrum of environmental issues and find
solutions. They work to improve recycling, waste control, water and air pollution control
and public health. Such as designing innovative ways to conserve energy and preventing
further pollution from destroying the environment and natural resources.

Geotechnical Engineering : It is concerned with understanding how a project interacts

with the ground. A geotechnical engineer will work to support the design and
construction of a project. They will carry out tests and analyses to assess risk to
humans and the environment. These tests will disclose the risk that can arise from
natural hazards such as avalanches, rock falls, sinkholes, and earthquakes.

Transportation Engineering : It is about always looking to improve our transportation

systems. We have multiple means of transportation today, such as rail, roads, cycle
paths, planes and boats. A transport engineer’s job is to make sure that each form of
transportation method meets specific standards with safety and sustainability at the
top of the list. Sustainability and the need to Reduce emissions and energy are fast
becoming crucial to the planet. Transport engineers are trying harder than ever to
reduce emissions and energy use and make our world more environmentally friendly.

Retrieved from [Link], posted on November 30, 2021

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I/ PRÉSENTATION

The text entitled The 5 main types of civil engineering is an informative web article. It is
retrieved form [Link], and posted on november 30, 2021. This text deals
with The five main branches of civil engineering, their roles and their importance in the
design of safe projects. The theme is civil engineering.

II/ SUMMARY

A/ STRUCTURE

This text has only one part, which deals with the description of the five main branches of
civil engineering and their specific features.

B/ SUMMARY PROPER

Civil engineering is divided into five major branches : infrastructure engineering,

structural engineering, environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, and
transportation engineering. Each field has its own methods, tools, and specific
objectives. This specialization allows for better response to the complex needs of
society. Each branch plays an essential role : building strong roads and bridges,
protecting the environment.

III/ COMMENTARY

The text states that engineers aim « to build the basic structures and systems that help
society function in the most efficient, safe, sustainable, and environmentally friendly
way possible. » This shows that sustainability is no longer optional but a priority. Indeed,
given today’s environmental challenges, integrating sustainable solutions into
infrastructure is essential to preserve natural resources and ensure a healthy living
environment for future generations.

IV EVALUATION

A/ ASSES THE VALUE OF THE TEXT

The author’s opinion in this text is that civil engineering is an essential and diverse
discipline that plays a crucial role in the development and proper functioning of society.
The author emphasizes the importance of safety, sustainability, and environmental
respect in the design and execution of civil engineering projects.

B/ PERSONAL OPINION

For me, I share the author’s opinion because he highlights the vital importance of civil
engineering in our daily lives, which is often underestimated. I especially appreciate the
emphasis on sustainability and environmental protection, which are major challenges
today. This shows that civil engineering is not only about building strong infrastructures
but also about committing to creating a safer and more environmentally friendly future.

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