W Property Table

Flange Flange Web

Shape Depth Area Sx Sy
width thickness thickness
(inch) (inch) (inch) (inch) (in2) (in3) (in3)

W44X335 44 16 1.77 1.02 98.3 1410 151

W44X290 43.6 15.8 1.58 0.87 85.8 1240 132
W44X262 43.3 15.8 1.42 0.79 77.2 1120 118
W44X230 42.9 15.8 1.22 0.71 67.7 971 101

W40X593 43 16.7 3.23 1.79 174 2340 302

W40X503 42.1 16.4 2.76 1.54 148 1980 250
W40X431 41.3 16.2 2.36 1.34 127 1690 208
W40X397 41 16.1 2.2 1.22 117 1560 191
W40X372 40.6 16.1 2.05 1.16 109 1460 177
W40X362 40.6 16 2.01 1.12 107 1420 173
W40X324 40.2 15.9 1.81 1 95.3 1280 153
W40X297 39.8 15.8 1.65 0.93 87.4 1170 138
W40X277 39.7 15.8 1.58 0.83 81.4 1100 132
W40X249 39.4 15.8 1.42 0.75 73.3 993 118
W40X215 39 15.8 1.22 0.65 63.4 859 101
W40X199 38.7 15.8 1.07 0.65 58.5 770 88.2
W40X392 41.6 12.4 2.52 1.42 115 1440 130
W40X331 40.8 12.2 2.13 1.22 97.5 1210 106
W40X327 40.8 12.1 2.13 1.18 96 1200 105
W40X278 40.2 12 1.81 1.02 81.8 1020 87.1
W40X264 40 11.9 1.73 0.96 77.6 971 82.6
W40X235 39.7 11.9 1.58 0.83 69 875 74.6
W40X211 39.4 11.8 1.42 0.75 62 786 66.1
W40X183 39 11.8 1.22 0.65 53.8 683 56.9
W40X167 38.6 11.8 1.02 0.65 49.2 600 47.9
W40X149 38.2 11.8 0.83 0.63 43.8 513 38.8

W36X798 42 18 4.29 2.38 235 2980 467

W36X650 40.5 17.6 3.54 1.97 191 2420 367
W36X527 39.2 17.2 2.91 1.61 155 1950 289
W36X439 38.3 17 2.44 1.36 129 1620 235
W36X393 37.8 16.8 2.2 1.22 116 1450 208
W36X359 37.4 16.7 2.01 1.12 105 1320 188
W36X328 37.1 16.6 1.85 1.02 96.4 1210 171
W36X300 36.7 16.7 1.68 0.945 88.3 1110 156
W36X280 36.5 16.6 1.57 0.885 82.4 1030 144
W36X260 36.3 16.6 1.44 0.84 76.5 953 132
W36X245 36.1 16.5 1.35 0.8 72.1 895 123
W36X230 35.9 16.5 1.26 0.76 67.6 837 114
W36X256 37.4 12.2 1.73 0.96 75.4 895 86.5
W36X232 37.1 12.1 1.57 0.87 68.1 809 77.2
W36X210 36.7 12.2 1.36 0.83 61.8 719 67.5
W36X194 36.5 12.1 1.26 0.765 57 664 61.9
W36X182 36.3 12.1 1.18 0.725 53.6 623 57.6
W36X170 36.2 12 1.1 0.68 50.1 581 53.2
W36X160 36 12 1.02 0.65 47 542 49.1
W36X150 35.9 12 0.94 0.625 44.2 504 45.1
W36X135 35.6 12 0.79 0.6 39.7 439 37.7

W33X387 36 16.2 2.28 1.26 114 1350 200

W33X354 35.6 16.1 2.09 1.16 104 1240 181
W33X318 35.2 16 1.89 1.04 93.6 1110 161
W33X291 34.8 15.9 1.73 0.96 85.7 1020 146

Page 1 of 5
 W Property Table

Flange Flange Web

Shape Depth Area Sx Sy
width thickness thickness
(inch) (inch) (inch) (inch) (in2) (in3) (in3)
W33X263 34.5 15.8 1.57 0.87 77.5 919 131
W33X241 34.2 15.9 1.4 0.83 71 831 118
W33X221 33.9 15.8 1.27 0.775 65.2 759 106
W33X201 33.7 15.7 1.15 0.715 59.2 686 95.2
W33X169 33.8 11.5 1.22 0.67 49.5 549 53.9
W33X152 33.5 11.6 1.06 0.635 44.8 487 47.2
W33X141 33.3 11.5 0.96 0.605 41.6 448 42.7
W33X130 33.1 11.5 0.855 0.58 38.3 406 37.9
W33X118 32.9 11.5 0.74 0.55 34.7 359 32.6
W30X391 33.2 15.6 2.44 1.36 115 1250 198
W30X357 32.8 15.5 2.24 1.24 105 1140 179
W30X326 32.4 15.4 2.05 1.14 95.8 1040 162
W30X292 32 15.3 1.85 1.02 85.9 930 144
W30X261 31.6 15.2 1.65 0.93 76.9 829 127
W30X235 31.3 15.1 1.5 0.83 69.2 748 114
W30X211 30.9 15.1 1.32 0.775 62.2 665 100
W30X191 30.7 15 1.19 0.71 56.3 600 89.5
W30X173 30.4 15 1.07 0.655 51 541 79.8
W30X148 30.7 10.5 1.18 0.65 43.5 436 43.3
W30X132 30.3 10.5 1 0.615 38.9 380 37.2
W30X124 30.2 10.5 0.93 0.585 36.5 355 34.4
W30X116 30 10.5 0.85 0.565 34.2 329 31.3
W30X108 29.8 10.5 0.76 0.545 31.7 299 27.9
W30X99 29.7 10.5 0.67 0.52 29.1 269 24.5
W30X90 29.5 10.4 0.61 0.47 26.4 245 22.1
W27X539 32.5 15.3 3.54 1.97 159 1570 277
W27X368 30.4 14.7 2.48 1.38 108 1060 179
W27X336 30 14.6 2.28 1.26 98.9 972 162
W27X307 29.6 14.4 2.09 1.16 90.4 887 146
W27X281 29.3 14.4 1.93 1.06 82.9 814 133
W27X258 29 14.3 1.77 0.98 76 745 120
W27X235 28.7 14.2 1.61 0.91 69.4 677 108
W27X217 28.4 14.1 1.5 0.83 64 627 99.8
W27X194 28.1 14 1.34 0.75 57.2 559 88.1
W27X178 27.8 14.1 1.19 0.725 52.5 505 78.8
W27X161 27.6 14 1.08 0.66 47.6 458 70.9
W27X146 27.4 14 0.975 0.605 43.1 414 63.5
W27X129 27.6 10 1.1 0.61 37.8 345 36.8
W27X114 27.3 10.1 0.93 0.57 33.5 299 31.5
W27X102 27.1 10 0.83 0.515 30 267 27.8
W27X94 26.9 9.99 0.745 0.49 27.7 243 24.8
W27X84 26.7 9.96 0.64 0.46 24.8 213 21.2
W24X370 28 13.7 2.72 1.52 109 957 170
W24X335 27.5 13.5 2.48 1.38 98.4 864 152
W24X306 27.1 13.4 2.28 1.26 89.8 789 137
W24X279 26.7 13.3 2.09 1.16 82 718 124
W24X250 26.3 13.2 1.89 1.04 73.5 644 110
W24X229 26 13.1 1.73 0.96 67.2 588 99.4
W24X207 25.7 13 1.57 0.87 60.7 531 88.8
W24X192 25.5 13 1.46 0.81 56.3 491 81.8
W24X176 25.2 12.9 1.34 0.75 51.7 450 74.3
W24X162 25 13 1.22 0.705 47.7 414 68.4
W24X146 24.7 12.9 1.09 0.65 43 371 60.5
W24X131 24.5 12.9 0.96 0.605 38.5 329 53
W24X117 24.3 12.8 0.85 0.55 34.4 291 46.5

Page 2 of 5
 W Property Table

Flange Flange Web

Shape Depth Area Sx Sy
width thickness thickness
(inch) (inch) (inch) (inch) (in2) (in3) (in3)
W24X104 24.1 12.8 0.75 0.5 30.6 258 40.7
W24X103 24.5 9 0.98 0.55 30.3 245 26.5
W24X94 24.3 9.07 0.875 0.515 27.7 222 24
W24X84 24.1 9.02 0.77 0.47 24.7 196 20.9
W24X76 23.9 8.99 0.68 0.44 22.4 176 18.4
W24X68 23.7 8.97 0.585 0.415 20.1 154 15.7
W24X62 23.7 7.04 0.59 0.43 18.3 132 9.8
W24X55 23.6 7.01 0.505 0.395 16.3 115 8.3
W21X201 23 12.6 1.63 0.91 59.2 461 86.1
W21X182 22.7 12.5 1.48 0.83 53.6 417 77.2
W21X166 22.5 12.4 1.36 0.75 48.8 380 70
W21X147 22.1 12.5 1.15 0.72 43.2 329 60.1
W21X132 21.8 12.4 1.03 0.65 38.8 295 53.5
W21X122 21.7 12.4 0.96 0.6 35.9 273 49.2
W21X111 21.5 12.3 0.875 0.55 32.7 249 44.5
W21X101 21.4 12.3 0.8 0.5 29.8 227 40.3
W21X93 21.6 8.42 0.93 0.58 27.3 192 22.1
W21X83 21.4 8.36 0.835 0.515 24.3 171 19.5
W21X73 21.2 8.3 0.74 0.455 21.5 151 17
W21X68 21.1 8.27 0.685 0.43 20 140 15.7
W21X62 21 8.24 0.615 0.4 18.3 127 14
W21X55 20.8 8.22 0.522 0.375 16.2 110 11.8
W21X48 20.6 8.14 0.43 0.35 14.1 93 9.52
W21X57 21.1 6.56 0.65 0.405 16.7 111 9.35
W21X50 20.8 6.53 0.535 0.38 14.7 94.5 7.64
W21X44 20.7 6.5 0.45 0.35 13 81.6 6.37
W18X175 20 11.4 1.59 0.89 51.3 344 68.8
W18X158 19.7 11.3 1.44 0.81 46.3 310 61.4
W18X143 19.5 11.2 1.32 0.73 42.1 282 55.5
W18X130 19.3 11.2 1.2 0.67 38.2 256 49.9
W18X119 19 11.3 1.06 0.655 35.1 231 44.9
W18X106 18.7 11.2 0.94 0.59 31.1 204 39.4
W18X97 18.6 11.1 0.87 0.535 28.5 188 36.1
W18X86 18.4 11.1 0.77 0.48 25.3 166 31.6
W18X76 18.2 11 0.68 0.425 22.3 146 27.6
W18X71 18.5 7.64 0.81 0.495 20.8 127 15.8
W18X65 18.4 7.59 0.75 0.45 19.1 117 14.4
W18X60 18.2 7.56 0.695 0.415 17.6 108 13.3
W18X55 18.1 7.53 0.63 0.39 16.2 98.3 11.9
W18X50 18 7.5 0.57 0.355 14.7 88.9 10.7
W18X46 18.1 6.06 0.605 0.36 13.5 78.8 7.43
W18X40 17.9 6.02 0.525 0.315 11.8 68.4 6.35
W18X35 17.7 6 0.425 0.3 10.3 57.6 5.12
W16X100 17 10.4 0.985 0.585 29.7 177 35.7
W16X89 16.8 10.4 0.875 0.525 26.4 157 31.4
W16X77 16.5 10.3 0.76 0.455 22.9 136 26.9
W16X67 16.3 10.2 0.665 0.395 20 119 23.2
W16X57 16.4 7.12 0.715 0.43 16.8 92.2 12.1
W16X50 16.3 7.07 0.63 0.38 14.7 81 10.5
W16X45 16.1 7.04 0.565 0.345 13.3 72.7 9.34
W16X40 16 7 0.505 0.305 11.8 64.7 8.25
W16X36 15.9 6.99 0.43 0.295 10.6 56.5 7
W16X31 15.9 5.53 0.44 0.275 9.13 47.2 4.49
W16X26 15.7 5.5 0.345 0.25 7.68 38.4 3.49
W14X808 22.8 18.6 5.12 3.74 237 1400 594

Page 3 of 5
 W Property Table

Flange Flange Web

Shape Depth Area Sx Sy
width thickness thickness
(inch) (inch) (inch) (inch) (in2) (in3) (in3)
W14X730 22.4 17.9 4.91 3.07 215 1280 527
W14X665 21.6 17.7 4.52 2.83 196 1150 472
W14X605 20.9 17.4 4.16 2.6 178 1040 423
W14X550 20.2 17.2 3.82 2.38 162 931 378
W14X500 19.6 17 3.5 2.19 147 838 339
W14X455 19 16.8 3.21 2.02 134 756 304
W14X426 18.7 16.7 3.04 1.88 125 706 283
W14X398 18.3 16.6 2.85 1.77 117 656 262
W14X370 17.9 16.5 2.66 1.66 109 607 241
W14X342 17.5 16.4 2.47 1.54 101 558 221
W14X311 17.1 16.2 2.26 1.41 91.4 506 199
W14X283 16.7 16.1 2.07 1.29 83.3 459 179
W14X257 16.4 16 1.89 1.18 75.6 415 161
W14X233 16 15.9 1.72 1.07 68.5 375 145
W14X211 15.7 15.8 1.56 0.98 62 338 130
W14X193 15.5 15.7 1.44 0.89 56.8 310 119
W14X176 15.2 15.7 1.31 0.83 51.8 281 107
W14X159 15 15.6 1.19 0.745 46.7 254 96.2
W14X145 14.8 15.5 1.09 0.68 42.7 232 87.3
W14X132 14.7 14.7 1.03 0.645 38.8 209 74.5
W14X120 14.5 14.7 0.94 0.59 35.3 190 67.5
W14X109 14.3 14.6 0.86 0.525 32 173 61.2
W14X99 14.2 14.6 0.78 0.485 29.1 157 55.2
W14X90 14 14.5 0.71 0.44 26.5 143 49.9
W14X82 14.3 10.1 0.855 0.51 24 123 29.3
W14X74 14.2 10.1 0.785 0.45 21.8 112 26.6
W14X68 14 10 0.72 0.415 20 103 24.2
W14X61 13.9 9.99 0.645 0.375 17.9 92.1 21.5
W14X53 13.9 8.06 0.66 0.37 15.6 77.8 14.3
W14X48 13.8 8.03 0.595 0.34 14.1 70.2 12.8
W14X43 13.7 8 0.53 0.305 12.6 62.6 11.3
W14X38 14.1 6.77 0.515 0.31 11.2 54.6 7.88
W14X34 14 6.75 0.455 0.285 10 48.6 6.91
W14X30 13.8 6.73 0.385 0.27 8.85 42 5.82
W14X26 13.9 5.03 0.42 0.255 7.69 35.3 3.55
W14X22 13.7 5 0.335 0.23 6.49 29 2.8
W12X336 16.8 13.4 2.96 1.78 98.8 483 177
W12X305 16.3 13.2 2.71 1.63 89.6 435 159
W12X279 15.9 13.1 2.47 1.53 81.9 393 143
W12X252 15.4 13 2.25 1.4 74 353 127
W12X230 15.1 12.9 2.07 1.29 67.7 321 115
W12X210 14.7 12.8 1.9 1.18 61.8 292 104
W12X190 14.4 12.7 1.74 1.06 55.8 263 93
W12X170 14 12.6 1.56 0.96 50 235 82.3
W12X152 13.7 12.5 1.4 0.87 44.7 209 72.8
W12X136 13.4 12.4 1.25 0.79 39.9 186 64.2
W12X120 13.1 12.3 1.11 0.71 35.3 163 56
W12X106 12.9 12.2 0.99 0.61 31.2 145 49.3
W12X96 12.7 12.2 0.9 0.55 28.2 131 44.4
W12X87 12.5 12.1 0.81 0.515 25.6 118 39.7
W12X79 12.4 12.1 0.735 0.47 23.2 107 35.8
W12X72 12.3 12 0.67 0.43 21.1 97.4 32.4
W12X65 12.1 12 0.605 0.39 19.1 87.9 29.1
W12X58 12.2 10 0.64 0.36 17 78 21.4
W12X53 12.1 9.99 0.575 0.345 15.6 70.6 19.2

Page 4 of 5
 W Property Table

Flange Flange Web

Shape Depth Area Sx Sy
width thickness thickness
(inch) (inch) (inch) (inch) (in2) (in3) (in3)
W12X50 12.2 8.08 0.64 0.37 14.6 64.2 13.9
W12X45 12.1 8.05 0.575 0.335 13.1 57.7 12.4
W12X40 11.9 8.01 0.515 0.295 11.7 51.5 11
W12X35 12.5 6.56 0.52 0.3 10.3 45.6 7.47
W12X30 12.3 6.52 0.44 0.26 8.79 38.6 6.24
W12X26 12.2 6.49 0.38 0.23 7.65 33.4 5.34
W12X22 12.3 4.03 0.425 0.26 6.48 25.4 2.31
W12X19 12.2 4.01 0.35 0.235 5.57 21.3 1.88
W12X16 12 3.99 0.265 0.22 4.71 17.1 1.41
W12X14 11.9 3.97 0.225 0.2 4.16 14.9 1.19
W10X112 11.4 10.4 1.25 0.755 32.9 126 45.3
W10X100 11.1 10.3 1.12 0.68 29.4 112 40
W10X88 10.8 10.3 0.99 0.605 25.9 98.5 34.8
W10X77 10.6 10.2 0.87 0.53 22.6 85.9 30.1
W10X68 10.4 10.1 0.77 0.47 20 75.7 26.4
W10X60 10.2 10.1 0.68 0.42 17.6 66.7 23
W10X54 10.1 10 0.615 0.37 15.8 60 20.6
W10X49 9.98 10 0.56 0.34 14.4 54.6 18.7
W10X45 10.1 8.02 0.62 0.35 13.3 49.1 13.3
W10X39 9.92 7.99 0.53 0.315 11.5 42.1 11.3
W10X33 9.73 7.96 0.435 0.29 9.71 35 9.2
W10X30 10.5 5.81 0.51 0.3 8.84 32.4 5.75
W10X26 10.3 5.77 0.44 0.26 7.61 27.9 4.89
W10X22 10.2 5.75 0.36 0.24 6.49 23.2 3.97
W10X19 10.2 4.02 0.395 0.25 5.62 18.8 2.14
W10X17 10.1 4.01 0.33 0.24 4.99 16.2 1.78
W10X15 9.99 4 0.27 0.23 4.41 13.8 1.45
W10X12 9.87 3.96 0.21 0.19 3.54 10.9 1.1
W8X67 9 8.28 0.935 0.57 19.7 60.4 21.4
W8X58 8.75 8.22 0.81 0.51 17.1 52 18.3
W8X48 8.5 8.11 0.685 0.4 14.1 43.2 15
W8X40 8.25 8.07 0.56 0.36 11.7 35.5 12.2
W8X35 8.12 8.02 0.495 0.31 10.3 31.2 10.6
W8X31 8 8 0.435 0.285 9.12 27.5 9.27
W8X28 8.06 6.54 0.465 0.285 8.24 24.3 6.63
W8X24 7.93 6.5 0.4 0.245 7.08 20.9 5.63
W8X21 8.28 5.27 0.4 0.25 6.16 18.2 3.71
W8X18 8.14 5.25 0.33 0.23 5.26 15.2 3.04
W8X15 8.11 4.01 0.315 0.245 4.44 11.8 1.7
W8X13 7.99 4 0.255 0.23 3.84 9.91 1.37
W8X10 7.89 3.94 0.205 0.17 2.96 7.81 1.06
W6X25 6.38 6.08 0.455 0.32 7.36 16.8 5.61
W6X20 6.2 6.02 0.365 0.26 5.89 13.4 4.41
W6X15 5.99 5.99 0.26 0.23 4.45 9.77 3.11
W6X16 6.28 4.03 0.405 0.26 4.74 10.2 2.2
W6X12 6.03 4 0.28 0.23 3.55 7.31 1.5
W6X9 5.9 3.94 0.215 0.17 2.68 5.56 1.11
W6X8.5 5.83 3.94 0.194 0.17 2.51 5.08 1.01
W5X19 5.15 5.03 0.43 0.27 5.56 10.2 3.63
W5X16 5.01 5 0.36 0.24 4.71 8.55 3
W4X13 4.16 4.06 0.345 0.28 3.83 5.46 1.9

Page 5 of 5
M AT E R I A L S PA G E 34

Channels - American Standard

Dimensions

US Customary Units Metric Units

Designation Depth Web Flange Distance Designation Depth Web Flange Distance

nominal depth Thick- Width Thick- nominal depth Thick- Width Thick-
(in) ness ness (mm) ness ness
x d tw bf tf k x d tw bf tf k
nominal weight (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) nominal weight (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(lbs/ft) (kg/m)

C15x50 15 0.716 3.716 0.65 1.4375 C380x74 381 18.2 94 16.5 37

x40 15 0.52 3.52 0.65 1.4375 x60 381 13.2 89 16.5 37
x33.9 15 0.4 3.4 0.65 1.4375 x50.4 381 10.2 86 16.5 37

C12x30 12 0.51 3.17 0.501 1.125 C310x45 305 13 81 12.7 29

x25 12 0.387 3.047 0.501 1.125 x37 305 9.8 77 12.7 29
x20.7 12 0.282 2.942 0.501 1.125 x30.8 305 7.2 75 12.7 29

C10x30 10 0.673 3.033 0.436 1 C250x45 254 17.1 77 11.1 25

x25 10 0.526 2.886 0.436 1 x37 254 13.4 73 11.1 25
x20 10 0.379 2.739 0.436 1 x30 254 9.6 70 11.1 25
x15.3 10 0.24 2.6 0.436 1 x22.8 254 6.1 66 11.1 25

C9x20 9 0.448 2.648 0.413 0.9375 C230x30 229 11.4 67 10.5 24

x15 9 0.285 2.485 0.413 0.9375 x22 229 7.2 63 10.5 24
x13.4 9 0.233 2.433 0.413 0.9375 x19.9 229 5.9 62 10.5 24

C8x18.75 8 0.487 2.527 0.39 0.9375 C200x27.9 203 12.4 64 9.9 24

x13.75 8 0.303 2.343 0.39 0.9375 x20.5 203 7.7 60 9.9 24
x11.5 8 0.22 2.26 0.39 0.9375 x17.1 203 5.6 57 9.9 24

C7x12.25 7 0.314 2.194 0.366 0.875 C180x18.2 178 8 56 9.3 22

x9.8 7 0.21 2.09 0.366 0.875 x14.6 178 5.3 53 9.3 22

C6x13 6 0.437 2.157 0.343 0.8125 C150x19.3 152 11.1 55 8.7 21

x10.5 6 0.314 2.034 0.343 0.8125 x15.6 152 8 52 8.7 21
x8.2 6 0.2 1.92 0.343 0.8125 x12.2 152 5.1 49 8.7 21

C5x9 5 0.325 1.885 0.32 0.75 C130x13 127 8.3 48 8.1 19

x6.7 5 0.19 1.75 0.32 0.75 x10.4 127 4.8 44 8.1 19

C4x7.25 4 0.321 1.721 0.296 0.6875 C100x10.8 102 8.2 44 7.5 17

x5.4 4 0.184 1.584 0.296 0.6875 x8 102 4.7 40 7.5 17

C3x6 3 0.356 1.596 0.273 0.6875 C75x8.9 76 9 41 6.9 17

x5 3 0.258 1.498 0.273 0.6875 x7.4 76 6.6 38 6.9 17
x4.1 3 0.17 1.41 0.273 0.6875 x6.1 76 4.3 36 6.9 17
 PA G E 31 M AT E R I A L S

Structural Steel Shapes

HP Dimensions

US Customary Units Metric Units

Designation Depth Web Flange Distance Designation Depth Web Flange Distance

nominal depth Thick- Width Thick- nominal depth Thick- Width Thick-
(in) ness ness (mm) ness ness
x d tw bf tf k x d tw bf tf k
nominal weight (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) nominal weight (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(lbs/ft) (kg/m)

HP14x117 14.21 0.805 14.885 0.805 1.5 HP360x174 361 20.4 378 20.4 38

x102 14.01 0.705 14.785 0.705 1.375 x152 356 17.9 376 17.9 35
x89 13.83 0.615 14.695 0.615 1.3125 x132 351 15.6 373 15.6 33
x73 13.61 0.505 14.585 0.505 1.1875 x108 346 12.8 370 12.8 30

HP12x84 12.28 0.685 12.295 0.685 1.375 HP310x125 312 17.4 312 17.4 35

x74 12.13 0.605 12.215 0.61 1.3125 x110 308 15.4 310 15.5 33
x63 11.94 0.515 12.125 0.515 1.25 x93 303 13.1 308 13.1 32
x53 11.78 0.435 12.045 0.435 1.125 x79 299 11 306 11 29

HP10x57 9.99 0.565 10.225 0.565 1.1875 HP250x85 254 14.4 260 14.4 30

x42 9.7 0.415 10.075 0.42 1.0625 x62 246 10.5 256 10.7 27

HP8x36 8.02 0.445 8.155 0.445 0.9375 HP200x53 204 11.3 207 11.3 24
M AT E R I A L S PA G E 32

Structural Steel Shapes

M Dimensions

US Customary Units Metric Units

Designation Depth Web Flange Distance Designation Depth Web Flange Distance

nominal depth Thick- Width Thick- nominal depth Thick- Width Thick-
(in) ness ness (mm) ness ness
x d tw bf tf k x d tw bf tf k
nominal weight (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) nominal weight (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(lbs/ft) (kg/m)

M12x11.8 11.91 0.177 3.065 0.225 0.5 M310x17.6 303 4.5 78 5.7 13
x10.8 11.87 0.162 3.065 0.206 0.5 x16.1 301 4.1 78 5.2 13

M10x9 9.86 0.157 2.69 0.206 0.5 M250x13.4 250 4 68 5.2 13

x8 9.81 0.139 2.69 0.183 0.5 x11.9 249 3.5 68 4.6 13

M8x6.5 7.85 0.133 2.281 0.189 0.5 M200x9.7 199 3.4 58 4.7 13

M5x18.9 5 0.316 5.003 0.416 0.875 M130x28.1 127 8 127 10.6 22

 PA G E 33 M AT E R I A L S

Structural Steel Shapes

S Dimensions

US Customary Units Metric Units

Designation Depth Web Flange Distance Designation Depth Web Flange Distance

nominal depth Thick- Width Thick- nominal depth Thick- Width Thick-
(in) ness ness (mm) ness ness
x d tw bf tf k x d tw bf tf k
nominal weight (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) nominal weight (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(lbs/ft) (kg/m)

S24x121 24.5 0.8 8.05 1.09 2 S610x180 622 20.3 204 27.7 51
x106 24.5 0.62 7.87 1.09 2 x158 622 15.7 200 27.7 51

S24x100 24 0.745 7.245 0.87 1.75 S610x149 610 18.9 184 22.1 44
x90 24 0.625 7.125 0.87 1.75 x134 610 15.9 181 22.1 44
x80 24 0.5 7 0.87 1.75 x119 610 12.7 178 22.1 44

S20x96 20.3 0.8 7.2 0.92 1.75 S510x143 516 20.3 183 23.4 44
x86 20.3 0.66 7.06 0.92 1.75 x128 516 16.8 179 23.4 44

S20x75 20 0.635 6.385 0.795 1.625 S510x112 508 16.1 162 20.2 41
x66 20 0.505 6.255 0.795 1.625 x98.2 508 12.8 159 20.2 41

S18x70 18 0.711 6.251 0.691 1.5 S460x104 457 18.1 159 17.6 38
x54.7 18 0.461 6.001 0.691 1.5 x81.4 457 11.7 152 17.6 38

S15x50 15 0.55 5.64 0.622 1.375 S380x74 381 14 143 15.8 35

x42.9 15 0.411 5.501 0.622 1.375 x64 381 10.4 140 15.8 35

S12x50 12 0.687 5.477 0.659 1.4375 S310x74 305 17.4 139 16.7 37
x40.8 12 0.462 5.252 0.659 1.4375 x60.7 305 11.7 133 16.7 37

S12x35 12 0.428 5.078 0.544 1.1875 S310x52 305 10.9 129 13.8 30
x31.8 12 0.35 5 0.544 1.1875 x47.3 305 8.9 127 13.8 30

S10x35 10 0.594 4.944 0.491 1.125 S250x52 254 15.1 126 12.5 29
x25.4 10 0.311 4.661 0.491 1.125 x37.8 254 7.9 118 12.5 29

S8x23 8 0.441 4.171 0.425 1 S200x34 203 11.2 106 10.8 25

x18.4 8 0.271 4.001 0.425 1 x27.4 203 6.9 102 10.8 25

S6x17.25 6 0.465 3.565 0.359 0.875 S150x25.7 152 11.8 91 9.1 22

x12.5 6 0.232 3.332 0.359 0.875 x18.6 152 5.9 85 9.1 22

S5x10 5 0.214 3.004 0.326 0.8125 S130x15 127 5.4 76 8.3 21

S4x9.5 4 0.326 2.796 0.293 0.75 S100x14.1 102 8.3 71 7.4 19

x7.7 4 0.193 2.663 0.293 0.75 x11.5 102 4.9 68 7.4 19

S3x7.5 3 0.349 2.509 0.26 0.6875 S75x11.2 76 8.9 64 6.6 17

x5.7 3 0.17 2.33 0.26 0.6875 x8.5 76 4.3 59 6.6 17
 PA G E 35 M AT E R I A L S

Channels - Miscellaneous
Dimensions

US Customary Units Metric Units

Designation Depth Web Flange Distance Designation Depth Web Flange Distance

nominal depth Thick- Width Thick- nominal depth Thick- Width Thick-
(in) ness ness (mm) ness ness
x d tw bf tf k x d tw bf tf k
nominal weight (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) nominal weight (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(lbs/ft) (kg/m)

MC18x58 18 0.7 4.2 0.625 1.375 MC460x86 457 17.8 107 15.9 35
x51.9 18 0.6 4.1 0.625 1.375 x77.2 457 15.2 104 15.9 35
x45.8 18 0.5 4 0.625 1.375 x68.2 457 12.7 102 15.9 35
x42.7 18 0.45 3.95 0.625 1.375 x63.5 457 11.4 100 15.9 35

MC13x50 13 0.787 4.412 0.61 1.375 MC330x74 330 20 112 15.5 35

x40 13 0.56 4.185 0.61 1.375 x60 330 14.2 106 15.5 35
x35 13 0.447 4.072 0.61 1.375 x52 330 11.4 103 15.5 35
x31.8 13 0.375 4 0.61 1.375 x47.3 330 9.5 102 15.5 35

MC12x50 12 0.835 4.135 0.7 1.3125 MC310x74 305 21.2 105 17.8 33
x45 12 0.712 4.012 0.7 1.3125 x67 305 18.1 102 17.8 33
x40 12 0.59 3.89 0.7 1.3125 x60 305 15 99 17.8 33
x35 12 0.467 3.767 0.7 1.3125 x52 305 11.9 96 17.8 33
x31 12 0.37 3.67 0.7 1.3125 x46 305 9.4 93 17.8 33

MC12x10.6 12 0.19 1.5 0.309 0.6875 MC310x15.8 305 4.8 38 7.8 17

MC10x41.1 10 0.796 4.321 0.575 1.25 MC250x61.2 254 20.2 110 14.6 32
x33.6 10 0.575 4.1 0.575 1.25 x50 254 14.6 104 14.6 32
x28.5 10 0.425 3.95 0.575 1.25 x42.4 254 10.8 100 14.6 32

MC10x25 10 0.38 3.405 0.575 1.25 MC250x37 254 9.7 86 14.6 32

x22 10 0.29 3.315 0.575 1.25 x33 254 7.4 84 14.6 32

MC10x8.4 10 0.17 1.5 0.28 0.6875 MC250x12.5 254 4.3 38 7.1 17

MC9x25.4 9 0.45 3.5 0.55 1.1875 MC230x37.8 229 11.4 89 14 30

x23.9 9 0.4 3.45 0.55 1.1875 x35.6 229 10.2 88 14 30

MC8x22.8 8 0.427 3.502 0.525 1.1875 MC200x33.9 203 10.8 89 13.3 30

x21.4 8 0.375 3.45 0.525 1.1875 x31.8 203 9.5 88 13.3 30

MC8x20 8 0.4 3.025 0.5 1.125 MC200x29.8 203 10.2 77 12.7 29

x18.7 8 0.353 2.978 0.5 1.125 x27.8 203 9 76 12.7 29

MC8x8.5 8 0.179 1.874 0.311 0.75 MC200x12.6 203 4.5 48 7.9 19

MC7x22.7 7 0.503 3.603 0.5 1.125 MC180x33.8 178 12.8 92 12.7 29

x19.1 7 0.352 3.452 0.5 1.125 x28.4 178 8.9 88 12.7 29

MC6x18 6 0.379 3.504 0.475 1.0625 MC150x26.8 152 9.6 89 12.1 27

x16.3 6 0.375 3 0.475 1.0625 x24.3 152 9.5 76 12.1 27
x15.1 6 0.316 2.941 0.475 1.0625 x22.5 152 8 75 12.1 27

MC6x12 6 0.31 2.497 0.375 0.8125 MC150x17.9 152 7.9 63 9.5 21

 PA G E 43 M AT E R I A L S

Structural Tees
(Cut from W shapes)
Dimensions

US Customary Units Metric Units

Designation Depth Web Flange Distance Designation Depth Web Flange Distance

nominal depth Thick- Width Thick- nominal depth Thick- Width Thick-
(in) ness ness (mm) ness ness
x d tw bf tf k x d tw bf tf k
nominal weight (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) nominal weight (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(lbs/ft) (kg/m)

WT 22x167.5 22.01 1.02 15.95 1.77 2.5625 WT 550x249.5 559 25.9 405 45 65
x145 21.81 0.87 15.83 1.58 2.375 x216 554 22.1 402 40.1 60
x131 21.655 0.79 15.75 1.42 2.1875 x195 550 20.1 400 36.1 56
22x115 21.455 0.71 15.75 1.22 2 x171 545 18 400 31 51

WT 20x296.5 21.495 1.79 16.69 3.23 4.4375 WT 500 x441.5 546 45.5 424 82 113
x251.5 21.025 1.54 16.42 2.76 3.9375 x374.5 534 39.1 417 70.1 100
x215.5 20.63 1.34 16.22 2.36 3.5625 x320.5 524 34 412 59.9 90
x186 20.315 1.16 16.06 2.05 3.25 x277 516 29.5 408 52.1 83
x160.5 20.04 1 15.91 1.77 2.9375 x239 509 25.4 404 45 75
x148.5 19.92 0.93 15.825 1.65 3.0625 x221.5 506 23.6 402 41.9 78
x138.5 19.845 0.83 15.83 1.575 2.75 x206 504 21.1 402 40 70
x124.5 19.69 0.75 15.75 1.42 2.625 x185.5 500 19 400 36.1 67
x107.5 19.49 0.65 15.75 1.22 2.375 x160.5 495 16.5 400 31 60
x99.5 19.335 0.65 15.75 1.065 2.25 x148 491 16.5 400 27.1 57
x87 19.1 0.65 15.75 0.83 2 x129.5 485 16.5 400 21.1 51

WT 20x233 21.22 1.67 12.64 2.95 4.125 WT 500x346.5 539 42.4 321 74.9 105
x196 20.785 1.42 12.36 2.52 3.6875 x291.5 528 36.1 314 64 94
x165.5 20.395 1.22 12.17 2.13 3.3125 x246.5 518 31 309 54.1 84
x139 20.08 1.02 11.97 1.81 3 x207 510 25.9 304 46 76
x132 20 0.96 11.93 1.73 2.9375 x196.5 508 24.4 303 43.9 75
x117.5 19.845 0.83 11.89 1.575 2.75 x175 504 21.1 302 40 70
x105.5 19.685 0.75 11.81 1.415 2.625 x157 500 19.1 300 35.9 67
x91.5 19.49 0.65 11.81 1.22 2.375 x136 495 16.5 300 31 60
x83.5 19.295 0.65 11.81 1.025 2.1875 x124.5 490 16.5 300 26 56
x74.5 19.1 0.63 11.81 0.83 2 x111 485 16 300 21.1 51

WT 18x424 21.225 2.52 18.13 4.53 5.6875 WT 460x631 539 64 461 115.1 144
x399 20.985 2.38 17.99 4.29 5.4375 x594 533 60.5 457 109 138
x325 20.235 1.97 17.575 3.54 4.6875 x483.5 514 50 446 89.9 119
x263.5 19.605 1.61 17.22 2.91 4.0625 x392 498 40.9 437 73.9 103
x219.5 19.13 1.36 16.965 2.44 3.5625 x326.5 486 34.5 431 62 90
x196.5 18.9 1.22 16.83 2.2 3.3125 x292.5 480 31 427 55.9 84
x179.5 18.7 1.12 16.73 2.01 3.125 x267 475 28.4 425 51.1 79
x164 18.545 1.02 16.63 1.85 3 x244 471 25.9 422 47 76
x150 18.37 0.945 16.655 1.68 2.8125 x223 466.5 24 423 42.7 71
x140 18.26 0.885 16.595 1.57 2.6875 x208.5 464 22.5 422 39.9 68
x130 18.13 0.84 16.55 1.44 2.5625 x193.5 460.5 21.3 420 36.6 65
x122.5 18.04 0.8 16.51 1.35 2.5 x182.5 458 20.3 419 34.3 64
x115 17.95 0.76 16.47 1.26 2.375 x171 456 19.3 418 32 60
M AT E R I A L S PA G E 44

Structural Tees
(Cut from W shapes)
Dimensions

US Customary Units Metric Units

Designation Depth Web Flange Distance Designation Depth Web Flange Distance

nominal depth Thick- Width Thick- nominal depth Thick- Width Thick-
(in) ness ness (mm) ness ness
x d tw bf tf k x d tw bf tf k
nominal weight (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) nominal weight (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(lbs/ft) (kg/m)

WT 18x128 18.715 0.96 12.215 1.73 2.625 WT 460x190.5 475.5 24.4 310 43.9 67
x116 18.56 0.87 12.12 1.57 2.5 x172.5 471.5 22.1 308 39.9 64
x105 18.345 0.83 12.18 1.36 2.3125 x156.5 466 21.1 309 34.5 59
x97 18.245 0.765 12.115 1.26 2.1875 x144.5 463.5 19.4 308 32 56
x91 18.165 0.725 12.075 1.18 2.125 x135.5 461.5 18.4 307 30 54
x85 18.085 0.68 12.03 1.1 2 x126.5 459.5 17.3 306 27.9 51
x80 18.005 0.65 12 1.02 1.9375 x119 457.5 16.5 305 25.9 49
x75 17.925 0.625 11.975 0.94 1.875 x111.5 455.5 15.9 304 23.9 48
x67.5 17.775 0.6 11.95 0.79 1.6875 x100.5 451.5 15.2 304 20.1 43

WT 16.5x177 17.775 1.16 16.1 2.09 2.875 WT 420x263.5 451.5 29.5 409 53.1 73
x159 17.58 1.04 15.985 1.89 2.6875 x236.5 446.5 26.4 406 48 68
x145.5 17.42 0.96 15.905 1.73 2.5625 x216.5 442.5 24.4 404 43.9 65
x131.5 17.265 0.87 15.805 1.57 2.375 x196 438.5 22.1 401 39.9 60
x120.5 17.09 0.83 15.86 1.4 2.1875 x179.5 434 21.1 403 35.6 56
x110.5 16.965 0.775 15.805 1.275 2.0625 x164.5 431 19.7 401 32.4 52
x100.5 16.84 0.715 15.745 1.15 1.9375 x149.5 427.5 18.2 400 29.2 49

WT 16.5x84.5 16.91 0.67 11.5 1.22 2.0625 WT 420x125.5 429.5 17 292 31 52

x76 16.745 0.635 11.565 1.055 1.875 x113 425.5 16.1 294 26.8 48
x70.5 16.65 0.605 11.535 0.96 1.75 x105 423 15.4 293 24.4 44
x65 16.545 0.58 11.51 0.855 1.6875 x96.5 420 14.7 292 21.7 43
x59 16.43 0.55 11.48 0.74 1.5625 x88 417.5 14 292 18.8 40

WT 15x238.5 17.105 1.63 15.865 2.95 3.75 WT 380x355 434.5 41.4 403 74.9 95
x195.5 16.595 1.36 15.59 2.44 3.25 x291 421.5 34.5 396 62 83
x163 16.2 1.14 15.37 2.05 2.8125 x242 411.5 29 390 52.1 71
x146 16.005 1.02 15.255 1.85 2.625 x217 406.5 25.9 387 47 67
x130.5 15.805 0.93 15.155 1.65 2.4375 x194.5 401.5 23.6 385 41.9 62
x117.5 15.65 0.83 15.055 1.5 2.25 x175 397.5 21.1 382 38.1 57
x105.5 15.47 0.775 15.105 1.315 2.125 x157 393 19.7 384 33.4 54
x95.5 15.34 0.71 15.04 1.185 1.9375 x142 389.5 18 382 30.1 49
x86.5 15.22 0.655 14.985 1.065 1.875 x128.5 386.5 16.6 381 27.1 48

WT 15x74 15.335 0.65 10.48 1.18 2 WT 380x110 389.5 16.5 266 30 51

x66 15.155 0.615 10.545 1 1.75 x98 385 15.6 268 25.4 44
x62 15.085 0.585 10.515 0.93 1.6875 x92.5 383 14.9 267 23.6 43
x58 15.005 0.565 10.495 0.85 1.625 x86.5 381 14.4 267 21.6 41
x54 14.915 0.545 10.475 0.76 1.5625 x80.5 379 13.8 266 19.3 40
x49.5 14.825 0.52 10.45 0.67 1.4375 x73.5 376.5 13.2 265 17 37
x45 14.765 0.47 10.4 0.61 1.3125 x67 375 11.9 264 15.5 33
 PA G E 45 M AT E R I A L S

Structural Tees
(Cut from W shapes)
Dimensions

US Customary Units Metric Units

Designation Depth Web Flange Distance Designation Depth Web Flange Distance

nominal depth Thick- Width Thick- nominal depth Thick- Width Thick-
(in) ness ness (mm) ness ness
x d tw bf tf k x d tw bf tf k
nominal weight (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) nominal weight (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(lbs/ft) (kg/m)

WT 13.5x269.5 16.26 1.97 15.255 3.54 4.25 WT 345x401 413 50 387 89.9 108
x224 15.71 1.65 14.94 2.99 3.6875 x333.5 399 41.9 379 75.9 94
x184 15.195 1.38 14.665 2.48 3.1875 x274 386 35.1 372 63 81
x153.5 14.805 1.16 14.445 2.09 2.8125 x228.5 376 29.5 367 53.1 71
x129 14.49 0.98 14.27 1.77 2.5 x192 368 24.9 362 45 64
x117.5 14.33 0.91 14.19 1.61 2.3125 x175 364 23.1 360 40.9 59
x108.5 14.215 0.83 14.115 1.5 2.1875 x161.5 361 21.1 359 38.1 56
x97 14.055 0.75 14.035 1.34 2.0625 x144.5 357 19 356 34 52
x89 13.905 0.725 14.085 1.19 1.875 x132.5 353 18.4 358 30.2 48
x80.5 13.795 0.66 14.02 1.08 1.8125 x120 350.5 16.8 356 27.4 46
x73 13.69 0.605 13.965 0.975 1.6875 x108.5 347.5 15.4 355 24.8 43

WT 13.5x64.5 13.815 0.61 10.01 1.1 1.8125 WT 345x96 351 15.5 254 27.9 46
x57 13.645 0.57 10.07 0.93 1.625 x85 346.5 14.5 256 23.6 41
x51 13.545 0.515 10.015 0.83 1.5625 x76 344 13.1 254 21.1 40
x47 13.46 0.49 9.99 0.745 1.4375 x70 342 12.4 254 18.9 37
x42 13.355 0.46 9.96 0.64 1.375 x62.5 339 11.7 253 16.3 35

WT 12x246 14.825 1.97 14.115 3.54 4.3125 WT 305x366 376.5 50 359 89.9 110
x204 14.27 1.65 13.8 2.99 3.75 x304 362.5 41.9 351 75.9 95
x167.5 13.76 1.38 13.52 2.48 3.25 x249 349.5 35.1 343 63 83
x139.5 13.365 1.16 13.305 2.09 2.875 x207.5 339.5 29.5 338 53.1 73
x125 13.17 1.04 13.185 1.89 2.6875 x186 334.5 26.4 335 48 68
x114.5 13.01 0.96 13.11 1.73 2.5 x170.5 330.5 24.4 333 43.9 64
x103.5 12.855 0.87 13.01 1.57 2.375 x153.5 326.5 22.1 330 39.9 60
x96 12.735 0.81 12.95 1.46 2.25 x142.5 323.5 20.6 329 37.1 57
x88 12.62 0.75 12.89 1.34 2.125 x131 320.5 19 327 34 54
x81 12.5 0.705 12.955 1.22 2 x120.5 317.5 17.9 329 31 51
x73 12.37 0.65 12.9 1.09 1.875 x108.5 314 16.5 328 27.7 48
x65.5 12.24 0.605 12.855 0.96 1.75 x97.5 311 15.4 327 24.4 44
x58.5 12.13 0.55 12.8 0.85 1.625 x87 308 14 325 21.6 41
x52 12.03 0.5 12.75 0.75 1.5 x77.5 305.5 12.7 324 19 38

WT 12x51.5 12.265 0.55 9 0.98 1.75 WT 305x76.5 311.5 14 229 24.9 44

x47 12.155 0.515 9.065 0.875 1.625 x70 308.5 13.1 230 22.2 41
x42 12.05 0.47 9.02 0.77 1.5625 x62.5 306 11.9 229 19.6 40
x38 11.96 0.44 8.99 0.68 1.4375 x56.5 304 11.2 228 17.3 37
x34 11.865 0.415 8.965 0.585 1.375 x50.5 301.5 10.5 228 14.9 35
x31 11.87 0.43 7.04 0.59 1.375 x46 301.5 10.9 179 15 35
x27.5 11.785 0.395 7.005 0.505 1.3125 x41 299.5 10 178 12.8 33

WT 10.5x100.5 11.515 0.91 12.575 1.63 2.375 WT 265x150 292.5 23.1 319 41.4 60
M AT E R I A L S PA G E 46

Structural Tees
(Cut from W shapes)
Dimensions

US Customary Units Metric Units

Designation Depth Web Flange Distance Designation Depth Web Flange Distance

nominal depth Thick- Width Thick- nominal depth Thick- Width Thick-
(in) ness ness (mm) ness ness
x d tw bf tf k x d tw bf tf k
nominal weight (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) nominal weight (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(lbs/ft) (kg/m)

x91 11.36 0.83 12.5 1.48 2.25 x136 288.5 21.1 318 37.6 57
x83 11.24 0.75 12.42 1.36 2.125 x124 285.5 19 315 34.5 54
x73.5 11.03 0.72 12.51 1.15 1.875 x109.5 280 18.3 318 29.2 48
x66 10.915 0.65 12.44 1.035 1.8125 x98 277 16.5 316 26.3 46
x61 10.84 0.6 12.39 0.96 1.6875 x91 275.5 15.2 315 24.4 43
x55.5 10.755 0.55 12.34 0.875 1.625 x82.5 273 14 313 22.2 41
x50.5 10.68 0.5 12.29 0.8 1.5625 x75 271.5 12.7 312 20.3 40

WT 10.5x46.5 10.81 0.58 8.42 0.93 1.6875 WT 265x69 274.5 14.7 214 23.6 43
x41.5 10.715 0.515 8.355 0.835 1.5625 x61.5 272 13.1 212 21.2 40
x36.5 10.62 0.455 8.295 0.74 1.5 x54.5 269.5 11.6 211 18.8 38
x34 10.565 0.43 8.27 0.685 1.4375 x50.5 268.5 10.9 210 17.4 37
x31 10.495 0.4 8.24 0.615 1.375 x46 266.5 10.2 209 15.6 35

WT 10.5x28.5 10.53 0.405 6.555 0.65 1.375 WT 265x42.5 267.5 10.3 166 16.5 35
x25 10.415 0.38 6.53 0.535 1.3125 x37 264.5 9.7 166 13.6 33
x22 10.33 0.35 6.5 0.45 1.1875 x33 262.5 8.9 165 11.4 30

WT 9x155.5 11.16 1.52 12.005 2.74 3.4375 WT 230x232 283.5 38.6 305 69.6 87
x141.5 10.925 1.4 11.89 2.5 3.1875 x210.5 277.5 35.6 302 63.5 81
x129 10.73 1.28 11.77 2.3 3 x192 272.5 32.5 299 58.4 76
x117 10.53 1.16 11.65 2.11 2.75 x174.5 267.5 29.5 296 53.6 70
x105.5 10.335 1.06 11.555 1.91 2.5625 x157.5 262.5 26.9 293 48.5 65
x96 10.175 0.96 11.455 1.75 2.4375 x143 258.5 24.4 291 44.5 62
x87.5 10.02 0.89 11.375 1.59 2.25 x130 254.5 22.6 289 40.4 57
x79 9.86 0.81 11.3 1.44 2.125 x117.5 250.5 20.6 287 36.6 54
x71.5 9.745 0.73 11.22 1.32 2 x106.5 247.5 18.5 285 33.5 51
x65 9.625 0.67 11.16 1.2 1.875 x96.5 244.5 17 283 30.5 48

WT 9x59.5 9.485 0.655 11.265 1.06 1.75 WT 230x88.5 241 16.6 286 26.9 44
x53 9.365 0.59 11.2 0.94 1.625 x79 238 15 284 23.9 41
x48.5 9.295 0.535 11.145 0.87 1.5625 x72 236 13.6 283 22.1 40
x43 9.195 0.48 11.09 0.77 1.4375 x64 233.5 12.2 282 19.6 37
x38 9.105 0.425 11.035 0.68 1.375 x56.5 231.5 10.8 280 17.3 35

WT 9x35.5 9.235 0.495 7.635 0.81 1.5 WT 230x53 234.5 12.6 194 20.6 38
x32.5 9.175 0.45 7.59 0.75 1.4375 x48.5 233 11.4 193 19 37
x30 9.12 0.415 7.555 0.695 1.375 x44.5 231.5 10.5 192 17.7 35
x27.5 9.055 0.39 7.53 0.63 1.3125 x41 230 9.9 191 16 33
x25 8.995 0.355 7.495 0.57 1.25 x37 228.5 9 190 14.5 32

WT 9x23 9.03 0.36 6.06 0.605 1.25 WT 230x34 229.5 9.1 154 15.4 32
 PA G E 47 M AT E R I A L S

Structural Tees
(Cut from W shapes)
Dimensions

US Customary Units Metric Units

Designation Depth Web Flange Distance Designation Depth Web Flange Distance

nominal depth Thick- Width Thick- nominal depth Thick- Width Thick-
(in) ness ness (mm) ness ness
x d tw bf tf k x d tw bf tf k
nominal weight (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) nominal weight (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(lbs/ft) (kg/m)

x20 8.95 0.315 6.015 0.525 1.1875 x30 227.5 8 153 13.3 30
x17.5 8.85 0.3 6 0.425 1.125 x26 225 7.6 152 10.8 29

WT 8x50 8.485 0.585 10.425 0.985 1.6875 WT 205x74.5 215.5 14.9 265 25 43
x44.5 8.375 0.525 10.365 0.875 1.5625 x66 212.5 13.3 263 22.2 40
x38.5 8.26 0.455 10.295 0.76 1.4375 x57 210 11.6 261 19.3 37
x33.5 8.165 0.395 10.235 0.665 1.375 x50 207.5 10 260 16.9 35

WT 8x28.5 8.215 0.43 7.12 0.715 1.375 WT 205x42.5 208.5 10.9 181 18.2 35
x25 8.13 0.38 7.07 0.63 1.3125 x37 206.5 9.7 180 16 33
x22.5 8.065 0.345 7.035 0.565 1.25 x33.5 205 8.8 179 14.4 32
x20 8.005 0.305 6.995 0.505 1.1875 x30 203.5 7.7 178 12.8 30
x18 7.93 0.295 6.985 0.43 1.125 x26.5 201.5 7.5 177 10.9 29

WT 8x15.5 7.94 0.275 5.525 0.44 1.125 WT 205x23.1 201.5 7 140 11.2 29
x13 7.845 0.25 5.5 0.345 1.0625 x19.4 199.5 6.4 140 8.8 27

WT 7x404 11.42 3.74 18.56 5.12 5.8125 WT 180x601 290 95 471 130 148
x365 11.21 3.07 17.89 4.91 5.5625 x543 284.5 78 454 124.7 141
x332.5 10.82 2.83 17.65 4.52 5.1875 x495 275 71.9 448 114.8 132
x302.5 10.46 2.595 17.415 4.16 4.8125 x450 265.5 65.9 442 105.7 122
x275 10.12 2.38 17.2 3.82 4.5 x409 257 60.5 437 97 114
x250 9.8 2.19 17.01 3.5 4.1875 x372 249 55.6 432 88.9 106
x227.5 9.51 2.015 16.835 3.21 3.875 x338.5 241.5 51.2 428 81.5 98

WT 7x213 9.335 1.875 16.695 3.035 3.6875 WT 180x317 237 47.6 424 77.1 94
x199 9.145 1.77 16.59 2.845 3.5 x296 232.5 45 421 72.3 89
x185 8.96 1.655 16.475 2.66 3.3125 x275.5 227.5 42 418 67.6 84
x171 8.77 1.54 16.36 2.47 3.125 x254.5 223 39.1 416 62.7 79
x155.5 8.56 1.41 16.23 2.26 2.9375 x231.5 217.5 35.8 412 57.4 75
x141.5 8.37 1.29 16.11 2.07 2.75 x210.5 212.5 32.8 409 52.6 70
x128.5 8.19 1.175 15.995 1.89 2.5625 x191 208 29.8 406 48 65
x116.5 8.02 1.07 15.89 1.72 2.375 x173.5 203.5 27.2 404 43.7 60
x105.5 7.86 0.98 15.8 1.56 2.25 x157 199.5 24.9 401 39.6 57
x96.5 7.74 0.89 15.71 1.44 2.125 x143.5 196.5 22.6 399 36.6 54
x88 7.61 0.83 15.65 1.31 2 x131 193.5 21.1 398 33.3 51
x79.5 7.49 0.745 15.565 1.19 1.875 x118.5 190 18.9 395 30.2 48
x72.5 7.39 0.68 15.5 1.09 1.75 x108 187.5 17.3 394 27.7 44

WT 7x66 7.33 0.645 14.725 1.03 1.6875 WT 180x98 186 16.4 374 26.2 43
x60 7.24 0.59 14.67 0.94 1.625 x89.5 184 15 373 23.9 41
x54.5 7.16 0.525 14.605 0.86 1.5625 x81 182 13.3 371 21.8 40
M AT E R I A L S PA G E 48

Structural Tees
(Cut from W shapes)
Dimensions

US Customary Units Metric Units

Designation Depth Web Flange Distance Designation Depth Web Flange Distance

nominal depth Thick- Width Thick- nominal depth Thick- Width Thick-
(in) ness ness (mm) ness ness
x d tw bf tf k x d tw bf tf k
nominal weight (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) nominal weight (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(lbs/ft) (kg/m)

x49.5 7.08 0.485 14.565 0.78 1.4375 x73.5 180 12.3 370 19.8 37
x45 7.01 0.44 14.52 0.71 1.375 x67 178 11.2 369 18 35

WT 7x41 7.155 0.51 10.13 0.855 1.625 WT 180x61 181.5 13 257 21.7 41
x37 7.085 0.45 10.07 0.785 1.5625 x55 180 11.4 256 19.9 40
x34 7.02 0.415 10.035 0.72 1.5 x50.5 178.5 10.5 255 18.3 38
x30.5 6.945 0.375 9.995 0.645 1.4375 x45.5 176.5 9.5 254 16.4 37

WT 7x26.5 6.96 0.37 8.06 0.66 1.4375 WT 180x39.5 177 9.4 205 16.8 37
x24 6.895 0.34 8.03 0.595 1.375 x36 175 8.6 204 15.1 35
x21.5 6.83 0.305 7.995 0.53 1.3125 x32 173.5 7.7 203 13.5 33

WT 7x19 7.05 0.31 6.77 0.515 1.0625 WT 180x28.9 179 7.9 172 13.1 27
x17 6.99 0.285 6.745 0.455 1 x25.5 177.5 7.2 171 11.6 25
x15 6.92 0.27 6.73 0.385 0.9375 x22 176 6.9 171 9.8 24

WT 7x13 6.955 0.255 5.025 0.42 0.9375 WT 180x19.5 176.5 6.5 128 10.7 24
x11 6.87 0.23 5 0.335 0.875 x16.5 174.5 5.8 127 8.5 22

WT 6x168 8.41 1.775 13.385 2.955 3.6875 WT 155x250 213.5 45.1 340 75.1 94
x152.5 8.16 1.625 13.235 2.705 3.4375 x227 207.5 41.3 336 68.7 87
x139.5 7.925 1.53 13.14 2.47 3.1875 x207.5 201.5 38.9 334 62.7 81
x126 7.705 1.395 13.005 2.25 2.9375 x187.5 195.5 35.4 330 57.2 75
x115 7.525 1.285 12.895 2.07 2.75 x171 191 32.6 328 52.6 70
x105 7.355 1.18 12.79 1.9 2.625 x156.5 187 30 325 48.3 67
x95 7.19 1.06 12.67 1.735 2.4375 x141.5 182.5 26.9 322 44.1 62
x85 7.015 0.96 12.57 1.56 2.25 x126.5 178 24.4 319 39.6 57
x76 6.855 0.87 12.48 1.4 2.125 x113 174 22.1 317 35.6 54
x68 6.705 0.79 12.4 1.25 1.9375 x101 170.5 20.1 315 31.8 49
x60 6.56 0.71 12.32 1.105 1.8125 x89.5 166.5 18 313 28.1 46
x53 6.445 0.61 12.22 0.99 1.6875 x79 163.5 15.5 310 25.1 43
x48 6.355 0.55 12.16 0.9 1.625 x71.5 161.5 14 309 22.9 41
x43.5 6.265 0.515 12.125 0.81 1.5 x64.5 159 13.1 308 20.6 38
x39.5 6.19 0.47 12.08 0.735 1.4375 x58.5 157 11.9 307 18.7 37
x36 6.125 0.43 12.04 0.67 1.375 x53.5 155.5 10.9 306 17 35
x32.5 6.06 0.39 12 0.605 1.3125 x48.5 154 9.9 305 15.4 33

WT 6x29 6.095 0.36 10.01 0.64 1.375 WT 155x43 155 9.1 254 16.3 35
x26.5 6.03 0.345 9.995 0.575 1.25 x39.5 153 8.8 254 14.6 32

WT 6x25 6.095 0.37 8.08 0.64 1.375 WT 155x37 155 9.4 205 16.3 35
x22.5 6.03 0.335 8.045 0.575 1.25 x33.5 153 8.5 204 14.6 32
 PA G E 49 M AT E R I A L S

Structural Tees
(Cut from W shapes)
Dimensions

US Customary Units Metric Units

Designation Depth Web Flange Distance Designation Depth Web Flange Distance

nominal depth Thick- Width Thick- nominal depth Thick- Width Thick-
(in) ness ness (mm) ness ness
x d tw bf tf k x d tw bf tf k
nominal weight (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) nominal weight (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(lbs/ft) (kg/m)

x20 5.97 0.295 8.005 0.515 1.25 x30 151.5 7.5 203 13.1 32

WT 6x17.5 6.25 0.3 6.56 0.52 1 WT 155x26 159 7.6 167 13.2 25
x15 6.17 0.26 6.52 0.44 0.9375 x22.3 156.5 6.6 166 11.2 24
x13 6.11 0.23 6.49 0.38 0.875 x19.4 155 5.8 165 9.7 22

WT 6x11 6.155 0.26 4.03 0.425 0.875 WT 155x16.4 156.5 6.6 102 10.8 22
x9.5 6.08 0.235 4.005 0.35 0.8125 x14.2 154.5 6 102 8.9 21
x8 5.995 0.22 3.99 0.265 0.75 x11.9 152.5 5.6 101 6.7 19
x7 5.955 0.2 3.97 0.225 0.6875 x10.5 151.5 5.1 101 5.7 17

WT 5x56 5.68 0.755 10.415 1.25 1.875 WT 125x83.5 144.5 19.2 265 31.8 48
x50 5.55 0.68 10.34 1.12 1.75 x74.5 141 17.3 263 28.4 44
x44 5.42 0.605 10.265 0.99 1.625 x65.5 137.5 15.4 261 25.1 41
x38.5 5.3 0.53 10.19 0.87 1.5 x57.5 134.5 13.5 259 22.1 38
x34 5.2 0.47 10.13 0.77 1.375 x50.5 132 11.9 257 19.6 35
x30 5.11 0.42 10.08 0.68 1.3125 x44.5 130 10.7 256 17.3 33
x27 5.045 0.37 10.03 0.615 1.25 x40 128 9.4 255 15.6 32
x24.5 4.99 0.34 10 0.56 1.1875 x36.5 126.5 8.6 254 14.2 30

WT 5x22.5 5.05 0.35 8.02 0.62 1.25 WT 125x33.5 128.5 8.9 204 15.7 32
x19.5 4.96 0.315 7.985 0.53 1.125 x29 126 8 203 13.5 29
x16.5 4.865 0.29 7.96 0.435 1.0625 x24.6 123.5 7.4 202 11 27

WT 5x15 5.235 0.3 5.81 0.51 0.9375 WT 125x22.4 133 7.6 148 13 24
x13 5.165 0.26 5.77 0.44 0.875 x19.3 131 6.6 147 11.2 22
x11 5.085 0.24 5.75 0.36 0.75 x16.4 129 6.1 146 9.1 19

WT 5x9.5 5.12 0.25 4.02 0.395 0.8125 WT 125x14.2 130 6.4 102 10 21
x8.5 5.055 0.24 4.01 0.33 0.75 x12.7 128.5 6.1 102 8.4 19
x7.5 4.995 0.23 4 0.27 0.6875 x11.2 127 5.8 102 6.9 17
x6 4.935 0.19 3.96 0.21 0.625 x9 125.5 4.8 101 5.3 16

WT 4x33.5 4.5 0.57 8.28 0.935 1.4375 WT 100x50 114.5 14.5 210 23.7 37
x29 4.375 0.51 8.22 0.81 1.3125 x43 111 13 209 20.6 33
x24 4.25 0.4 8.11 0.685 1.1875 x35.5 108 10.2 206 17.4 30
x20 4.125 0.36 8.07 0.56 1.0625 x29.5 105 9.1 205 14.2 27
x17.5 4.06 0.31 8.02 0.495 1 x26 103 7.9 204 12.6 25
x15.5 4 0.285 7.995 0.435 0.9375 x23.1 101.5 7.2 203 11 24

WT 4x14 4.03 0.285 6.535 0.465 0.9375 WT 100x20.9 102.5 7.2 166 11.8 24
M AT E R I A L S PA G E 50

Structural Tees
(Cut from W shapes)
Dimensions

US Customary Units Metric Units

Designation Depth Web Flange Distance Designation Depth Web Flange Distance

nominal depth Thick- Width Thick- nominal depth Thick- Width Thick-
(in) ness ness (mm) ness ness
x d tw bf tf k x d tw bf tf k
nominal weight (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) nominal weight (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(lbs/ft) (kg/m)

x12 3.965 0.245 6.495 0.4 0.875 x18 100.5 6.2 165 10.2 22

WT 4x10.5 4.14 0.25 5.27 0.4 0.8125 WT 100x15.7 105 6.4 134 10.2 21
x9 4.07 0.23 5.25 0.33 0.75 x13.3 103.5 5.8 133 8.4 19

WT 4x7.5 4.055 0.245 4.015 0.315 0.75 WT 100x11.3 103 6.2 102 8 19
x6.5 3.995 0.23 4 0.255 0.6875 x9.7 101.5 5.8 102 6.5 17
x5 3.945 0.17 3.94 0.205 0.625 x7.5 100 4.3 100 5.2 16

WT 3x12.5 3.19 0.32 6.08 0.455 0.8125 WT 75x18.6 81 8.1 154 11.6 21
x10 3.1 0.26 6.02 0.365 0.75 x14.9 78.5 6.6 153 9.3 19
x7.5 2.995 0.23 5.99 0.26 0.625 x11 76 5.8 152 6.6 16

WT 3x8 3.14 0.26 4.03 0.405 0.75 WT 75x12 80 6.6 102 10.3 19
x6 3.015 0.23 4 0.28 0.625 x9 76.5 5.8 102 7.1 16
x4.5 2.95 0.17 3.94 0.215 0.5625 x6.8 75 4.3 100 5.5 14

WT 2.5x9.5 2.575 0.27 5.03 0.43 0.8125 WT 65x14.1 65.5 6.9 128 10.9 21
x8 2.505 0.24 5 0.36 0.75 x11.9 63.5 6.1 127 9.1 19

WT 2x6.5 2.08 0.28 4.06 0.345 0.6875 WT 50x9.7 53 7.1 103 8.8 17
 PA G E 51 M AT E R I A L S

Structural Tees
(Cut from M shapes)
Dimensions

US Customary Units Metric Units

Designation Depth Web Flange Distance Designation Depth Web Flange Distance

nominal depth Thick- Width Thick- nominal depth Thick- Width Thick-
(in) ness ness (mm) ness ness
x d tw bf tf k x d tw bf tf k
nominal weight (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) nominal weight (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(lbs/ft) (kg/m)

MT6x5.9 5.955 0.177 3.065 0.225 0.5625 MT155x8.8 151.5 4.5 78 5.7 14
x5.4 5.935 0.162 3.065 0.206 0.5 x8.1 150.5 4.1 78 5.3 13

MT5x4.5 4.93 0.157 2.69 0.206 0.5625 MT125x6.7 125 4 68 5.2 14

x4 4.905 0.139 2.69 0.183 0.4375 x6 124.5 3.6 68 4.6 11

MT4x3.25 3.925 0.133 2.281 0.189 0.5 MT100x4.9 99.5 3.4 58 4.8 13

MT2.5x9.45 2.5 0.316 5.003 0.416 0.875 MT65x14.1 63.5 8 127 10.6 22
M AT E R I A L S PA G E 52

Structural Tees
(Cut from S shapes)
Dimensions

US Customary Units Metric Units

Designation Depth Web Flange Distance Designation Depth Web Flange Distance

nominal depth Thick- Width Thick- nominal depth Thick- Width Thick-
(in) ness ness (mm) ness ness
x d tw bf tf k x d tw bf tf k
nominal weight (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) nominal weight (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(lbs/ft) (kg/m)

ST12x60.5 12.25 0.8 8.05 1.09 2 ST305x90 311 20.3 204 27.7 51
x53 12.25 0.62 7.87 1.09 2 x79 311 15.7 200 27.7 51

ST12x50 12 0.745 7.245 0.87 1.75 ST305x74.5 305 18.9 184 22.1 44
x45 12 0.625 7.125 0.87 1.75 x67 305 15.9 181 22.1 44
x40 12 0.5 7 0.87 1.75 x59.5 305 12.7 178 22.1 44

ST10x48 10.15 0.8 7.2 0.92 1.75 ST255x71.5 258 20.3 183 23.4 44
x43 10.15 0.66 7.06 0.92 1.75 x64 258 16.8 179 23.4 44

ST10x37.5 10 0.635 6.385 0.795 1.625 ST255x56 254 16.1 162 20.2 41
x33 10 0.505 6.255 0.795 1.625 x49.1 254 12.8 158 20.2 41

ST9x35 9 0.711 6.251 0.691 1.5 ST230x52 228.5 18.1 159 17.6 38
x27.35 9 0.461 6.001 0.691 1.5 x40.7 228.5 11.7 152 17.6 38

ST7.5x25 7.5 0.55 5.64 0.622 1.375 ST190x37 190.5 14 143 15.8 35
x21.45 7.5 0.411 5.501 0.622 1.375 x32 190.5 10.4 140 15.8 35

ST6x25 6 0.687 5.477 0.659 1.4375 ST155x37 152.5 17.4 139 16.7 37
x20.4 6 0.462 5.252 0.659 1.4375 x30.4 152.5 11.7 133 16.7 37

ST6x17.5 6 0.428 5.078 0.544 1.1875 ST155x26 152.5 10.9 129 13.8 30
x15.9 6 0.35 5 0.544 1.1875 x23.7 152.5 8.9 127 13.8 30

ST5x17.5 5 0.594 4.944 0.491 1.125 ST125x26 127 15.1 126 12.5 29
x12.7 5 0.311 4.661 0.491 1.125 x18.9 127 7.9 118 12.5 29

ST4x11.5 4 0.441 4.171 0.425 1 ST100x17 101.5 11.2 106 10.8 25

x9.2 4 0.271 4.001 0.425 1 x13.7 101.5 6.9 102 10.8 25

ST3x8.63 3 0.465 3.565 0.359 0.875 ST75x12.9 76 11.8 91 9.1 22

x6.25 3 0.232 3.332 0.359 0.875 x9.3 76 5.9 85 9.1 22

ST2.5x5 2.5 0.214 3.004 0.326 0.8125 ST65x7.5 63.5 5.4 76 8.3 21

ST2x4.75 2 0.326 2.796 0.293 0.75 ST50x7.1 51 8.3 71 7.4 19

x3.85 2 0.193 2.663 0.293 0.75 x5.8 51 4.9 68 7.4 19

ST1.5x3.75 1.5 0.349 2.509 0.26 0.6875 ST38x5.6 38 8.9 64 6.6 17

x2.85 1.5 0.17 2.33 0.26 0.6875 x4.3 38 4.3 59 6.6 17
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Dimensions and Section Properties of Rectangular HSS .................................................................................................2

Dimensions and Section Properties of Square HSS .......................................................................................................14
Dimensions and Section Properties of Round HSS .......................................................................................................18

NOMENCLATURE

b Nominal width minus 3 times the design wall thickness, t (in.)

C Torsional shear constant of cross-section (in.3)
D Outside diameter of round HSS (in.)
h Nominal depth minus 3 times the design wall thickness, t (in.)
I Moment of inertia of cross-section (in.4)
Ix Moment of inertia of cross-section about the X-X axis (in.4)
Iy Moment of inertia of cross-section about the Y-Y axis (in.4)
J Torsional stiffness constant of cross-section (in.4)
r Governing radius of gyration (in.)
rx Radius of gyration with respect to the X-X axis (in.)
ry Radius of gyration with respect to the Y-Y axis (in.)
S Elastic section modulus (in.3)
Sx Elastic section modulus about the X-X axis (in.3)
Sy Elastic section modulus about the Y-Y axis (in.3)
t Design wall thickness (in.)… “units added”
Z Plastic section modulus (in.3)
Zx Plastic section modulus about the X-X axis (in.3)
Zy Plastic section modulus about the Y-Y axis (in.3)
 Y

DIMENSIONS AND SECTION X X

PROPERTIES OF RECTANGULAR HSS

Y

Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross X-X Axis Y-Y Axis Stiffness Shear Surface
Nominal Size per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Foot t b/t h/t Area Ix Sx rx Zx Iy Sy ry Zy J C Per Foot
in. in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2

32 x 24 x 5/8* 225.80 0.625 35.4 48.2 66.4 9880 617 12.2 733 6390 533 9.81 604 12600 913 9.01
1/2* 183.50 0.500 45.0 61.0 53.9 8160 510 12.3 601 5280 440 9.89 495 10100 739 9.12
3/8* 138.95 0.375 61.0 82.3 40.8 6250 391 12.4 458 4050 337 9.96 378 7670 560 9.17

30 x 24 x 5/8* 217.30 0.625 35.4 45.0 63.9 8480 565 11.5 668 6050 504 9.73 575 11400 854 8.68
1/2* 176.70 0.500 45.0 57.0 51.9 7010 468 11.6 548 5000 417 9.82 472 9220 692 8.79
3/8* 133.84 0.375 61.0 77.0 39.3 5380 359 11.7 418 3840 320 9.88 360 6990 524 8.84

28 x 24 x 5/8* 208.79 0.625 35.4 41.8 61.4 7210 515 10.8 605 5710 476 9.65 546 10300 796 8.34
1/2* 169.89 0.500 45.0 53.0 49.9 5970 426 10.9 497 4730 394 9.73 448 8330 645 8.45
3/8* 128.74 0.375 61.0 71.7 37.8 4580 327 11.0 379 3630 302 9.79 342 6320 489 8.51

26 x 24 x 5/8* 200.28 0.625 35.4 38.6 58.9 6060 466 10.1 545 5370 447 9.55 517 9240 737 8.01
1/2* 163.08 0.500 45.0 49.0 47.9 5020 386 10.2 448 4450 371 9.64 425 7460 598 8.12
3/8* 123.64 0.375 61.0 66.3 36.3 3860 297 10.3 342 3420 285 9.70 324 5660 453 8.17

24 x 22 x 5/8* 183.27 0.625 32.2 35.4 53.9 4680 390 9.33 458 4110 373 8.73 432 7150 621 7.34
1/2* 149.47 0.500 41.0 45.0 43.9 3900 325 9.42 378 3420 311 8.82 356 5780 504 7.45
3/8* 113.43 0.375 55.7 61.0 33.3 3000 250 9.49 289 2630 239 8.89 273 4390 383 7.51

22 x 20 x 5/8* 166.25 0.625 29.0 32.2 48.9 3530 321 8.51 379 3060 306 7.91 355 5400 514 6.68
1/2* 135.86 0.500 37.0 41.0 39.9 2950 269 8.60 313 2560 256 8.00 294 4370 418 6.79
3/8* 103.22 0.375 50.3 55.7 30.3 2280 207 8.67 240 1970 197 8.07 225 3330 318 6.84

* This size produced by the submerged arc weld (SAW) process

2
 Y

DIMENSIONS AND SECTION

PROPERTIES OF RECTANGULAR HSS
X X

Y
Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross X-X Axis Y-Y Axis Stiffness Shear Surface
Nominal Size per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Foot t b/t h/t Area Ix Sx rx Zx Iy Sy ry Zy J C Per Foot
in. in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2

20 x 18 x 5/8* 149.24 0.625 25.8 29.0 43.9 2590 259 7.69 307 2210 245 7.10 286 3960 417 6.01
1/2* 122.25 0.500 33.0 37.0 35.9 2180 218 7.78 255 1850 206 7.19 238 3220 340 6.12
3/8* 93.01 0.375 45.0 50.3 27.3 1690 169 7.85 196 1440 160 7.25 183 2450 259 6.17

20 x 16 x 5/8* 140.73 0.625 22.6 29.0 41.4 2360 236 7.55 283 1680 210 6.37 243 3280 368 5.68
1/2* 115.45 0.500 29.0 37.0 33.9 1990 199 7.65 236 1410 177 6.46 203 2670 301 5.79
3/8* 87.91 0.375 39.7 50.3 25.8 1540 154 7.72 181 1100 137 6.52 156 2040 229 5.84

20 x 12 x 5/8* 123.72 0.625 16.2 29.0 36.4 1890 189 7.20 234 864 144 4.87 166 2030 271 5.01
1/2 103.30 0.465 22.8 40.0 28.3 1550 155 7.39 188 705 117 4.99 132 1540 209 5.20
3/8 78.52 0.349 31.4 54.3 21.5 1200 120 7.45 144 547 91.1 5.04 102 1180 160 5.23
5/16 65.87 0.291 38.2 65.7 18.1 1010 101 7.48 122 464 77.3 5.07 85.8 997 134 5.25

20 x 8 x 5/8 110.36 0.581 10.8 31.4 30.3 1440 144 6.89 185 338 84.6 3.34 96.4 916 167 4.50
1/2 89.68 0.465 14.2 40.0 24.6 1190 119 6.96 152 283 70.8 3.39 79.5 757 137 4.53
3/8 68.31 0.349 19.9 54.3 18.7 926 92.6 7.03 117 222 55.6 3.44 61.5 586 105 4.57
5/16 57.36 0.291 24.5 65.7 15.7 786 78.6 7.07 98.6 189 47.4 3.47 52.0 496 88.3 4.58

20 x 4 x 1/2 76.07 0.465 5.6 40.0 20.9 838 83.8 6.33 115 58.7 29.3 1.68 34.0 195 63.8 3.87
3/8 58.10 0.349 8.5 54.3 16.0 657 65.7 6.42 89.3 47.6 23.8 1.73 26.8 156 49.9 3.90
5/16 48.86 0.291 10.7 65.7 13.4 560 56.0 6.46 75.6 41.2 20.6 1.75 22.9 134 42.4 3.92

18 x 12 x 5/8* 115.21 0.625 16.2 25.8 33.9 1450 161 6.55 199 783 131 4.81 152 1740 243 4.68
1/2* 95.03 0.500 21.0 33.0 27.9 1240 138 6.67 168 668 111 4.89 127 1430 200 4.79
3/8* 72.59 0.375 29.0 45.0 21.3 971 108 6.75 130 524 87.3 4.95 98.6 1100 153 4.84

18 x 6 x 5/8 93.34 0.581 7.3 28.0 25.7 923 103 6.00 135 158 52.6 2.48 61.0 462 109 3.83
1/2 76.07 0.465 9.9 35.7 20.9 770 85.6 6.07 112 134 44.6 2.53 50.7 387 89.9 3.87
3/8 58.10 0.349 14.2 48.6 16.0 602 66.9 6.15 86.4 106 35.5 2.58 39.5 302 69.5 3.90
5/16 48.86 0.291 17.6 58.9 13.4 513 57.0 6.18 73.1 91.3 30.4 2.61 33.5 257 58.7 3.92
1/4 39.43 0.233 22.8 74.3 10.8 419 46.5 6.22 59.4 75.1 25.0 2.63 27.3 210 47.7 3.93

* This size produced by the submerged arc weld (SAW) process 3

 Y

DIMENSIONS AND SECTION

PROPERTIES OF RECTANGULAR HSS
X X

Y
Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross X-X Axis Y-Y Axis Stiffness Shear Surface
Nominal Size per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Foot t b/t h/t Area Ix Sx rx Zx Iy Sy ry Zy J C Per Foot
in. in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2
16 x 12 x 5/8* 106.71 0.625 16.2 22.6 31.4 1090 136 5.89 167 702 117 4.73 137 1470 215 4.34
1/2 89.68 0.465 22.8 31.4 24.6 904 113 6.06 135 581 96.8 4.86 111 1120 166 4.53
3/8 68.31 0.349 31.4 42.8 18.7 702 87.7 6.12 104 452 75.3 4.91 85.5 862 127 4.57
5/16 57.36 0.291 38.2 52.0 15.7 595 74.4 6.15 87.7 384 64.0 4.94 72.2 727 107 4.58

16 x 8 x 5/8 93.34 0.581 10.8 24.5 25 7 815 102 5.63 129 274 68.5 3.27 79.2 681 132 3.83
1/2 76.07 0.465 14.2 31.4 20.9 679 84.9 5.70 106 230 57.6 3.32 65.5 563 108 3.87
3/8 58.10 0.349 19.9 42 8 16.0 531 66.3 5.77 82.1 181 45.3 3.37 50.8 436 83.4 3.90
5/16 48.86 0.291 24.5 52.0 13.4 451 56.4 5.80 69.4 155 38.7 3.40 43.0 369 70.4 3.92

16 x 4 x 1/2 62.46 0.465 5.6 31.4 17.2 455 56.9 5.15 77.3 47.0 23.5 1.65 27.4 150 50.7 3.20
3/8 47.90 0.349 8.5 42.8 13.2 360 45.0 5.23 60.2 38.3 19.1 1.71 21.7 120 39.7 3.23
5/16 40.35 0.291 10.7 52.0 11.1 308 38.5 5.27 51.1 33.2 16.6 1.73 18.5 103 33.8 3.25

14 x 12 x 1/2* 81.42 0.500 21.0 25.0 23.9 678 96.9 5.32 116 536 89.3 4.73 104 990 154 4.12
3/8* 62.39 0.375 29.0 34.3 18.3 534 76.3 5.40 90.0 422 70.4 4.80 81.2 762 118 4.17

14 x 10 x 5/8 93.34 0.581 14.2 21.1 25.7 687 98.2 5.17 120 407 81.5 3.98 95.1 832 146 3.83
1/2 76.07 0.465 18.5 27.1 20.9 573 81.8 5.23 98.8 341 68.1 4.04 78.5 685 120 3.87
3/8 58.10 0.349 25.7 37.1 16.0 447 63.9 5.29 76.3 267 53.4 4.09 60.7 528 91.8 3.90
5/16 48.86 0.291 31.4 45.1 13.4 380 54.3 5.32 64.6 227 45.5 4.12 51.4 446 77.4 3.92
1/4 39.43 0.233 39.9 57.1 10.8 310 44.3 5.35 52.4 186 37.2 4.14 41.8 362 62.6 3.93

14 x 6 x 5/8 76.33 0.581 7.3 21.1 21.0 478 68.2 4.77 88.7 124 41.2 2.43 48.4 334 83.7 3.17
1/2 62.46 0.465 9.9 27.1 17.2 402 57.4 4.84 73.6 105 35.1 2.48 40.4 279 69.3 3.20
3/8 47.90 0.349 14.2 37.1 13.2 317 45.3 4.91 57.3 84.1 28.0 2.53 31.6 219 53.7 3.23
5/16 40.35 0.291 17.6 45.1 11.1 271 38.7 4.94 48.6 72.3 24.1 2.55 26.9 186 45.5 3.25
1/4 32.63 0.233 22.8 57.1 8.96 222 31.7 4.98 39.6 59.6 19.9 2.58 22.0 152 36.9 3.27
3/16 24.73 0.174 31.5 77.5 6.76 170 24.3 5.01 30.1 45.9 15.3 2.61 16.7 116 28.0 3.28

14 x 4 x 5/8 67.82 0.581 3.9 21.1 18.7 373 53.3 4.47 73.1 47.1 23.6 1.59 28.5 148 52.6 2.83
1/2 55.66 0.465 5.6 27.1 15.3 317 45.3 4.55 61.0 41.1 20.6 1.64 24.1 127 44.1 2.87
3/8 42.79 0.349 8.5 37.1 11.8 252 36.0 4.63 47.8 33.6 16.8 1.69 19.1 102 34.6 2.90
5/16 36.10 0.291 10.7 45.1 9.92 216 30.9 4.67 40.6 29.2 14.6 1.72 16.4 87.7 29.5 2.92
1/4 29.23 0.233 14.2 57.1 8.03 178 25.4 4.71 33.2 24.4 12.2 1.74 13.5 72.4 24.1 2.93
3/16 22.18 0.174 20.0 77.5 6.06 137 19.5 4.74 25 3 19.0 9.48 1.77 10.3 55.8 18.4 2.95

* This size produced by the submerged arc weld (SAW) process 4

 Y

DIMENSIONS AND SECTION

PROPERTIES OF RECTANGULAR HSS
X X

Y
Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross X-X Axis Y-Y Axis Stiffness Shear Surface
Nominal Size per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Foot t b/t h/t Area Ix Sx rx Zx Iy Sy ry Zy J C Per Foot
in. in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2
12 x 10 x 1/2 69.27 0.465 18.5 22.8 19.0 395 65.9 4.56 78.8 298 59.7 3.96 69.6 545 102 3.53
3/8 53.00 0.349 25.7 31.4 14.6 310 51.6 4.61 61.1 234 46.9 4.01 54.0 421 78.3 3.57
5/16 44.60 0.291 31.4 38.2 12.2 264 44.0 4.64 51.7 200 40.0 4.04 45.7 356 66.1 3.58
1/4 36.03 0.233 39.9 48.5 9.90 216 36.0 4.67 42.1 164 32.7 4.07 37.2 289 53.5 3.60

12 x 8 x 5/8 76.33 0.581 10.8 17.7 21.0 396 66.1 4.34 82 1 210 52.5 3.16 61.9 454 97.7 3.17
1/2 62.46 0.465 14.2 22.8 17.2 333 55.5 4.40 68.1 177 44.4 3.21 51.5 377 80.4 3.20
3/8 47.90 0.349 19.9 31.4 13.2 262 43.7 4.47 53.0 140 35.1 3.27 40.1 293 62.1 3.23
5/16 40.35 0.291 24.5 38.2 11.1 224 37.4 4.50 44.9 120 30.1 3.29 34.1 248 52.4 3.25
1/4 32.63 0.233 31.3 48.5 8.96 184 30.6 4.53 36.6 98.8 24.7 3.32 27.8 202 42.5 3.27
3/16 24.73 0.174 43.0 66.0 6.76 140 23.4 4.56 27.8 75.7 18.9 3.35 21.1 153 32.2 3.28

12 x 6 x 5/8 67.82 0.581 7.3 17.7 18.7 321 53.4 4.14 68.8 106 35.5 2.39 42.1 271 71.1 2.83
1/2 55.66 0.465 9.9 22.8 15.3 271 45.2 4.21 57.4 91.1 30.4 2.44 35.2 227 59.0 2.87
3/8 42.79 0.349 14.2 31.4 11.8 215 35.8 4.28 44.8 72.9 24.3 2.49 27.7 178 45.8 2.90
5/16 36.10 0.291 17.6 38.2 9.92 184 30.7 4.31 38.1 62.8 20.9 2.52 23.6 152 38.8 2.92
1/4 29.23 0.233 22.8 48.5 8.03 151 25.2 4.34 31.1 51.9 17.3 2.54 19.3 124 31.6 2.93
3/16 22.18 0.174 31.5 66.0 6.06 116 19.4 4.38 23.7 40.0 13.3 2.57 14.7 94.6 24.0 2.95

12 x 4 x 5/8 59.32 0.581 3.9 17.7 16.4 245 40.8 3.87 55.5 40.3 20.1 1.57 24.5 122 44.6 2.50
1/2 48.85 0.465 5.6 22.8 13.5 209 34.9 3.95 46.7 35.3 17.6 1.62 20.9 105 37.5 2.53
3/8 37.69 0.349 8.5 31.4 10.4 168 28.0 4.02 36.7 28.9 14.5 1.67 16.6 84.1 29.5 2.57
5/16 31.84 0.291 10.7 38.2 8.76 144 24.0 4.06 31.3 25.2 12.6 1.70 14.2 72.4 25.2 2.58
1/4 25.82 0.233 14.2 48.5 7.10 119 19.9 4.10 25.6 21.0 10.5 1.72 11.7 59.8 20.6 2.60
3/16 19.63 0.174 20.0 66.0 5.37 91.8 15.3 4.13 19.6 16.4 8.20 1.75 9.00 46.1 15.7 2.62

12 x 3 1/2 x 3/8 36.41 0.349 7.0 31.4 10.0 156 26.0 3.94 34.7 21.3 12.2 1.46 14.0 64.7 25.5 2.48
5/16 24.97 0.291 9.0 38.2 8.46 134 22.4 3.98 29.6 18.6 10.6 1.48 12.1 56.0 21.8 2.50

12 x 3 x 5/16 29.72 0.291 7.3 38.2 8.17 124 20.7 3.90 27.9 13.1 8.73 1.27 10.0 41.3 18.4 2.42
1/4 24.12 0.233 9.9 48.5 6.63 103 17.2 3.94 22.9 11.1 7.38 1.29 8.28 34.5 15.1 2.43
3/16 18.35 0.174 14.2 66.0 5.02 79.6 13.3 3.98 17.5 8.72 5.81 1.32 6.40 26.8 11.6 2.45

12 x 2 x 1/4 22.42 0.233 5.6 48.5 6.17 86.9 14.5 3.75 20.1 4.40 4.40 0.845 5.08 15.1 9.64 2.27
3/16 17.08 0.174 8.5 66.0 4.67 67.4 11.2 3.80 15.5 3.55 3.55 0.872 3.97 12.0 7.49 2.28

5
 Y

DIMENSIONS AND SECTION

PROPERTIES OF RECTANGULAR HSS
X X

Y
Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross X-X Axis Y-Y Axis Stiffness Shear Surface
Nominal Size per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Foot t b/t h/t Area Ix Sx rx Zx Iy Sy ry Zy J C Per Foot
in. in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2

10 x 8 x 1/2 55.66 0.465 14.2 18.5 15.3 214 42.7 3.73 51.9 151 37.8 3.14 44.5 288 66.4 2.87
3/8 42.79 0.349 19.9 25.7 11.8 169 33.9 3.79 40.5 120 30.0 3.19 34.8 224 51.4 2.90
5/16 36.10 0.291 24.5 31.4 9.92 145 29.0 3.82 34.4 103 25.7 3.22 29 6 190 43.5 2.92
1/4 29.23 0.233 31.3 39.9 8.03 119 23.8 3.85 28.1 84.7 21.2 3.25 24.2 155 35.3 2.93
3/16 22.18 0.174 43.0 54.5 6.06 91.4 18.3 3.88 21.4 65.1 16.3 3.28 18.4 118 26.7 2.95
10 x 6 x 5/8 59.32 0.581 7.3 14.2 16.4 201 40.2 3.50 51.3 89.4 29.8 2.34 35.8 209 58.6 2.50
1/2 48.85 0.465 9.9 18.5 13.5 171 34.3 3.57 43.0 76.8 25.6 2.39 30.1 176 48.7 2.53
3/8 37.69 0.349 14.2 25.7 10.4 137 27.3 3.63 33.8 61.8 20.6 2.44 23.7 139 37.9 2.57
5/16 31.84 0.291 17.6 31.4 8.76 118 23.5 3.66 28.8 53.3 17.8 2.47 20.2 118 32.2 2.58
1/4 25.82 0.233 22.8 39.9 7.10 96.9 19.4 3.69 23.6 44.1 14.7 2.49 16.6 96.7 26.2 2.60
3/16 19.63 0.174 31.5 54.5 5.37 74.6 14.9 3.73 18.0 34.1 11.4 2.52 12.7 73.8 19.9 2.62
10 x 5 x 3/8 35.13 0.349 11.3 25.7 9.67 120 24.1 3.53 30.4 40.6 16.2 2.05 18.7 100 31.2 2.40
5/16 29.72 0.291 14.2 31.4 8.17 104 20.8 3.56 26.0 35.2 14.1 2.07 16.0 86.0 26.5 2.42
1/4 24.12 0.233 18.5 39.9 6.63 85.8 17.2 3.60 21.3 29.3 11.7 2.10 13.2 70.7 21.6 2.43
3/16 18.35 0.174 25.7 54.5 5.02 66.2 13.2 3.63 16.3 22.7 9.09 2.13 10.1 54.1 16.5 2.45
10 x 4 x 5/8 50.81 0.581 3.9 14.2 14.0 149 29.9 3.26 40.3 33.4 16.7 1.54 20.6 95.7 36.7 2.17
1/2 42.05 0.465 5.6 18.5 11.6 129 25.8 3.34 34.1 29.4 14.7 1.59 17.6 82.6 31.0 2.20
3/8 32.58 0.349 8.5 25.7 8.97 104 20.8 3.41 27.0 24.3 12.1 1.64 14.0 66.5 24.4 2.23
5/16 27.59 0.291 10.7 31.4 7.59 90.1 18.0 3.44 23.1 21.2 10.6 1.67 12.1 57.3 20.9 2.25
1/4 22.42 0.233 14.2 39.9 6.17 74.7 14.9 3.48 19.0 17.7 8.87 1.70 9.96 47.4 17.1 2.27
3/16 17.08 0.174 20.0 54.5 4.67 57.8 11.6 3.52 14.6 13.9 6.93 1.72 7.66 36.5 13.1 2.28
10 x 3 1/2 x 3/16 16.44 0.174 17.1 54.5 4.50 53.6 10.7 3.45 13.7 10.3 5.89 1.51 6.52 28.6 11.4 2.20
10 x 3 x 3/8 30.03 0.349 5.6 25.7 8.27 88.0 17.6 3.26 23.7 12.4 8.27 1.22 9.73 37.8 17.7 2.07
5/16 25.46 0.291 7.3 31.4 7.01 76.3 15.3 3.30 20.3 11.0 7.30 1.25 8.42 33.0 15.2 2.08
1/4 20.72 0.233 9.9 39.9 5.70 63.6 12.7 3.34 16.7 9.28 6.18 1.28 6.99 27.6 12.5 2.10
3/16 15.80 0.174 14.2 54.5 4.32 49.4 9.87 3.38 12.8 7.33 4.89 1.30 5.41 21.5 9.64 2.12
1/8 10.71 0.116 22.9 83.2 2.93 34.2 6.83 3.42 8.80 5.16 3.44 1.33 3.74 14.9 6.61 2.13
10 x 2 x 3/8 27.48 0.349 2.7 25.7 7.58 71.7 14.3 3.08 20.3 4.69 4.69 0.786 5.76 15.9 11.0 1.90
5/16 23.34 0.291 3.9 31.4 6.43 62.6 12.5 3.12 17.5 4.24 4.24 0.812 5.06 14.2 9.56 1.92
1/4 19.02 0.233 5.6 39.9 5.24 52.5 10.5 3.17 14.4 3.67 3.67 0.837 4.26 12.2 7.99 1.93
3/16 14.53 0.174 8.5 54.5 3.98 41.0 8.19 3.21 11.1 2.97 2.97 0.864 3.34 9.74 6.22 1.95

6
 Y

DIMENSIONS AND SECTION

PROPERTIES OF RECTANGULAR HSS
X X

Y
Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross X-X Axis Y-Y Axis Stiffness Shear Surface
Nominal Size per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Foot t b/t h/t Area Ix Sx rx Zx Iy Sy ry Zy J C Per Foot
in. in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2

9 x 7 x 5/8 59.32 0.581 9.0 12.5 16.4 174 38.7 3.26 48.3 117 33.5 2.68 40.5 235 62.0 2.50
1/2 48.85 0.465 12.1 16.4 13.5 149 33.0 3.32 40.5 100 28.7 2.73 34.0 197 51.5 2.53
3/8 37.69 0.349 17.1 22.8 10.4 119 26.4 3.38 31.8 80.4 23.0 2.78 26.7 154 40.0 2.57
5/16 31.84 0.291 21.1 27.9 8.76 102 22.6 3.41 27.1 69.2 19.8 2.81 22.8 131 33.9 2.58
1/4 25.82 0.233 27.0 35.6 7.10 84.1 18.7 3.44 22.2 57.2 16.3 2.84 18.7 107 27.6 2.60
3/16 19.63 0.174 37.2 48.7 5.37 64.7 14.4 3.47 16.9 44.1 12.6 2.87 14.3 81.7 20.9 2.62

9 x 5 x 5/8 50.81 0.581 5.6 12.5 14.0 133 29.6 3.08 38.5 51.9 20.8 1.92 25.3 128 42.5 2.17
1/2 42.05 0.465 7.8 16.4 11.6 115 25.5 3.14 32.5 45.2 18.1 1.97 21.5 109 35.6 2.20
3/8 32.58 0.349 11.3 22.8 8.97 92.5 20.5 3.21 25.7 36.8 14.7 2.03 17.1 86.9 27.9 2.23
5/16 27.59 0.291 14.2 27.9 7.59 79.8 17.7 3.24 22.0 32.0 12.8 2.05 14.6 74.4 23.8 2.25
1/4 22.42 0.233 18.5 35.6 6.17 66.1 14.7 3.27 18.1 26.6 10.6 2.08 12.0 61.2 19.4 2.27
3/16 17.08 0.174 25.7 48.7 4.67 51.1 11.4 3.31 13.8 20.7 8.28 2.10 9.25 46.9 14.8 2.28

9 x 3 x 1/2 35.24 0.465 3.5 16.4 9.74 80.8 17.9 2.88 24.6 13.2 8.79 1.16 10.8 40.0 19.7 1.87
3/8 27.48 0.349 5.6 22.8 7.58 66.3 14.7 2.96 19.7 11.2 7.45 1.21 8.80 33.1 15.8 1.90
5/16 23.34 0.291 7.3 27.9 6.43 57.7 12.8 3.00 16.9 9.88 6.59 1.24 7.63 28.9 13.6 1.92
1/4 19.02 0.233 9.9 35.6 5.24 48.2 10.7 3.04 14.0 8.38 5.59 1.27 6.35 24.2 11.3 1.93
3/16 14.53 0.174 14.2 48.7 3.98 37.6 8.35 3.07 10.8 6.63 4.42 1.29 4.92 18.9 8.66 1.95

7
 Y

DIMENSIONS AND SECTION

PROPERTIES OF RECTANGULAR HSS
X X

Y
Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross X-X Axis Y-Y Axis Stiffness Shear Surface
Nominal Size per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Foot t b/t h/t Area Ix Sx rx Zx Iy Sy ry Zy J C Per Foot
in. in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2

8 x 6 x 5/8 50.81 0.581 7.3 10.8 14.0 114 28.5 2.85 36.1 72.2 24.1 2.27 29.5 150 46.0 2.17
1/2 42.05 0.465 9.9 14.2 11.6 98.2 24.5 2.91 30.5 62.5 20.8 2.32 24.9 127 38.4 2.20
3/8 32.58 0.349 14.2 19.9 8.97 79.1 19.8 2.97 24.1 50.6 16.9 2.38 19.8 100 30.0 2.23
5/16 27.59 0.291 17.6 24.5 7.59 68.3 17.1 3.00 20.6 43.8 14.6 2.40 16.9 85.8 25.5 2.25
1/4 22.42 0.233 22.8 31.3 6.17 56.6 14.1 3.03 16.9 36.4 12.1 2.43 13.9 70.3 20.8 2.27
3/16 17.08 0.174 31.5 43.0 4.67 43.7 10.9 3.06 13.0 28.2 9.39 2.46 10.7 53.7 15.8 2.28

8 x 4 x 5/8 42.30 0.581 3.9 10.8 11.7 81.9 20.5 2.64 27.4 26.6 13.3 1.51 16.6 70.3 28.7 1.83
1/2 35.24 0.465 5.6 14.2 9.74 71.7 17.9 2.71 23.5 23.6 11.8 1.56 14.3 61.1 24.4 1.87
3/8 27.48 0.349 8.5 19.9 7.58 58.7 14.7 2.78 18.8 19.6 9.79 1.61 11.5 49.3 19.3 1.90
5/16 23.34 0.291 10.7 24.5 6.43 51.0 12.8 2.82 16.1 17.2 8.58 1.63 9.91 42.6 16.5 1.92
1/4 19.02 0.233 14.2 31.3 5.24 42.5 10.6 2.85 13.3 14.4 7.21 1.66 8.20 35.3 13.6 1.93
3/16 14.53 0.174 20.0 43.0 3.98 33.1 8.27 2.88 10.2 11.3 5.65 1.69 6.33 27.2 10.4 1.95
1/8 9.86 0.116 31.5 66.0 2.70 22.9 5.73 2.92 7.02 7.90 3.95 1.71 4.36 18.7 7.10 1.97

8 x 3 x 1/2 31.84 0.465 3.5 14.2 8.81 58.5 14.6 2.58 20.0 11.7 7.78 1.15 9.64 34.3 17.4 1.70
3/8 24.93 0.349 5.6 19.9 6.88 48.5 12.1 2.65 16.1 9.94 6.62 1.20 7.88 28.5 14.0 1.73
5/16 21.21 0.291 7.3 24.5 5.85 42.4 10.6 2.69 13.9 8.81 5.87 1.23 6.84 24.9 12.1 1.75
1/4 17.32 0.233 9.9 31.3 4.77 35.5 8.88 2.73 11.5 7.49 4.99 1.25 5.70 20.8 9.97 1.77
3/16 13.25 0.174 14.2 43.0 3.63 27.8 6.94 2.77 8.87 5.94 3.96 1.28 4.43 16.2 7.68 1.78
1/8 9.01 0.116 22.9 66.0 2.46 19.3 4.83 2.80 6.11 4.20 2.80 1.31 3.07 11.3 5.27 1.80

8 x 2 x 3/8 22.37 0.349 2.7 19.9 6.18 38.2 9.56 2.49 13.4 3.72 3.72 0.776 4.61 12.1 8.65 1.57
5/16 19.08 0.291 3.9 24.5 5.26 33.7 8.43 2.53 11.6 3.38 3.38 0.801 4.06 10.9 7.57 1.58
1/4 15.62 0.233 5.6 31.3 4.30 28.5 7.12 2.57 9.68 2.94 2.94 0.827 3.43 9.36 6.35 1.60
3/16 11.97 0.174 8.5 43.0 3.28 22.4 5.61 2.61 7.51 2.39 2.39 0.853 2.70 7.48 4.95 1.62
1/8 8.16 0.116 14.2 66.0 2.23 15.7 3.93 2.65 5.19 1.72 1.72 0.879 1.90 5.30 3.44 1.63

8
 Y

DIMENSIONS AND SECTION

PROPERTIES OF RECTANGULAR HSS
X X

Y
Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross X-X Axis Y-Y Axis Stiffness Shear Surface
Nominal Size per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Foot t b/t h/t Area Ix Sx rx Zx Iy Sy ry Zy J C Per Foot
in. in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2

7 x 5 x 5/8 42.30 0.581 5.6 9.0 11.7 69.3 19.8 2.43 25.6 40.5 16.2 1.86 20.2 88.5 32.2 1.83
1/2 35.24 0.465 7.8 12.1 9.74 60.6 17.3 2.49 21.9 35.6 14.2 1.91 17.3 75.8 27.2 1.87
3/8 27.48 0.349 11.3 17.1 7.58 49.5 14.1 2.56 17.5 29.2 11.7 1.96 13.8 60.6 21.4 1.90
5/16 23.34 0.291 14.2 21.1 6.43 43.0 12.3 2.59 15.0 25.5 10.2 1.99 11.9 52.1 18.3 1.92
1/4 19.02 0.233 18.5 27.0 5.24 35.8 10.2 2.62 12.4 21.3 8.53 2.02 9.83 42.9 15.0 1.93
3/16 14.53 0.174 25.7 37.2 3.98 27.9 7.96 2.65 9.52 16.6 6.65 2.05 7.57 32.9 11.4 1.95
1/8 9.86 0.116 40.1 57.3 2.70 19.3 5.52 2.68 6.53 11.6 4.63 2.07 5.20 22.5 7.79 1.97

7 x 4 x 1/2 31.84 0.465 5.6 12.1 8.81 50.6 14.5 2.40 18.8 20.7 10.3 1.53 12.6 50.5 21.1 1.70
3/8 24.93 0.349 8.5 17.1 6.88 41.8 11.9 2.46 15.1 17.3 8.63 1.58 10.2 41.0 16.8 1.73
5/16 21.21 0.291 10.7 21.1 5.85 36.4 10.4 2.50 13.1 15.2 7.58 1.61 8.83 35.4 14.4 1.75
1/4 17.32 0.233 14.2 27.0 4.77 30.5 8.72 2.53 10.8 12.8 6.38 1.64 7.33 29.3 11.8 1.77
3/16 13.25 0.174 20.0 37.2 3.63 23.8 6.80 2.56 8.33 10.0 5.02 1.66 5.67 22.7 9.07 1.78
1/8 9.01 0.116 31.5 57.3 2.46 16.6 4.73 2.59 5.73 7.03 3.51 1.69 3.91 15.6 6.20 1.80

7 x 3 x 1/2 28.43 0.465 3.5 12.1 7.88 40.7 11.6 2.27 15.8 10.2 6.78 1.14 8.46 28.6 15.0 1.53
3/8 22.37 0.349 5.6 17.1 6.18 34.0 9.73 2.35 12.8 8.70 5.80 1.19 6.95 23.9 12.1 1.57
5/16 19.08 0.291 7.3 21.1 5.26 29.9 8.54 2.38 11.1 7.74 5.16 1.21 6.05 20.9 10.5 1.58
1/4 15.62 0.233 9.9 27.0 4.30 25.2 7.19 2.42 9.22 6.59 4.40 1.24 5.06 17.5 8.68 1.60
3/16 11.97 0.174 14.2 37.2 3.28 19.8 5.65 2.45 7.14 5.24 3.50 1.26 3.94 13.7 6.69 1.62
1/8 8.16 0.116 22.9 57.3 2.23 13.8 3.95 2.49 4.93 3.71 2.48 1.29 2.73 9.48 4.60 1.63

9
 Y

DIMENSIONS AND SECTION X X

PROPERTIES OF RECTANGULAR HSS

Y
Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross X-X Axis Y-Y Axis Stiffness Shear Surface
Nominal Size per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Foot t b/t h/t Area Ix Sx rx Zx Iy Sy ry Zy J C Per Foot
in. in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2

6 x 5 x 3/8 24.93 0.349 11.3 14.2 6.88 33.9 11.3 2.22 13.8 25.5 10.2 1.92 12.2 48.1 18.2 1.73
5/16 21.21 0.291 14.2 17.6 5.85 29.6 9.85 2.25 11.9 22.3 8.91 1.95 10.5 41.4 15.6 1.75
1/4 17.32 0.233 18.5 22.8 4.77 24.7 8.25 2.28 9.87 18.7 7.47 1.98 8.72 34.2 12.8 1.77
3/16 13.25 0.174 25.7 31.5 3.63 19.3 6.44 2.31 7.62 14.6 5.84 2.01 6.73 26.3 9.76 1.78

6 x 4 x 1/2 28.43 0.465 5.6 9.9 7.88 33.9 11.3 2.08 14.6 17.7 8.87 1.50 11.0 40.3 17.8 1.53
3/8 22.37 0.349 8.5 14.2 6.18 28.3 9.43 2.14 11.9 14.9 7.46 1.55 8.94 32.8 14.2 1.57
5/16 19.08 0.291 10.7 17.6 5.26 24.8 8.27 2.17 10.3 13.1 6.57 1.58 7.75 28.4 12.2 1.58
1/4 15.62 0.233 14.2 22.8 4.30 20.9 6.96 2.20 8.53 11.1 5.56 1.61 6.45 23.6 10.1 1.60
3/16 11.97 0.174 20.0 31.5 3.28 16.4 5.46 2.23 6.60 8.76 4.38 1.63 5.00 18.2 7.74 1.62
1/8 8.16 0.116 31.5 48.7 2.23 11.4 3.81 2.26 4.56 6.15 3.08 1.66 3.46 12.6 5.30 1.63

6 x 3 x 1/2 25.03 0.465 3.5 9.9 6.95 26.8 8.94 1.96 12.1 8.65 5.77 1.12 7.28 23.1 12.7 1.37
3/8 19.82 0.349 5.6 14.2 5.48 22.7 7.57 2.04 9.90 7.47 4.98 1.17 6.03 19.3 10.3 1.40
5/16 16.96 0.291 7.3 17.6 4.68 20.1 6.69 2.07 8.61 6.66 4.44 1.19 5.27 16.9 8.91 1.42
1/4 13.91 0.233 9.9 22.8 3.84 17.0 5.66 2.10 7.19 5.70 3.80 1.22 4.41 14.2 7.39 1.43
3/16 10.70 0.174 14.2 31.5 2.93 13.4 4.47 2.14 5.59 4.55 3.03 1.25 3.45 11.1 5.71 1.45
1/8 7.31 0.116 22.9 48.7 2.00 9.43 3.14 2.17 3.87 3.23 2.15 1.27 2.40 7.73 3.93 1.47

6 x 2 x 3/8 17.27 0.349 2.7 14.2 4.78 17.1 5.71 1.89 7.93 2.75 2.75 0.759 3.46 8.42 6.35 1.23
5/16 14.83 0.291 3.9 17.6 4.10 15.3 5.11 1.93 6.95 2.52 2.52 0.784 3.07 7.60 5.58 1.25
1/4 12.21 0.233 5.6 22.8 3.37 13.1 4.37 1.97 5.84 2.21 2.21 0.809 2.61 6.55 4.70 1.27
3/16 9.42 0.174 8.5 31.5 2.58 10.5 3.49 2.01 4.58 1.80 1.80 0.835 2.07 5.24 3.68 1.28
1/8 6.46 0.116 14.2 48.7 1.77 7.42 2.47 2.05 3.19 1.31 1.31 0.861 1.46 3.72 2.57 1.30

10
 Y

DIMENSIONS AND SECTION

PROPERTIES OF RECTANGULAR HSS
X X

Y
Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross X-X Axis Y-Y Axis Stiffness Shear Surface
Nominal Size per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Foot t b/t h/t Area Ix Sx rx Zx Iy Sy ry Zy J C Per Foot
in. in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2

5 x 4 x 1/2 25.03 0.465 5.6 7.8 6.95 21.2 8.48 1.75 10.9 14.8 7.41 1.46 9.35 30.3 14.5 1.37
3/8 19.82 0.349 8.5 11.3 5.48 17.9 7.16 1.81 8.96 12.6 6.29 1.52 7.67 24.9 11.7 1.40
5/16 16.96 0.291 10.7 14.2 4.68 15.8 6.32 1.84 7.79 11.1 5.57 1.54 6.67 21.7 10.1 1.42
1/4 13.91 0.233 14.2 18.5 3.84 13.4 5.35 1.87 6.49 9.46 4.73 1.57 5.57 18.0 8.32 1.43
3/16 10.70 0.174 20.0 25.7 2.93 10.6 4.22 1.90 5.05 7.48 3.74 1.60 4.34 14.0 6.41 1.45

5 x 3 x 1/2 21.63 0.465 3.5 7.8 6.02 16.4 6.56 1.65 8.83 7.14 4.76 1.09 6.10 17.6 10.3 1.20
3/8 17.27 0.349 5.6 11.3 4.78 14.1 5.65 1.72 7.34 6.23 4.16 1.14 5.10 14.9 8.44 1.23
5/16 14.83 0.291 7.3 14.2 4.10 12.6 5.03 1.75 6.42 5.59 3.73 1.17 4.48 13.1 7.33 1.25
1/4 12.21 0.233 9.9 18.5 3.37 10.7 4.29 1.78 5.38 4.81 3.20 1.19 3.77 11.0 6.10 1.27
3/16 9.42 0.174 14.2 25.7 2.58 8.53 3.41 1.82 4.21 3.85 2.57 1.22 2.96 8.64 4.73 1.28
1/8 6.46 0.116 22.9 40.1 1.77 6.03 2.41 1.85 2.93 2.75 1.83 1.25 2.07 6.02 3.26 1.30

5 x 2 1/2 x 1/4 11.36 0.233 7.7 18.5 3.14 9.40 3.76 1.73 4.83 3.13 2.50 0.998 2.95 7.93 4.99 1.18
3/16 8.78 0.174 11.4 25.7 2.41 7.51 3.01 1.77 3.79 2.53 2.03 1.02 2.33 6.26 3.89 1.20
1/8 6.03 0.116 18.6 40.1 1.65 5.34 2.14 1.80 2.65 1.82 1.46 1.05 1.64 4.40 2.70 1.22

5 x 2 x 3/8 14.72 0.349 2.7 11.3 4.09 10.3 4.14 1.59 5.71 2.27 2.27 0.746 2.88 6.61 5.20 1.07
5/16 12.70 0.291 3.9 14.2 3.52 9.34 3.74 1.63 5.05 2.09 2.09 0.771 2.57 5.99 4.59 1.08
1/4 10.51 0.233 5.6 18.5 2.91 8.08 3.23 1.67 4.27 1.84 1.84 0.796 2.20 5.17 3.88 1.10
3/16 8.15 0.174 8.5 25.7 2.24 6.50 2.60 1.70 3.37 1.51 1.51 0.822 1.75 4.15 3.05 1.12
1/8 5.61 0.116 14.2 40.1 1.54 4.65 1.86 1.74 2.37 1.10 1.10 0.848 1.24 2.95 2.13 1.13

11
 Y

DIMENSIONS AND SECTION

PROPERTIES OF RECTANGULAR HSS
X X

Y
Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross X-X Axis Y-Y Axis Stiffness Shear Surface
Nominal Size per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Foot t b/t h/t Area Ix Sx rx Zx Iy Sy ry Zy J C Per Foot
in. in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2

4 x 3 x 3/8 14.72 0.349 5.6 8.5 4.09 7.92 3.96 1.39 5.12 5.00 3.33 1.11 4.18 10.6 6.59 1.07
5/16 12.70 0.291 7.3 10.7 3.52 7.13 3.57 1.42 4.51 4.52 3.01 1.13 3.69 9.41 5.75 1.08
1/4 10.51 0.233 9.9 14.2 2.91 6.15 3.07 1.45 3.81 3.91 2.61 1.16 3.12 7.96 4.81 1.10
3/16 8.15 0.174 14.2 20.0 2.24 4.93 2.47 1.49 3.00 3.16 2.10 1.19 2.46 6.26 3.74 1.12
1/8 5.61 0.116 22.9 31.5 1.54 3.52 1.76 1.51 2.11 2.27 1.51 1.21 1.73 4.38 2.59 1.13

4 x 2 1/2 x 5/16 11.64 0.291 5.6 10.7 3.23 6.13 3.06 1.38 3.97 2.89 2.31 0.946 2.85 6.77 4.67 1.00
1/4 9.66 0.233 7.7 14.2 2.67 5.32 2.66 1.41 3.38 2.53 2.02 0.973 2.43 5.78 3.93 1.02
3/16 7.51 0.174 11.4 20.0 2.06 4.30 2.15 1.44 2.67 2.06 1.65 0.999 1.93 4.59 3.08 1.03

4 x 2 x 3/8 12.17 0.349 2.7 8.5 3.39 5.59 2.80 1.28 3.84 1.79 1.79 0.727 2.31 4.83 4.04 0.90
5/16 10.58 0.291 3.9 10.7 2.94 5.12 2.56 1.32 3.43 1.66 1.66 0.752 2.08 4.40 3.59 0.92
1/4 8.81 0.233 5.6 14.2 2.44 4.49 2.25 1.36 2.94 1.48 1.48 0.778 1.79 3.82 3.05 0.93
3/16 6.87 0.174 8.5 20.0 1.89 3.66 1.83 1.39 2.34 1.22 1.22 0.804 1.43 3.08 2.41 0.95
1/8 4.75 0.116 14.2 31.5 1.30 2.65 1.32 1.43 1.66 0.898 0.898 0.830 1.02 2.20 1.69 0.97

12
 Y

DIMENSIONS AND SECTION

PROPERTIES OF RECTANGULAR HSS
X X

Y
Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross X-X Axis Y-Y Axis Stiffness Shear Surface
Nominal Size per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Foot t b/t h/t Area Ix Sx rx Zx Iy Sy ry Zy J C Per Foot
in. in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2

3 1/2 x 2 1/2 x 3/8 12.17 0.349 4.2 7.0 3.39 4.74 2.71 1.18 3.59 2.75 2.20 0.902 2.82 6.16 4.57 0.90
5/16 10.58 0.291 5.6 9.0 2.94 4.34 2.48 1.22 3.20 2.53 2.03 0.929 2.52 5.53 4.03 0.92
1/4 8.81 0.233 7.7 12.0 2.44 3.79 2.17 1.25 2.74 2.23 1.78 0.956 2.16 4.75 3.40 0.93
3/16 6.87 0.174 11.4 17.1 1.89 3.09 1.76 1.28 2.18 1.82 1.46 0.983 1.72 3.78 2.67 0.95
1/8 4.75 0.116 18.6 27.2 1.30 2.23 1.28 1.31 1.54 1.33 1.06 1.01 1.22 2.67 1.87 0.97

3 x 2 1/2 x 5/16 9.51 0.291 5.6 7.3 2.64 2.91 1.94 1.05 2.51 2.17 1.74 0.907 2.20 4.34 3.39 0.83
1/4 7.96 0.233 7.7 9.9 2.21 2.57 1.71 1.08 2.16 1.93 1.54 0.935 1.90 3.74 2.87 0.85
3/16 6.23 0.174 11.4 14.2 1.71 2.11 1.41 1.11 1.73 1.59 1.27 0.962 1.52 3.00 2.27 0.87
1/8 4.33 0.116 18.6 22.9 1.19 1.54 1.03 1.14 1.23 1.16 0.930 0.990 1.09 2.13 1.59 0.88

3 x 2 x 5/16 8.45 0.291 3.9 7.3 2.35 2.38 1.58 1.00 2.11 1.23 1.23 0.724 1.58 2.87 2.60 0.75
1/4 7.11 0.233 5.6 9.9 1.97 2.12 1.42 1.04 1.83 1.11 1.11 0.750 1.38 2.52 2.23 0.77
3/16 5.59 0.174 8.5 14.2 1.54 1.76 1.18 1.07 1.48 0.931 0.931 0.777 1.12 2.05 1.78 0.78
1/8 3.90 0.116 14.2 22.9 1.07 1.30 0.866 1.10 1.06 0.692 0.692 0.804 0.803 1.47 1.25 0.80

3 x 1 1/2 x 1/4 6.26 0.233 3.4 9.9 1.74 1.68 1.12 0.982 1.51 0.541 0.722 0.558 0.911 1.44 1.58 0.68
3/16 4.96 0.174 5.6 14.2 1.37 1.42 0.945 1.02 1.24 0.466 0.621 0.584 0.752 1.21 1.28 0.70
1/8 3.48 0.116 9.9 22.9 0.96 1.06 0.706 1.05 0.895 0.355 0.474 0.610 0.550 0.886 0.920 0.72

3 x 1 x 3/16 6.32 0.174 2.7 14.2 1.19 1.07 0.713 0.947 0.989 0.172 0.344 0.380 0.432 0.526 0.792 0.62
1/8 3.05 0.116 5.6 22.9 0.84 0.817 0.545 0.987 0.728 0.138 0.275 0.405 0.325 0.408 0.585 0.63

2 1/2 x 1 1/2 x 1/4 5.41 0.233 3.4 7.7 1.51 1.03 0.820 0.825 1.11 0.447 0.596 0.544 0.764 1.10 1.29 0.60
3/16 4.32 0.174 5.6 11.4 1.19 0.881 0.705 0.859 0.915 0.389 0.519 0.571 0.636 0.929 1.05 0.62
1/8 3.05 0.116 9.9 18.6 0.84 0.668 0.535 0.892 0.671 0.299 0.399 0.597 0.469 0.687 0.759 0.63

2 x 1 1/2 x 3/16 3.68 0.174 5.6 8.5 1.02 0.494 0.494 0.697 0.639 0.312 0.416 0.553 0.521 0.664 0.822 0.53
1/8 2.63 0.116 9.9 14.2 0.72 0.383 0.383 0.727 0.475 0.244 0.325 0.580 0.389 0.496 0.599 0.55

2 x 1 x 3/16 3.04 0.174 2.7 8.5 0.84 0.349 0.349 0.643 0.480 0.112 0.223 0.364 0.288 0.301 0.505 0.45
1/8 2.20 0.116 5.6 14.2 0.61 0.280 0.280 0.679 0.366 0.092 0.184 0.389 0.223 0.238 0.380 0.47

13
 DIMENSIONS AND SECTION
PROPERTIES OF SQUARE HSS
Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross Stiffness Shear Surface
Nominal Size per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Foot t b/t h/t Area I S r Z J C Per Foot
in. in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2

32 x 32 x 5/8* 259.83 0.625 48.2 48.2 76.4 12300 771 12.7 890 19700 1230 10.34
1/2* 210.72 0.500 61.0 61.0 61.9 10100 634 12.8 727 15900 991 10.45
3/8* 159.37 0.375 82.3 82.3 46.8 7750 485 12.9 553 12000 750 10.51

30 x 30 x 5/8* 242.82 0.625 45.0 45.0 71.4 10100 673 11.9 778 16200 1070 9.68
1/2* 197.11 0.500 57.0 57.0 57.9 8320 555 12.0 637 13000 869 9.79
3/8* 149.16 0.375 77.0 77.0 43.8 6370 424 12.1 485 9870 658 9.84

28 x 28 x 5/8* 225.80 0.625 41.8 41.8 66.4 8140 582 11.1 674 13100 933 9.01
1/2* 183.50 0.500 53.0 53.0 53.9 6730 480 11.2 552 10600 755 9.12
3/8* 138.95 0.375 71.7 71.7 40.8 5150 368 11.2 421 8010 572 9.17

26 x 26 x 5/8* 208.79 0.625 38.6 38.6 61.4 6460 497 10.3 577 10500 801 8.34
1/2* 169.89 0.500 49.0 49.0 49.9 5350 411 10.4 474 8430 649 8.45
3/8* 128.74 0.375 66.3 66.3 37.8 4110 316 10.4 362 6400 492 8.51

24 x 24 x 5/8* 191.78 0.625 35.4 35.4 56.4 5030 419 9.44 487 8180 679 7.68
1/2* 156.28 0.500 45.0 45.0 45.9 4170 348 9.53 401 6610 551 7.79
3/8* 118.53 0.375 61.0 61.0 34.8 3210 268 9.60 307 5020 418 7.84

22 x 22 x 5/8* 174.76 0.625 32.2 32.2 51.4 3820 347 8.62 406 6260 567 7.01
1/2* 142.67 0.500 41.0 41.0 41.9 3190 290 8.72 335 5070 461 7.12
3/8* 108.32 0.375 55.7 55.7 31.8 2460 223 8.78 256 3850 350 7.17

20 x 20 x 5/8* 157.75 0.625 29.0 29.0 46.4 2830 283 7.81 331 4670 465 6.34
1/2* 129.06 0.500 37.0 37.0 37.9 2370 237 7.90 275 3790 379 6.45
3/8* 98.12 0.375 50.3 50.3 28.8 1830 183 7.97 211 2880 288 6.51

18 x 18 x 5/8* 140.73 0.625 25.8 25.8 41.4 2020 224 6.99 264 3370 373 5.68
1/2* 115.45 0.500 33.0 33.0 33.9 1700 189 7.08 220 2740 305 5.79
3/8* 87.91 0.375 45.0 45.0 25.8 1320 147 7.15 169 2090 232 5.84

16 x 16 x 5/8 127.37 0.581 24.5 24.5 35.0 1370 171 6.25 200 2170 276 5.17
1/2 103.30 0.465 31.4 31.4 28.3 1130 141 6.31 164 1770 224 5.20
3/8 78.52 0.349 42.8 42.8 21.5 873 109 6.37 126 1350 171 5.23
5/16 65.87 0.291 52.0 52.0 18.1 739 92.3 6.39 106 1140 144 5.25
* This size produced by the submerged arc weld (SAW) process 14
 DIMENSIONS AND SECTION
PROPERTIES OF SQUARE HSS
Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross Stiffness Shear Surface
Nominal Size per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Foot t b/t h/t Area I S r Z J C Per Foot
in. in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2

14 x 14 x 5/8 110.36 0.581 21.1 21.1 30.3 896 128 5.44 151 1430 208 4.50
1/2 89.68 0.465 27.1 27.1 24.6 743 106 5.49 124 1170 170 4.53
3/8 68.31 0.349 37.1 37.1 18.7 577 82.5 5.55 95.4 900 130 4.57
5/16 57.36 0.291 45.1 45.1 15.7 490 69.9 5.58 80.5 759 109 4.58
12 x 12 x 5/8 93.34 0.581 17.7 17.7 25.7 548 91.3 4.62 109 885 151 3.83
1/2 76.07 0.465 22.8 22.8 20.9 457 76.2 4.68 89.6 728 123 3.87
3/8 58.10 0.349 31.4 31.4 16.0 357 59.5 4.73 69.2 561 94.6 3.90
5/16 48.86 0.291 38.2 38.2 13.4 304 50.7 4.76 58.6 474 79.7 3.92
1/4 39.43 0.233 48.5 48.5 10.8 248 41.4 4.79 47.6 384 64.5 3.93
10 x 10 x 5/8 76.33 0.581 14.2 14.2 21.0 304 60.8 3.80 73.2 498 102 3.17
1/2 62.46 0.465 18.5 18.5 17.2 256 51.2 3.86 60.7 412 84.2 3.20
3/8 47.90 0.349 25.7 25.7 13.2 202 40.4 3.92 47.2 320 64.8 3.23
5/16 40.35 0.291 31.4 31.4 11.1 172 34.5 3.94 40.1 271 54.8 3.25
1/4 32.63 0.233 39.9 39.9 8.96 141 28.3 3.97 32.7 220 44.4 3.27
3/16 24.73 0.174 54.5 54.5 6.76 108 21.6 4.00 24.8 167 33.6 3.28
9 x 9 x 1/2 55.66 0.465 16.4 16.4 15.3 182 40.6 3.45 48.4 296 67.4 2.87
3/8 42.79 0.349 22.8 22.8 11.8 145 32.2 3.51 37.8 231 52.1 2.90
5/16 36.10 0.291 27.9 27.9 9.92 124 27.6 3.54 32.1 196 44.0 2.92
1/4 29.23 0.233 35.6 35.6 8.03 102 22.7 3.56 26.2 159 35.8 2.93
3/16 22.18 0.174 48.7 48.7 6.06 78.2 17.4 3.59 20.0 121 27.1 2.95
8 x 8 x 5/8 59.32 0.581 10.8 10.8 16.4 146 36.5 2.99 44.7 244 63.2 2.50
1/2 48.85 0.465 14.2 14.2 13.5 125 31.2 3.04 37.5 204 52.4 2.53
3/8 37.69 0.349 19.9 19.9 10.4 99.6 24.9 3.10 29.4 160 40.7 2.57
5/16 31.84 0.291 24.5 24.5 8.76 85.6 21.4 3.13 25.1 136 34.5 2.58
1/4 25.82 0.233 31.3 31.3 7.10 70.7 17.7 3.15 20.5 111 28.1 2.60
3/16 19.63 0.174 43.0 43.0 5.37 54.4 13.6 3.18 15.7 84.5 21.3 2.62
7 x 7 x 5/8 50.81 0.581 9.0 9.0 14.0 93.3 26.7 2.58 33.1 158 47.1 2.17
1/2 42.05 0.465 12.1 12.1 11.6 80.5 23.0 2.63 27.9 133 39.3 2.20
3/8 32.58 0.349 17.1 17.1 8.97 64.9 18.6 2.69 22.1 105 30.7 2.23
5/16 27.59 0.291 21.1 21.1 7.59 56.1 16.0 2.72 18.9 89.7 26.1 2.25
1/4 22.42 0.233 27.0 27.0 6.17 46.5 13.3 2.75 15.5 73.5 21.3 2.27
3/16 17.08 0.174 37.2 37.2 4.67 36.0 10.3 2.77 11.9 56.1 16.2 2.28

15
 DIMENSIONS AND SECTION
PROPERTIES OF SQUARE HSS
Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross Stiffness Shear Surface
Nominal Size per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Foot t b/t h/t Area I S r Z J C Per Foot
in. in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2

6 x 6 x 5/8 42.30 0.581 7.3 7.3 11.7 55.1 18.4 2.17 23.2 94.9 33.4 1.83
1/2 35.24 0.465 9.9 9.9 9.74 48.2 16.1 2.23 19.8 81.1 28.1 1.87
3/8 27.48 0.349 14.2 14.2 7.58 39.4 13.1 2.28 15.8 64.6 22.1 1.90
5/16 23.34 0.291 17.6 17.6 6.43 34.3 11.4 2.31 13.6 55.4 18.9 1.92
1/4 19.02 0.233 22.8 22.8 5.24 28.6 9.54 2.34 11.2 45.6 15.4 1.93
3/16 14.53 0.174 31.5 31.5 3.98 22.3 7.42 2.37 8.63 35.0 11.8 1.95
1/8 9.86 0.116 48.7 48.7 2.70 15.5 5.15 2.39 5.92 23.9 8.03 1.97

5 1/2 x 5 1/2 x 3/8 24.93 0.349 12.8 12.8 6.88 29.7 10.8 2.08 13.1 49.0 18.4 1.73
5/16 21.21 0.291 15.9 15.9 5.85 25.9 9.43 2.11 11.3 42.2 15.7 1.75
1/4 17.32 0.233 20.6 20.6 4.77 21.7 7.90 2.13 9.32 34.8 12.9 1.77
3/16 13.25 0.174 28.6 28.6 3.63 17.0 6.17 2.16 7.19 26.7 9.85 1.78
1/8 9.01 0.116 44.4 44.4 2.46 11.8 4.30 2.19 4.95 18.3 6.72 1.80

5 x 5 x 1/2 28.43 0.465 7.8 7.8 7.88 26.0 10.4 1.82 13.1 44.6 18.7 1.53
3/8 22.37 0.349 11.3 11.3 6.18 21.7 8.67 1.87 10.6 36.1 14.9 1.57
5/16 19.08 0.291 14.2 14.2 5.26 19.0 7.61 1.90 9.16 31.2 12.8 1.58
1/4 15.62 0.233 18.5 18.5 4.30 16.0 6.41 1.93 7.61 25.8 10.5 1.60
3/16 11.97 0.174 25.7 25.7 3.28 12.6 5.03 1.96 5.89 19.9 8.08 1.62
1/8 8.16 0.116 40.1 40.1 2.23 8.80 3.52 1.99 4.07 13.7 5.53 1.63

4 1/2 x 4 1/2 x 1/2 25.03 0.465 6.7 6.7 6.95 18.0 8.02 1.61 10.2 31.3 14.8 1.37
3/8 19.82 0.349 9.9 9.9 5.48 15.3 6.78 1.67 8.36 25.7 11.9 1.40
5/16 16.96 0.291 12.5 12.5 4.68 13.5 5.99 1.70 7.27 22.3 10.2 1.42
1/4 13.91 0.233 16.3 16.3 3.84 11.4 5.08 1.73 6.06 18.5 8.44 1.43
3/16 10.70 0.174 22.9 22.9 2.93 9.02 4.01 1.75 4.71 14.4 6.49 1.45
1/8 7.31 0.116 35.8 35.8 2.00 6.35 2.82 1.78 3.27 9.92 4.45 1.47

4 x 4 x 1/2 21.63 0.465 5.6 5.6 6.02 11.9 5.95 1.41 7.70 21.0 11.2 1.20
3/8 17.27 0.349 8.5 8.5 4.78 10.3 5.13 1.46 6.39 17.5 9.14 1.23
5/16 14.83 0.291 10.7 10.7 4.10 9.14 4.57 1.49 5.59 15.3 7.91 1.25
1/4 12.21 0.233 14.2 14.2 3.37 7.80 3.90 1.52 4.69 12.8 6.56 1.27
3/16 9.42 0.174 20.0 20.0 2.58 6.21 3.10 1.55 3.67 9.96 5.07 1.28
1/8 6.46 0.116 31.5 31.5 1.77 4.40 2.20 1.58 2.56 6.91 3.49 1.30

16
 DIMENSIONS AND SECTION
PROPERTIES OF SQUARE HSS
Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross Stiffness Shear Surface
Nominal Size per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Foot t b/t h/t Area I S r Z J C Per Foot
in. in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2

3 1/2 x 3 1/2 x 3/8 14.72 0.349 7.0 7.0 4.09 6.48 3.70 1.26 4.69 11.2 6.77 1.07
5/16 12.70 0.291 9.0 9.0 3.52 5.84 3.34 1.29 4.14 9.89 5.90 1.08
1/4 10.51 0.233 12.0 12.0 2.91 5.04 2.88 1.32 3.50 8.35 4.92 1.10
3/16 8.15 0.174 17.1 17.1 2.24 4.05 2.31 1.35 2.76 6.56 3.83 1.12
1/8 5.61 0.116 27.2 27.2 1.54 2.90 1.66 1.37 1.93 4.58 2.65 1.13

3 x 3 x 3/8 12.17 0.349 5.6 5.6 3.39 3.77 2.51 1.05 3.25 6.64 4.74 0.90
5/16 10.58 0.291 7.3 7.3 2.94 3.45 2.30 1.08 2.90 5.94 4.18 0.92
1/4 8.81 0.233 9.9 9.9 2.44 3.02 2.01 1.11 2.48 5.08 3.52 0.93
3/16 6.87 0.174 14.2 14.2 1.89 2.46 1.64 1.14 1.97 4.03 2.76 0.95
1/8 4.75 0.116 22.9 22.9 1.30 1.78 1.19 1.17 1.40 2.84 1.92 0.97

2 1/2 x 2 1/2 x 5/16 8.45 0.291 5.6 5.6 2.35 1.82 1.45 0.879 1.88 3.20 2.74 0.75
1/4 7.11 0.233 7.7 7.7 1.97 1.63 1.30 0.908 1.63 2.79 2.35 0.77
3/16 5.59 0.174 11.4 11.4 1.54 1.35 1.08 0.937 1.32 2.25 1.86 0.78
1/8 3.90 0.116 18.6 18.6 1.07 0.998 0.798 0.965 0.947 1.61 1.31 0.80

2 1/4 x 2 1/4 x 1/4 6.26 0.233 6.7 6.7 1.74 1.13 1.00 0.805 1.28 1.96 1.85 0.68
3/16 4.96 0.174 9.9 9.9 1.37 0.952 0.847 0.835 1.04 1.60 1.48 0.70
1/8 3.48 0.116 16.4 16.4 0.96 0.712 0.633 0.863 0.755 1.15 1.05 0.72

2 x 2 x 1/4 5.41 0.233 5.6 5.6 1.51 0.745 0.745 0.703 0.964 1.31 1.41 0.60
3/16 4.32 0.174 8.5 8.5 1.19 0.640 0.640 0.732 0.797 1.09 1.14 0.62
1/8 3.05 0.116 14.2 14.2 0.84 0.486 0.486 0.761 0.584 0.796 0.817 0.63

1 3/4 x 1 3/4 x 3/16 3.68 0.174 7.1 7.1 1.02 0.405 0.462 0.630 0.585 0.699 0.844 0.53

1 5/8 x 1 5/8 x 3/16 3.36 0.174 6.3 6.3 0.93 0.312 0.384 0.579 0.491 0.544 0.712 0.49
1/8 2.42 0.116 11.0 11.0 0.67 0.246 0.302 0.608 0.370 0.410 0.522 0.51

1 1/2 x 1 1/2 x 3/16 3.04 0.174 5.6 5.6 0.84 0.235 0.314 0.528 0.406 0.414 0.592 0.45
1/8 2.20 0.116 9.9 9.9 0.61 0.188 0.251 0.556 0.309 0.316 0.438 0.47

1 1/4 x 1 1/4 x 3/16 2.40 0.174 4.2 4.2 0.67 0.121 0.194 0.425 0.259 0.218 0.383 0.37
1/8 1.78 0.116 7.8 7.8 0.49 0.101 0.162 0.454 0.204 0.174 0.292 0.38

17
 DIMENSIONS AND SECTION
PROPERTIES OF ROUND HSS
Nominal Size Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross Stiffness Shear Surface
Outside Wall per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Diameter Foot t D/t Area I S r Z J C Per Foot
in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2
20.000 x 0.500 104.23 0.465 43.0 28.5 1360 136 6.91 177 2720 272 5.24
0.375 78.67 0.349 57.3 21.5 1040 104 6.95 135 2080 208 5.24
18.000 x 0.500 93.54 0.465 38.7 25.6 985 109 6.20 143 1970 219 4.71
0.375 70.65 0.349 51.6 19.4 754 83.8 6.24 109 1510 168 4.71
16.000 x 0.500 82.85 0.465 34.4 22.7 685 85.7 5.49 112 1370 171 4.19
0.438 72.86 0.407 39.3 19.9 606 75.8 5.51 99.0 1210 152 4.19
0.375 62.64 0.349 45.8 17.2 526 65.7 5.53 85.5 1050 131 4.19
0.312 52.32 0.291 55.0 14.4 443 55.4 5.55 71.8 886 111 4.19
14.000 x 0.500 72.16 0.465 30.1 19.8 453 64.8 4.79 85.2 907 130 3.67
0.375 54.62 0.349 40.1 15.0 349 49.8 4.83 65.1 698 99.7 3.67
0.312 45.65 0.291 48.1 12.5 295 42.1 4.85 54.7 589 84.2 3.67
12.750 x 0.500 65.48 0.465 27.4 17.9 339 53.2 4.35 70.2 678 106 3.34
0.375 49.61 0.349 36.5 13.6 262 41.0 4.39 53.7 523 82.1 3.34
0.250 33.41 0.233 54.7 9.16 180 28.2 4.43 36.5 359 56.3 3.34
12.500 x 0.625 79.34 0.581 21.5 21.8 387 62.0 4.22 82.6 774 124 3.27
0.500 64.14 0.465 26.9 17.6 319 51.0 4.26 67.4 638 102 3.27
0.375 48.61 0.349 35.8 13.3 246 39.4 4.30 51.5 492 78.7 3.27
0.312 40.65 0.291 43.0 11.2 208 33.3 4.32 43.4 416 66.6 3.27
0.250 32.74 0.233 53.6 8.98 169 27.0 4.34 35.1 338 54.1 3.27
0.188 24.74 0.174 71.8 6.74 128 20.5 4.36 26.4 256 41.0 3.27
12.313 x 0.625 78.09 0.581 21.2 21.4 369 60.0 4.15 80.0 739 120 3.22
0.500 63.14 0.465 26.5 17.3 304 49.4 4.19 65.3 608 98.8 3.22
0.375 47.86 0.349 35.3 13.1 235 38.2 4.23 50.0 470 76.3 3.22
0.312 40.03 0.291 42.3 11.0 199 32.3 4.25 42.1 397 64.5 3.22
0.250 32.24 0.233 52.8 8.84 161 26.2 4.27 34.0 323 52.4 3.22
0.188 24.37 0.174 70.8 6.64 122 19.9 4.29 25.6 244 39.7 3.22
12.250 x 0.625 77.67 0.581 21.1 21.3 363 59.3 4.13 79.2 727 119 3.21
0.500 62.80 0.465 26.3 17.2 299 48.9 4.17 64.6 599 97.7 3.21
0.375 47.60 0.349 35.1 13.0 231 37.7 4.21 49.4 462 75.5 3.21
0.312 39.82 0.291 42.1 10.9 196 31.9 4.23 41.6 391 63.9 3.21
0.250 32.07 0.233 52.6 8.80 159 25.9 4.25 33.7 318 51.9 3.21
0.188 24.24 0.174 70.4 6.60 120 19.6 4.27 25.4 241 39.3 3.21

18
 DIMENSIONS AND SECTION
PROPERTIES OF ROUND HSS
Nominal Size Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross Stiffness Shear Surface
Outside Wall per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Diameter Foot t D/t Area I S r Z J C Per Foot
in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2
11.250 x 0.625 70.99 0.581 19.4 19.5 278 49.4 3.78 66.2 556 98.8 2.95
0.500 57.46 0.465 24.2 15.8 229 40.8 3.82 54.1 459 81.6 2.95
0.375 43.60 0.349 32.2 12.0 178 31.6 3.86 41.5 355 63.2 2.95
0.312 36.48 0.291 38.7 10.0 151 26.8 3.88 35.0 301 53.5 2.95
0.250 29.40 0.233 48.3 8.06 122 21.8 3.90 28.3 245 43.5 2.95
0.188 22.23 0.174 64.7 6.05 92.9 16.5 3.92 21.3 186 33.0 2.95

10.750 x 0.500 54.79 0.465 23.1 15.0 199 37.0 3.64 49.2 398 74.1 2.81
0.365 40.52 0.340 31.6 11.1 151 28.1 3.68 36.9 302 56.1 2.81
0.250 28.06 0.233 46.1 7.70 106 19.8 3.72 25.8 213 39.6 2.81
10.000 x 0.625 62.64 0.581 17.2 17.2 191 38.3 3.34 51.6 383 76.6 2.62
0.500 50.78 0.465 21.5 13.9 159 31.7 3.38 42.3 317 63.5 2.62
0.375 38.58 0.349 28.7 10.6 123 24.7 3.41 32.5 247 49.3 2.62
0.312 32.31 0.291 34.4 8.88 105 20.9 3.43 27.4 209 41.9 2.62
0.250 26.06 0.233 42.9 7.15 85.3 17.1 3.45 22.2 171 34.1 2.62
0.188 19.72 0.174 57.5 5.37 64.8 13.0 3.47 16.8 130 25.9 2.62
9.625 x 0.500 48.77 0.465 20.7 13.4 141 29.2 3.24 39.0 281 58.5 2.52
0.375 37.08 0.349 27.6 10.2 110 22.8 3.28 30.0 219 45.5 2.52
0.312 31.06 0.291 33.1 8.53 93.0 19.3 3.30 25.4 186 38.7 2.52
0.250 25.05 0.233 41.3 6.87 75.9 15.8 3.32 20.6 152 31.5 2.52
0.188 18.97 0.174 55.3 5.17 57.7 12.0 3.34 15.5 115 24.0 2.52

8.750 x 0.500 44.10 0.465 18.8 12.1 104 23.8 2.93 32.0 208 47.6 2.29
0.375 33.57 0.349 25.1 9.21 81.4 18.6 2.97 24.6 163 37.2 2.29
0.312 28.14 0.291 30.1 7.73 69.3 15.8 2.99 20.8 139 31.7 2.29
0.250 22.72 0.233 37.6 6.23 56.6 12.9 3.01 16.9 113 25.9 2.29
0.188 17.21 0.174 50.3 4.69 43.1 9.86 3.03 12.8 86.2 19.7 2.29
8.625 x 0.500 43.43 0.465 18.5 11.9 99.5 23.1 2.89 31.0 199 46.2 2.26
0.375 33.07 0.349 24.7 9.07 77.8 18.0 2.93 23.9 156 36.1 2.26
0.322 28.58 0.300 28.7 7.85 68.1 15.8 2.95 20.8 136 31.6 2.26
0.250 22.38 0.233 37.0 6.14 54.1 12.5 2.97 16.4 108 25.1 2.26
0.188 16.96 0.174 49.6 4.62 41.3 9.57 2.99 12.4 82.5 19.1 2.26

19
 DIMENSIONS AND SECTION
PROPERTIES OF ROUND HSS
Nominal Size Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross Stiffness Shear Surface
Outside Wall per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Diameter Foot t D/t Area I S r Z J C Per Foot
in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2

7.625 x 0.375 29.06 0.349 21.8 7.98 52.9 13.9 2.58 18.5 106 27.8 2.00
0.328 25.59 0.305 25.0 7.01 47.1 12.3 2.59 16.4 94.1 24.7 2.00
0.125 10.02 0.116 65.7 2.74 19.3 5.06 2.66 6.54 38.6 10.1 2.00
7.500 x 0.500 37.42 0.465 16.1 10.3 63.9 17.0 2.49 23.0 128 34.1 1.96
0.375 28.56 0.349 21.5 7.84 50.2 13.4 2.53 17.9 100 26.8 1.96
0.312 23.97 0.291 25.8 6.59 42.9 11.4 2.55 15.1 85.8 22.9 1.96
0.250 19.38 0.233 32.2 5.32 35.2 9.37 2.57 12.3 70.3 18.7 1.96
0.188 14.70 0.174 43.1 4.00 26.9 7.17 2.59 9.34 53.8 14.3 1.96

7.000 x 0.500 34.74 0.465 15.1 9.55 51.2 14.6 2.32 19.9 102 29.3 1.83
0.375 26.56 0.349 20.1 7.29 40.4 11.6 2.35 15.5 80.9 23.1 1.83
0.312 22.31 0.291 24.1 6.13 34.6 9.88 2.37 13.1 69.1 19.8 1.83
0.250 18.04 0.233 30.0 4.95 28.4 8.11 2.39 10.7 56.8 16.2 1.83
0.188 13.69 0.174 40.2 3.73 21.7 6.21 2.41 8.11 43.5 12.4 1.83
0.125 9.19 0.116 60.3 2.51 14.9 4.25 2.43 5.50 29.7 8.49 1.83

20
 DIMENSIONS AND SECTION
PROPERTIES OF ROUND HSS
Nominal Size Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross Stiffness Shear Surface
Outside Wall per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Diameter Foot t D/t Area I S r Z J C Per Foot
in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2
6.875 x 0.500 34.07 0.465 14.8 9.36 48.3 14.1 2.27 19.1 96.7 28.1 1.80
0.375 26.06 0.349 19.7 7.16 38.2 11.1 2.31 14.9 76.4 22.2 1.80
0.312 21.89 0.291 23.6 6.02 32.7 9.51 2.33 12.6 65.4 19.0 1.80
0.250 17.71 0.233 29.5 4.86 26.8 7.81 2.35 10.3 53.7 15.6 1.80
0.188 13.44 0.174 39.5 3.66 20.6 5.99 2.37 7.81 41.1 12.0 1.80
6.625 x 0.500 32.74 0.465 14.2 9.00 42.9 13.0 2.18 17.7 85.9 25.9 1.73
0.432 28.60 0.403 16.4 7.88 38.3 11.6 2.20 15.6 76.6 23.1 1.73
0.375 25.05 0.349 19.0 6.88 34.0 10.3 2.22 13.8 68.0 20.5 1.73
0.312 21.06 0.291 22.8 5.79 29.1 8.79 2.24 11.7 58.2 17.6 1.73
0.280 18.99 0.261 25.4 5.22 26.5 7.99 2.25 10.6 52.9 16.0 1.73
0.250 17.04 0.233 28.4 4.68 23.9 7.22 2.26 9.52 47.9 14.4 1.73
0.188 12.94 0.174 38.1 3.53 18.4 5.54 2.28 7.24 36.7 11.1 1.73
0.125 8.69 0.116 57.1 2.37 12.6 3.79 2.30 4.92 25.1 7.59 1.73
6.125 x 0.500 30.07 0.465 13.2 8.27 33.3 10.9 2.01 14.9 66.7 21.8 1.60
0.375 23.05 0.349 17.6 6.33 26.5 8.66 2.05 11.7 53.0 17.3 1.60
0.312 19.39 0.291 21.0 5.33 22.7 7.43 2.07 9.91 45.5 14.9 1.60
0.250 15.70 0.233 26.3 4.31 18.7 6.12 2.08 8.09 37.5 12.2 1.60
0.188 11.93 0.174 35.2 3.25 14.4 4.71 2.10 6.16 28.8 9.41 1.60

6.000 x 0.500 29.40 0.465 12.9 8.09 31.2 10.4 1.96 14.3 62.4 20.8 1.57
0.375 22.55 0.349 17.2 6.20 24.8 8.28 2.00 11.2 49.7 16.6 1.57
0.312 18.97 0.291 20.6 5.22 21.3 7.11 2.02 9.49 42.6 14.2 1.57
0.280 17.12 0.261 23.0 4.71 19.4 6.47 2.03 8.60 38.8 12.9 1.57
0.250 15.37 0.233 25.8 4.22 17.6 5.86 2.04 7.75 35.2 11.7 1.57
0.188 11.68 0.174 34.5 3.18 13.5 4.51 2.06 5.91 27.0 9.02 1.57
0.125 7.85 0.116 51.7 2.14 9.28 3.09 2.08 4.02 18.6 6.19 1.57

21
 DIMENSIONS AND SECTION
PROPERTIES OF ROUND HSS
Nominal Size Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross Stiffness Shear Surface
Outside Wall per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Diameter Foot t D/t Area I S r Z J C Per Foot
in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2
5.563 x 0.375 20.80 0.349 15.9 5.72 19.5 7.02 1.85 9.50 39.0 14.0 1.46
0.258 14.63 0.241 23.1 4.03 14.3 5.14 1.88 6.83 28.6 10.3 1.46
0.188 10.80 0.174 32.0 2.95 10.7 3.85 1.91 5.05 21.4 7.70 1.46
0.134 7.78 0.125 44.5 2.14 7.90 2.84 1.92 3.70 15.8 5.68 1.46
5.500 x 0.500 26.73 0.465 11.8 7.36 23.5 8.55 1.79 11.8 47.0 17.1 1.44
0.375 20.54 0.349 15.8 5.65 18.8 6.84 1.83 9.27 37.6 13.7 1.44
0.258 14.46 0.241 22.8 3.98 13.8 5.02 1.86 6.67 27.6 10.0 1.44
5.000 x 0.500 24.05 0.465 10.8 6.62 17.2 6.88 1.61 9.60 34.4 13.8 1.31
0.375 18.54 0.349 14.3 5.10 13.9 5.55 1.65 7.56 27.7 11.1 1.31
0.312 15.64 0.291 17.2 4.30 12.0 4.79 1.67 6.46 24.0 9.58 1.31
0.258 13.08 0.241 20.7 3.60 10.2 4.09 1.68 5.46 20.5 8.18 1.31
0.250 12.69 0.233 21.5 3.49 9.94 3.97 1.69 5.30 19.9 7.95 1.31
0.188 9.67 0.174 28.7 2.64 7.69 3.08 1.71 4.05 15.4 6.15 1.31
0.125 6.51 0.116 43.1 1.78 5.31 2.12 1.73 2.77 10.6 4.25 1.31
4.500 x 0.337 15.00 0.315 14.3 4.14 9.12 4.05 1.48 5.53 18.2 8.11 1.18
0.237 10.80 0.221 20.4 2.97 6.82 3.03 1.51 4.05 13.6 6.06 1.18
0.188 8.67 0.174 25.9 2.36 5.54 2.46 1.53 3.26 11.1 4.93 1.18
0.125 5.85 0.116 38.8 1.60 3.84 1.71 1.55 2.23 7.68 3.41 1.18
4.000 x 0.337 13.20 0.315 12.7 3.65 6.24 3.12 1.31 4.29 12.5 6.24 1.05
0.313 12.34 0.291 13.7 3.39 5.87 2.93 1.32 4.01 11.7 5.87 1.05
0.250 10.02 0.233 17.2 2.76 4.91 2.45 1.33 3.31 9.82 4.91 1.05
0.237 9.53 0.221 18.1 2.62 4.70 2.35 1.34 3.16 9.40 4.70 1.05
0.226 9.12 0.211 19.0 2.51 4.52 2.26 1.34 3.03 9.04 4.52 1.05
0.220 8.89 0.205 19.5 2.44 4.41 2.21 1.34 2.96 8.83 4.41 1.05
0.188 7.66 0.174 23.0 2.09 3.83 1.92 1.35 2.55 7.67 3.83 1.05
0.125 5.18 0.116 34.5 1.42 2.67 1.34 1.37 1.75 5.34 2.67 1.05

22
 DIMENSIONS AND SECTION
PROPERTIES OF ROUND HSS
Nominal Size Torsional Torsional
Weight Wall Cross Stiffness Shear Surface
Outside Wall per Thickness Sectional Constant Constant Area
Diameter Foot t D/t Area I S r Z J C Per Foot
in. in. Ib. in. in.2 in.4 in.3 in. in.3 in.4 in.3 ft.2

3.500 x 0.313 10.66 0.291 12.0 2.93 3.81 2.18 1.14 3.00 7.61 4.35 0.92
0.300 10.26 0.280 12.5 2.83 3.70 2.11 1.14 2.91 7.40 4.23 0.92
0.250 8.69 0.233 15.0 2.39 3.21 1.83 1.16 2.49 6.41 3.66 0.92
0.216 7.58 0.201 17.4 2.08 2.84 1.63 1.17 2.19 5.69 3.25 0.92
0.203 7.15 0.189 18.5 1.97 2.70 1.54 1.17 2.07 5.41 3.09 0.92
0.188 6.66 0.174 20.1 1.82 2.52 1.44 1.18 1.93 5.04 2.88 0.92
0.125 4.51 0.116 30.2 1.23 1.77 1.01 1.20 1.33 3.53 2.02 0.92
3.000 x 0.300 8.66 0.280 10.7 2.39 2.24 1.49 0.967 2.08 4.47 2.98 0.79
0.250 7.35 0.233 12.9 2.03 1.95 1.30 0.982 1.79 3.90 2.60 0.79
0.216 6.43 0.201 14.9 1.77 1.74 1.16 0.992 1.58 3.48 2.32 0.79
0.203 6.07 0.189 15.9 1.67 1.66 1.10 0.996 1.50 3.31 2.21 0.79
0.188 5.65 0.174 17.2 1.54 1.55 1.03 1.00 1.39 3.10 2.06 0.79
0.152 4.63 0.142 21.1 1.27 1.30 0.870 1.01 1.16 2.61 1.74 0.79
0.134 4.11 0.125 24.0 1.13 1.17 0.779 1.02 1.03 2.34 1.56 0.79
0.120 3.69 0.112 26.8 1.02 1.06 0.707 1.02 0.935 2.12 1.41 0.79

2.875 x 0.250 7.02 0.233 12.3 1.93 1.70 1.18 0.938 1.63 3.40 2.37 0.75
0.203 5.80 0.189 15.2 1.59 1.45 1.01 0.952 1.37 2.89 2.01 0.75
0.188 5.40 0.174 16.5 1.48 1.35 0.941 0.957 1.27 2.70 1.88 0.75
0.125 3.67 0.116 24.8 1.01 0.958 0.667 0.976 0.884 1.92 1.33 0.75
2.500 x 0.250 6.01 0.233 10.7 1.66 1.08 0.862 0.806 1.20 2.15 1.72 0.65
0.188 4.65 0.174 14.4 1.27 0.865 0.692 0.825 0.943 1.73 1.38 0.65
0.125 3.17 0.116 21.6 0.87 0.619 0.495 0.844 0.660 1.24 0.990 0.65
2.375 x 0.250 5.68 0.233 10.2 1.57 0.910 0.766 0.762 1.07 1.82 1.53 0.62
0.218 5.03 0.204 11.6 1.39 0.827 0.696 0.771 0.964 1.65 1.39 0.62
0.188 4.40 0.174 13.6 1.20 0.733 0.617 0.781 0.845 1.47 1.23 0.62
0.154 3.66 0.143 16.6 1.00 0.627 0.528 0.791 0.713 1.25 1.06 0.62
0.125 3.01 0.116 20.5 0.82 0.527 0.443 0.800 0.592 1.05 0.887 0.62
1.900 x 0.145 2.72 0.135 14.1 0.75 0.293 0.309 0.626 0.421 0.586 0.617 0.50
1.660 x 0.140 2.27 0.130 12.8 0.62 0.184 0.222 0.543 0.305 0.368 0.444 0.43

23
 ANSI Pipe Schedule Chart
Pipe Weight Conversion Formula:
[(D - W) x 10.68] x W
Where
D = Pipe O.D. W = Wall Thickness
How to read this chart:
Top Figure = Wall Thickness
Bottom Figure = Pounds Per Foot
Pipe O.D. in
5 10 20 30 40 STD 60 80 XH 100 120 140 160 XXH
Size Inches
0.035 0.049 0.068 0.068 0.095 0.095
1/8 0.405
0.1383 0.1863 0.2447 0.2447 0.3145 0.3145
0.049 0.065 0.088 0.088 0.119 0.119
1/4 0.54
0.257 0.3297 0.4248 0.4248 0.5351 0.5351
0.049 0.065 0.091 0.091 0.126 0.126
3/8 0.675
0.3276 0.4235 0.5676 0.5676 0.7388 0.7388
0.065 0.083 0.109 0.109 0.147 0.147 0.187 0.294
1/2 0.84
0.5383 0.671 0.851 0.851 1.088 1.088 1.304 1.714
0.065 0.083 0.113 0.113 0.154 0.154 0.218 0.308
3/4 1.05
0.6838 0.8572 1.131 1.131 1.474 1.474 1.937 2.441
0.065 0.109 0.133 0.133 0.179 0.179 0.25 0.358
1 1.315
0.8678 1.404 1.679 1.679 2.172 2.172 2.844 3.659
0.065 0.109 0.14 0.14 0.191 0.191 0.25 0.382
1 1/4 1.66
1.107 1.806 2.273 2.273 2.997 2.997 3.765 5.214
0.065 0.109 0.145 0.145 0.2 0.2 0.281 0.4
1 1/2 1.9
1.274 2.085 2.718 2.718 3.631 3.631 4.859 6.408
0.065 0.109 0.154 0.154 0.218 0.218 0.343 0.436
2 2.375
1.604 2.638 3.653 3.653 5.022 5.022 7.444 9.029
0.083 0.12 0.203 0.203 0.276 0.276 0.375 0.552
2 1/2 2.875
2.475 3.531 5.793 5.793 7.661 7.661 10.01 13.7
Pipe O.D. in
5 10 20 30 40 STD 60 80 XH 100 120 140 160 XXH
Size Inches
0.083 0.12 0.216 0.216 0.3 0.3 0.437 0.6
3 3.5
3.029 4.332 7.576 7.576 10.25 10.25 14.32 18.58
0.083 0.12 0.226 0.226 0.318 0.318 0.636
3 1/2 4
3.472 4.973 9.109 9.109 12.51 12.51 22.85
0.083 0.12 0.237 0.237 0.281 0.337 0.337 0.437 0.531 0.674
4 4.5
3.915 5.613 10.79 10.79 12.66 14.98 14.98 19.01 22.51 27.54
0.247 0.355 0.71
4 1/2 5
12.53 17.61 32.53
0.109 0.134 0.258 0.258 0.375 0.375 0.5 0.625 0.75
5 5.563
6.439 7.77 14.62 14.62 20.78 20.78 27.04 32.96 38.55
0.109 0.134 0.28 0.28 0.432 0.432 0.562 0.718 0.864
6 6.625
7.585 9.289 18.97 18.97 28.57 28.57 36.39 45.3 53.16
0.301 0.5 0.875
7 7.625
23.57 38.05 63.08
0.109 0.148 0.25 0.277 0.322 0.322 0.406 0.5 0.5 0.593 0.718 0.812 0.906 0.875
8 8.625
9.914 13.4 22.36 24.7 28.55 28.55 35.64 43.49 43.49 50.87 60.63 67.76 74.69 72.42
0.342 0.5
9 9.625
33.9 48.72
0.134 0.165 0.25 0.307 0.365 0.365 0.5 0.593 0.5 0.718 0.843 1 1.125
10 10.75
15.19 18.7 28.04 34.24 40.48 40.48 54.74 64.33 54.74 76.93 89.2 104.1 115.7
0.375 0.5
11 11.75
45.55 60.07
0.165 0.18 0.25 0.33 0.406 0.375 0.562 0.687 0.5 0.843 1 1.125 1.312
12 12.75
22.18 24.2 33.38 43.77 53.53 49.56 73.16 88.51 65.42 125.5 125.5 139.7 160.3
0.25 0.312 0.375 0.437 0.375 0.593 0.75 0.5 0.937 1.093 1.25 1.406
14 14
36.71 45.68 54.57 63.37 54.47 84.91 106.1 72.09 130.7 130.7 170.2 189.1
Pipe O.D. in
5 10 20 30 40 STD 60 80 XH 100 120 140 160 XXH
Size Inches
0.25 0.312 0.375 0.5 0.375 0.656 0.843 0.5 1.031 1.218 1.437 1.593
16 16
42.05 52.36 62.58 82.77 62.58 107.5 136.5 82.77 164.8 192.3 223.5 245.1
0.25 0.312 0.437 0.562 0.375 0.75 0.937 0.5 1.156 1.375 1.562 1.781
18 18
47.39 59.03 82.06 104.8 70.59 138.2 170.8 93.45 208 244.1 274.2 308.5
0.25 0.375 0.5 0.593 0.375 0.812 1.031 0.5 1.28 1.5 1.75 1.968
20 20
52.73 78.6 104.1 122.9 78.6 166.4 208.9 104.1 256.1 256.1 341.1 379
0.25 0.375 0.5 0.375 0.875 1.125 0.5 1.375 1.625 1.875 2.125
22 22
58.07 86.61 114.8 86.61 197.4 250.8 114.8 302.9 353.6 403 451.1
0.25 0.375 0.562 0.687 0.375 0.968 1.218 0.5 1.531 1.812 2.062 2.343
24 24
63.41 94.62 140.8 171.2 94.62 238.1 296.4 125.2 367.4 429.4 483.1 541.9
0.312 0.5 0.375 0.5
26 26
85.6 136.2 102.6 136.2
0.312 0.5 0.625 0.375 0.5
28 28
92.26 146.8 182.7 110.6 146.8
0.312 0.5 0.625 0.375 0.5
30 30
98.93 157.5 196.1 118.6 157.5
0.312 0.5 0.625 0.688 0.375 0.5
32 32
105.6 168.2 209.4 230.1 126.7 168.2
0.344 0.5 0.625 0.688 0.375 0.5
34 34
123.7 178.9 222.8 244.8 134.7 178.9
0.312 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.375 0.5
36 36
118.9 189.6 236.1 282.3 142.7 189.6
0.375 0.5
42
166.7 221.6
0.375 0.5
48
190.7 253.6
STAINLESS STEEL
CLAUSE 6. INSPECTION AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015

Table 6.1
Visual Inspection Acceptance Criteria (see 6.9)
Statically Loaded Cyclically Loaded
Nontubular Nontubular
Discontinuity Category and Inspection Criteria Connections Connections
(1) Crack Prohibition
X X
Any crack shall be unacceptable, regardless of size or location.
(2) Weld/Base Metal Fusion
Complete fusion shall exist between adjacent layers of weld metal and between weld metal X X
and base metal.
(3) Crater Cross Section
All craters shall be filled to provide the specified weld size, except for the ends of X X
intermittent fillet welds outside of their effective length.
(4) Weld Profiles
X X
Weld profiles shall be in conformance with 5.23.
(5) Time of Inspection
Visual inspection of welds in all steels may begin immediately after the completed welds
have cooled to ambient temperature. Acceptance criteria for ASTM A514, A517, and X X
A709 Grade HPS 100W [HPS 690W] steels shall be based on visual inspection performed
not less than 48 hours after completion of the weld.
(6) Undersized Welds
The size of a fillet weld in any continuous weld may be less than the specified nominal
size (L) without correction by the following amounts (U):
L, U,
specified nominal weld size, in [mm] allowable decrease from L, in [mm]
≤ 3/16 [5] ≤ 1/16 [2].0 X X
1/4 [6] ≤ 3/32 [2.5]
≥ 5/16 [8] ≤ 1/8 [3].00
In all cases, the undersize portion of the weld shall not exceed 10% of the weld length.
On web-to-flange welds on girders, underrun shall be prohibited at the ends for a length
equal to twice the width of the flange.
(7) Undercut
(A) For material less than 1 in [25 mm] thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/32 in [1 mm],
with the following exception: undercut shall not exceed 1/16 in [2 mm] for any accumu- X
lated length up to 2 in [50 mm] in any 12 in [300 mm]. For material equal to or greater than
1 in [25 mm] thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/16 in [2 mm] for any length of weld.
(B) In primary members, undercut shall be no more than 0.01 in [0.25 mm] deep when
the weld is transverse to tensile stress under any design loading condition. Undercut shall X
be no more than 1/32 in [1 mm] deep for all other cases.
(8) Porosity
(A) CJP groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of computed tensile stress
shall have no visible piping porosity. For all other groove welds and for fillet welds, the
X
sum of the visible piping porosity 1/32 in [1 mm] or greater in diameter shall not exceed
3/8 in [10 mm] in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed 3/4 in [20 mm] in any
12 in [300 mm] length of weld.
(B) The frequency of piping porosity in fillet welds shall not exceed one in each 4 in
[100 mm] of weld length and the maximum diameter shall not exceed 3/32 in [2.5 mm].
Exception: for fillet welds connecting stiffeners to web, the sum of the diameters of X
piping porosity shall not exceed 3/8 in [10 mm] in any linear inch of weld and shall not
exceed 3/4 in [20 mm] in any 12 in [300 mm] length of weld.
(C) CJP groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of computed tensile stress
shall have no piping porosity. For all other groove welds, the frequency of piping porosity
X
shall not exceed one in 4 in [100 mm] of length and the maximum diameter shall not
exceed 3/32 in [2.5 mm].
Note: An “X” indicates applicability for the connection type; a shaded area indicates non-applicability.

209
CLAUSE 6. INSPECTION AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015

Table 6.2
UT Acceptance-Rejection Criteria (Statically Loaded Nontubular Connections and Cyclically
Loaded Nontubular Connections in Compression) (see 6.13.1, 6.13.2(2), and C-6.25.6)
Weld Sizea in inches [mm] and Search Unit Angle

5/16 > 3/4

through through
3/4 1-1/2 > 1-1/2 through 2-1/2 > 2-1/2 through 4 > 4 through 8
Discontinuity [8–20] [20–38] [38–65] [65–100] [100–200]
Severity
Class 70° 70° 70° 60° 45° 70° 60° 45° 70° 60° 45°

+5 & +2 & –2 & +1 & +3 & –5 & –2 & 0& –7 & –4 & –1 &
Class A
lower lower lower lower lower lower lower lower lower lower lower

+6 +3 –1 +2 +4 –4 –1 +1 –6 –3 0
Class B
0 +3 +5 –3 0 +2 –5 –2 +1

+7 +4 +1 +4 +6 –2 to +1 +3 –4 to –1 to +2
Class C
+2 +5 +7 +2 +2 +4 +2 +2 +3

+8 +5 +3 +6 +8 +3 +3 +5 +3 +3 +4
Class D
& up & up & up & up & up & up & up & up & up & up & up
a Weld size in butt joints shall be the nominal thickness of the thinner of the two parts being joined.
Notes:
1. Class B and C discontinuities shall be separated by at least 2L, L being the length of the longer discontinuity, except that when two or more such
discontinuities are not separated by at least 2L, but the combined length of discontinuities and their separation distance is equal to or less than the
maximum allowable length under the provisions of Class B or C, the discontinuity shall be considered a single acceptable discontinuity.
2. Class B and C discontinuities shall not begin at a distance less than 2L from weld ends carrying primary tensile stress, L being the discontinuity
length.
3. Discontinuities detected at “scanning level” in the root face area of CJP double groove weld joints shall be evaluated using an indication rating 4 dB
more sensitive than described in [Link] when such welds are designated as “tension welds” on the drawing (subtract 4 dB from the indication rating
“d”). This shall not apply if the weld joint is backgouged to sound metal to remove the root face and MT used to verify that the root face has been
removed.
4. ESW or EGW: Discontinuities detected at “scanning level” which exceed 2 in [50 mm] in length shall be suspected as being piping porosity and
shall be further evaluated with radiography.
5. For indications that remain on the display as the search unit is moved, refer to 6.13.1.

Class A (large discontinuities)

Any indication in this category shall be rejected (regardless of length). Scanning Levels
Class B (medium discontinuities)
Any indication in this category having a length greater than 3/4 in
Above Zero
[20 mm] shall be rejected. Sound pathb in inches [mm] Reference, dB

Class C (small discontinuities) through 2-1/2 [65 mm] 14

Any indication in this category having a length greater than 2 in > 2-1/2 through 5 [65–125 mm] 19
[50 mm] shall be rejected.
> 5 through 10 [125–250 mm] 29
Class D (minor discontinuities) > 10 through 15 [250–380 mm] 39
Any indication in this category shall be accepted regardless of length or
location in the weld. b This column refers to sound path distance; NOT material thickness.

210
AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015 CLAUSE 6. INSPECTION

Table 6.3
UT Acceptance-Rejection Criteria (Cyclically Loaded Nontubular Connections in Tension)
(see 6.13.2 and C-6.25.6)
Weld Sizea in inches [mm] and Search Unit Angle

5/16 > 3/4

through through
3/4 1-1/2 > 1-1/2 through 2-1/2 > 2-1/2 through 4 > 4 through 8
Discontinuity [8–20] [20–38] [38–65] [65–100] [100–200]
Severity
Class 70° 70° 70° 60° 45° 70° 60° 45° 70° 60° 45°

+10 & +8 & +4 & +7 & +9 & +1 & +4 & +6 & –2 & +1 & +3 &
Class A
lower lower lower lower lower lower lower lower lower lower lower

+11 +9 +5 +8 +10 +2 +5 +7 –1 +2 +4
Class B
+6 +9 +11 +3 +6 +8 0 +3 +5

+12 +10 +7 +10 +12 +4 +7 +9 +1 +4 +6

Class C
+8 +11 +13 +5 +8 +10 +2 +5 +7

+13 +11 +9 +12 +14 +6 +9 +11 +3 +6 +8

Class D
& up & up & up & up & up & up & up & up & up & up & up
a Weld size in butt joints shall be the nominal thickness of the thinner of the two parts being joined.
Notes:
1. Class B and C discontinuities shall be separated by at least 2L, L being the length of the longer discontinuity, except that when two or more such
discontinuities are not separated by at least 2L, but the combined length of discontinuities and their separation distance is equal to or less than the
maximum allowable length under the provisions of Class B or C, the discontinuity shall be considered a single acceptable discontinuity.
2. Class B and C discontinuities shall not begin at a distance less than 2L from weld ends carrying primary tensile stress, L being the discontinuity
length.
3. Discontinuities detected at “scanning level” in the root face area of CJP double groove weld joints shall be evaluated using an indication rating 4 dB
more sensitive than described in [Link] when such welds are designated as “tension welds” on the drawing (subtract 4 dB from the indication rating
“d”). This shall not apply if the weld joint is backgouged to sound metal to remove the root face and MT used to verify that the root face has been
removed.
4. For indications that remain on the display as the search unit is moved, refer to [Link].

Class A (large discontinuities)

Any indication in this category shall be rejected (regardless of length). Scanning Levels
Class B (medium discontinuities)
Any indication in this category having a length greater than 3/4 in
Above Zero
[20 mm] shall be rejected. Sound pathb in [mm] Reference, dB
Class C (small discontinuities)
Any indication in this category having a length greater than 2 in
through 2-1/2 [65 mm] 20
[50 mm] in the middle half or 3/4 in [20 mm] length in the top or > 2-1/2 through 5 [65–125 mm] 25
bottom quarter of weld thickness shall be rejected. > 5 through 10 [125–250 mm] 35
Class D (minor discontinuities)
> 10 through 15 [250–380 mm] 45
Any indication in this category shall be accepted regardless of length or b
location in the weld. This column refers to sound path distance; NOT material thickness.

211
 ULTRASONIC TESTING (UT) USEFUL FORMULAE

1. Velocity of Ultrasonic Waves in a medium (V) = f x l

OR

Where

f = Number of cycles per second is called frequency. Measured in ‘Hertz’. Abbreviated

as ‘Hz’. One Hertz is equivalent to One cycle per second

l = Distance covered in one cycle is wavelength

V= Velocity of Ultrasonic wave inside the medium in ‘mm/s’

2. Acoustic Impedance (Z) = V x r

Where:

Z= Acoustic Impedance

r= Density
V= Velocity

3. Reflection Coefficient

Where:

R = Reflection Coefficient
Z1 = Acoustic Impedance of Medium 1
Z2 = Acoustic Impedance of Medium 2
4. Transmission coefficient
T = 4 Z1Z2/ (Z1+Z2)2

Where:

R = Reflection Coefficient
Z1 = Acoustic Impedance of Medium 1
Z2 = Acoustic Impedance of Medium 2

5. Longitudinal Wave Velocity

Where:

VL = Longitudinal Wave Velocity

E = Modulus of Elasticity
r = Density
m = Poisson's Ratio

6. Shear Wave Velocity

Where:

Vs = Shear Wave Velocity

E = Modulus of Elasticity
r = Density
m = Poisson's Ratio
G= Shear Modulus

7. Refraction - Snell's Law: That is the ratio of sine of the angle to the respective wave
velocities are proportional.

Where:

qI = Angle of the Incident Wave

qR = Angle of the Reflected Wave
V1 = Velocity of Incident Wave
V2 = Velocity of Reflected Wave
8. Near Field

Where:

N = Near Field
D = Transducer Diameter
l = Wavelength
V = Velocity

9. Beam Spread Half Angle

Where:

l = Wavelength
D = Transducer Diameter
V = Velocity
F = Frequency

10. Decibel (dB) Gain or Loss

Where:

dB = Decibel
P1 = Pressure Amplitude 1
P2 = Pressure Amplitude 2

11. Angle Beam testing of Pipe

d(1- Sin Ø)
t=
2

2t
Sin Ø = 1-
d
d = O.D. of Pipe
t = Maximum wall thickness Ø = Probe angle
12. Formulae for Angle Beam Calculations

β = Sound beam refracted angle in the test material

T = Thickness of the test material

Skip Distance

S = 2T x tan β

V-Path Length

2T
V-Path =
cosβ

Leg Length

T
Leg =
cosβ

Surface Distnace

SD = sinβ x Soundpath Length

Depth in First Leg

Depth (1st Leg) = cosβ x Sound path Length

Depth in Second Leg

Depth (2nd Leg) = 2T – (cosβ x Sound path Length)
 UT Useful Formulas
Main ultrasonic parameters and their definition or relationship:

Feature Formula Remarks

Longitudinal Where:
(Compression) = Modulus of elasticity (Young’s modul
2
us) [N/m ]
velocity 3
= Mass density [kg/m ]
; [ m/s ]
= Poisson’s ratio

Transverse Where:
2
(shear) = Shear modulus [N/m ]
velocity

; [m/s ]

Frequency Where:
= Wave Length [m]

= Velocity [m/s]
; [Hz]

Acoustic Where:
impedance = Velocity [m/s]

; [kg/m2s] = Density [kg/m ]

3

Near‐field Where:
(circular) = Transduser diameter [mm]

= Transduser frequency [Hz]

; [mm]
= Sound velocity [mm/s]

Beam Where:
divergence- = Beam divergence angle from
angle (circular) centerline to point where signal
is at half strength
Reflection Where:
coefficient = Acoustic impedance of Medium 1

= Acoustic impedance of Medium 2

Transmission Where:
coefficient = Reflection coefficient
Snell’s law Where:
= the longitudinal wave velocities
in the first and second materials,
respectively
= the shear wave velocities in the
first and second materials,
respectively
= the angles of incident and
refracted longitudinal waves,
respectively
= the angles of the converted
reflected and refracted shear
waves, respectively
Amplitude Where:
attenuation = Initial (unattenuated) amplitude
= Attenuation coefficient [dB/m]

= Traveled distance [m]

Sound amplitude Where:

= Amblitude of the first pulse
gain (or loss) in ; [dB]
= Amblitude of the second pulse
Decibel

Distance to Where:
= Sound velocity (longitudinal or
reflector or
shear) [m/s]
discontinuity = Time difference [s]
(normal or angle
beam)

Surface Distance
& Depth (1st
Leg)

Surface Distance
& Depth (2nd
Leg)

Skip Distance for

weld inspection
 UT Calculations
Wave Prorogation:

D(x,t ) = A sin(ωt-kx )

A = the amplitude (volt) of the disturbance; Magnitude of of the particle displacement signal.
D(x,t ) = the value of a disturbance in space at some position x and time t
k = the number of waves
ω = angular frequency (radians per second)

Angular Frequency (ω):

ω = 2πf
ω = angular frequency (radians per second)
f = wave frequency

Number of Waves ( k )
k = 2π / λ
k = The number of waves
λ = Wavelength

Phase Velocity (v ):
v = x/t = λf = ω/k

Snell's Law (Critical Angle):

αcrit = sin-1 (V1 / V2)

Snell's Law: Sin θI / Sin θR = (V(incidence) / V(refracton)

Sin θ(incidence) Velocity(incidence)
=
Sin θ(Refraction) Velocity(Refraction)

Acoustic Impedance:
Z=ρ*V
Z = Acoustic Impedance
ρ = material density
V = Wave Velocity

Energy Reflection Coefficient Ratio:

R = (Z2 - Z1)2 / (Z2 + Z1)2

R = coefficient of energy reflection for normal incidence

Z1 = Incident wave material
Z2 = Transmitted wave material
T = coefficient of energy transmission; T + R = 1
Thickness Resonances:
F = V/2T

F = Frequency
V = Velocity
T = Thickness

V = 2D / T
V = Material Velocity
D = Material Thickness
T = Time

Decibel (dB) Gain or Loss

P1 = Pressure Amplitude 1
ΔI(dB) = 20 * log(P2/P1) P2 = Pressure Amplitude 2
dB = Decibel

Anntenuation by Metal Path:

= DecibelDifference / (Thickness 1 + Thickness2)

Beam Spread Half Angle (Round Transducer)

sinΦ = 1.2 * λ/Dia.
sinΦ = Beam divergence half angle
λ = Wavelength in media
D = Diameter of round transducer
1.2 = Multiplier (See Note)
NOTE:
1.2 = for the theoretical null
1.08 = used for 20 dB down point (10% of peak)
0.88 = used for 10 dB down point (32% of peak)
0.7 = used for 6 dB down point (50% of peak)

Near Field Length:

N = D2 / 4 λ
N = Length of Near Field (fresnel zone)
D = Diameter of round transducer
λ = Wavelength in media
λ = velocity / frequency
Focal Distance Reduction:
XW + ( FL - XW) * (VW/VTM)
R=
F
R= Ratio of the focal length change
VTM = Acoustic velocity in the test object
VW = Acoustic velocity in Water
XW = Water Path Distance
F= Focal Length in Water

Focal Depth Inside of a Solid:

FL - ( FL - XW) * (VW/VTM)
XTM =
F
R= Ratio of the focal length change
VTM = Focal Distance in the test object
VW = Acoustic velocity in Water
XW = Water Path Distance
FL = Focal Length of the Lens

Off-Set Distance:
L= (D/2)(VW/VM)sinθ

L = Off-set Distance
VM = Acoustic velocity in the Material
VW = Acoustic velocity in Water
D= Diameter of the Tube or Pipe
θ= Desired refracted angle in the tube / pipe
SD = Tanθ * T
 SIN COS TAN SIN COS TAN
1 0.0175 0.9998 0.0175 46 0.7193 0.6947 1.0355
2 0.0349 0.9994 0.0349 47 0.7314 0.6820 1.0724
3 0.0523 0.9986 0.0524 48 0.7431 0.6691 1.1106
4 0.0698 0.9976 0.0699 49 0.7547 0.6561 1.1504
5 0.0872 0.9962 0.0875 50 0.7660 0.6428 1.1918
6 0.1045 0.9945 0.1051 51 0.7771 0.6293 1.2349
7 0.1219 0.9925 0.1228 52 0.7880 0.6157 1.2799
8 0.1392 0.9903 0.1405 53 0.7986 0.6018 1.3270
9 0.1564 0.9877 0.1584 54 0.8090 0.5878 1.3764
10 0.1736 0.9848 0.1763 55 0.8192 0.5736 1.4281
11 0.1908 0.9816 0.1944 56 0.8290 0.5592 1.4826
12 0.2079 0.9781 0.2126 57 0.8387 0.5446 1.5399
13 0.2250 0.9744 0.2309 58 0.8480 0.5299 1.6003
14 0.2419 0.9703 0.2493 59 0.8572 0.5150 1.6643
15 0.2588 0.9659 0.2679 60 0.8660 0.5000 1.7321
16 0.2756 0.9613 0.2867 61 0.8746 0.4848 1.8040
17 0.2924 0.9563 0.3057 62 0.8829 0.4695 1.8807
18 0.3090 0.9511 0.3249 63 0.8910 0.4540 1.9626
19 0.3256 0.9455 0.3443 64 0.8988 0.4384 2.0503
20 0.3420 0.9397 0.3640 65 0.9063 0.4226 2.1445
21 0.3584 0.9336 0.3839 66 0.9135 0.4067 2.2460
22 0.3746 0.9272 0.4040 67 0.9205 0.3907 2.3559
22.5 0.3827 0.9239 0.4142 68 0.9272 0.3746 2.4751
23 0.3907 0.9205 0.4245 69 0.9336 0.3584 2.6051
24 0.4067 0.9135 0.4452 70 0.9397 0.3420 2.7475
25 0.4226 0.9063 0.4663 71 0.9455 0.3256 2.9042
26 0.4384 0.8988 0.4877 72 0.9511 0.3090 3.0777
27 0.4540 0.8910 0.5095 73 0.9563 0.2924 3.2709
28 0.4695 0.8829 0.5317 74 0.9613 0.2756 3.4874
29 0.4848 0.8746 0.5543 75 0.9659 0.2588 3.7321
30 0.5000 0.8660 0.5774 76 0.9703 0.2419 4.0108
31 0.5150 0.8572 0.6009 77 0.9744 0.2250 4.3315
32 0.5299 0.8480 0.6249 78 0.9781 0.2079 4.7046
33 0.5446 0.8387 0.6494 79 0.9816 0.1908 5.1446
34 0.5592 0.8290 0.6745 80 0.9848 0.1736 5.6713
35 0.5736 0.8192 0.7002 81 0.9877 0.1564 6.3138
36 0.5878 0.8090 0.7265 82 0.9903 0.1392 7.1154
37 0.6018 0.7986 0.7536 83 0.9925 0.1219 8.1443
38 0.6157 0.7880 0.7813 84 0.9945 0.1045 9.5144
39 0.6293 0.7771 0.8098 85 0.9962 0.0872 11.4301
40 0.6428 0.7660 0.8391 86 0.9976 0.0698 14.3007
41 0.6561 0.7547 0.8693 87 0.9986 0.0523 19.0811
42 0.6691 0.7431 0.9004 88 0.9994 0.0349 28.6363
43 0.6820 0.7314 0.9325 89 0.9998 0.0175 57.2900
44 0.6947 0.7193 0.9657 90 1.0000 0.0000 N/A
45 0.7071 0.7071 1.0000 0 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
 Longitudinal Shear Surface Acoustic
Density
Material Velocity Velocity Velocity Impedance
cm/µs in/µs cm/µs in/µs cm/µs in/µs g/cm3 g/cm2-sec x105
Aluminum 0.632 0.2488 0.313 0.1232 N/A N/A 2.7 17.1
Acrylics 0.272 0.107 0.131 0.05 N/A N/A --- 3.3
AL 1100-0 (2SO) 0.635 0.25 0.31 0.122 0.29 0.114 2.71 17.2
AL 2014 (14S) 0.632 0.2488 0.307 0.1209 N/A N/A 2.8 17.8
AL 2024 T4 (24ST) 0.637 0.2508 0.316 0.1244 0.295 0.116 2.77 17.6
AL 2117 T4 (17ST) 0.65 0.2559 0.312 0.1228 N/A N/A 2.8 18.2
Bismuth 0.218 0.0858 0.11 0.0433 N/A N/A 9.8 21.4
Brass 0.428 0.1685 0.23 0.0906 N/A N/A 8.56 36.7
Brass, Half Hard 0.383 0.1508 0.205 0.0807 N/A N/A 8.1 31.02
Brass, Naval 0.443 0.1744 0.212 0.0835 0.195 0.077 8.42 37.3
Bronze, Phospho 0.353 0.139 0.223 0.0878 0.201 0.079 8.86 31.28
Cadmium 0.278 0.1094 0.15 0.0591 N/A N/A 8.64 24.02
Copper 0.466 0.1835 0.233 0.089 0.193 0.076 8.93 41.61
Gold 0.324 0.1276 0.12 0.0472 N/A N/A 19.32 62.6
Inconel 0.572 0.2252 N/A N/A 0.279 0.11 8.25 47.19
Iron 0.59 0.2323 0.323 0.1272 0.279 0.11 7.7 45.43
Iron, Cast 0.48 0.189 0.24 0.0945 N/A N/A 7.8 37.44
Lead 0.216 0.085 0.07 0.0276 0.063 0.0248 11.4 24.62
Lead 5% Antinomy 0.217 0.0854 0.081 0.0319 0.074 0.0291 1.9 23.65
Magnesium 0.631 0.2484 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.74 10.98
Magnesium (FS-1) 0.547 0.2154 0.303 0.1193 N/A N/A 1.69 9.24
Magnesium (J-1) 0.567 0.2232 0.301 0.1185 N/A N/A 1.7 9.64
Magnesium (M) 0.576 0.2268 0.309 0.1217 N/A N/A 1.75 10.08
Magnesium (O-1) 0.58 0.2283 0.304 0.1197 N/A N/A 1.82 10.56
Magnesium (ZK-60A-TS) 0.571 0.2248 0.305 0.1201 N/A N/A 1.83 10.45
Manganese 0.466 0.1835 0.235 0.0925 N/A N/A 7.39 34.44
Molybdenum 0.629 0.2476 0.335 0.1319 0.311 0.122 10.2 64.16
Monel 0.602 0.237 0.272 0.1071 0.196 0.0772 8.83 53.16
Nickel 0.563 0.2217 0.296 0.1165 0.264 0.104 8.88 49.99
Oil; SAE 30 0.17 0.067 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.87 1.5
Platinum 0.396 0.1559 0 .167 N/A N/A N/A 21.4 84.74
Silver 0.36 0.1417 0.159 0.0626 N/A N/A 10.5 37.8
Silver, German 0.476 0.1874 N/A N/A N/A N/A 8.7 41.41
Silver, Nickel 0.462 0.1819 0.232 0.0913 0.169 0.0665 8.75 40.43
Steel, 1020 0.589 0.2319 0.324 0.1276 N/A N/A 7.71 45.41
Steel, 1095 0.59 0.2323 0.319 0.1256 N/A N/A 7.8 46.02
Steel, 302 Cres (Stainless) 0.566 0.2228 0.312 0.1228 0.312 0.123 8.03 45.45
Steel, 347 Cres (Stainless) 0.574 0.226 0.309 0.1217 N/A N/A 7.91 45.4
Steel, 410 Cres (Stainless) 0.539 0.212 0.299 0.118 0.216 0.085 7.67 56.68
Steel, 4150, Rc14 0.586 0.2307 0.279 0.1098 N/A N/A 7.84 45.94
Steel, 4150, Rc18 0.589 0.2319 0.318 0.1252 N/A N/A 7.82 46.06
Steel, 4150, Rc43 0.587 0.2311 0.32 0.126 N/A N/A 7.81 45.84
Steel, 4150, Rc64 0.582 0.2291 0.277 0.1091 N/A N/A 7.8 45.4
Steel, 4340 0.585 0.2303 0.319 0.1259 N/A N/A 7.8 45.63
Thorium 0.24 0.0945 0.156 0.0614 N/A N/A 11.3 27.12
Tin 0.332 0.1307 0.167 0.0657 N/A N/A 7.29 24.2
Titanium 0.607 0.239 0.331 0.1303 N/A N/A 4.5 27.32
Titanium Carbide 0.827 0.3256 0.516 0.2031 N/A N/A 5.15 42.59
Tungsten 0.518 0.2039 0.287 0.113 0.265 0.104 19.25 99.72
Vanadium 0.6 0.2362 0.278 0.1094 N/A N/A 6.03 36.18
Water 0.148 0.0584 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 1.48
Zinc 0.417 0.1642 0.241 0.0948 N/A N/A 7.1 29.61
Zirconium 0.465 0.1831 0.222 0.0874 N/A N/A 6.48 30.1
 ITEM 440
REINFORCING STEEL

440.1. Description. Furnish and place reinforcing steel of the sizes and details shown on the plans.

440.2. Materials.
A. Approved Mills. Before furnishing steel, producing mills of reinforcing steel for the Department must
be pre-approved in accordance with DMS-7320, “Qualification Procedure for Reinforcing Steel Mills,”
by the Construction Division, which maintains a list of approved producing mills. Reinforcing steel
obtained from unapproved sources will not be accepted.
B. Deformed Bar and Wire Reinforcement. Unless otherwise shown on the plans, reinforcing steel
must be Grade 60, and bar reinforcement must be deformed. Reinforcing steel must conform to one of
the following:
• ASTM A 615, Grades 40 or 60;
• ASTM A 996, Type A, Grades 40 or 60;
• ASTM A 996, Type R, Grade 60, permitted in concrete pavement only (Furnish ASTM A 996,
Type R bars as straight bars only and do not bend them. Bend tests are not required.); or
• ASTM A 706.
The provisions of this Item take precedence over ASTM provisions.
The nominal size, area, and weight of reinforcing steel bars covered by this Item are shown in Table 1.
Designate smooth bars up to No. 4 by size number and above No. 4 by diameter in inches.

Table 1
Size, Area, and Weight of Reinforcing Steel Bars
Bar Size Bar Size
Diameter Area (Sq. Weight per
Number Number
(in.) in.) Ft.
(in.) (mm)
3 10 0.375 0.11 0.376
4 13 0.500 0.20 0.668
5 16 0.625 0.31 1.043
6 19 0.750 0.44 1.502
7 22 0.875 0.60 2.044
8 25 1.000 0.79 2.670
9 29 1.128 1.00 3.400
10 32 1.270 1.27 4.303
11 36 1.410 1.56 5.313
14 43 1.693 2.25 7.650
18 57 2.257 4.00 13.60
Note: Bar size numbers (in.) are based on the number of eighths of an inch included in the
nominal diameter of the bar. Bar size numbers (mm) approximate the number of millimeters
included in the nominal diameter of the bar.

C. Smooth Bar and Spiral Reinforcement. Smooth bars and dowels for concrete pavement must have a
minimum yield strength of 60 ksi and meet ASTM A 615. For smooth bars that are larger than No. 3,
provide steel conforming to ASTM A 615 or meet the physical requirements of ASTM A 36.
Spiral reinforcement may be smooth or deformed bars or wire of the minimum size or gauge shown on
the plans. Bars for spiral reinforcement must comply with ASTM A 615, Grade 40; ASTM A 996,
Type A, Grade 40; or ASTM A 675, Grade 80, meeting dimensional requirements of ASTM A 615.
Smooth wire must comply with ASTM A 82, and deformed wire must comply with ASTM A 496.
D. Weldable Reinforcing Steel. Reinforcing steel to be welded must comply with ASTM A 706 or have
a carbon equivalent (C.E.) of at most 0.55%. A report of chemical analysis showing the percentages of
elements necessary to establish C.E. is required for reinforcing steel that does not meet ASTM A 706
 to be structurally welded. These requirements do not pertain to miscellaneous welds on reinforcing
steel as defined in Section 448.4.B.1.a, “Miscellaneous Welding Applications.”
Calculate C.E. using the following formula:
% Mn %Cu % Ni %Cr % Mo %V
C . E . = %C + + + + − −
6 40 20 10 50 10
E. Welded Wire Fabric. For fabric reinforcement, use wire that conforms to ASTM A 82 or A 496. Use
wire fabric that conforms to ASTM A 185 or A 497. Observe the relations shown in Table 2 among
size number, diameter in inches, and area when ordering wire by size numbers, unless otherwise
specified. Precede the size number for deformed wire with “D” and for smooth wire with “W.”
Designate welded wire fabric as shown in the following example: 6 × 12 – W16 × W8 (indicating 6-in.
longitudinal wire spacing and 12-in. transverse wire spacing with smooth No. 16 wire longitudinally
and smooth No. 8 wire transversely).

Table 2
Wire Size Number, Diameter, and Area
Size Number Size Number
Diameter (in.) Area (sq. in.)
(in.) (mm)
31 200 0.628 0.310
30 194 0.618 0.300
28 181 0.597 0.280
26 168 0.575 0.260
24 155 0.553 0.240
22 142 0.529 0.220
20 129 0.505 0.200
18 116 0.479 0.180
16 103 0.451 0.160
14 90 0.422 0.140
12 77 0.391 0.120
10 65 0.357 0.100
8 52 0.319 0.080
7 45 0.299 0.070
6 39 0.276 0.060
5.5 35 0.265 0.055
5 32 0.252 0.050
4.5 29 0.239 0.045
4 26 0.226 0.040
3.5 23 0.211 0.035
2.9 19 0.192 0.035
2.5 16 0.178 0.025
2 13 0.160 0.020
1.4 9 0.134 0.014
1.2 8 0.124 0.012
0.5 3 0.080 0.005
Note: Size numbers (in.) are the nominal cross-sectional area of the wire in hundredths of a
square inch. Size numbers (mm) are the nominal cross-sectional area of the wire in square
millimeters. Fractional sizes between the sizes listed above are also available and acceptable
for use.

F. Epoxy Coating. Epoxy coating will be required as shown on the plans. Before furnishing epoxy-
coated reinforcing steel, an epoxy applicator must be pre-approved in accordance with DMS-7330,
“Qualification Procedure for Reinforcing Steel Epoxy Coating Applicators.” The Construction
Division maintains a list of approved applicators.
Coat reinforcing steel in accordance with Table 3.
 Table 3
Epoxy Coating Requirements for Reinforcing Steel
Material Specification
Bar ASTM A 775 or A 934
Wire or fabric ASTM A 884 Class A or B
Mechanical couplers As shown on the plans
Hardware As shown on the plans

Use epoxy coating material and coating repair material that complies with DMS-8130, “Epoxy Powder
Coating for Reinforcing Steel.” Do not patch more than 1/4 in. total length in any foot at the
applicator’s plant.
Epoxy-coated reinforcement will be sampled and tested in accordance with Tex-739-I.
Maintain identification of all reinforcing throughout the coating and fabrication and until delivery to
the project site.
Furnish 1 copy of a written certification that the coated reinforcing steel meets the requirements of this
Item and 1 copy of the manufacturer’s control tests.
G. Mechanical Couplers. When mechanical splices in reinforcing steel bars are shown on the plans, use
the following types of coupler:
• sleeve-filler,
• sleeve-threaded,
• sleeve-swaged, or
• sleeve-wedge.
Furnish only couplers that have been produced by a manufacturer that has been prequalified in
accordance with DMS-4510, “Mechanical Couplers.” Sleeve-wedge type couplers will not be
permitted on coated reinforcing. Couplers for use on individual projects must be sampled and tested in
accordance with DMS-4510. Furnish couplers only at locations shown on the plans.

440.3. Construction.
A. Bending. Cold-bend the reinforcement accurately to the shapes and dimensions shown on the plans.
Fabricate in the shop if possible. Field-fabricate, if permitted, using a method approved by the
Engineer. Replace improperly fabricated, damaged, or broken bars at no additional expense to the
Department. Repair damaged or broken bars embedded in a previous concrete placement using a
method approved by the Engineer.
Unless otherwise shown on the plans, the inside diameter of bar bends, in terms of the nominal bar
diameter (d), must be as shown in Table 4.

Table 4
Minimum Inside Diameter of Bar Bends
Bar Size Bar Size
Bend Number Number Diameter
(in.) (mm)
Bends of 90° and greater in 3, 4, 5 10, 13, 16 4d
stirrups, ties, and other
secondary bars that enclose
6, 7, 8 19, 22, 25 6d
another bar in the bend
Bends in main bars and in 3 through 8 10 through 25 6d
secondary bars not covered 9, 10, 11 29, 32, 36 8d
above 14, 18 43, 57 10d
Note: Bar size numbers (in.) are based on the number of eighths of an inch included in the
nominal diameter of the bar. Bar size numbers (mm) approximate the number of millimeters
included in the nominal diameter of the bar.
 Where bending No. 14 or No. 18 Grade 60 bars is required, bend-test representative specimens as
described for smaller bars in the applicable ASTM specification. Make the required 90° bend around a
pin with a diameter of 10 times the nominal diameter of the bar.
B. Tolerances. Fabrication tolerances for bars are shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1
Fabrication tolerances for bars.

C. Storage. Store steel reinforcement above the ground on platforms, skids, or other supports, and protect
it from damage and deterioration. Ensure that reinforcement is free from dirt, paint, grease, oil, and
other foreign materials when it is placed in the work. Use reinforcement free from defects such as
cracks and delaminations. Rust, surface seams, surface irregularities, or mill scale will not be cause for
rejection if the minimum cross-sectional area of a hand wire-brushed specimen meets the requirements
for the size of steel specified.
D. Splices. Lap-splice, weld-splice, or mechanically splice bars as shown on the plans. Additional splices
not shown on the plans will require approval. Splices not shown on the plans will be permitted in slabs
15 in. or less in thickness, columns, walls, and parapets.
• Unless otherwise approved, splices will not be permitted in bars 30 ft. or less in plan length. For
bars exceeding 30 ft. in plan length, the distance center-to-center of splices must be at least 30 ft.
minus 1 splice length, with no more than 1 individual bar length less than 10 ft. Make lap splices
 not shown on the plans, but otherwise permitted, in accordance with Table 5. Maintain the
specified concrete cover and spacing at splices, and place the lap-spliced bars in contact, securely
tied together.

Table 5
Minimum Lap Requirements for Bar Sizes through No. 11
Bar Size Bar Size Uncoated Lap Coated Lap
Number (in.) Number (mm) Length Length
3 10 1 ft. 4 in. 2 ft. 0 in.
4 13 1 ft. 9 in. 2 ft. 8 in.
5 16 2 ft. 2 in. 3 ft. 3 in.
6 19 2 ft. 7 in. 3 ft. 11 in.
7 22 3 ft. 5 in. 5 ft. 2 in.
8 25 4 ft. 6 in. 6 ft. 9 in.
9 29 5 ft. 8 in. 8 ft. 6 in.
10 32 7 ft. 3 in. 10 ft. 11 in.
11 36 8 ft. 11 in. 13 ft. 5 in.
Note: Bar size numbers (in.) are based on the number of eighths of an inch included in the
nominal diameter of the bar. Bar size numbers (mm) approximate the number of millimeters
included in the nominal diameter of the bar.

• Do not lap No. 14 or No. 18 bars.

• Lap spiral steel at least 1 turn.
• Splice welded wire fabric using a lap length that includes the overlap of at least 2 cross wires plus
2 in. on each sheet or roll. Splices using bars that develop equivalent strength and are lapped in
accordance with Table 5 are permitted.
• For box culvert extensions with less than 1 ft. of fill, lap the existing longitudinal bars with the
new bars as shown in Table 3. For extensions with more than 1 ft. of fill, lap at least 1 ft. 0 in.
• Ensure that welded splices conform to the requirements of the plans and of Item 448, “Structural
Field Welding.” Field-prepare ends of reinforcing bars if they will be butt-welded. Delivered bars
must be long enough to permit weld preparation.
• Install mechanical coupling devices in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations at
locations shown on the plans. Protect threaded male or female connections, and make sure the
threaded connections are clean when making the connection. Do not repair damaged threads.
• Mechanical coupler alternate equivalent strength arrangements, to be accomplished by substituting
larger bar sizes or more bars, will be considered if approved in writing before fabrication of the
systems.
E. Placing. Unless otherwise shown on the plans, dimensions shown for reinforcement are to the centers
of the bars. Place reinforcement as near as possible to the position shown on the plans. In the plane of
the steel parallel to the nearest surface of concrete, bars must not vary from plan placement by more
than 1/12 of the spacing between bars. In the plane of the steel perpendicular to the nearest surface of
concrete, bars must not vary from plan placement by more than 1/4 in. Cover of concrete to the nearest
surface of steel must be at least 1 in. unless otherwise shown on the plans.
For bridge slabs, the clear cover tolerance for the top mat of reinforcement is −0, +1/2 in.
Locate the reinforcement accurately in the forms, and hold it firmly in place before and during concrete
placement by means of bar supports that are adequate in strength and number to prevent displacement
and to keep the steel at the proper distance from the forms. Support bars by standard bar supports with
plastic tips, approved plastic bar supports, or precast mortar or concrete blocks when supports are in
contact with removable or stay-in-place forms. Use bright basic bar supports to support reinforcing
steel placed in slab overlays on concrete panels or on existing concrete slabs. Bar supports in contact
with soil or subgrade must be approved.
For bar supports with plastic tips, the plastic protection must be at least 3/32 in. thick and extend
upward on the wire to a point at least 1/2 in. above the formwork.
 All accessories such as tie wires, bar chairs, supports, or clips used with epoxy-coated reinforcement
must be of steel, fully coated with epoxy or plastic. Plastic supports approved by the Engineer may
also be used with epoxy-coated reinforcement.
Cast mortar or concrete blocks to uniform dimensions with adequate bearing area. Provide a suitable
tie wire in each block for anchoring to the steel. Cast the blocks to the thickness required in approved
molds. The surface placed adjacent to the form must be a true plane, free of surface imperfections.
Cure the blocks by covering them with wet burlap or mats for a period of 72 hr. Mortar for blocks
should contain approximately 1 part hydraulic cement to 3 parts sand. Concrete for blocks should
contain 850 lb. of hydraulic cement per cubic yard of concrete.
Place individual bar supports in rows at 4-ft. maximum spacing in each direction. Place continuous
type bar supports at 4-ft. maximum spacing. Use continuous bar supports with permanent metal deck
forms.
The exposure of the ends of longitudinals, stirrups, and spacers used to position the reinforcement in
concrete pipe and in precast box culverts or storm drains is not cause for rejection.
Tie reinforcing steel for bridge slabs, top slabs of direct traffic culverts, and top slabs of prestressed
box beams at all intersections, except tie only alternate intersections where spacing is less than 1 ft. in
each direction. For reinforcing steel cages for other structural members, tie the steel at enough
intersections to provide a rigid cage of steel. Fasten mats of wire fabric securely at the ends and edges.
Before concrete placement, clean mortar, mud, dirt, debris, oil, and other foreign material from the
reinforcement. Do not place concrete until authorized.
If reinforcement is not adequately supported or tied to resist settlement, reinforcement is floating
upward, truss bars are overturning, or movement is detected in any direction during concrete
placement, stop placement until corrective measures are taken.
F. Handling, Placement, and Repair of Epoxy-Coated Reinforcing Steel.
1. Handling. Provide systems for handling coated reinforcement with padded contact areas. Pad
bundling bands or use suitable banding to prevent damage to the coating. Lift bundles of coated
reinforcement with a strongback, spreader bar, multiple supports, or a platform bridge. Transport
the bundled reinforcement carefully, and store it on protective cribbing. Do not drop or drag the
coated reinforcement.
2. Construction Methods. Do not flame-cut coated reinforcement. Saw or shear-cut only when
approved. Coat cut ends as specified in Section 440.3.F.3, “Repair of Coating.”
Do not weld or mechanically couple coated reinforcing steel except where specifically shown on
the plans. Remove the epoxy coating at least 6 in. beyond the weld limits before welding and 2 in.
beyond the limits of the coupler before assembly. After welding or coupling, clean the steel of oil,
grease, moisture, dirt, welding contamination (slag or acid residue), and rust to a near-white finish.
Check the existing epoxy for damage. Remove any damaged or loose epoxy back to sound epoxy
coating.
After cleaning, coat the splice area with epoxy repair material to a thickness of 7 to 17 mils after
curing. Apply a second application of repair material to the bar and coupler interface to ensure
complete sealing of the joint.
3. Repair of Coating. For repair of the coating, use material that complies with the requirements of
this Item and ASTM D 3963. Make repairs in accordance with procedures recommended by the
manufacturer of the epoxy coating powder. For areas to be patched, apply at least the same coating
thickness as required for the original coating. Repair all visible damage to the coating.
Repair sawed and sheared ends, cuts, breaks, and other damage promptly before additional
oxidation occurs. Clean areas to be repaired to ensure that they are free from surface contaminants.
Make repairs in the shop or in the field as required.

440.4. Measurement and Payment. The work performed, materials furnished, equipment, labor, tools,
and incidentals will not be measured or paid for directly but will be considered subsidiary to pertinent
Items.
IDENTIFICATION GUIDE FOR
REINFORCEMENT STEEL & DOWEL
BAR PRODUCERS
 INSTRUCTIONS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BAR MARKINGS

The specifications for billet steel, axle steel, and rail steel reinforcement bars (AASHTO M 31,
M 322 / ASTM A 615, A 996, as well as A 706) require identification marks to be rolled into the
surface of one side of the bar to denote the producer’s mill designation, bar size, type of steel,
and, for Grade 420 (Grade 60), a grade mark indicating yield strength, and for Grade 520
(Grade 75), a double grade mark indicating yield strength. Grade 300 (Grade 40) bars show
only three marks (no grade mark) usually in the following order:
1st — Producing Mill (usually an initial)
2nd — Bar Size Number (10 mm - 36 mm [#3 - #11], 43 mm [#14], and 57 mm [#18])
3rd — Type Steel:

S for Billet (M 31 / ASTM A-615) A for Axle (M 322 / ASTM A-966)

W for weldable steel (ASTM A-706) or R for Rail (M 322 / ASTM A-966)

Grade 420 (Grade 60) bars Line System Grade Marks

must also show a minimum
Main Ribs
yield designation grade mark
of either the number “4” Two Lines
One Line
(“60”) or one grade mark line
continued for at least five Z Producing Mill Z Z
deformation spaces. Bar Size
4 4 4
13mm (#4)
A grade mark line is smaller S Type Steel W S
( Billet )
than and between the two
Grade Mark
main ribs, which are some-
times on the opposite side of
the bar. When a numerical
grade is used, it is the 4th in Grade 300 (Grade 40) Grade 420 (Grade 60) Grade 520 (Grade 75)
order.

Number System Grade Marks

Main Ribs

X X

X Producing Mill X 9 X X 9

9 W 9 9 S
9 Bar Size
29mm (#9)
S 6 W S 5
Type Steel Grade Mark
S ( Billet )
60 0 4 75 Grade Mark

Grade 300 (Grade 40) Grade 60 Grade 420 Grade 75 Grade 520
Certified Reinforcement Bar Producers

P/S# P/S Name City, State Eff Date Status

1060-01
1060-01 Keystone Steel & Wire Peoria, IL 11/16/07 CERT
Bar, Deform Billet Soft Metric
ASTM A-706 Grade 420 (Grade 60) Coiled Steel

13

S
K

S
P/S# P/S Name City, State Eff Date Status

2394-10
2394-10 Nucor Steel Bourbonnais, IL 07/09/10 CERT
Bar, Deform Billet Soft Metric
Grade ASTM A-706 ( Grade 420 ) weldable reinforcing steel, with a continuous line.

16
W
P/S# P/S Name City, State Eff Date Status

2394-14
2394-14 Nucor Steel Seattle Seattle, WA 01/13/12 CERT
Bar, Deform Billet Soft Metric

22

W
S

4
P/S# P/S Name City, State Eff Date Status

3453-01
3453-01 CMC Steel -Texas Seguin, TX 03/16/06 CERT
Bar, Deform Billet Soft Metric
Grade ASTM A-706 (Grade 420) weldable reinforcing steel.

W
1
0

4
P/S# P/S Name City, State Eff Date Status

5652-01
5652-01 Evraz Rocky Mountain Steel North America Pueblo, Co 07/09/10 CERT
Bar, Deform Billet Soft Metric
ASTM A-706 Weldable Steel.

5
13

W
X

4
W
X

0
1

4
13

W
X

4
W
X

S
0

4
1
P/S# P/S Name City, State Eff Date Status

6024-02
6024-02 Gerdau AmeriSteel Charlotte, NC 02/13/09 CERT
Bar, Deform Billet Soft Metric
Grade ASTM A-706 weldable reinforcing steel, upper bar old design.

13

W
C

4
W
1
3

4
13

W
C

4
C
C C 13 W 4
P/S# P/S Name City, State Eff Date Status

6024-04
6024-04 Gerdau AmeriSteel Knoxville, TN 02/13/09 CERT
Bar, Deform Billet Soft Metric
A-706 Grade 420 ( Grade 60 ) bar.

C
C T 19 W 4
P/S# P/S Name City, State Eff Date Status

6024-15
6024-15 Gerdau AmeriSteel Vidor, TX 02/13/09 CERT
Bar, Deform Billet Soft Metric
ASTM A-706 Weldable Steel

W
S
1

4
C

W
C
B

S
3
1

4
P/S# P/S Name City, State Eff Date Status

6351-05
6351-05 ArcelorMittal USA East Chicago, Indiana 10/25/13 CERT
Bar, Deform Billet English
Coiled Bar: ASTM A-706 Grade 420 (Grade 60).

W
4

0
S

6
 ASME B31.3-2020
Table 341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria for Welds — Visual and Radiographic Examination
Criteria (A to M) for Types of Welds and for Service Conditions [Note (1)]
Normal and Category M Fluid
Service Severe Cyclic Conditions Category D Fluid Service Examination Methods
Girth, Girth,
Miter Miter
Groove, and Groove, and Girth
Branch Longitudinal Branch and Branch
Connection Groove Fillet Connection Longitudinal Fillet Miter Longitudinal Fillet Connection
Welds Weld Weld Welds Groove Weld Weld Groove Groove Weld Weld Weld
[Note (2)] [Note (3)] [Note (4)] [Note (2)] [Note (3)] [Note (4)] Welds [Note (3)] [Note (4)] [Note (2)] Weld Imperfection Visual Radiography
A A A A A A A A A A Crack ✓ ✓
A A A A A A C A N/A A Lack of fusion ✓ ✓
B A N/A A A N/A C A N/A B Incomplete penetration ✓ ✓
E E N/A D D N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Rounded Indications … ✓
G G N/A F F N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Linear indications … ✓
H A H A A A I A H H Undercutting ✓ ✓
A A A A A A A A A A Surface porosity or exposed slag ✓ …
inclusion [Note (5)]

ASME B31.3-2020
N/A N/A N/A J J J N/A N/A N/A N/A Surface finish ✓ …
K K N/A K K N/A K K N/A K Concave surface, concave root, or ✓ ✓
burn-through
84

L L L L L L M M M M Weld reinforcement or internal ✓ …

protrusion
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) Weld imperfections are evaluated by one or more of the types of examination methods given, as specified in paras. 341.4.1, 341.4.2, 341.4.3, and M341.4, or by the engineering design.
(b) “N/A” indicates the Code does not establish acceptance criteria or does not require evaluation of this kind of imperfection for this type of weld.
(c) Check (✓) indicates examination method generally used for evaluating this kind of weld imperfection.
(d) Ellipsis (…) indicates examination method not generally used for evaluating this kind of weld imperfection.
NOTES:
(1) Criteria given are for required examination. More-stringent criteria may be specified in the engineering design. See also paras. 341.5 and 341.5.3.
(2) Branch connection weld includes pressure containing welds in branches and fabricated laps.
(3) Longitudinal groove weld includes straight and spiral (helical) seam. Criteria are not intended to apply to welds made in accordance with a standard listed in Table A-1, Table A-1M, or Table
326.1. Alternative Leak Test requires examination of these welds; see para. 345.9.
(4) Fillet weld includes socket and seal welds, and attachment welds for slip-on flanges, branch reinforcement, and supports.
(5) These imperfections are evaluated only for welds ≤5 mm (3∕16 in.) in nominal thickness.
 ASME B31.3-2020

Criterion Value Notes for Table 341.3.2

Criterion
Symbol Measure Acceptable Value Limits [Note (1)]
A Extent of imperfection Zero (no evident imperfection)
B Cumulative length of incomplete penetration ≤38 mm (1.5 in.) in any 150 mm (6 in.) weld length
or 25% of total weld length, whichever is less
C Cumulative length of lack of fusion and incomplete ≤38 mm (1.5 in.) in any 150 mm (6 in.) weld length
penetration or 25% of total weld length, whichever is less
D Size and distribution of rounded indications See ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 1, Appendix 4 [Note (2)]
E Size and distribution of rounded indications For Tw 6 mm (1∕4 in.), limit is same as D [Note (2)]
For Tw > 6 mm (1∕4 in.), limit is 1.5 × D [Note (2)]
F Linear indications
Individual length Tw/3
Individual width ≤2.5 mm (3∕32 in.) and Tw/3
Cumulative length Tw in any 12 Tw weld length [Note (2)]
G Linear indications
Individual length 2Tw

ASME B31.3-2020
Individual width ≤3 mm (1∕8 in.) and Tw/2
Cumulative length 4Tw in any 150 mm (6 in.) weld length [Note (2)]
85

H Depth of undercut ≤1 mm (1∕32 in.) and Tw/4

Cumulative length of internal and external undercut ≤38 mm (1.5 in.) in any 150 mm (6 in.) weld length
or 25% of total weld length, whichever is less
I Depth of undercut ≤1.5 mm (1∕16 in.) and [Tw/4 or 1 mm (1∕32 in.)]
Cumulative length of internal and external undercut ≤38 mm (1.5 in.) in any 150 mm (6 in.) weld length
or 25% of total weld length, whichever is less
J Surface roughness ≤12.5 μm (500 μin.) Ra in accordance with ASME B46.1
K Depth of surface concavity, root concavity, or Total joint thickness, including weld reinforcement, Tw [Notes (3) and (4)]
burn-through
L Height of reinforcement or internal protrusion [Note (5)] in For Tw , mm (in.) Height, mm (in.)
any plane through the weld shall be within limits of 1
≤6 ( ∕4) ≤1.5 (1∕16)
the applicable height value in the tabulation at right,
1 1
except as provided in Note (6). Weld metal shall merge >6 ( ∕4), ≤13 ( ∕2) ≤3 (1∕8)
1
smoothly into the component surfaces. >13 ( ∕2), ≤25 (1) ≤4 (5∕32)
>25 (1) ≤5 (3∕16)
M Height of reinforcement or internal protrusion [Note (5)] Limit is twice the value applicable for L above
as described in L. Note (6) does not apply.
NOTES:
(1) Where two limiting values are separated by “and,” the lesser of the values determines acceptance. Where two sets of values are separated by “or,” the larger value is acceptable. Tw is the nominal
wall thickness of the thinner of two components joined by a butt weld.
 ASME B31.3-2020
Criterion Value Notes for Table 341.3.2 (Cont’d)
NOTES: (Cont’d)
(2) Porosity and inclusions such as slag or tungsten are defined as rounded indications where the maximum length is three times the width or less. These indications may be circular, elliptical, or
irregular in shape; may have tails; and may vary in density. Indications where the length is greater than three times the width are defined as linear indications and may also be slag, porosity, or
tungsten.
(3) For circumferential groove welded joints in pipe, tube, and headers made entirely without the addition of filler metal, external concavity shall not exceed the lesser of 1 mm (1∕32 in.) or 10% of the
joint nominal thickness. The contour of the concavity shall blend smoothly with the base metal. The total joint thickness, including any reinforcement, shall not be less than the minimum wall
thickness, tm.
(4) For radiography, acceptability may be determined by comparing the density of the image through the affected area to the density through the adjacent base metal ( Tw ). If digital radiography is
used, brightness comparison may be utilized. A density or brightness darker than the adjacent base metal is cause for rejection.
(5) For groove welds, height is the lesser of the measurements made from the surfaces of the adjacent components; both reinforcement and internal protrusion are permitted in a weld. For fillet
welds, height is measured from the theoretical throat, Figure 328.5.2A; internal protrusion does not apply.
(6) For welds in aluminum alloy only, internal protrusion shall not exceed the following values:
(a) 1.5 mm (1∕16 in.) for thickness ≤2 mm (5∕64 in.)
(b) 2.5 mm (3∕32 in.) for thickness >2 mm and ≤6 mm (1∕4 in.)
For external reinforcement and for greater thicknesses, see the tabulation for symbol L.

ASME B31.3-2020
344.6 Ultrasonic Examination
86

344.6.2 Acceptance Criteria. Acceptance criteria shall be as described

in (a) or (b).

(a) A discontinuity is unacceptable if the amplitude of the indication

exceeds the reference level and its length exceeds

(1) 1⁄4 in. for Tw < 3⁄4 in.

(2) Tw/3 for 3⁄4 in. <Tw 21⁄4 in.

(3) 3⁄4 in. for Tw > 21⁄4 in.

(b) The fracture-mechanics-based ultrasonic examination accep-

tance criteria in Appendix R may be used if all requirements of Appen-
dix R are met.