Chapter 17
Chapter 17
01717-700168
01773-603136
Avqkv wmwÏKv gv`&ivmv msjMœ (gywÝcvov) 01331-976608
KvgvZ Av½vwiqv, f~iæ½vgvix,KzwoMÖvg|
mß`k Aa¨vq
cwimsL¨vb
cvV m¤úwK©Z MyiæZ¡c~Y© welqvw`
(Cumulative Frequency) :
x-
y-
(a)
u=
fiui
x=a+ h x a fi i- uifi = i h=
n
n x1, x2,......, xn w1, w2,....., wn
n
xiwi
i=1
xw =
n
wi
i=1
n n
n+1
2
n
n
2 (n2 + 1)
n n
n, 2 2
L+ (n2 F ) fh ,
c
m
L n Fc
fm h
f1
L+
f1+ f2
h L f1
f2
h=
(n ) h
L + 2 Fc f
m
L+(n2 f ) Fh m
m
L+ (n2 F ) h
c
m
n,
L, Fc
fiui a=
x=a+ h
n
fi =
1
L+
1 + 2
h ui =
h=
x- y-
(fi)
OX OY x y- O
n=
(fi) xi a x- y-
ui =
h
(xi) (fiui)
n= fiui
Y
n=
n=
X
O
XOX YOY x- y- O
x-
y-
n=
Y
60 n
=
55 2
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
L= Fc fm = d
(n2 F ) fd
15
10 L+ c
m
05
O 01 11 21 31 41 51 61 X
f1
L+ d
f1 + f2
xi a
(xi) (fi) ui =
h (fi ui
L
f1
f2
d
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
i ii i iii ii iii i, ii iii
50
n
n=
=L+ (n2 F ) fh c
m
n
=
2
L= Fc = m = d=
f1
ii. L+ h
f1 + f 2
K L M n+1
iii.
n 2
n n1
K L
2 2 i ii Li iii M ii iii N i, ii iii
n+1 n+2
2
N
2
i. fm 10
ii. Fc 13
K M N
iii. f1 f2 3 2
K L N
K L N K M N
K L M
23C, 26C, 29C,
25C, 27C, 30C 29C
K 26C 27C M 28C N 29C f1 + f2 f2
K L+ h L L+ h
f1 f1 + f2
f1 f1
L+ h N L+
f1 + f2 f1 + f2
K L M L= h= f1 f2
Fc L M N
L
M N 21 – 30 31 – 40 41 – 50 51 – 60
15 25 35 45
L M N
Fe
K 25 L 35 40 N 45
f2
45 L 35 M 10 N0 K M N
6 – 10 11 – 15 16 – 20 21 – 25 26 – 30 K M N
6 7 10 8 5
6 – 10 11 – 15 16 – 20 21 – 25
K 36 L 31 23 N 10 4 10 15 6
1 22 3
K9 12 M 15 N 18
i. 18
ii. 25
iii. 29
21 – 30 31 – 40 41 – 50 51 – 60
Ki Li ii i iii N i, ii iii
15 25 35 45
K L N
K
K M N
M N
L M N
L M N
L M N
µg‡hvwRZ MYmsL¨v
K mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
M N
K L N
L M N K
M N
K L N
ii
iii
i ii Li iii M ii iii N i, ii iii
i
K L N
ii
iii
K L M
Ki ii i iii M ii iii N i, ii iii
PjK i
ii
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
iii
L M N
i ii Li iii M ii iii N i, ii iii
K L
i
M
ii
iii
K M N
K
i
M
ii
N
iii
Dcv‡Ëi †jLwPÎ
i
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi ii
iii
K L M
K
M N
Y
x
K
M N
L
M N
O
L M N X
K n) L 1
N K L N
L
M N
K M N
K L
M
Y
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
i
ii
iii
X X
n n n n
Y xiwi xiwi xiwi xiwi
i=1 i=1 i=1 1 i=1
K n M N
n n n n n
L M N
wi wi wi
i=1 i=1 i=1
f x
x =a+ i ih a
L M N n
K L N K
M N
†K›`ªxq cÖeYZv
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K M N
L
xi
M N
xi
n
=
K M N
K
K L N
M N
K M N
, ,
2 K L M
xia
L 2 ui h
2=
h
h , (
,
M 2
K M N i
ii
iii
i
a= , fixi = h=
ii
n= x iii
K
M N
ixi Ki ii i iii M ii iii N i, ii iii
x=a+ h
n
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
=
i ii K M N
iii
Ki ii Li iii M ii iii i, ii iii
K L N
fiui
x=a+ h
n
i.
ii. a K L M
iii. fi i- xi =
xi
Ki ii i iii M ii iii N i, ii iii n
=
K M N
n=
K L N
n
2 (n )
+ 2+1
=
K L N K M N
n+1
K L M 2
xi =
xi K M N
n
=
ga¨K n=
n n+1
K K L M
2 2
M
n
2
+1 N
n
2 (n2 + 1) L+ ( ) n
2
Fc
h
f
m
L= n= n= { ( L)m
h
+ Fc }
Fc fm
(
+ =
h=
K L+ (2n + F ) fh
c
m
L L+ (2n f ) Fh
m
c
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
n=
n+
i.
ii.
iii.
Ki ii Li iii M ii iii i, ii iii
L+ (n2 F ) h
c
m
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
i
ii Fc i.
iii m
ii.
K M N
K M N
K L N i
ii
cÖPziK
iii
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
i ii Li iii M ii iii N i, ii iii
K1 L L
M M N
K M N K L N
K L M
K L N
f
L + 1 Ah L
f1 + f2
K L
M
N
K L M K L M
K L N
L M N
Y
K L N
K L N
O X
K M N
K L N
K L
K9 10 M 12 N 13
i L+ (n2 F ) fh
c
m
f1
ii L+ h
f1 + f2
k
1
iii 1=1 fixi
n
L M N
Ki ii Li iii M ii iii iii
1, 5, 3, 2, 4, 9
K L M
i 9
ii 1
K L N
iii 7
19, 20, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17
i ii L ii iii Mi iii N i, ii iii
1575 L 1475 M 145 N 135
K5 L7 6 N8 K 14 L 15 M 19
K5 6 M7 N8
K M N
K L M
K L N
K L N
50
xi − a
(fi) ui =
(xi) h (fiui)
31–40 41–50 51–60 61–70 71–80 81–90 91–100
31 − 40 35.5 6 −3 − 18
6 8 10 12 5 7 2 41 − 50 45.5 8 −2 − 16
51 − 60 55.5 10 −1 − 10
61 − 70 65.5a 12 0 0
71 − 80 75.5 5 1 5
81 − 90 85.5 7 2 14
1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 91 − 100 95.5 2 3 6
n = 50 − 19
a = 65.5
fiui = − 19
31 − 40 6 6
n = 50
41 − 50 8 14 h = 10
51 − 60 10 24 fiui
x=a+ h
61 − 70 12 36 n
71 − 80 5 41 − 19
81 − 90 7 48 = 65.5 + 10
50
91 − 100 2 50 − 19
= 65.5 +
5
= 65.5 − 3.8 a = 455
= 61.7 (Ans.) fiui = 20
n = 60
n 50 h = 10
n = 50 = = 25
2 2 fiui
x=a+ h
25 25 n
20
(61-70) = 45 5 + 10
60
(61-70) = 455 333
L = 61, Fc = 24, fm = 12, h = 10 = 4217. (Ans)
=L+
n
2 (
− Fc
h
fm ) XOX X YOY Y
X
X Y
10
= 61 + (25 − 24) Y
12
10 11
= 61 +
12
= 61.83 (Ans.)
20
→
10
10 8
6
5
5 4
11 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb →
11 20 6 6
31–40 41–50 51–60 61–70 71–80 81–90 91–100
21 30 10 16
31 40 12 28 4 10 18 23 13 9 3
41 50 15 43
51 60 8 51
61 70 5 56
71 80 4 60
n = 60 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
n = 60
n 60
L+ (n2 F ) fh
c
m
∴ = = 30 L=
2 2
30 30 (41 n
– 50) Fc
h=
fm
(xi) (fi) ui =
xi a fiui
h
11 20 155 6 3 18
xi a fiui
21 30 255 10 2 20 (xi) (fi) ui =
h
31 40 355 12 1 12 31 – 40 35.5 4 3 12
41 50 455 15 0 0
41 – 50 45.5 10 2 20
51 60 555 8 1 8
51 – 60 55.5 18 1 18
61 70 655 5 2 10
61 – 70 a 65.5 23 0 0
71 80 755 4 3 12
71 – 80 75.5 13 1 13
n = 60 20 81 – 90 85.5 9 2 18
91 – 100 95.5 3 3 9 31-35 2
n = 80 fiui 36-40 2
fiui 41-45 2
x=a+ h
n 46-50 1
10 51-55 4
= 65.5 + 10
80 56-60 2
= 64.25 20
31 – 40 35.5 4 xi − a
41 – 50 45.5 10 (fi) (xi) ui =
h fi ui
51 – 60 55.5 18 16 – 20 3 18 −4 − 12
61 – 70 65.5 23 21 – 25 3 23 −3 −9
71 – 80 75.5 13 26 – 30 1 28 −2 −2
81 – 90 85.5 9 31 – 35 2 33 −1 −2
91 – 100 95.5 3 36 – 40 2 38 (a) 0 0
X 2 41 – 45 2 43 1 2
Y- 1 45 – 50 1 48 2 2
51 – 55 4 53 3 12
35.5
56 – 60 2 58 4 8
X- 20 −1
Y
a = 38
20
15
– fiui
x =a+ h
10 n
5 −1
= 38 + 5
20
0
O X
35.5 45.5 55.5 65.5 75.5 85.5 95.5 −1
= 38 +
4
= 38 − 025
20 = 37 75 (Ans.)
45 40 25 20 16 50 55 35 40 60
58 52 32 18 22 25 53 51 30 44
16 – 20 3 3
21 – 25 3 6
26 – 30 1 7
31 – 35 2 9
36 – 40 2 11
41 – 45 2 13
4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 46 – 50 1 14
51 – 55 4 18
56 – 60 2 20
60
X Y
16
X Y
(60 − 16) + 1
45
45
= 9.
5
16-20 3
21-25 3
26-30 1
Y
0 16 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
X
X
Y
2
L=
1 =
2 =
h=
6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
fixi
(xi) (fi)
∴
∴
n=
7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
n
n=
2
L= Fc = fm = h=
xi − a fiui
xi fi ui =
h
−a
fiui
−
x=a+
n
h
X-
Y-
X-
(Ans.)
n
n
n= =
n
L= fm = Fc = h= n=
L+ (n2 − F ) fh
c
m
n
n
n 2
(Ans.)
L= Fc = fm = h=
= L+ (n2 − F )) fmh
c
=
= (Ans.)
X Y X
8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb Y
11 – 20 21 – 30 31 – 40 41 – 50 51 – 60
4 16 20 25 15
9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
11 – 20 15.5 4 4
10bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
21 – 30 25.5 16 20
31 – 40 35.5 20 40
= 21 16 = 5
41 – 50 45.5 25 65
51 – 60 55.5 15 80 Ans.)
16 – 20 5 5
i ui
21 – 25 15 20
xi xi a iui 26 – 30 25 45
=
h
31 – 35 22 67
11 – 20 15.5 4 3 12
36 – 40 20 87
21 – 30 25.5 16 2 32 41 – 45 5 92
31 – 40 35.5 20 1 20 46 – 50 3 95
41 – 50 45.5 25 0 0
X
51 – 60 55.5 15 1 15
n = 80 iui = 49 Y
u ( 49)
x = a + ni i h = 455 + 80 10 = 455 6125
= 39375 (Ans.) 100
Y
90
80
11-20 4 4
70
21-30 16 20
31-40 20 40 60
41-50 25 65 50
51-60 15 80
40
n= 80
30
n 80
n = 80 = = 40
2 2
20
40 31 40)
10
(3140)
O Y
L = 31 X 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Fc= 20
m = 20
h = 10
L (n2 F ) h
c
m
= 31 + (40 20)
10
20
(ui)
= 31 + 10 = 41 (Ans.) (i) x –a
(xi) = i iui)
h
50
16 – 20 18 5 2 15
21 – 25 23 15 2 30
16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 26 – 30 28 25 1 25
31 – 35 33 (a) 22 0 0
36 – 40 38 20 1 20
5 15 25 22 20 5 3
41 – 45 43 5 2 10
46 – 50 48 3 3 9
iui = 31
iui 31
x=a+
n
h = 33 +
95
5 +
a = 33
= 33 163 = 3136 (Ans.) h =
=5
(Ans.)
(Ans.)
L+ (n2 F ) hc
m
L=
n
=
2
Fc
fm =
h=
ixi
i xi
(Ans.)
1
L+ h
1 + 2
L=
f1
f2
h=
1
L+ h
1 + 2
n = 25 i xi n = 40 ixi 3130
n
ixi 3130
ixi n
=
40
= 7825 (Ans.)
i=1
x=
n
= (Ans.)
1 (xi)
=L+ h
1 + 2 6165 3
6670 6
7175 6
7680 9
L= 9
8185
1 8690 3
9195 2
h= 96100 2
OX OY
1
L+
1 + 2
h
OX 1 1
OY 5 1
Y
(Ans.)
9
8
61, 99, 62, 65, 98, 95, 81, 85, 90, 70
7
77, 80, 75, 66, 68, 69, 73, 77, 82, 85
87, 90, 92, 68, 70, 71, 72, 77, 78, 80 6
2
13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
1
99
61
O 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 10 X
99 61) + 1 = 38 + 1 = 39
5
39 76
= 7·8
5
8 Ans.) 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100
2 5 13 12 11 18 5 4 4 2
fixi
(xi) (fi)
6165 63 3 189
68 6 408
14bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
6670
7175 73 6 438
7680 78 9 702
8185 83 9 747
8690 88 3 264
9195 93 2 186
96100 98 2 196 i
xi xia 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-500
ui =
h 8 10 15 12 5
iui
1 10 55 2 5 10
11 20 155 5 4 20
21 30 255 13 3 39
31 40 355 12 2 24
41 50 455 11 1 11
51 60 555 18 0 0 15bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
61 70 655 5 1 5
iui
71 80 755 4 2 8 x=a+ h
n
a=
81 90 855 4 3 12
91 100 955 2 4 8 i = i
76 71 iui = i
n = 76 h=
iui 71
x=a+
n
h = 555 +
76
10
710
= 555 = 555 934 51-60 8 8
76
61-70 10 18
= 4616 (Ans.)
71-80 15 33
81-90 12 45
110 2 2
91-100 5 50
1120 5 7
h n = 50
2130 13 20 = 25
2
3140 12 32
25 125 (7180)
4150 11 43
5160 18 61 (7180).
L 41 81-90 805905 12
91-100 9051005 5
Fc = 32
m 11
X Y
h= 10
X
L+ ( n
2
Fc )
h
m 505
10
= 41 + (38 32)
11
= 41 + (6 1011)
= 41 + 545
= 4645 (Ans.)
31 – 40 355 5 3 15
41 – 50 455 11 2 22
51 – 60 555 12 1 12
61 – 70 655 15 0 0
71 – 80 755 10 1 10
81 – 90 855 5 2 10
91 – 100 955 2 3 6
n = 60 i ui 23
a = 655 h = 10
iui 23
x=a+
n
h = 655 +
60
10 = 6167
60
i
31–40 41–50 51–60 61–70 71–80 81–90 91–100 31 – 40 5 5
41 – 50 11 16
5 11 12 15 10 5 2
51 – 60 12 28
61 – 70 15 43
71 – 80 10 53
81 – 90 5 58
91 – 100 2 60
16bs cª‡kœi mgvavb n = i = 60
15 (6170) n 60
n = 60 = = 30
2 2
(61 71)
6171 30 30 (61
2
= 655
70) 61 70)
L= 61 m = 15, Fc = 28, h = 10
x a
L+ (n2 F ) h = 61 + (30 28) 1015 = 6233
c
m
xi i ui = i (Ans.)
h iui
17bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
19bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
X-
Y-
X-
Y Y
X
X-
Y-
n=
n=
n
n= =
n 2
n=
2
L
L
Fc = 0
Fc 0
[
fm = h=
fm = h=
L+ (n2 F ) fh
( )
c
n h
L+
2
Fc
fm
m
=
X-
Y-
X-
Y
X
X-
Y-
23bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
Y
X
X
X-
Y-
X
(Ans.)
X
xi
xi fi ui =
xi a
fiui
h
xia
(fi) ui = fiui
(xi) h
fiui =
fiui
x=a+
n
h
a= n=
h=
x=
n fiui
n
fiui
i=1
x=a+
n
h=
25bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
(xi)
Y
(n2 F ) h
L+ c
m
n X
= = ;
2
L=
Fc
m
27bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
h=
1
L+ h
1 + 2
L
n=
1 =
n+
=
n
2 =
=
L= Fc m h=
L+ (n2 F ) h
c
m
=
Y
0 X
x w
xi wi xiwi
5
xiwi
i=1
xw = =
5
w
i
i=1
f1
L+
f 1 + f2 h
Y
L f1 f2
90
X O X
Y
x 1 1 y- xi a
ui = fi u i
(xi) (fi) c
1 2
xi a
ui = fi u i
(xi) (fi) c fiui a
x=a+ h
n
h
fi
n
a
fi fiui
x
y-
x-
L + (n
2
Fc ) h ; m
L
n Fc
m h
X O X
Y
i) xi ixi
n= ixi =
ixi
x=
n
=
L+ ( n
2
Fc )
h
m
65 – 69
70 – 74
8
6
54
60
n = 60
n 60
= = 30
2 2
30 30
(6064) (6064)
L = 60, c = 26, m = 20 h=5
L+ (n2 f ) fh
c
m
5
= 60 + (30 26)
20
5
= 60 + 4
20
= 60 + 1 = 61
(6064),
L = 60,
f1 = 20 10 = 10
f2 = 20 8 = 12
1 h=5
L+ h
1 + 2
f
L+ h
f1 + f2
10
= 60 + 5
10 + 12 33bs cª‡kœi mgvavb
50
= 60 + = 60 + 227 = 6227 n
22 n 2
61 6227
n
2
= L+ (2n – f ) × mh
c L
n fc
45 – 49 445 495 47 4
fm h
50 54 495 545 52 12
55 59 545 595 57 10
60 – 64 595 645 62 20
65 – 69 645 695 67 8
70 – 74 695 745 72 6
xi i xi – a
X ui =
h iui)
Y
3140 355 6 –3 –18
X 44.5
4150 455 8 –2 –16
445
5160 555 10 –1 –10
6170 a 655 12 0 0
Y 755 5 1 5
7180
20
8190 855 7 2 14
15
91–100 955 2 3 6
10
iui
x=a+ h
5 n
(19)
= 655 + 10 = 655 38 = 617
X
O 445 495 545 595 645 695 745 X
50
Y
617
Y
20
31 – 40 305 405 6
41 50 405 505 8
15
51 60 505 605 10
10 61 70 605 705 12
5 71 80 705 805 5
81 90 805 905 7
O 91 – 100 905 1005 2
X 445 495 545 595 645 695 745 X
Y
x
50 y
305 305
6 8 10 12 5 7 2
Y 5000 + 6000 + 7000 + 8000 + 9000
5
35000
5 7000
20
15
10
35000
5
X O 305 405 505 605 705 805 905 1005 X
Y
8000 7000
5
6000
7000, 8000, 9000, 5000 6000 9000
5000
7000
7000 360 = 72
35000
8000
34bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 8000
35000
360 = 8229
9000
9000 360 = 9257
35000
5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000
5000
7000 5000 360 = 5143
35000
6000
6000 360 = 6171
35000
20 59.75
60
iui
x =a+ h 62 62778
n
25 Y
20
15
10