6/14/2021 2:36:59 PM

附錄：統計表
附錄：統計表 ............................................................................................................................................................1
二項分布累計機率表(Cumulative binomial distribution) ................................................................................ 1
卜瓦松分布累積機率表(Cumulative Poisson distribution) ............................................................................. 4
標準常態分佈累積機率表(Cumulative standard normal distribution) ............................................................ 8
t 分布之 t 值表(右單尾分布).......................................................................................................................... 10
四位數亂數表 ..................................................................................................................................................11
卡方分布臨界值表 ......................................................................................................................................... 12
F-分布臨界值表 ............................................................................................................................................. 12
鄧肯法(Duncan method)臨界值表或鄧氏多變域臨界值表.......................................................................... 19
杜凱表(Tukey method table) ........................................................................................................................... 21
魏克森(Wilcoxon)符號等級檢定臨界值表–配對母體 ................................................................................. 22
魏克森等級和檢定表(Wilcoxon rank sum table) ........................................................................................... 22
曼–懷特尼 U 檢定統計機率表 ...................................................................................................................... 23
連檢定累計機率表 P(R ≤ r) ........................................................................................................................... 27
Spearman 等級相關係數臨界值表 ................................................................................................................ 29

二項分布累計機率表(Cumulative binomial distribution)

𝑛
Fx(t) = P(X ≤ t) = ∑𝑡𝑥=0 ( ) × px × qn-x
𝑥
機率 p
n t 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95
1 0 0.9500 0.9000 0.8500 0.8000 0.7500 0.7000 0.6500 0.6000 0.5500 0.5000 0.4500 0.4000 0.3500 0.3000 0.2500 0.2000 0.1500 0.1000 0.0500
1 1 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
2 0 0.9025 0.8100 0.7225 0.6400 0.5625 0.4900 0.4225 0.3600 0.3025 0.2500 0.2025 0.1600 0.1225 0.0900 0.0625 0.0400 0.0225 0.0100 0.0025
2 1 0.9975 0.9900 0.9775 0.9600 0.9375 0.9100 0.8775 0.8400 0.7975 0.7500 0.6975 0.6400 0.5775 0.5100 0.4375 0.3600 0.2775 0.1900 0.0975
2 2 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
3 0 0.8574 0.7290 0.6141 0.5120 0.4219 0.3430 0.2746 0.2160 0.1664 0.1250 0.0911 0.0640 0.0429 0.0270 0.0156 0.0080 0.0034 0.0010 0.0001
3 1 0.9928 0.9720 0.9393 0.8960 0.8438 0.7840 0.7183 0.6480 0.5748 0.5000 0.4253 0.3520 0.2818 0.2160 0.1563 0.1040 0.0608 0.0280 0.0073
3 2 0.9999 0.9990 0.9966 0.9920 0.9844 0.9730 0.9571 0.9360 0.9089 0.8750 0.8336 0.7840 0.7254 0.6570 0.5781 0.4880 0.3859 0.2710 0.1426
3 3 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
4 0 0.8145 0.6561 0.5220 0.4096 0.3164 0.2401 0.1785 0.1296 0.0915 0.0625 0.0410 0.0256 0.0150 0.0081 0.0039 0.0016 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000
4 1 0.9860 0.9477 0.8905 0.8192 0.7383 0.6517 0.5630 0.4752 0.3910 0.3125 0.2415 0.1792 0.1265 0.0837 0.0508 0.0272 0.0120 0.0037 0.0005
4 2 0.9995 0.9963 0.9880 0.9728 0.9492 0.9163 0.8735 0.8208 0.7585 0.6875 0.6090 0.5248 0.4370 0.3483 0.2617 0.1808 0.1095 0.0523 0.0140
4 3 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995 0.9984 0.9961 0.9919 0.9850 0.9744 0.9590 0.9375 0.9085 0.8704 0.8215 0.7599 0.6836 0.5904 0.4780 0.3439 0.1855
4 4 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
5 0 0.7738 0.5905 0.4437 0.3277 0.2373 0.1681 0.1160 0.0778 0.0503 0.0313 0.0185 0.0102 0.0053 0.0024 0.0010 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
5 1 0.9774 0.9185 0.8352 0.7373 0.6328 0.5282 0.4284 0.3370 0.2562 0.1875 0.1312 0.0870 0.0540 0.0308 0.0156 0.0067 0.0022 0.0005 0.0000
5 2 0.9988 0.9914 0.9734 0.9421 0.8965 0.8369 0.7648 0.6826 0.5931 0.5000 0.4069 0.3174 0.2352 0.1631 0.1035 0.0579 0.0266 0.0086 0.0012
5 3 1.0000 0.9995 0.9978 0.9933 0.9844 0.9692 0.9460 0.9130 0.8688 0.8125 0.7438 0.6630 0.5716 0.4718 0.3672 0.2627 0.1648 0.0815 0.0226
5 4 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9990 0.9976 0.9947 0.9898 0.9815 0.9688 0.9497 0.9222 0.8840 0.8319 0.7627 0.6723 0.5563 0.4095 0.2262
5 5 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
6 0 0.7351 0.5314 0.3771 0.2621 0.1780 0.1176 0.0754 0.0467 0.0277 0.0156 0.0083 0.0041 0.0018 0.0007 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
6 1 0.9672 0.8857 0.7765 0.6554 0.5339 0.4202 0.3191 0.2333 0.1636 0.1094 0.0692 0.0410 0.0223 0.0109 0.0046 0.0016 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000
6 2 0.9978 0.9842 0.9527 0.9011 0.8306 0.7443 0.6471 0.5443 0.4415 0.3438 0.2553 0.1792 0.1174 0.0705 0.0376 0.0170 0.0059 0.0013 0.0001
6 3 0.9999 0.9987 0.9941 0.9830 0.9624 0.9295 0.8826 0.8208 0.7447 0.6563 0.5585 0.4557 0.3529 0.2557 0.1694 0.0989 0.0473 0.0159 0.0022
6 4 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9984 0.9954 0.9891 0.9777 0.9590 0.9308 0.8906 0.8364 0.7667 0.6809 0.5798 0.4661 0.3446 0.2235 0.1143 0.0328
6 5 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9993 0.9982 0.9959 0.9917 0.9844 0.9723 0.9533 0.9246 0.8824 0.8220 0.7379 0.6229 0.4686 0.2649
6 6 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
7 0 0.6983 0.4783 0.3206 0.2097 0.1335 0.0824 0.0490 0.0280 0.0152 0.0078 0.0037 0.0016 0.0006 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
7 1 0.9556 0.8503 0.7166 0.5767 0.4449 0.3294 0.2338 0.1586 0.1024 0.0625 0.0357 0.0188 0.0090 0.0038 0.0013 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
7 2 0.9962 0.9743 0.9262 0.8520 0.7564 0.6471 0.5323 0.4199 0.3164 0.2266 0.1529 0.0963 0.0556 0.0288 0.0129 0.0047 0.0012 0.0002 0.0000
7 3 0.9998 0.9973 0.9879 0.9667 0.9294 0.8740 0.8002 0.7102 0.6083 0.5000 0.3917 0.2898 0.1998 0.1260 0.0706 0.0333 0.0121 0.0027 0.0002
7 4 1.0000 0.9998 0.9988 0.9953 0.9871 0.9712 0.9444 0.9037 0.8471 0.7734 0.6836 0.5801 0.4677 0.3529 0.2436 0.1480 0.0738 0.0257 0.0038
7 5 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9987 0.9962 0.9910 0.9812 0.9643 0.9375 0.8976 0.8414 0.7662 0.6706 0.5551 0.4233 0.2834 0.1497 0.0444
7 6 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9994 0.9984 0.9963 0.9922 0.9848 0.9720 0.9510 0.9176 0.8665 0.7903 0.6794 0.5217 0.3017
7 7 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
8 0 0.6634 0.4305 0.2725 0.1678 0.1001 0.0576 0.0319 0.0168 0.0084 0.0039 0.0017 0.0007 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
8 1 0.9428 0.8131 0.6572 0.5033 0.3671 0.2553 0.1691 0.1064 0.0632 0.0352 0.0181 0.0085 0.0036 0.0013 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
8 2 0.9942 0.9619 0.8948 0.7969 0.6785 0.5518 0.4278 0.3154 0.2201 0.1445 0.0885 0.0498 0.0253 0.0113 0.0042 0.0012 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000
8 3 0.9996 0.9950 0.9786 0.9437 0.8862 0.8059 0.7064 0.5941 0.4770 0.3633 0.2604 0.1737 0.1061 0.0580 0.0273 0.0104 0.0029 0.0004 0.0000
8 4 1.0000 0.9996 0.9971 0.9896 0.9727 0.9420 0.8939 0.8263 0.7396 0.6367 0.5230 0.4059 0.2936 0.1941 0.1138 0.0563 0.0214 0.0050 0.0004
1
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機率 p
n t 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95
8 5 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9988 0.9958 0.9887 0.9747 0.9502 0.9115 0.8555 0.7799 0.6846 0.5722 0.4482 0.3215 0.2031 0.1052 0.0381 0.0058
8 6 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9987 0.9964 0.9915 0.9819 0.9648 0.9368 0.8936 0.8309 0.7447 0.6329 0.4967 0.3428 0.1869 0.0572
8 7 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9993 0.9983 0.9961 0.9916 0.9832 0.9681 0.9424 0.8999 0.8322 0.7275 0.5695 0.3366
8 8 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
9 0 0.6302 0.3874 0.2316 0.1342 0.0751 0.0404 0.0207 0.0101 0.0046 0.0020 0.0008 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
9 1 0.9288 0.7748 0.5995 0.4362 0.3003 0.1960 0.1211 0.0705 0.0385 0.0195 0.0091 0.0038 0.0014 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
9 2 0.9916 0.9470 0.8591 0.7382 0.6007 0.4628 0.3373 0.2318 0.1495 0.0898 0.0498 0.0250 0.0112 0.0043 0.0013 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
9 3 0.9994 0.9917 0.9661 0.9144 0.8343 0.7297 0.6089 0.4826 0.3614 0.2539 0.1658 0.0994 0.0536 0.0253 0.0100 0.0031 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000
9 4 1.0000 0.9991 0.9944 0.9804 0.9511 0.9012 0.8283 0.7334 0.6214 0.5000 0.3786 0.2666 0.1717 0.0988 0.0489 0.0196 0.0056 0.0009 0.0000
9 5 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9969 0.9900 0.9747 0.9464 0.9006 0.8342 0.7461 0.6386 0.5174 0.3911 0.2703 0.1657 0.0856 0.0339 0.0083 0.0006
9 6 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9987 0.9957 0.9888 0.9750 0.9502 0.9102 0.8505 0.7682 0.6627 0.5372 0.3993 0.2618 0.1409 0.0530 0.0084
9 7 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9986 0.9962 0.9909 0.9805 0.9615 0.9295 0.8789 0.8040 0.6997 0.5638 0.4005 0.2252 0.0712
9 8 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9992 0.9980 0.9954 0.9899 0.9793 0.9596 0.9249 0.8658 0.7684 0.6126 0.3698
9 9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
10 0 0.5987 0.3487 0.1969 0.1074 0.0563 0.0282 0.0135 0.0060 0.0025 0.0010 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
10 1 0.9139 0.7361 0.5443 0.3758 0.2440 0.1493 0.0860 0.0464 0.0233 0.0107 0.0045 0.0017 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
10 2 0.9885 0.9298 0.8202 0.6778 0.5256 0.3828 0.2616 0.1673 0.0996 0.0547 0.0274 0.0123 0.0048 0.0016 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
10 3 0.9990 0.9872 0.9500 0.8791 0.7759 0.6496 0.5138 0.3823 0.2660 0.1719 0.1020 0.0548 0.0260 0.0106 0.0035 0.0009 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
10 4 0.9999 0.9984 0.9901 0.9672 0.9219 0.8497 0.7515 0.6331 0.5044 0.3770 0.2616 0.1662 0.0949 0.0473 0.0197 0.0064 0.0014 0.0001 0.0000
10 5 1.0000 0.9999 0.9986 0.9936 0.9803 0.9527 0.9051 0.8338 0.7384 0.6230 0.4956 0.3669 0.2485 0.1503 0.0781 0.0328 0.0099 0.0016 0.0001
10 6 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9991 0.9965 0.9894 0.9740 0.9452 0.8980 0.8281 0.7340 0.6177 0.4862 0.3504 0.2241 0.1209 0.0500 0.0128 0.0010
10 7 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9984 0.9952 0.9877 0.9726 0.9453 0.9004 0.8327 0.7384 0.6172 0.4744 0.3222 0.1798 0.0702 0.0115
10 8 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995 0.9983 0.9955 0.9893 0.9767 0.9536 0.9140 0.8507 0.7560 0.6242 0.4557 0.2639 0.0861
10 9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9990 0.9975 0.9940 0.9865 0.9718 0.9437 0.8926 0.8031 0.6513 0.4013
10 10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
11 0 0.5688 0.3138 0.1673 0.0859 0.0422 0.0198 0.0088 0.0036 0.0014 0.0005 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
11 1 0.8981 0.6974 0.4922 0.3221 0.1971 0.1130 0.0606 0.0302 0.0139 0.0059 0.0022 0.0007 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
11 2 0.9848 0.9104 0.7788 0.6174 0.4552 0.3127 0.2001 0.1189 0.0652 0.0327 0.0148 0.0059 0.0020 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
11 3 0.9984 0.9815 0.9306 0.8389 0.7133 0.5696 0.4256 0.2963 0.1911 0.1133 0.0610 0.0293 0.0122 0.0043 0.0012 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
11 4 0.9999 0.9972 0.9841 0.9496 0.8854 0.7897 0.6683 0.5328 0.3971 0.2744 0.1738 0.0994 0.0501 0.0216 0.0076 0.0020 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000
11 5 1.0000 0.9997 0.9973 0.9883 0.9657 0.9218 0.8513 0.7535 0.6331 0.5000 0.3669 0.2465 0.1487 0.0782 0.0343 0.0117 0.0027 0.0003 0.0000
11 6 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9980 0.9924 0.9784 0.9499 0.9006 0.8262 0.7256 0.6029 0.4672 0.3317 0.2103 0.1146 0.0504 0.0159 0.0028 0.0001
11 7 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9988 0.9957 0.9878 0.9707 0.9390 0.8867 0.8089 0.7037 0.5744 0.4304 0.2867 0.1611 0.0694 0.0185 0.0016
11 8 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9980 0.9941 0.9852 0.9673 0.9348 0.8811 0.7999 0.6873 0.5448 0.3826 0.2212 0.0896 0.0152
11 9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9993 0.9978 0.9941 0.9861 0.9698 0.9394 0.8870 0.8029 0.6779 0.5078 0.3026 0.1019
11 10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9995 0.9986 0.9964 0.9912 0.9802 0.9578 0.9141 0.8327 0.6862 0.4312
11 11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
12 0 0.5404 0.2824 0.1422 0.0687 0.0317 0.0138 0.0057 0.0022 0.0008 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
12 1 0.8816 0.6590 0.4435 0.2749 0.1584 0.0850 0.0424 0.0196 0.0083 0.0032 0.0011 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
12 2 0.9804 0.8891 0.7358 0.5583 0.3907 0.2528 0.1513 0.0834 0.0421 0.0193 0.0079 0.0028 0.0008 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
12 3 0.9978 0.9744 0.9078 0.7946 0.6488 0.4925 0.3467 0.2253 0.1345 0.0730 0.0356 0.0153 0.0056 0.0017 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
12 4 0.9998 0.9957 0.9761 0.9274 0.8424 0.7237 0.5833 0.4382 0.3044 0.1938 0.1117 0.0573 0.0255 0.0095 0.0028 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
12 5 1.0000 0.9995 0.9954 0.9806 0.9456 0.8822 0.7873 0.6652 0.5269 0.3872 0.2607 0.1582 0.0846 0.0386 0.0143 0.0039 0.0007 0.0001 0.0000
12 6 1.0000 0.9999 0.9993 0.9961 0.9857 0.9614 0.9154 0.8418 0.7393 0.6128 0.4731 0.3348 0.2127 0.1178 0.0544 0.0194 0.0046 0.0005 0.0000
12 7 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9972 0.9905 0.9745 0.9427 0.8883 0.8062 0.6956 0.5618 0.4167 0.2763 0.1576 0.0726 0.0239 0.0043 0.0002
12 8 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9983 0.9944 0.9847 0.9644 0.9270 0.8655 0.7747 0.6533 0.5075 0.3512 0.2054 0.0922 0.0256 0.0022
12 9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9992 0.9972 0.9921 0.9807 0.9579 0.9166 0.8487 0.7472 0.6093 0.4417 0.2642 0.1109 0.0196
12 10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9989 0.9968 0.9917 0.9804 0.9576 0.9150 0.8416 0.7251 0.5565 0.3410 0.1184
12 11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9992 0.9978 0.9943 0.9862 0.9683 0.9313 0.8578 0.7176 0.4596
12 12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
13 0 0.5133 0.2542 0.1209 0.0550 0.0238 0.0097 0.0037 0.0013 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
13 1 0.8646 0.6213 0.3983 0.2336 0.1267 0.0637 0.0296 0.0126 0.0049 0.0017 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
13 2 0.9755 0.8661 0.6920 0.5017 0.3326 0.2025 0.1132 0.0579 0.0269 0.0112 0.0041 0.0013 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
13 3 0.9969 0.9658 0.8820 0.7473 0.5843 0.4206 0.2783 0.1686 0.0929 0.0461 0.0203 0.0078 0.0025 0.0007 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
13 4 0.9997 0.9935 0.9658 0.9009 0.7940 0.6543 0.5005 0.3530 0.2279 0.1334 0.0698 0.0321 0.0126 0.0040 0.0010 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
13 5 1.0000 0.9991 0.9925 0.9700 0.9198 0.8346 0.7159 0.5744 0.4268 0.2905 0.1788 0.0977 0.0462 0.0182 0.0056 0.0012 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000
13 6 1.0000 0.9999 0.9987 0.9930 0.9757 0.9376 0.8705 0.7712 0.6437 0.5000 0.3563 0.2288 0.1295 0.0624 0.0243 0.0070 0.0013 0.0001 0.0000
13 7 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9988 0.9944 0.9818 0.9538 0.9023 0.8212 0.7095 0.5732 0.4256 0.2841 0.1654 0.0802 0.0300 0.0075 0.0009 0.0000
13 8 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9990 0.9960 0.9874 0.9679 0.9302 0.8666 0.7721 0.6470 0.4995 0.3457 0.2060 0.0991 0.0342 0.0065 0.0003
13 9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9993 0.9975 0.9922 0.9797 0.9539 0.9071 0.8314 0.7217 0.5794 0.4157 0.2527 0.1180 0.0342 0.0031
13 10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9987 0.9959 0.9888 0.9731 0.9421 0.8868 0.7975 0.6674 0.4983 0.3080 0.1339 0.0245
13 11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995 0.9983 0.9951 0.9874 0.9704 0.9363 0.8733 0.7664 0.6017 0.3787 0.1354
13 12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9987 0.9963 0.9903 0.9762 0.9450 0.8791 0.7458 0.4867
13 13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
14 0 0.4877 0.2288 0.1028 0.0440 0.0178 0.0068 0.0024 0.0008 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
14 1 0.8470 0.5846 0.3567 0.1979 0.1010 0.0475 0.0205 0.0081 0.0029 0.0009 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
14 2 0.9699 0.8416 0.6479 0.4481 0.2811 0.1608 0.0839 0.0398 0.0170 0.0065 0.0022 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
14 3 0.9958 0.9559 0.8535 0.6982 0.5213 0.3552 0.2205 0.1243 0.0632 0.0287 0.0114 0.0039 0.0011 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
14 4 0.9996 0.9908 0.9533 0.8702 0.7415 0.5842 0.4227 0.2793 0.1672 0.0898 0.0426 0.0175 0.0060 0.0017 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
14 5 1.0000 0.9985 0.9885 0.9561 0.8883 0.7805 0.6405 0.4859 0.3373 0.2120 0.1189 0.0583 0.0243 0.0083 0.0022 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
14 6 1.0000 0.9998 0.9978 0.9884 0.9617 0.9067 0.8164 0.6925 0.5461 0.3953 0.2586 0.1501 0.0753 0.0315 0.0103 0.0024 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000
14 7 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9976 0.9897 0.9685 0.9247 0.8499 0.7414 0.6047 0.4539 0.3075 0.1836 0.0933 0.0383 0.0116 0.0022 0.0002 0.0000
14 8 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9996 0.9978 0.9917 0.9757 0.9417 0.8811 0.7880 0.6627 0.5141 0.3595 0.2195 0.1117 0.0439 0.0115 0.0015 0.0000
14 9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9983 0.9940 0.9825 0.9574 0.9102 0.8328 0.7207 0.5773 0.4158 0.2585 0.1298 0.0467 0.0092 0.0004
14 10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9989 0.9961 0.9886 0.9713 0.9368 0.8757 0.7795 0.6448 0.4787 0.3018 0.1465 0.0441 0.0042
14 11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9978 0.9935 0.9830 0.9602 0.9161 0.8392 0.7189 0.5519 0.3521 0.1584 0.0301
14 12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9991 0.9971 0.9919 0.9795 0.9525 0.8990 0.8021 0.6433 0.4154 0.1530
14 13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9992 0.9976 0.9932 0.9822 0.9560 0.8972 0.7712 0.5123
14 14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
15 0 0.4633 0.2059 0.0874 0.0352 0.0134 0.0047 0.0016 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
15 1 0.8290 0.5490 0.3186 0.1671 0.0802 0.0353 0.0142 0.0052 0.0017 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2
6/14/2021 2:36:59 PM
機率 p
n t 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95
15 2 0.9638 0.8159 0.6042 0.3980 0.2361 0.1268 0.0617 0.0271 0.0107 0.0037 0.0011 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
15 3 0.9945 0.9444 0.8227 0.6482 0.4613 0.2969 0.1727 0.0905 0.0424 0.0176 0.0063 0.0019 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
15 4 0.9994 0.9873 0.9383 0.8358 0.6865 0.5155 0.3519 0.2173 0.1204 0.0592 0.0255 0.0093 0.0028 0.0007 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
15 5 0.9999 0.9978 0.9832 0.9389 0.8516 0.7216 0.5643 0.4032 0.2608 0.1509 0.0769 0.0338 0.0124 0.0037 0.0008 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
15 6 1.0000 0.9997 0.9964 0.9819 0.9434 0.8689 0.7548 0.6098 0.4522 0.3036 0.1818 0.0950 0.0422 0.0152 0.0042 0.0008 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
15 7 1.0000 1.0000 0.9994 0.9958 0.9827 0.9500 0.8868 0.7869 0.6535 0.5000 0.3465 0.2131 0.1132 0.0500 0.0173 0.0042 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000
15 8 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9992 0.9958 0.9848 0.9578 0.9050 0.8182 0.6964 0.5478 0.3902 0.2452 0.1311 0.0566 0.0181 0.0036 0.0003 0.0000
15 9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9992 0.9963 0.9876 0.9662 0.9231 0.8491 0.7392 0.5968 0.4357 0.2784 0.1484 0.0611 0.0168 0.0022 0.0001
15 10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9993 0.9972 0.9907 0.9745 0.9408 0.8796 0.7827 0.6481 0.4845 0.3135 0.1642 0.0617 0.0127 0.0006
15 11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995 0.9981 0.9937 0.9824 0.9576 0.9095 0.8273 0.7031 0.5387 0.3518 0.1773 0.0556 0.0055
15 12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9989 0.9963 0.9893 0.9729 0.9383 0.8732 0.7639 0.6020 0.3958 0.1841 0.0362
15 13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995 0.9983 0.9948 0.9858 0.9647 0.9198 0.8329 0.6814 0.4510 0.1710
15 14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995 0.9984 0.9953 0.9866 0.9648 0.9126 0.7941 0.5367
15 15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
16 0 0.4401 0.1853 0.0743 0.0281 0.0100 0.0033 0.0010 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
16 1 0.8108 0.5147 0.2839 0.1407 0.0635 0.0261 0.0098 0.0033 0.0010 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
16 2 0.9571 0.7892 0.5614 0.3518 0.1971 0.0994 0.0451 0.0183 0.0066 0.0021 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
16 3 0.9930 0.9316 0.7899 0.5981 0.4050 0.2459 0.1339 0.0651 0.0281 0.0106 0.0035 0.0009 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
16 4 0.9991 0.9830 0.9209 0.7982 0.6302 0.4499 0.2892 0.1666 0.0853 0.0384 0.0149 0.0049 0.0013 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
16 5 0.9999 0.9967 0.9765 0.9183 0.8103 0.6598 0.4900 0.3288 0.1976 0.1051 0.0486 0.0191 0.0062 0.0016 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
16 6 1.0000 0.9995 0.9944 0.9733 0.9204 0.8247 0.6881 0.5272 0.3660 0.2272 0.1241 0.0583 0.0229 0.0071 0.0016 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
16 7 1.0000 0.9999 0.9989 0.9930 0.9729 0.9256 0.8406 0.7161 0.5629 0.4018 0.2559 0.1423 0.0671 0.0257 0.0075 0.0015 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000
16 8 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9985 0.9925 0.9743 0.9329 0.8577 0.7441 0.5982 0.4371 0.2839 0.1594 0.0744 0.0271 0.0070 0.0011 0.0001 0.0000
16 9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9984 0.9929 0.9771 0.9417 0.8759 0.7728 0.6340 0.4728 0.3119 0.1753 0.0796 0.0267 0.0056 0.0005 0.0000
16 10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9984 0.9938 0.9809 0.9514 0.8949 0.8024 0.6712 0.5100 0.3402 0.1897 0.0817 0.0235 0.0033 0.0001
16 11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9987 0.9951 0.9851 0.9616 0.9147 0.8334 0.7108 0.5501 0.3698 0.2018 0.0791 0.0170 0.0009
16 12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9991 0.9965 0.9894 0.9719 0.9349 0.8661 0.7541 0.5950 0.4019 0.2101 0.0684 0.0070
16 13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9979 0.9934 0.9817 0.9549 0.9006 0.8029 0.6482 0.4386 0.2108 0.0429
16 14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9990 0.9967 0.9902 0.9739 0.9365 0.8593 0.7161 0.4853 0.1892
16 15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9990 0.9967 0.9900 0.9719 0.9257 0.8147 0.5599
16 16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
17 0 0.4181 0.1668 0.0631 0.0225 0.0075 0.0023 0.0007 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
17 1 0.7922 0.4818 0.2525 0.1182 0.0501 0.0193 0.0067 0.0021 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
17 2 0.9497 0.7618 0.5198 0.3096 0.1637 0.0774 0.0327 0.0123 0.0041 0.0012 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
17 3 0.9912 0.9174 0.7556 0.5489 0.3530 0.2019 0.1028 0.0464 0.0184 0.0064 0.0019 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
17 4 0.9988 0.9779 0.9013 0.7582 0.5739 0.3887 0.2348 0.1260 0.0596 0.0245 0.0086 0.0025 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
17 5 0.9999 0.9953 0.9681 0.8943 0.7653 0.5968 0.4197 0.2639 0.1471 0.0717 0.0301 0.0106 0.0030 0.0007 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
17 6 1.0000 0.9992 0.9917 0.9623 0.8929 0.7752 0.6188 0.4478 0.2902 0.1662 0.0826 0.0348 0.0120 0.0032 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
17 7 1.0000 0.9999 0.9983 0.9891 0.9598 0.8954 0.7872 0.6405 0.4743 0.3145 0.1834 0.0919 0.0383 0.0127 0.0031 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
17 8 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9974 0.9876 0.9597 0.9006 0.8011 0.6626 0.5000 0.3374 0.1989 0.0994 0.0403 0.0124 0.0026 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000
17 9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9995 0.9969 0.9873 0.9617 0.9081 0.8166 0.6855 0.5257 0.3595 0.2128 0.1046 0.0402 0.0109 0.0017 0.0001 0.0000
17 10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9968 0.9880 0.9652 0.9174 0.8338 0.7098 0.5522 0.3812 0.2248 0.1071 0.0377 0.0083 0.0008 0.0000
17 11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9993 0.9970 0.9894 0.9699 0.9283 0.8529 0.7361 0.5803 0.4032 0.2347 0.1057 0.0319 0.0047 0.0001
17 12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9975 0.9914 0.9755 0.9404 0.8740 0.7652 0.6113 0.4261 0.2418 0.0987 0.0221 0.0012
17 13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995 0.9981 0.9936 0.9816 0.9536 0.8972 0.7981 0.6470 0.4511 0.2444 0.0826 0.0088
17 14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9988 0.9959 0.9877 0.9673 0.9226 0.8363 0.6904 0.4802 0.2382 0.0503
17 15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9979 0.9933 0.9807 0.9499 0.8818 0.7475 0.5182 0.2078
17 16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9993 0.9977 0.9925 0.9775 0.9369 0.8332 0.5819
17 17 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
18 0 0.3972 0.1501 0.0536 0.0180 0.0056 0.0016 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
18 1 0.7735 0.4503 0.2241 0.0991 0.0395 0.0142 0.0046 0.0013 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
18 2 0.9419 0.7338 0.4797 0.2713 0.1353 0.0600 0.0236 0.0082 0.0025 0.0007 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
18 3 0.9891 0.9018 0.7202 0.5010 0.3057 0.1646 0.0783 0.0328 0.0120 0.0038 0.0010 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
18 4 0.9985 0.9718 0.8794 0.7164 0.5187 0.3327 0.1886 0.0942 0.0411 0.0154 0.0049 0.0013 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
18 5 0.9998 0.9936 0.9581 0.8671 0.7175 0.5344 0.3550 0.2088 0.1077 0.0481 0.0183 0.0058 0.0014 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
18 6 1.0000 0.9988 0.9882 0.9487 0.8610 0.7217 0.5491 0.3743 0.2258 0.1189 0.0537 0.0203 0.0062 0.0014 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
18 7 1.0000 0.9998 0.9973 0.9837 0.9431 0.8593 0.7283 0.5634 0.3915 0.2403 0.1280 0.0576 0.0212 0.0061 0.0012 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
18 8 1.0000 1.0000 0.9995 0.9957 0.9807 0.9404 0.8609 0.7368 0.5778 0.4073 0.2527 0.1347 0.0597 0.0210 0.0054 0.0009 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
18 9 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9991 0.9946 0.9790 0.9403 0.8653 0.7473 0.5927 0.4222 0.2632 0.1391 0.0596 0.0193 0.0043 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000
18 10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9988 0.9939 0.9788 0.9424 0.8720 0.7597 0.6085 0.4366 0.2717 0.1407 0.0569 0.0163 0.0027 0.0002 0.0000
18 11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9986 0.9938 0.9797 0.9463 0.8811 0.7742 0.6257 0.4509 0.2783 0.1390 0.0513 0.0118 0.0012 0.0000
18 12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9986 0.9942 0.9817 0.9519 0.8923 0.7912 0.6450 0.4656 0.2825 0.1329 0.0419 0.0064 0.0002
18 13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9987 0.9951 0.9846 0.9589 0.9058 0.8114 0.6673 0.4813 0.2836 0.1206 0.0282 0.0015
18 14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9990 0.9962 0.9880 0.9672 0.9217 0.8354 0.6943 0.4990 0.2798 0.0982 0.0109
18 15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9993 0.9975 0.9918 0.9764 0.9400 0.8647 0.7287 0.5203 0.2662 0.0581
18 16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9987 0.9954 0.9858 0.9605 0.9009 0.7759 0.5497 0.2265
18 17 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9984 0.9944 0.9820 0.9464 0.8499 0.6028
18 18 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
19 0 0.3774 0.1351 0.0456 0.0144 0.0042 0.0011 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
19 1 0.7547 0.4203 0.1985 0.0829 0.0310 0.0104 0.0031 0.0008 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
19 2 0.9335 0.7054 0.4413 0.2369 0.1113 0.0462 0.0170 0.0055 0.0015 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
19 3 0.9868 0.8850 0.6841 0.4551 0.2631 0.1332 0.0591 0.0230 0.0077 0.0022 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
19 4 0.9980 0.9648 0.8556 0.6733 0.4654 0.2822 0.1500 0.0696 0.0280 0.0096 0.0028 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
19 5 0.9998 0.9914 0.9463 0.8369 0.6678 0.4739 0.2968 0.1629 0.0777 0.0318 0.0109 0.0031 0.0007 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
19 6 1.0000 0.9983 0.9837 0.9324 0.8251 0.6655 0.4812 0.3081 0.1727 0.0835 0.0342 0.0116 0.0031 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
19 7 1.0000 0.9997 0.9959 0.9767 0.9225 0.8180 0.6656 0.4878 0.3169 0.1796 0.0871 0.0352 0.0114 0.0028 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
19 8 1.0000 1.0000 0.9992 0.9933 0.9713 0.9161 0.8145 0.6675 0.4940 0.3238 0.1841 0.0885 0.0347 0.0105 0.0023 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
19 9 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9984 0.9911 0.9674 0.9125 0.8139 0.6710 0.5000 0.3290 0.1861 0.0875 0.0326 0.0089 0.0016 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
19 10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9977 0.9895 0.9653 0.9115 0.8159 0.6762 0.5060 0.3325 0.1855 0.0839 0.0287 0.0067 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000
19 11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9995 0.9972 0.9886 0.9648 0.9129 0.8204 0.6831 0.5122 0.3344 0.1820 0.0775 0.0233 0.0041 0.0003 0.0000
19 12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9969 0.9884 0.9658 0.9165 0.8273 0.6919 0.5188 0.3345 0.1749 0.0676 0.0163 0.0017 0.0000
3
6/14/2021 2:36:59 PM
機率 p
n t 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95
19 13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9993 0.9969 0.9891 0.9682 0.9223 0.8371 0.7032 0.5261 0.3322 0.1631 0.0537 0.0086 0.0002
19 14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9972 0.9904 0.9720 0.9304 0.8500 0.7178 0.5346 0.3267 0.1444 0.0352 0.0020
19 15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995 0.9978 0.9923 0.9770 0.9409 0.8668 0.7369 0.5449 0.3159 0.1150 0.0132
19 16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9985 0.9945 0.9830 0.9538 0.8887 0.7631 0.5587 0.2946 0.0665
19 17 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9992 0.9969 0.9896 0.9690 0.9171 0.8015 0.5797 0.2453
19 18 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9989 0.9958 0.9856 0.9544 0.8649 0.6226
19 19 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
20 0 0.3585 0.1216 0.0388 0.0115 0.0032 0.0008 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 1 0.7358 0.3917 0.1756 0.0692 0.0243 0.0076 0.0021 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 2 0.9245 0.6769 0.4049 0.2061 0.0913 0.0355 0.0121 0.0036 0.0009 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 3 0.9841 0.8670 0.6477 0.4114 0.2252 0.1071 0.0444 0.0160 0.0049 0.0013 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 4 0.9974 0.9568 0.8298 0.6296 0.4148 0.2375 0.1182 0.0510 0.0189 0.0059 0.0015 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 5 0.9997 0.9887 0.9327 0.8042 0.6172 0.4164 0.2454 0.1256 0.0553 0.0207 0.0064 0.0016 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 6 1.0000 0.9976 0.9781 0.9133 0.7858 0.6080 0.4166 0.2500 0.1299 0.0577 0.0214 0.0065 0.0015 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 7 1.0000 0.9996 0.9941 0.9679 0.8982 0.7723 0.6010 0.4159 0.2520 0.1316 0.0580 0.0210 0.0060 0.0013 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 8 1.0000 0.9999 0.9987 0.9900 0.9591 0.8867 0.7624 0.5956 0.4143 0.2517 0.1308 0.0565 0.0196 0.0051 0.0009 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 9 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9974 0.9861 0.9520 0.8782 0.7553 0.5914 0.4119 0.2493 0.1275 0.0532 0.0171 0.0039 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
20 10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9994 0.9961 0.9829 0.9468 0.8725 0.7507 0.5881 0.4086 0.2447 0.1218 0.0480 0.0139 0.0026 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000
20 11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9991 0.9949 0.9804 0.9435 0.8692 0.7483 0.5857 0.4044 0.2376 0.1133 0.0409 0.0100 0.0013 0.0001 0.0000
20 12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9987 0.9940 0.9790 0.9420 0.8684 0.7480 0.5841 0.3990 0.2277 0.1018 0.0321 0.0059 0.0004 0.0000
20 13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9985 0.9935 0.9786 0.9423 0.8701 0.7500 0.5834 0.3920 0.2142 0.0867 0.0219 0.0024 0.0000
20 14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9984 0.9936 0.9793 0.9447 0.8744 0.7546 0.5836 0.3828 0.1958 0.0673 0.0113 0.0003
20 15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9985 0.9941 0.9811 0.9490 0.8818 0.7625 0.5852 0.3704 0.1702 0.0432 0.0026
20 16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9987 0.9951 0.9840 0.9556 0.8929 0.7748 0.5886 0.3523 0.1330 0.0159
20 17 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9991 0.9964 0.9879 0.9645 0.9087 0.7939 0.5951 0.3231 0.0755
20 18 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995 0.9979 0.9924 0.9757 0.9308 0.8244 0.6083 0.2642
20 19 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9992 0.9968 0.9885 0.9612 0.8784 0.6415
20 20 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

卜瓦松分布累積機率表(Cumulative Poisson distribution)

成功次數
𝜇𝑥 𝑡 次成功 −期望值 期望值
Fx(t) = P(X ≤ t) = ∑𝑡𝑥=0 (𝑒 −𝜇 × ) = ∑ (𝑒 × )
𝑥! 0 次成功 成功次數!

μ
xt 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
0 0.9048 0.8187 0.7408 0.6703 0.6065 0.5488 0.4966 0.4493 0.4066 0.3679
1 0.9953 0.9825 0.9631 0.9384 0.9098 0.8781 0.8442 0.8088 0.7725 0.7358
2 0.9998 0.9989 0.9964 0.9921 0.9856 0.9769 0.9659 0.9526 0.9371 0.9197
3 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9992 0.9982 0.9966 0.9942 0.9909 0.9865 0.9810
4 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9996 0.9992 0.9986 0.9977 0.9963
5 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9997 0.9994
6 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999
7 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

μ
xt 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2
0 0.3329 0.3012 0.2725 0.2466 0.2231 0.2019 0.1827 0.1653 0.1496 0.1353
1 0.6990 0.6626 0.6268 0.5918 0.5578 0.5249 0.4932 0.4628 0.4337 0.4060
2 0.9004 0.8795 0.8571 0.8335 0.8088 0.7834 0.7572 0.7306 0.7037 0.6767
3 0.9743 0.9662 0.9569 0.9463 0.9344 0.9212 0.9068 0.8913 0.8747 0.8571
4 0.9946 0.9923 0.9893 0.9857 0.9814 0.9763 0.9704 0.9636 0.9559 0.9473
5 0.9990 0.9985 0.9978 0.9968 0.9955 0.9940 0.9920 0.9896 0.9868 0.9834
6 0.9999 0.9997 0.9996 0.9994 0.9991 0.9987 0.9981 0.9974 0.9966 0.9955
7 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9997 0.9996 0.9994 0.9992 0.9989
8 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998
9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

μ
xt 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
0 0.1225 0.1108 0.1003 0.0907 0.0821 0.0743 0.0672 0.0608 0.0550 0.0498
1 0.3796 0.3546 0.3309 0.3084 0.2873 0.2674 0.2487 0.2311 0.2146 0.1991
2 0.6496 0.6227 0.5960 0.5697 0.5438 0.5184 0.4936 0.4695 0.4460 0.4232
3 0.8386 0.8194 0.7993 0.7787 0.7576 0.7360 0.7141 0.6919 0.6696 0.6472
4 0.9379 0.9275 0.9162 0.9041 0.8912 0.8774 0.8629 0.8477 0.8318 0.8153
4
6/14/2021 2:36:59 PM
μ
xt 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
5 0.9796 0.9751 0.9700 0.9643 0.9580 0.9510 0.9433 0.9349 0.9258 0.9161
6 0.9941 0.9925 0.9906 0.9884 0.9858 0.9828 0.9794 0.9756 0.9713 0.9665
7 0.9985 0.9980 0.9974 0.9967 0.9958 0.9947 0.9934 0.9919 0.9901 0.9881
8 0.9997 0.9995 0.9994 0.9991 0.9989 0.9985 0.9981 0.9976 0.9969 0.9962
9 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9997 0.9996 0.9995 0.9993 0.9991 0.9989
10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997
11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999
12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

μ
xt 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4
0 0.0450 0.0408 0.0369 0.0334 0.0302 0.0273 0.0247 0.0224 0.0202 0.0183
1 0.1847 0.1712 0.1586 0.1468 0.1359 0.1257 0.1162 0.1074 0.0992 0.0916
2 0.4012 0.3799 0.3594 0.3397 0.3208 0.3027 0.2854 0.2689 0.2531 0.2381
3 0.6248 0.6025 0.5803 0.5584 0.5366 0.5152 0.4942 0.4735 0.4532 0.4335
4 0.7982 0.7806 0.7626 0.7442 0.7254 0.7064 0.6872 0.6678 0.6484 0.6288
5 0.9057 0.8946 0.8829 0.8705 0.8576 0.8441 0.8301 0.8156 0.8006 0.7851
6 0.9612 0.9554 0.9490 0.9421 0.9347 0.9267 0.9182 0.9091 0.8995 0.8893
7 0.9858 0.9832 0.9802 0.9769 0.9733 0.9692 0.9648 0.9599 0.9546 0.9489
8 0.9953 0.9943 0.9931 0.9917 0.9901 0.9883 0.9863 0.9840 0.9815 0.9786
9 0.9986 0.9982 0.9978 0.9973 0.9967 0.9960 0.9952 0.9942 0.9931 0.9919
10 0.9996 0.9995 0.9994 0.9992 0.9990 0.9987 0.9984 0.9981 0.9977 0.9972
11 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.9996 0.9995 0.9994 0.9993 0.9991
12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997
13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999
14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

μ
xt 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5
0 0.0166 0.0150 0.0136 0.0123 0.0111 0.0101 0.0091 0.0082 0.0074 0.0067
1 0.0845 0.0780 0.0719 0.0663 0.0611 0.0563 0.0518 0.0477 0.0439 0.0404
2 0.2238 0.2102 0.1974 0.1851 0.1736 0.1626 0.1523 0.1425 0.1333 0.1247
3 0.4142 0.3954 0.3772 0.3594 0.3423 0.3257 0.3097 0.2942 0.2793 0.2650
4 0.6093 0.5898 0.5704 0.5512 0.5321 0.5132 0.4946 0.4763 0.4582 0.4405
5 0.7693 0.7531 0.7367 0.7199 0.7029 0.6858 0.6684 0.6510 0.6335 0.6160
6 0.8786 0.8675 0.8558 0.8436 0.8311 0.8180 0.8046 0.7908 0.7767 0.7622
7 0.9427 0.9361 0.9290 0.9214 0.9134 0.9049 0.8960 0.8867 0.8769 0.8666
8 0.9755 0.9721 0.9683 0.9642 0.9597 0.9549 0.9497 0.9442 0.9382 0.9319
9 0.9905 0.9889 0.9871 0.9851 0.9829 0.9805 0.9778 0.9749 0.9717 0.9682
10 0.9966 0.9959 0.9952 0.9943 0.9933 0.9922 0.9910 0.9896 0.9880 0.9863
11 0.9989 0.9986 0.9983 0.9980 0.9976 0.9971 0.9966 0.9960 0.9953 0.9945
12 0.9997 0.9996 0.9995 0.9993 0.9992 0.9990 0.9988 0.9986 0.9983 0.9980
13 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996 0.9995 0.9994 0.9993
14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998
15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999
16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

μ
xt 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6
0 0.0061 0.0055 0.0050 0.0045 0.0041 0.0037 0.0033 0.0030 0.0027 0.0025
1 0.0372 0.0342 0.0314 0.0289 0.0266 0.0244 0.0224 0.0206 0.0189 0.0174
2 0.1165 0.1088 0.1016 0.0948 0.0884 0.0824 0.0768 0.0715 0.0666 0.0620
3 0.2513 0.2381 0.2254 0.2133 0.2017 0.1906 0.1800 0.1700 0.1604 0.1512
4 0.4231 0.4061 0.3895 0.3733 0.3575 0.3422 0.3272 0.3127 0.2987 0.2851
5 0.5984 0.5809 0.5635 0.5461 0.5289 0.5119 0.4950 0.4783 0.4619 0.4457
6 0.7474 0.7324 0.7171 0.7017 0.6860 0.6703 0.6544 0.6384 0.6224 0.6063

5
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μ
xt 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6
7 0.8560 0.8449 0.8335 0.8217 0.8095 0.7970 0.7841 0.7710 0.7576 0.7440
8 0.9252 0.9181 0.9106 0.9027 0.8944 0.8857 0.8766 0.8672 0.8574 0.8472
9 0.9644 0.9603 0.9559 0.9512 0.9462 0.9409 0.9352 0.9292 0.9228 0.9161
10 0.9844 0.9823 0.9800 0.9775 0.9747 0.9718 0.9686 0.9651 0.9614 0.9574
11 0.9937 0.9927 0.9916 0.9904 0.9890 0.9875 0.9859 0.9841 0.9821 0.9799
12 0.9976 0.9972 0.9967 0.9962 0.9955 0.9949 0.9941 0.9932 0.9922 0.9912
13 0.9992 0.9990 0.9988 0.9986 0.9983 0.9980 0.9977 0.9973 0.9969 0.9964
14 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996 0.9995 0.9994 0.9993 0.9991 0.9990 0.9988 0.9986
15 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.9996 0.9996 0.9995
16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998
17 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999
18 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

μ
xt 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 7
0 0.0022 0.0020 0.0018 0.0017 0.0015 0.0014 0.0012 0.0011 0.0010 0.0009
1 0.0159 0.0146 0.0134 0.0123 0.0113 0.0103 0.0095 0.0087 0.0080 0.0073
2 0.0577 0.0536 0.0498 0.0463 0.0430 0.0400 0.0371 0.0344 0.0320 0.0296
3 0.1425 0.1342 0.1264 0.1189 0.1118 0.1052 0.0988 0.0928 0.0871 0.0818
4 0.2719 0.2592 0.2469 0.2351 0.2237 0.2127 0.2022 0.1920 0.1823 0.1730
5 0.4298 0.4141 0.3988 0.3837 0.3690 0.3547 0.3406 0.3270 0.3137 0.3007
6 0.5902 0.5742 0.5582 0.5423 0.5265 0.5108 0.4953 0.4799 0.4647 0.4497
7 0.7301 0.7160 0.7017 0.6873 0.6728 0.6581 0.6433 0.6285 0.6136 0.5987
8 0.8367 0.8259 0.8148 0.8033 0.7916 0.7796 0.7673 0.7548 0.7420 0.7291
9 0.9090 0.9016 0.8939 0.8858 0.8774 0.8686 0.8596 0.8502 0.8405 0.8305
10 0.9531 0.9486 0.9437 0.9386 0.9332 0.9274 0.9214 0.9151 0.9084 0.9015
11 0.9776 0.9750 0.9723 0.9693 0.9661 0.9627 0.9591 0.9552 0.9510 0.9467
12 0.9900 0.9887 0.9873 0.9857 0.9840 0.9821 0.9801 0.9779 0.9755 0.9730
13 0.9958 0.9952 0.9945 0.9937 0.9929 0.9920 0.9909 0.9898 0.9885 0.9872
14 0.9984 0.9981 0.9978 0.9974 0.9970 0.9966 0.9961 0.9956 0.9950 0.9943
15 0.9994 0.9993 0.9992 0.9990 0.9988 0.9986 0.9984 0.9982 0.9979 0.9976
16 0.9998 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996 0.9996 0.9995 0.9994 0.9993 0.9992 0.9990
17 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996
18 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999
19 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
20 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

μ
xt 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 8
0 0.0008 0.0007 0.0007 0.0006 0.0006 0.0005 0.0005 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003
1 0.0067 0.0061 0.0056 0.0051 0.0047 0.0043 0.0039 0.0036 0.0033 0.0030
2 0.0275 0.0255 0.0236 0.0219 0.0203 0.0188 0.0174 0.0161 0.0149 0.0138
3 0.0767 0.0719 0.0674 0.0632 0.0591 0.0554 0.0518 0.0485 0.0453 0.0424
4 0.1641 0.1555 0.1473 0.1395 0.1321 0.1249 0.1181 0.1117 0.1055 0.0996
5 0.2881 0.2759 0.2640 0.2526 0.2414 0.2307 0.2203 0.2103 0.2006 0.1912
6 0.4349 0.4204 0.4060 0.3920 0.3782 0.3646 0.3514 0.3384 0.3257 0.3134
7 0.5838 0.5689 0.5541 0.5393 0.5246 0.5100 0.4956 0.4812 0.4670 0.4530
8 0.7160 0.7027 0.6892 0.6757 0.6620 0.6482 0.6343 0.6204 0.6065 0.5925
9 0.8202 0.8096 0.7988 0.7877 0.7764 0.7649 0.7531 0.7411 0.7290 0.7166
10 0.8942 0.8867 0.8788 0.8707 0.8622 0.8535 0.8445 0.8352 0.8257 0.8159
11 0.9420 0.9371 0.9319 0.9265 0.9208 0.9148 0.9085 0.9020 0.8952 0.8881
12 0.9703 0.9673 0.9642 0.9609 0.9573 0.9536 0.9496 0.9454 0.9409 0.9362
13 0.9857 0.9841 0.9824 0.9805 0.9784 0.9762 0.9739 0.9714 0.9687 0.9658
14 0.9935 0.9927 0.9918 0.9908 0.9897 0.9886 0.9873 0.9859 0.9844 0.9827
15 0.9972 0.9969 0.9964 0.9959 0.9954 0.9948 0.9941 0.9934 0.9926 0.9918
16 0.9989 0.9987 0.9985 0.9983 0.9980 0.9978 0.9974 0.9971 0.9967 0.9963

6
6/14/2021 2:36:59 PM
μ
xt 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 8
17 0.9996 0.9995 0.9994 0.9993 0.9992 0.9991 0.9989 0.9988 0.9986 0.9984
18 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996 0.9996 0.9995 0.9994 0.9993
19 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997
20 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999
21 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

μ
xt 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 9
0 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001
1 0.0028 0.0025 0.0023 0.0021 0.0019 0.0018 0.0016 0.0015 0.0014 0.0012
2 0.0127 0.0118 0.0109 0.0100 0.0093 0.0086 0.0079 0.0073 0.0068 0.0062
3 0.0396 0.0370 0.0346 0.0323 0.0301 0.0281 0.0262 0.0244 0.0228 0.0212
4 0.0940 0.0887 0.0837 0.0789 0.0744 0.0701 0.0660 0.0621 0.0584 0.0550
5 0.1822 0.1736 0.1653 0.1573 0.1496 0.1422 0.1352 0.1284 0.1219 0.1157
6 0.3013 0.2896 0.2781 0.2670 0.2562 0.2457 0.2355 0.2256 0.2160 0.2068
7 0.4391 0.4254 0.4119 0.3987 0.3856 0.3728 0.3602 0.3478 0.3357 0.3239
8 0.5786 0.5647 0.5507 0.5369 0.5231 0.5094 0.4958 0.4823 0.4689 0.4557
9 0.7041 0.6915 0.6788 0.6659 0.6530 0.6400 0.6269 0.6137 0.6006 0.5874
10 0.8058 0.7955 0.7850 0.7743 0.7634 0.7522 0.7409 0.7294 0.7178 0.7060
11 0.8807 0.8731 0.8652 0.8571 0.8487 0.8400 0.8311 0.8220 0.8126 0.8030
12 0.9313 0.9261 0.9207 0.9150 0.9091 0.9029 0.8965 0.8898 0.8829 0.8758
13 0.9628 0.9595 0.9561 0.9524 0.9486 0.9445 0.9403 0.9358 0.9311 0.9261
14 0.9810 0.9791 0.9771 0.9749 0.9726 0.9701 0.9675 0.9647 0.9617 0.9585
15 0.9908 0.9898 0.9887 0.9875 0.9862 0.9848 0.9832 0.9816 0.9798 0.9780
16 0.9958 0.9953 0.9947 0.9941 0.9934 0.9926 0.9918 0.9909 0.9899 0.9889
17 0.9982 0.9979 0.9977 0.9973 0.9970 0.9966 0.9962 0.9957 0.9952 0.9947
18 0.9992 0.9991 0.9990 0.9989 0.9987 0.9985 0.9983 0.9981 0.9978 0.9976
19 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996 0.9995 0.9995 0.9994 0.9993 0.9992 0.9991 0.9989
20 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996 0.9996
21 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998
22 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999

μ
xt 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 10
0 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000
1 0.0011 0.0010 0.0009 0.0009 0.0008 0.0007 0.0007 0.0006 0.0005 0.0005
2 0.0058 0.0053 0.0049 0.0045 0.0042 0.0038 0.0035 0.0033 0.0030 0.0028
3 0.0198 0.0184 0.0172 0.0160 0.0149 0.0138 0.0129 0.0120 0.0111 0.0103
4 0.0517 0.0486 0.0456 0.0429 0.0403 0.0378 0.0355 0.0333 0.0312 0.0293
5 0.1098 0.1041 0.0986 0.0935 0.0885 0.0838 0.0793 0.0750 0.0710 0.0671
6 0.1978 0.1892 0.1808 0.1727 0.1649 0.1574 0.1502 0.1433 0.1366 0.1301
7 0.3123 0.3010 0.2900 0.2792 0.2687 0.2584 0.2485 0.2388 0.2294 0.2202
8 0.4426 0.4296 0.4168 0.4042 0.3918 0.3796 0.3676 0.3558 0.3442 0.3328
9 0.5742 0.5611 0.5479 0.5349 0.5218 0.5089 0.4960 0.4832 0.4705 0.4579
10 0.6941 0.6820 0.6699 0.6576 0.6453 0.6329 0.6205 0.6080 0.5955 0.5830
11 0.7932 0.7832 0.7730 0.7626 0.7520 0.7412 0.7303 0.7193 0.7081 0.6968
12 0.8684 0.8607 0.8529 0.8448 0.8364 0.8279 0.8191 0.8101 0.8009 0.7916
13 0.9210 0.9156 0.9100 0.9042 0.8981 0.8919 0.8853 0.8786 0.8716 0.8645
14 0.9552 0.9517 0.9480 0.9441 0.9400 0.9357 0.9312 0.9265 0.9216 0.9165
15 0.9760 0.9738 0.9715 0.9691 0.9665 0.9638 0.9609 0.9579 0.9546 0.9513
16 0.9878 0.9865 0.9852 0.9838 0.9823 0.9806 0.9789 0.9770 0.9751 0.9730
17 0.9941 0.9934 0.9927 0.9919 0.9911 0.9902 0.9892 0.9881 0.9870 0.9857
18 0.9973 0.9969 0.9966 0.9962 0.9957 0.9952 0.9947 0.9941 0.9935 0.9928
19 0.9988 0.9986 0.9985 0.9983 0.9980 0.9978 0.9975 0.9972 0.9969 0.9965
20 0.9995 0.9994 0.9993 0.9992 0.9991 0.9990 0.9989 0.9987 0.9986 0.9984
21 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996 0.9996 0.9995 0.9995 0.9994 0.9993

7
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μ
xt 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 10
22 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.9997
23 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999
24 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

μ
xt 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0012 0.0005 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.0049 0.0023 0.0011 0.0005 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.0151 0.0076 0.0037 0.0018 0.0009 0.0004 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
5 0.0375 0.0203 0.0107 0.0055 0.0028 0.0014 0.0007 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001
6 0.0786 0.0458 0.0259 0.0142 0.0076 0.0040 0.0021 0.0010 0.0005 0.0003
7 0.1432 0.0895 0.0540 0.0316 0.0180 0.0100 0.0054 0.0029 0.0015 0.0008
8 0.2320 0.1550 0.0998 0.0621 0.0374 0.0220 0.0126 0.0071 0.0039 0.0021
9 0.3405 0.2424 0.1658 0.1094 0.0699 0.0433 0.0261 0.0154 0.0089 0.0050
10 0.4599 0.3472 0.2517 0.1757 0.1185 0.0774 0.0491 0.0304 0.0183 0.0108
11 0.5793 0.4616 0.3532 0.2600 0.1848 0.1270 0.0847 0.0549 0.0347 0.0214
12 0.6887 0.5760 0.4631 0.3585 0.2676 0.1931 0.1350 0.0917 0.0606 0.0390
13 0.7813 0.6815 0.5730 0.4644 0.3632 0.2745 0.2009 0.1426 0.0984 0.0661
14 0.8540 0.7720 0.6751 0.5704 0.4657 0.3675 0.2808 0.2081 0.1497 0.1049
15 0.9074 0.8444 0.7636 0.6694 0.5681 0.4667 0.3715 0.2867 0.2148 0.1565
16 0.9441 0.8987 0.8355 0.7559 0.6641 0.5660 0.4677 0.3751 0.2920 0.2211
17 0.9678 0.9370 0.8905 0.8272 0.7489 0.6593 0.5640 0.4686 0.3784 0.2970
18 0.9823 0.9626 0.9302 0.8826 0.8195 0.7423 0.6550 0.5622 0.4695 0.3814
19 0.9907 0.9787 0.9573 0.9235 0.8752 0.8122 0.7363 0.6509 0.5606 0.4703
20 0.9953 0.9884 0.9750 0.9521 0.9170 0.8682 0.8055 0.7307 0.6472 0.5591
21 0.9977 0.9939 0.9859 0.9712 0.9469 0.9108 0.8615 0.7991 0.7255 0.6437
22 0.9990 0.9970 0.9924 0.9833 0.9673 0.9418 0.9047 0.8551 0.7931 0.7206
23 0.9995 0.9985 0.9960 0.9907 0.9805 0.9633 0.9367 0.8989 0.8490 0.7875
24 0.9998 0.9993 0.9980 0.9950 0.9888 0.9777 0.9594 0.9317 0.8933 0.8432
25 0.9999 0.9997 0.9990 0.9974 0.9938 0.9869 0.9748 0.9554 0.9269 0.8878
26 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995 0.9987 0.9967 0.9925 0.9848 0.9718 0.9514 0.9221
27 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9994 0.9983 0.9959 0.9912 0.9827 0.9687 0.9475
28 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9991 0.9978 0.9950 0.9897 0.9805 0.9657
29 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9989 0.9973 0.9941 0.9882 0.9782
30 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9994 0.9986 0.9967 0.9930 0.9865
31 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9993 0.9982 0.9960 0.9919
32 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9990 0.9978 0.9953
33 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9995 0.9988 0.9973
34 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9994 0.9985
35 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9992
36 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9996
37 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998
38 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999
39 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999

標準常態分佈累積機率表(Cumulative standard normal distribution)

−𝑧2
𝑧 1
Φ(z) = P(Z ≤ z) = ∫−∞ × 𝑒 2 dz
√2π
z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
-3.5 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
-3.4 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002
-3.3 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003
-3.2 0.0007 0.0007 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

8
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z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
-3.1 0.0010 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0007 0.0007
-3.0 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0012 0.0012 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0010 0.0010
-2.9 0.0019 0.0018 0.0018 0.0017 0.0016 0.0016 0.0015 0.0015 0.0014 0.0014
-2.8 0.0026 0.0025 0.0024 0.0023 0.0023 0.0022 0.0021 0.0021 0.0020 0.0019
-2.7 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033 0.0032 0.0031 0.0030 0.0029 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026
-2.6 0.0047 0.0045 0.0044 0.0043 0.0041 0.0040 0.0039 0.0038 0.0037 0.0036
-2.5 0.0062 0.0060 0.0059 0.0057 0.0055 0.0054 0.0052 0.0051 0.0049 0.0048
-2.4 0.0082 0.0080 0.0078 0.0075 0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0068 0.0066 0.0064
-2.3 0.0107 0.0104 0.0102 0.0099 0.0096 0.0094 0.0091 0.0089 0.0087 0.0084
-2.2 0.0139 0.0136 0.0132 0.0129 0.0125 0.0122 0.0119 0.0116 0.0113 0.0110
-2.1 0.0179 0.0174 0.0170 0.0166 0.0162 0.0158 0.0154 0.0150 0.0146 0.0143
-2.0 0.0228 0.0222 0.0217 0.0212 0.0207 0.0202 0.0197 0.0192 0.0188 0.0183
-1.9 0.0287 0.0281 0.0274 0.0268 0.0262 0.0256 0.0250 0.0244 0.0239 0.0233
-1.8 0.0359 0.0351 0.0344 0.0336 0.0329 0.0322 0.0314 0.0307 0.0301 0.0294
-1.7 0.0446 0.0436 0.0427 0.0418 0.0409 0.0401 0.0392 0.0384 0.0375 0.0367
-1.6 0.0548 0.0537 0.0526 0.0516 0.0505 0.0495 0.0485 0.0475 0.0465 0.0455
-1.5 0.0668 0.0655 0.0643 0.0630 0.0618 0.0606 0.0594 0.0582 0.0571 0.0559
-1.4 0.0808 0.0793 0.0778 0.0764 0.0749 0.0735 0.0721 0.0708 0.0694 0.0681
-1.3 0.0968 0.0951 0.0934 0.0918 0.0901 0.0885 0.0869 0.0853 0.0838 0.0823
-1.2 0.1151 0.1131 0.1112 0.1093 0.1075 0.1056 0.1038 0.1020 0.1003 0.0985
-1.1 0.1357 0.1335 0.1314 0.1292 0.1271 0.1251 0.1230 0.1210 0.1190 0.1170
-1.0 0.1587 0.1562 0.1539 0.1515 0.1492 0.1469 0.1446 0.1423 0.1401 0.1379
-0.9 0.1841 0.1814 0.1788 0.1762 0.1736 0.1711 0.1685 0.1660 0.1635 0.1611
-0.8 0.2119 0.2090 0.2061 0.2033 0.2005 0.1977 0.1949 0.1922 0.1894 0.1867
-0.7 0.2420 0.2389 0.2358 0.2327 0.2296 0.2266 0.2236 0.2206 0.2177 0.2148
-0.6 0.2743 0.2709 0.2676 0.2643 0.2611 0.2578 0.2546 0.2514 0.2483 0.2451
-0.5 0.3085 0.3050 0.3015 0.2981 0.2946 0.2912 0.2877 0.2843 0.2810 0.2776
-0.4 0.3446 0.3409 0.3372 0.3336 0.3300 0.3264 0.3228 0.3192 0.3156 0.3121
-0.3 0.3821 0.3783 0.3745 0.3707 0.3669 0.3632 0.3594 0.3557 0.3520 0.3483
-0.2 0.4207 0.4168 0.4129 0.4090 0.4052 0.4013 0.3974 0.3936 0.3897 0.3859
-0.1 0.4602 0.4562 0.4522 0.4483 0.4443 0.4404 0.4364 0.4325 0.4286 0.4247
-0.0 0.5000 0.4960 0.4920 0.4880 0.4840 0.4801 0.4761 0.4721 0.4681 0.4641
0.0 0.5000 0.5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160 0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5319 0.5359
0.1 0.5398 0.5438 0.5478 0.5517 0.5557 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 0.5753
0.2 0.5793 0.5832 0.5871 0.5910 0.5948 0.5987 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141
0.3 0.6179 0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368 0.6406 0.6443 0.6480 0.6517
0.4 0.6554 0.6591 0.6628 0.6664 0.6700 0.6736 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879
0.5 0.6915 0.6950 0.6985 0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157 0.7190 0.7224
0.6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357 0.7389 0.7422 0.7454 0.7486 0.7517 0.7549
0.7 0.7580 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.7704 0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852
0.8 0.7881 0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133
0.9 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389
1.0 0.8413 0.8438 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621
1.1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790 0.8810 0.8830
1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015
1.3 0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099 0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177
1.4 0.9192 0.9207 0.9222 0.9236 0.9251 0.9265 0.9279 0.9292 0.9306 0.9319
1.5 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441
1.6 0.9452 0.9463 0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545
1.7 0.9554 0.9564 0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.9608 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633
1.8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.9706
1.9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767
2.0 0.9772 0.9778 0.9783 0.9788 0.9793 0.9798 0.9803 0.9808 0.9812 0.9817
2.1 0.9821 0.9826 0.9830 0.9834 0.9838 0.9842 0.9846 0.9850 0.9854 0.9857
2.2 0.9861 0.9864 0.9868 0.9871 0.9875 0.9878 0.9881 0.9884 0.9887 0.9890

9
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z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
2.3 0.9893 0.9896 0.9898 0.9901 0.9904 0.9906 0.9909 0.9911 0.9913 0.9916
2.4 0.9918 0.9920 0.9922 0.9925 0.9927 0.9929 0.9931 0.9932 0.9934 0.9936
2.5 0.9938 0.9940 0.9941 0.9943 0.9945 0.9946 0.9948 0.9949 0.9951 0.9952
2.6 0.9953 0.9955 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959 0.9960 0.9961 0.9962 0.9963 0.9964
2.7 0.9965 0.9966 0.9967 0.9968 0.9969 0.9970 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974
2.8 0.9974 0.9975 0.9976 0.9977 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979 0.9979 0.9980 0.9981
2.9 0.9981 0.9982 0.9982 0.9983 0.9984 0.9984 0.9985 0.9985 0.9986 0.9986
3.0 0.9987 0.9987 0.9987 0.9988 0.9988 0.9989 0.9989 0.9989 0.9990 0.9990
3.1 0.9990 0.9991 0.9991 0.9991 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9993 0.9993
3.2 0.9993 0.9993 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995
3.3 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9997
3.4 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9998
3.5 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998

t 分布之 t 值表(右單尾分布)
P(t > tα) = α
信賴區間的顯著水準 α
t值
Critical values tα
t0.250 t0.100 t0.050 t0.025 t0.010 t0.005
自由度 v
0.250 0.100 0.050 0.025 0.010 0.005
1 1.0000 3.0777 6.3138 12.7062 31.8205 63.6567
2 0.8165 1.8856 2.9200 4.3027 6.9646 9.9248
3 0.7649 1.6377 2.3534 3.1824 4.5407 5.8409
4 0.7407 1.5332 2.1318 2.7764 3.7469 4.6041
5 0.7267 1.4759 2.0150 2.5706 3.3649 4.0321
6 0.7176 1.4398 1.9432 2.4469 3.1427 3.7074
7 0.7111 1.4149 1.8946 2.3646 2.9980 3.4995
8 0.7064 1.3968 1.8595 2.3060 2.8965 3.3554
9 0.7027 1.3830 1.8331 2.2622 2.8214 3.2498
10 0.6998 1.3722 1.8125 2.2281 2.7638 3.1693
11 0.6974 1.3634 1.7959 2.2010 2.7181 3.1058
12 0.6955 1.3562 1.7823 2.1788 2.6810 3.0545
13 0.6938 1.3502 1.7709 2.1604 2.6503 3.0123
14 0.6924 1.3450 1.7613 2.1448 2.6245 2.9768
15 0.6912 1.3406 1.7531 2.1314 2.6025 2.9467
16 0.6901 1.3368 1.7459 2.1199 2.5835 2.9208
17 0.6892 1.3334 1.7396 2.1098 2.5669 2.8982
18 0.6884 1.3304 1.7341 2.1009 2.5524 2.8784
19 0.6876 1.3277 1.7291 2.0930 2.5395 2.8609
20 0.6870 1.3253 1.7247 2.0860 2.5280 2.8453
21 0.6864 1.3232 1.7207 2.0796 2.5176 2.8314
22 0.6858 1.3212 1.7171 2.0739 2.5083 2.8188
23 0.6853 1.3195 1.7139 2.0687 2.4999 2.8073
24 0.6848 1.3178 1.7109 2.0639 2.4922 2.7969
25 0.6844 1.3163 1.7081 2.0595 2.4851 2.7874
26 0.6840 1.3150 1.7056 2.0555 2.4786 2.7787
27 0.6837 1.3137 1.7033 2.0518 2.4727 2.7707
28 0.6834 1.3125 1.7011 2.0484 2.4671 2.7633
29 0.6830 1.3114 1.6991 2.0452 2.4620 2.7564
30 0.6828 1.3104 1.6973 2.0423 2.4573 2.7500
31 0.6825 1.3095 1.6955 2.0395 2.4528 2.7440
32 0.6822 1.3086 1.6939 2.0369 2.4487 2.7385
33 0.6820 1.3077 1.6924 2.0345 2.4448 2.7333
34 0.6818 1.3070 1.6909 2.0322 2.4411 2.7284
35 0.6816 1.3062 1.6896 2.0301 2.4377 2.7238
36 0.6814 1.3055 1.6883 2.0281 2.4345 2.7195
10
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信賴區間的顯著水準 α
t值
Critical values tα
t0.250 t0.100 t0.050 t0.025 t0.010 t0.005
自由度 v
0.250 0.100 0.050 0.025 0.010 0.005
37 0.6812 1.3049 1.6871 2.0262 2.4314 2.7154
38 0.6810 1.3042 1.6860 2.0244 2.4286 2.7116
39 0.6808 1.3036 1.6849 2.0227 2.4258 2.7079
40 0.6807 1.3031 1.6839 2.0211 2.4233 2.7045
41 0.6805 1.3025 1.6829 2.0195 2.4208 2.7012
42 0.6804 1.3020 1.6820 2.0181 2.4185 2.6981
43 0.6802 1.3016 1.6811 2.0167 2.4163 2.6951
44 0.6801 1.3011 1.6802 2.0154 2.4141 2.6923
45 0.6800 1.3006 1.6794 2.0141 2.4121 2.6896
46 0.6799 1.3002 1.6787 2.0129 2.4102 2.6870
47 0.6797 1.2998 1.6779 2.0117 2.4083 2.6846
48 0.6796 1.2994 1.6772 2.0106 2.4066 2.6822
49 0.6795 1.2991 1.6766 2.0096 2.4049 2.6800
50 0.6794 1.2987 1.6759 2.0086 2.4033 2.6778
51 0.6793 1.2984 1.6753 2.0076 2.4017 2.6757
52 0.6792 1.2980 1.6747 2.0066 2.4002 2.6737
53 0.6791 1.2977 1.6741 2.0057 2.3988 2.6718
54 0.6791 1.2974 1.6736 2.0049 2.3974 2.6700
55 0.6790 1.2971 1.6730 2.0040 2.3961 2.6682
56 0.6789 1.2969 1.6725 2.0032 2.3948 2.6665
57 0.6788 1.2966 1.6720 2.0025 2.3936 2.6649
58 0.6787 1.2963 1.6716 2.0017 2.3924 2.6633
59 0.6787 1.2961 1.6711 2.0010 2.3912 2.6618
60 0.6786 1.2958 1.6706 2.0003 2.3901 2.6603
70 0.6780 1.2938 1.6669 1.9944 2.3808 2.6479
80 0.6776 1.2922 1.6641 1.9901 2.3739 2.6387
90 0.6772 1.2910 1.6620 1.9867 2.3685 2.6316
100 0.6770 1.2901 1.6602 1.9840 2.3642 2.6259
110 0.6767 1.2893 1.6588 1.9818 2.3607 2.6213
120 0.6765 1.2886 1.6577 1.9799 2.3578 2.6174
 0.6745 1.2816 1.6448 1.9600 2.3263 2.5758

四位數亂數表
Table of random digits
0352 1099 5767 7871 0971 8573 4213 3953 6394 6347
5857 7981 4481 3467 0674 2445 8553 2272 4456 3746
2692 1991 6379 4633 7775 9681 7080 9581 4746 1787
6053 6568 9644 7367 5848 6621 8915 6829 7048 0367
7235 7761 9371 7613 2724 3962 2719 0514 1246 5203
8862 6672 6914 8713 0860 4722 8252 9726 0680 8005
4088 3531 7236 0001 0736 2632 6195 1975 9909 6667
4371 4740 0893 0386 2089 1848 0140 5715 6836 4756
3234 7150 0030 8981 9702 3364 3524 5917 5603 0875
1540 3988 1778 2265 7159 2521 6583 4739 2349 3572
5475 4168 0868 6437 0051 6219 7230 5127 8304 9049
6826 3398 5381 3787 0714 3056 4747 4640 9081 0550
5688 3697 2941 9840 2194 1227 2822 4032 5675 2130
5755 2090 2460 7432 4359 5415 2540 4425 2726 8249
0610 1123 4347 4415 4777 1478 8554 7151 4921 8941
6054 2739 8509 9139 9657 1986 3856 7930 9625 7171
6336 2174 9303 5295 6326 3107 1263 2925 7647 5041
9928 5663 1559 6954 4005 6482 6899 1278 4237 3912
2927 3388 3102 7228 0213 4755 4264 9867 2253 5658

11
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6612 3040 2643 4076 1552 3023 1764 8304 7388 0173
3329 6751 4498 2127 1384 8811 9946 681 5656 1142
0960 6281 7584 8754 5532 3956 6636 3332 7985 5329
0963 0029 3931 4261 0788 9754 7368 4988 4113 2100
3913 4736 3403 6424 2306 7487 0202 9366 6095 9137
3395 9314 4555 1995 0578 1163 4601 6143 0908 7743

卡方分布臨界值表
2 2
2
P(χ ≥ 𝜒𝛼2 ) =α P(𝜒1− 2
𝛼 ≤ χ ≤ 𝜒𝛼 ) = 1 – α
2 2

χ2 值 右尾機率值 α
自由度 0.995 0.990 0.975 0.950 0.900 0.100 0.050 0.025 0.010 0.005
1 0.0000 0.0002 0.0010 0.0039 0.0158 2.7055 3.8415 5.0239 6.6349 7.8794
2 0.0100 0.0201 0.0506 0.1026 0.2107 4.6052 5.9915 7.3778 9.2103 10.5966
3 0.0717 0.1148 0.2158 0.3518 0.5844 6.2514 7.8147 9.3484 11.3449 12.8382
4 0.2070 0.2971 0.4844 0.7107 1.0636 7.7794 9.4877 11.1433 13.2767 14.8603
5 0.4117 0.5543 0.8312 1.1455 1.6103 9.2364 11.0705 12.8325 15.0863 16.7496
6 0.6757 0.8721 1.2373 1.6354 2.2041 10.6446 12.5916 14.4494 16.8119 18.5476
7 0.9893 1.2390 1.6899 2.1673 2.8331 12.0170 14.0671 16.0128 18.4753 20.2777
8 1.3444 1.6465 2.1797 2.7326 3.4895 13.3616 15.5073 17.5345 20.0902 21.9550
9 1.7349 2.0879 2.7004 3.3251 4.1682 14.6837 16.9190 19.0228 21.6660 23.5894
10 2.1559 2.5582 3.2470 3.9403 4.8652 15.9872 18.3070 20.4832 23.2093 25.1882
11 2.6032 3.0535 3.8157 4.5748 5.5778 17.2750 19.6751 21.9200 24.7250 26.7568
12 3.0738 3.5706 4.4038 5.2260 6.3038 18.5493 21.0261 23.3367 26.2170 28.2995
13 3.5650 4.1069 5.0088 5.8919 7.0415 19.8119 22.3620 24.7356 27.6882 29.8195
14 4.0747 4.6604 5.6287 6.5706 7.7895 21.0641 23.6848 26.1189 29.1412 31.3193
15 4.6009 5.2293 6.2621 7.2609 8.5468 22.3071 24.9958 27.4884 30.5779 32.8013
16 5.1422 5.8122 6.9077 7.9616 9.3122 23.5418 26.2962 28.8454 31.9999 34.2672
17 5.6972 6.4078 7.5642 8.6718 10.0852 24.7690 27.5871 30.1910 33.4087 35.7185
18 6.2648 7.0149 8.2307 9.3905 10.8649 25.9894 28.8693 31.5264 34.8053 37.1565
19 6.8440 7.6327 8.9065 10.1170 11.6509 27.2036 30.1435 32.8523 36.1909 38.5823
20 7.4338 8.2604 9.5908 10.8508 12.4426 28.4120 31.4104 34.1696 37.5662 39.9968
21 8.0337 8.8972 10.2829 11.5913 13.2396 29.6151 32.6706 35.4789 38.9322 41.4011
22 8.6427 9.5425 10.9823 12.3380 14.0415 30.8133 33.9244 36.7807 40.2894 42.7957
23 9.2604 10.1957 11.6886 13.0905 14.8480 32.0069 35.1725 38.0756 41.6384 44.1813
24 9.8862 10.8564 12.4012 13.8484 15.6587 33.1962 36.4150 39.3641 42.9798 45.5585
25 10.5197 11.5240 13.1197 14.6114 16.4734 34.3816 37.6525 40.6465 44.3141 46.9279
26 11.1602 12.1981 13.8439 15.3792 17.2919 35.5632 38.8851 41.9232 45.6417 48.2899
27 11.8076 12.8785 14.5734 16.1514 18.1139 36.7412 40.1133 43.1945 46.9629 49.6449
28 12.4613 13.5647 15.3079 16.9279 18.9392 37.9159 41.3371 44.4608 48.2782 50.9934
29 13.1211 14.2565 16.0471 17.7084 19.7677 39.0875 42.5570 45.7223 49.5879 52.3356
30 13.7867 14.9535 16.7908 18.4927 20.5992 40.2560 43.7730 46.9792 50.8922 53.6720
40 20.7065 22.1643 24.4330 26.5093 29.0505 51.8051 55.7585 59.3417 63.6907 66.7660
50 27.9907 29.7067 32.3574 34.7643 37.6886 63.1671 67.5048 71.4202 76.1539 79.4900
60 35.5345 37.4849 40.4817 43.1880 46.4589 74.3970 79.0819 83.2977 88.3794 91.9517
70 43.2752 45.4417 48.7576 51.7393 55.3289 85.5270 90.5312 95.0232 100.4252 104.2149
80 51.1719 53.5401 57.1532 60.3915 64.2778 96.5782 101.8795 106.6286 112.3288 116.3211
90 59.1963 61.7541 65.6466 69.1260 73.2911 107.5650 113.1453 118.1359 124.1163 128.2989
100 67.3276 70.0649 74.2219 77.9295 82.3581 118.4980 124.3421 129.5612 135.8067 140.1695
110 75.5500 78.4583 82.8671 86.7916 91.4710 129.3851 135.4802 140.9166 147.4143 151.9485
120 83.8516 86.9233 91.5726 95.7046 100.6236 140.2326 146.5674 152.2114 158.9502 163.6482

F-分布臨界值表
P(F > 𝐹𝛼,𝑣1,𝑣2 ) = α = 0.10

12
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v1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
v2
1 39.8635 49.5000 53.5932 55.8330 57.2401 58.2044 58.9060 59.4390 59.8576 60.1950
2 8.5263 9.0000 9.1618 9.2434 9.2926 9.3255 9.3491 9.3668 9.3805 9.3916
3 5.5383 5.4624 5.3908 5.3426 5.3092 5.2847 5.2662 5.2517 5.2400 5.2304
4 4.5448 4.3246 4.1909 4.1072 4.0506 4.0097 3.9790 3.9549 3.9357 3.9199
5 4.0604 3.7797 3.6195 3.5202 3.4530 3.4045 3.3679 3.3393 3.3163 3.2974
6 3.7759 3.4633 3.2888 3.1808 3.1075 3.0546 3.0145 2.9830 2.9577 2.9369
7 3.5894 3.2574 3.0741 2.9605 2.8833 2.8274 2.7849 2.7516 2.7247 2.7025
8 3.4579 3.1131 2.9238 2.8064 2.7264 2.6683 2.6241 2.5893 2.5612 2.5380
9 3.3603 3.0065 2.8129 2.6927 2.6106 2.5509 2.5053 2.4694 2.4403 2.4163
10 3.2850 2.9245 2.7277 2.6053 2.5216 2.4606 2.4140 2.3772 2.3473 2.3226
11 3.2252 2.8595 2.6602 2.5362 2.4512 2.3891 2.3416 2.3040 2.2735 2.2482
12 3.1765 2.8068 2.6055 2.4801 2.3940 2.3310 2.2828 2.2446 2.2135 2.1878
13 3.1362 2.7632 2.5603 2.4337 2.3467 2.2830 2.2341 2.1953 2.1638 2.1376
14 3.1022 2.7265 2.5222 2.3947 2.3069 2.2426 2.1931 2.1539 2.1220 2.0954
15 3.0732 2.6952 2.4898 2.3614 2.2730 2.2081 2.1582 2.1185 2.0862 2.0593
16 3.0481 2.6682 2.4618 2.3327 2.2438 2.1783 2.1280 2.0880 2.0553 2.0281
17 3.0262 2.6446 2.4374 2.3077 2.2183 2.1524 2.1017 2.0613 2.0284 2.0009
18 3.0070 2.6239 2.4160 2.2858 2.1958 2.1296 2.0785 2.0379 2.0047 1.9770
19 2.9899 2.6056 2.3970 2.2663 2.1760 2.1094 2.0580 2.0171 1.9836 1.9557
20 2.9747 2.5893 2.3801 2.2489 2.1582 2.0913 2.0397 1.9985 1.9649 1.9367
21 2.9610 2.5746 2.3649 2.2333 2.1423 2.0751 2.0233 1.9819 1.9480 1.9197
22 2.9486 2.5613 2.3512 2.2193 2.1279 2.0605 2.0084 1.9668 1.9327 1.9043
23 2.9374 2.5493 2.3387 2.2065 2.1149 2.0472 1.9949 1.9531 1.9189 1.8903
24 2.9271 2.5383 2.3274 2.1949 2.1030 2.0351 1.9826 1.9407 1.9063 1.8775
25 2.9177 2.5283 2.3170 2.1842 2.0922 2.0241 1.9714 1.9292 1.8947 1.8658
26 2.9091 2.5191 2.3075 2.1745 2.0822 2.0139 1.9610 1.9188 1.8841 1.8550
27 2.9012 2.5106 2.2987 2.1655 2.0730 2.0045 1.9515 1.9091 1.8743 1.8451
28 2.8938 2.5028 2.2906 2.1571 2.0645 1.9959 1.9427 1.9001 1.8652 1.8359
29 2.8870 2.4955 2.2831 2.1494 2.0566 1.9878 1.9345 1.8918 1.8568 1.8274
30 2.8807 2.4887 2.2761 2.1422 2.0492 1.9803 1.9269 1.8841 1.8490 1.8195
40 2.8354 2.4404 2.2261 2.0909 1.9968 1.9269 1.8725 1.8289 1.7929 1.7627
50 2.8087 2.4120 2.1967 2.0608 1.9660 1.8954 1.8405 1.7963 1.7598 1.7291
60 2.7911 2.3933 2.1774 2.0410 1.9457 1.8747 1.8194 1.7748 1.7380 1.7070
70 2.7786 2.3800 2.1637 2.0269 1.9313 1.8600 1.8044 1.7596 1.7225 1.6913
80 2.7693 2.3701 2.1535 2.0165 1.9206 1.8491 1.7933 1.7483 1.7110 1.6796
90 2.7621 2.3625 2.1457 2.0084 1.9123 1.8406 1.7846 1.7395 1.7021 1.6705
100 2.7564 2.3564 2.1394 2.0019 1.9057 1.8339 1.7778 1.7324 1.6949 1.6632
110 2.7517 2.3515 2.1343 1.9967 1.9004 1.8284 1.7721 1.7267 1.6891 1.6573
120 2.7478 2.3473 2.1300 1.9923 1.8959 1.8238 1.7675 1.7220 1.6842 1.6524
∞ 2.7055 2.3026 2.0838 1.9449 1.8473 1.7741 1.7167 1.6702 1.6315 1.5987

F-分布臨界值表
P(F > 𝐹𝛼,𝑣1,𝑣2 ) = α = 0.10
v1
10 12 15 20 24 30 40 50 60 120 ∞
v2
1 60.1950 60.7052 61.2203 61.7403 62.0020 62.2650 62.5291 62.6881 62.7943 63.0606 63.3281
2 9.3916 9.4081 9.4247 9.4413 9.4496 9.4579 9.4662 9.4712 9.4746 9.4829 9.4912
3 5.2304 5.2156 5.2003 5.1845 5.1764 5.1681 5.1597 5.1546 5.1512 5.1425 5.1337
4 3.9199 3.8955 3.8704 3.8443 3.8310 3.8174 3.8036 3.7952 3.7896 3.7753 3.7607
5 3.2974 3.2682 3.2380 3.2067 3.1905 3.1741 3.1573 3.1471 3.1402 3.1228 3.1050
6 2.9369 2.9047 2.8712 2.8363 2.8183 2.8000 2.7812 2.7697 2.7620 2.7423 2.7222
7 2.7025 2.6681 2.6322 2.5947 2.5753 2.5555 2.5351 2.5226 2.5142 2.4928 2.4708
8 2.5380 2.5020 2.4642 2.4246 2.4041 2.3830 2.3614 2.3481 2.3391 2.3162 2.2926
9 2.4163 2.3789 2.3396 2.2983 2.2768 2.2547 2.2320 2.2180 2.2085 2.1843 2.1592
10 2.3226 2.2841 2.2435 2.2007 2.1784 2.1554 2.1317 2.1171 2.1072 2.0818 2.0554
11 2.2482 2.2087 2.1671 2.1230 2.1000 2.0762 2.0516 2.0364 2.0261 1.9997 1.9721
12 2.1878 2.1474 2.1049 2.0597 2.0360 2.0115 1.9861 1.9704 1.9597 1.9323 1.9036
13 2.1376 2.0966 2.0532 2.0070 1.9827 1.9576 1.9315 1.9153 1.9043 1.8759 1.8462
14 2.0954 2.0537 2.0095 1.9625 1.9377 1.9119 1.8852 1.8686 1.8572 1.8280 1.7973
13
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v1
10 12 15 20 24 30 40 50 60 120 ∞
v2
15 2.0593 2.0171 1.9722 1.9243 1.8990 1.8728 1.8454 1.8284 1.8168 1.7867 1.7551
16 2.0281 1.9854 1.9399 1.8913 1.8656 1.8388 1.8108 1.7934 1.7816 1.7507 1.7182
17 2.0009 1.9577 1.9117 1.8624 1.8362 1.8090 1.7805 1.7628 1.7506 1.7191 1.6856
18 1.9770 1.9333 1.8868 1.8368 1.8103 1.7827 1.7537 1.7356 1.7232 1.6910 1.6567
19 1.9557 1.9117 1.8647 1.8142 1.7873 1.7592 1.7298 1.7114 1.6988 1.6659 1.6308
20 1.9367 1.8924 1.8449 1.7938 1.7667 1.7382 1.7083 1.6896 1.6768 1.6433 1.6074
21 1.9197 1.8750 1.8271 1.7756 1.7481 1.7193 1.6890 1.6700 1.6569 1.6228 1.5862
22 1.9043 1.8593 1.8111 1.7590 1.7312 1.7021 1.6714 1.6521 1.6389 1.6041 1.5668
23 1.8903 1.8450 1.7964 1.7439 1.7159 1.6864 1.6554 1.6358 1.6224 1.5871 1.5490
24 1.8775 1.8319 1.7831 1.7302 1.7019 1.6721 1.6407 1.6209 1.6073 1.5715 1.5327
25 1.8658 1.8200 1.7708 1.7175 1.6890 1.6589 1.6272 1.6072 1.5934 1.5570 1.5176
26 1.8550 1.8090 1.7596 1.7059 1.6771 1.6468 1.6147 1.5945 1.5805 1.5437 1.5036
27 1.8451 1.7989 1.7492 1.6951 1.6662 1.6356 1.6032 1.5827 1.5686 1.5313 1.4906
28 1.8359 1.7895 1.7395 1.6852 1.6560 1.6252 1.5925 1.5718 1.5575 1.5198 1.4784
29 1.8274 1.7808 1.7306 1.6759 1.6465 1.6155 1.5825 1.5617 1.5472 1.5090 1.4670
30 1.8195 1.7727 1.7223 1.6673 1.6377 1.6065 1.5732 1.5522 1.5376 1.4989 1.4564
40 1.7627 1.7146 1.6624 1.6052 1.5741 1.5411 1.5056 1.4830 1.4672 1.4248 1.3769
50 1.7291 1.6802 1.6269 1.5681 1.5361 1.5018 1.4648 1.4409 1.4242 1.3789 1.3267
60 1.7070 1.6574 1.6034 1.5435 1.5107 1.4755 1.4373 1.4126 1.3952 1.3476 1.2915
70 1.6913 1.6413 1.5866 1.5259 1.4926 1.4567 1.4176 1.3922 1.3742 1.3246 1.2652
80 1.6796 1.6292 1.5741 1.5128 1.4790 1.4426 1.4027 1.3767 1.3583 1.3071 1.2446
90 1.6705 1.6199 1.5644 1.5025 1.4684 1.4315 1.3911 1.3646 1.3457 1.2932 1.2280
100 1.6632 1.6124 1.5566 1.4943 1.4600 1.4227 1.3817 1.3548 1.3356 1.2819 1.2142
110 1.6573 1.6063 1.5503 1.4877 1.4530 1.4154 1.3740 1.3468 1.3273 1.2725 1.2026
120 1.6524 1.6012 1.5450 1.4821 1.4472 1.4094 1.3676 1.3400 1.3203 1.2646 1.1926
∞ 1.5987 1.5458 1.4871 1.4206 1.3832 1.3419 1.2951 1.2633 1.2399 1.1686 1.0000

F-分布臨界值表
P(F > 𝐹𝛼,𝑣1,𝑣2 ) = α = 0.05
v1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
v2
1 161.4476 199.5000 215.7073 224.5832 230.1619 233.9860 236.7684 238.8827 240.5433 241.8817
2 18.5128 19.0000 19.1643 19.2468 19.2964 19.3295 19.3532 19.3710 19.3848 19.3959
3 10.1280 9.5521 9.2766 9.1172 9.0135 8.9406 8.8867 8.8452 8.8123 8.7855
4 7.7086 6.9443 6.5914 6.3882 6.2561 6.1631 6.0942 6.0410 5.9988 5.9644
5 6.6079 5.7861 5.4095 5.1922 5.0503 4.9503 4.8759 4.8183 4.7725 4.7351
6 5.9874 5.1433 4.7571 4.5337 4.3874 4.2839 4.2067 4.1468 4.0990 4.0600
7 5.5914 4.7374 4.3468 4.1203 3.9715 3.8660 3.7870 3.7257 3.6767 3.6365
8 5.3177 4.4590 4.0662 3.8379 3.6875 3.5806 3.5005 3.4381 3.3881 3.3472
9 5.1174 4.2565 3.8625 3.6331 3.4817 3.3738 3.2927 3.2296 3.1789 3.1373
10 4.9646 4.1028 3.7083 3.4780 3.3258 3.2172 3.1355 3.0717 3.0204 2.9782
11 4.8443 3.9823 3.5874 3.3567 3.2039 3.0946 3.0123 2.9480 2.8962 2.8536
12 4.7472 3.8853 3.4903 3.2592 3.1059 2.9961 2.9134 2.8486 2.7964 2.7534
13 4.6672 3.8056 3.4105 3.1791 3.0254 2.9153 2.8321 2.7669 2.7144 2.6710
14 4.6001 3.7389 3.3439 3.1122 2.9582 2.8477 2.7642 2.6987 2.6458 2.6022
15 4.5431 3.6823 3.2874 3.0556 2.9013 2.7905 2.7066 2.6408 2.5876 2.5437
16 4.4940 3.6337 3.2389 3.0069 2.8524 2.7413 2.6572 2.5911 2.5377 2.4935
17 4.4513 3.5915 3.1968 2.9647 2.8100 2.6987 2.6143 2.5480 2.4943 2.4499
18 4.4139 3.5546 3.1599 2.9277 2.7729 2.6613 2.5767 2.5102 2.4563 2.4117
19 4.3807 3.5219 3.1274 2.8951 2.7401 2.6283 2.5435 2.4768 2.4227 2.3779
20 4.3512 3.4928 3.0984 2.8661 2.7109 2.5990 2.5140 2.4471 2.3928 2.3479
21 4.3248 3.4668 3.0725 2.8401 2.6848 2.5727 2.4876 2.4205 2.3660 2.3210
22 4.3009 3.4434 3.0491 2.8167 2.6613 2.5491 2.4638 2.3965 2.3419 2.2967
23 4.2793 3.4221 3.0280 2.7955 2.6400 2.5277 2.4422 2.3748 2.3201 2.2747
24 4.2597 3.4028 3.0088 2.7763 2.6207 2.5082 2.4226 2.3551 2.3002 2.2547
25 4.2417 3.3852 2.9912 2.7587 2.6030 2.4904 2.4047 2.3371 2.2821 2.2365
26 4.2252 3.3690 2.9752 2.7426 2.5868 2.4741 2.3883 2.3205 2.2655 2.2197
27 4.2100 3.3541 2.9604 2.7278 2.5719 2.4591 2.3732 2.3053 2.2501 2.2043
28 4.1960 3.3404 2.9467 2.7141 2.5581 2.4453 2.3593 2.2913 2.2360 2.1900
14
6/14/2021 2:36:59 PM
v1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
v2
29 4.1830 3.3277 2.9340 2.7014 2.5454 2.4324 2.3463 2.2783 2.2229 2.1768
30 4.1709 3.3158 2.9223 2.6896 2.5336 2.4205 2.3343 2.2662 2.2107 2.1646
40 4.0847 3.2317 2.8387 2.6060 2.4495 2.3359 2.2490 2.1802 2.1240 2.0772
50 4.0343 3.1826 2.7900 2.5572 2.4004 2.2864 2.1992 2.1299 2.0734 2.0261
60 4.0012 3.1504 2.7581 2.5252 2.3683 2.2541 2.1665 2.0970 2.0401 1.9926
70 3.9778 3.1277 2.7355 2.5027 2.3456 2.2312 2.1435 2.0737 2.0166 1.9689
80 3.9604 3.1108 2.7188 2.4859 2.3287 2.2142 2.1263 2.0564 1.9991 1.9512
90 3.9469 3.0977 2.7058 2.4729 2.3157 2.2011 2.1131 2.0430 1.9856 1.9376
100 3.9361 3.0873 2.6955 2.4626 2.3053 2.1906 2.1025 2.0323 1.9748 1.9267
110 3.9274 3.0788 2.6871 2.4542 2.2969 2.1821 2.0939 2.0236 1.9661 1.9178
120 3.9201 3.0718 2.6802 2.4472 2.2899 2.1750 2.0868 2.0164 1.9588 1.9105
∞ 3.8415 2.9957 2.6049 2.3719 2.2141 2.0986 2.0096 1.9384 1.8799 1.8307

α = 0.05
v1
12 15 20 24 30 40 50 60 120 ∞
v2
1 243.9060 245.9499 248.0131 249.0518 250.0951 251.1432 251.7742 252.1957 253.2529 254.3144
2 19.4125 19.4291 19.4458 19.4541 19.4624 19.4707 19.4757 19.4791 19.4874 19.4957
3 8.7446 8.7029 8.6602 8.6385 8.6166 8.5944 8.5810 8.5720 8.5494 8.5265
4 5.9117 5.8578 5.8025 5.7744 5.7459 5.7170 5.6995 5.6877 5.6581 5.6281
5 4.6777 4.6188 4.5581 4.5272 4.4957 4.4638 4.4444 4.4314 4.3985 4.3650
6 3.9999 3.9381 3.8742 3.8415 3.8082 3.7743 3.7537 3.7398 3.7047 3.6689
7 3.5747 3.5107 3.4445 3.4105 3.3758 3.3404 3.3189 3.3043 3.2674 3.2298
8 3.2839 3.2184 3.1503 3.1152 3.0794 3.0428 3.0204 3.0053 2.9669 2.9276
9 3.0729 3.0061 2.9365 2.9005 2.8637 2.8259 2.8028 2.7872 2.7475 2.7067
10 2.9130 2.8450 2.7740 2.7372 2.6996 2.6609 2.6371 2.6211 2.5801 2.5379
11 2.7876 2.7186 2.6464 2.6090 2.5705 2.5309 2.5066 2.4901 2.4480 2.4045
12 2.6866 2.6169 2.5436 2.5055 2.4663 2.4259 2.4010 2.3842 2.3410 2.2962
13 2.6037 2.5331 2.4589 2.4202 2.3803 2.3392 2.3138 2.2966 2.2524 2.2064
14 2.5342 2.4630 2.3879 2.3487 2.3082 2.2664 2.2405 2.2229 2.1778 2.1307
15 2.4753 2.4034 2.3275 2.2878 2.2468 2.2043 2.1780 2.1601 2.1141 2.0658
16 2.4247 2.3522 2.2756 2.2354 2.1938 2.1507 2.1240 2.1058 2.0589 2.0096
17 2.3807 2.3077 2.2304 2.1898 2.1477 2.1040 2.0769 2.0584 2.0107 1.9604
18 2.3421 2.2686 2.1906 2.1497 2.1071 2.0629 2.0354 2.0166 1.9681 1.9168
19 2.3080 2.2341 2.1555 2.1141 2.0712 2.0264 1.9986 1.9795 1.9302 1.8780
20 2.2776 2.2033 2.1242 2.0825 2.0391 1.9938 1.9656 1.9464 1.8963 1.8432
21 2.2504 2.1757 2.0960 2.0540 2.0102 1.9645 1.9360 1.9165 1.8657 1.8117
22 2.2258 2.1508 2.0707 2.0283 1.9842 1.9380 1.9092 1.8894 1.8380 1.7831
23 2.2036 2.1282 2.0476 2.0050 1.9605 1.9139 1.8848 1.8648 1.8128 1.7570
24 2.1834 2.1077 2.0267 1.9838 1.9390 1.8920 1.8625 1.8424 1.7896 1.7330
25 2.1649 2.0889 2.0075 1.9643 1.9192 1.8718 1.8421 1.8217 1.7684 1.7110
26 2.1479 2.0716 1.9898 1.9464 1.9010 1.8533 1.8233 1.8027 1.7488 1.6906
27 2.1323 2.0558 1.9736 1.9299 1.8842 1.8361 1.8059 1.7851 1.7306 1.6717
28 2.1179 2.0411 1.9586 1.9147 1.8687 1.8203 1.7898 1.7689 1.7138 1.6541
29 2.1045 2.0275 1.9446 1.9005 1.8543 1.8055 1.7748 1.7537 1.6981 1.6376
30 2.0921 2.0148 1.9317 1.8874 1.8409 1.7918 1.7609 1.7396 1.6835 1.6223
40 2.0035 1.9245 1.8389 1.7929 1.7444 1.6928 1.6600 1.6373 1.5766 1.5089
50 1.9515 1.8714 1.7841 1.7371 1.6872 1.6337 1.5995 1.5757 1.5115 1.4383
60 1.9174 1.8364 1.7480 1.7001 1.6491 1.5943 1.5590 1.5343 1.4673 1.3893
70 1.8932 1.8117 1.7223 1.6738 1.6220 1.5661 1.5300 1.5046 1.4351 1.3529
80 1.8753 1.7932 1.7032 1.6542 1.6017 1.5449 1.5081 1.4821 1.4107 1.3247
90 1.8613 1.7789 1.6883 1.6389 1.5859 1.5284 1.4910 1.4645 1.3914 1.3020
100 1.8503 1.7675 1.6764 1.6267 1.5733 1.5151 1.4772 1.4504 1.3757 1.2832
110 1.8412 1.7582 1.6667 1.6167 1.5630 1.5043 1.4660 1.4388 1.3628 1.2674
120 1.8337 1.7505 1.6587 1.6084 1.5543 1.4952 1.4565 1.4290 1.3519 1.2539
∞ 1.7522 1.6664 1.5705 1.5173 1.4591 1.3940 1.3501 1.3180 1.2214 1.0007

F-分布臨界值表
15
6/14/2021 2:36:59 PM
P(F > 𝐹𝛼,𝑣1,𝑣2 ) = α = 0.025
v1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
v2
1 647.7890 799.5000 864.1630 899.5833 921.8479 937.1111 948.2169 956.6562 963.2846 968.6274 973.0252 976.7079
2 38.5063 39.0000 39.1655 39.2484 39.2982 39.3315 39.3552 39.3730 39.3869 39.3980 39.4071 39.4146
3 17.4434 4.6189 9.9792 4.7181 9.3645 4.3197 9.0741 4.1020 8.9047 4.2951 8.7935 4.1997
4 12.2179 10.6491 9.9792 9.6045 9.3645 9.1973 9.0741 8.9796 8.9047 8.8439 8.7935 8.7512
5 10.0070 8.4336 7.7636 7.3879 7.1464 6.9777 6.8531 6.7572 6.6811 6.6192 6.5678 6.5245
6 8.8131 7.2599 6.5988 6.2272 5.9876 5.8198 5.6955 5.5996 5.5234 5.4613 5.4098 5.3662
7 8.0727 6.5415 5.8898 5.5226 5.2852 5.1186 4.9949 4.8993 4.8232 4.7611 4.7095 4.6658
8 7.5709 6.0595 5.4160 5.0526 4.8173 4.6517 4.5286 4.4333 4.3572 4.2951 4.2434 4.1997
9 7.2093 5.7147 5.0781 4.7181 4.4844 4.3197 4.1970 4.1020 4.0260 3.9639 3.9121 3.8682
10 6.9367 5.4564 4.8256 4.4683 4.2361 4.0721 3.9498 3.8549 3.7790 3.7168 3.6649 3.6209
11 6.7241 5.2559 4.6300 4.2751 4.0440 3.8807 3.7586 3.6638 3.5879 3.5257 3.4737 3.4296
12 6.5538 5.0959 4.4742 4.1212 3.8911 3.7283 3.6065 3.5118 3.4358 3.3736 3.3215 3.2773
13 6.4143 4.9653 4.3472 3.9959 3.7667 3.6043 3.4827 3.3880 3.3120 3.2497 3.1975 3.1532
14 6.2979 4.8567 4.2417 3.8919 3.6634 3.5014 3.3799 3.2853 3.2093 3.1469 3.0946 3.0502
15 6.1995 4.7650 4.1528 3.8043 3.5764 3.4147 3.2934 3.1987 3.1227 3.0602 3.0078 2.9633
16 6.1151 4.6867 4.0768 3.7294 3.5021 3.3406 3.2194 3.1248 3.0488 2.9862 2.9337 2.8890
17 6.0420 4.6189 4.0112 3.6648 3.4379 3.2767 3.1556 3.0610 2.9849 2.9222 2.8696 2.8249
18 5.9781 4.5597 3.9539 3.6083 3.3820 3.2209 3.0999 3.0053 2.9291 2.8664 2.8137 2.7689
19 5.9216 4.5075 3.9034 3.5587 3.3327 3.1718 3.0509 2.9563 2.8801 2.8172 2.7645 2.7196
20 5.8715 4.4613 3.8587 3.5147 3.2891 3.1283 3.0074 2.9128 2.8365 2.7737 2.7209 2.6758
21 5.8266 4.4199 3.8188 3.4754 3.2501 3.0895 2.9686 2.8740 2.7977 2.7348 2.6819 2.6368
22 5.7863 4.3828 3.7829 3.4401 3.2151 3.0546 2.9338 2.8392 2.7628 2.6998 2.6469 2.6017
23 5.7498 4.3492 3.7505 3.4083 3.1835 3.0232 2.9023 2.8077 2.7313 2.6682 2.6152 2.5699
24 5.7166 4.3187 3.7211 3.3794 3.1548 2.9946 2.8738 2.7791 2.7027 2.6396 2.5865 2.5411
25 5.6864 4.2909 3.6943 3.3530 3.1287 2.9685 2.8478 2.7531 2.6766 2.6135 2.5603 2.5149
26 5.6586 4.2655 3.6697 3.3289 3.1048 2.9447 2.8240 2.7293 2.6528 2.5896 2.5363 2.4908
27 5.6331 4.2421 3.6472 3.3067 3.0828 2.9228 2.8021 2.7074 2.6309 2.5676 2.5143 2.4688
28 5.6096 4.2205 3.6264 3.2863 3.0626 2.9027 2.7820 2.6872 2.6106 2.5473 2.4940 2.4484
29 5.5878 4.2006 3.6072 3.2674 3.0438 2.8840 2.7633 2.6686 2.5919 2.5286 2.4752 2.4295
30 5.5675 4.1821 3.5894 3.2499 3.0265 2.8667 2.7460 2.6513 2.5746 2.5112 2.4577 2.4120
40 5.4239 4.0510 3.4633 3.1261 2.9037 2.7444 2.6238 2.5289 2.4519 2.3882 2.3343 2.2882
50 5.3403 3.9749 3.3902 3.0544 2.8327 2.6736 2.5530 2.4579 2.3808 2.3168 2.2627 2.2162
60 5.2856 3.9253 3.3425 3.0077 2.7863 2.6274 2.5068 2.4117 2.3344 2.2702 2.2159 2.1692
70 5.2470 3.8903 3.3090 2.9748 2.7537 2.5949 2.4743 2.3791 2.3017 2.2374 2.1829 2.1361
80 5.2184 3.8643 3.2841 2.9504 2.7295 2.5708 2.4502 2.3549 2.2775 2.2130 2.1584 2.1115
90 5.1962 3.8443 3.2649 2.9315 2.7109 2.5522 2.4316 2.3363 2.2588 2.1942 2.1395 2.0925
100 5.1786 3.8284 3.2496 2.9166 2.6961 2.5374 2.4168 2.3215 2.2439 2.1793 2.1245 2.0773
110 5.1642 3.8154 3.2372 2.9044 2.6840 2.5254 2.4048 2.3094 2.2318 2.1671 2.1123 2.0650
120 5.1523 3.8046 3.2269 2.8943 2.6740 2.5154 2.3948 2.2994 2.2217 2.1570 2.1021 2.0548
140 5.1337 3.7878 3.2108 2.8785 2.6583 2.4998 2.3792 2.2838 2.2060 2.1412 2.0862 2.0388
160 5.1198 3.7753 3.1988 2.8667 2.6467 2.4882 2.3675 2.2721 2.1943 2.1294 2.0744 2.0269
180 5.1090 3.7655 3.1894 2.8576 2.6376 2.4792 2.3585 2.2630 2.1852 2.1203 2.0652 2.0177
200 5.1004 3.7578 3.1820 2.8503 2.6304 2.4720 2.3513 2.2558 2.1780 2.1130 2.0578 2.0103
∞ 5.0239 3.6889 3.1161 2.7858 2.5665 2.4082 2.2875 2.1918 2.1136 2.0483 1.9927 1.9447

F-分布臨界值表
P(F > 𝐹𝛼,𝑣1,𝑣2 ) = α = 0.025
v1
13 14 15 20 30 40 50 60 100 120 ∞
v2
1 979.8368 982.5278 984.8668 993.1028 1001.4144 1005.5981 1008.1171 1009.8001 1013.1748 1014.0202 1018.2274
2 39.4210 39.4265 39.4313 39.4479 39.4646 39.4729 39.4779 39.4812 39.4879 39.4896 39.4977
3 8.7150 4.1297 8.6565 3.9995 14.0805 2.6742 39.4779 1.8133 1013.1748 1.2895 1018.2274
4 8.7150 8.6838 8.6565 8.5599 8.4613 8.4111 8.3808 8.3604 8.3195 8.3092 8.2573
5 6.4876 6.4556 6.4277 6.3286 6.2269 6.1750 6.1436 6.1225 6.0800 6.0693 6.0153
6 5.3290 5.2968 5.2687 5.1684 5.0652 5.0125 4.9804 4.9589 4.9154 4.9044 4.8491
7 4.6285 4.5961 4.5678 4.4667 4.3624 4.3089 4.2763 4.2544 4.2101 4.1989 4.1423
8 4.1622 4.1297 4.1012 3.9995 3.8940 3.8398 3.8067 3.7844 3.7393 3.7279 3.6702
9 3.8306 3.7980 3.7694 3.6669 3.5604 3.5055 3.4719 3.4493 3.4034 3.3918 3.3328
10 3.5832 3.5504 3.5217 3.4185 3.3110 3.2554 3.2214 3.1984 3.1517 3.1399 3.0798
11 3.3917 3.3588 3.3299 3.2261 3.1176 3.0613 3.0268 3.0035 2.9561 2.9441 2.8828
12 3.2393 3.2062 3.1772 3.0728 2.9633 2.9063 2.8714 2.8478 2.7996 2.7874 2.7249
13 3.1150 3.0819 3.0527 2.9477 2.8372 2.7797 2.7443 2.7204 2.6715 2.6590 2.5955
14 3.0119 2.9786 2.9493 2.8437 2.7324 2.6742 2.6384 2.6142 2.5646 2.5519 2.4872
16
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v1
13 14 15 20 30 40 50 60 100 120 ∞
v2
15 2.9249 2.8915 2.8621 2.7559 2.6437 2.5850 2.5488 2.5242 2.4739 2.4611 2.3953
16 2.8506 2.8170 2.7875 2.6808 2.5678 2.5085 2.4719 2.4471 2.3961 2.3831 2.3163
17 2.7863 2.7526 2.7230 2.6158 2.5020 2.4422 2.4053 2.3801 2.3285 2.3153 2.2474
18 2.7302 2.6964 2.6667 2.5590 2.4445 2.3842 2.3468 2.3214 2.2692 2.2558 2.1869
19 2.6808 2.6469 2.6171 2.5089 2.3937 2.3329 2.2952 2.2696 2.2167 2.2032 2.1333
20 2.6369 2.6030 2.5731 2.4645 2.3486 2.2873 2.2493 2.2234 2.1699 2.1562 2.0853
21 2.5978 2.5638 2.5338 2.4247 2.3082 2.2465 2.2081 2.1819 2.1280 2.1141 2.0422
22 2.5626 2.5285 2.4984 2.3890 2.2718 2.2097 2.1710 2.1446 2.0901 2.0760 2.0032
23 2.5308 2.4966 2.4665 2.3567 2.2389 2.1763 2.1374 2.1107 2.0557 2.0415 1.9677
24 2.5019 2.4677 2.4374 2.3273 2.2090 2.1460 2.1067 2.0799 2.0243 2.0099 1.9353
25 2.4756 2.4413 2.4110 2.3005 2.1816 2.1183 2.0787 2.0516 1.9955 1.9811 1.9055
26 2.4515 2.4171 2.3867 2.2759 2.1565 2.0928 2.0530 2.0257 1.9691 1.9545 1.8781
27 2.4293 2.3949 2.3644 2.2533 2.1334 2.0693 2.0293 2.0018 1.9447 1.9299 1.8527
28 2.4089 2.3743 2.3438 2.2324 2.1121 2.0477 2.0073 1.9797 1.9221 1.9072 1.8291
29 2.3900 2.3554 2.3248 2.2131 2.0923 2.0276 1.9870 1.9591 1.9011 1.8861 1.8072
30 2.3724 2.3378 2.3072 2.1952 2.0739 2.0089 1.9681 1.9400 1.8816 1.8664 1.7867
40 2.2481 2.2130 2.1819 2.0677 1.9429 1.8752 1.8324 1.8028 1.7405 1.7242 1.6371
50 2.1758 2.1404 2.1090 1.9933 1.8659 1.7963 1.7520 1.7211 1.6558 1.6386 1.5452
60 2.1286 2.0929 2.0613 1.9445 1.8152 1.7440 1.6985 1.6668 1.5990 1.5810 1.4821
70 2.0953 2.0595 2.0277 1.9100 1.7792 1.7069 1.6604 1.6279 1.5581 1.5394 1.4357
80 2.0706 2.0346 2.0026 1.8843 1.7523 1.6790 1.6318 1.5987 1.5271 1.5079 1.3997
90 2.0515 2.0154 1.9833 1.8644 1.7315 1.6574 1.6095 1.5758 1.5028 1.4831 1.3710
100 2.0363 2.0001 1.9679 1.8486 1.7148 1.6401 1.5917 1.5575 1.4833 1.4631 1.3473
110 2.0239 1.9876 1.9554 1.8356 1.7013 1.6259 1.5771 1.5425 1.4671 1.4466 1.3274
120 2.0136 1.9773 1.9450 1.8249 1.6899 1.6141 1.5649 1.5299 1.4536 1.4327 1.3104
140 1.9975 1.9611 1.9287 1.8081 1.6722 1.5956 1.5456 1.5101 1.4321 1.4106 1.2828
160 1.9855 1.9490 1.9165 1.7955 1.6589 1.5817 1.5312 1.4952 1.4158 1.3938 1.2611
180 1.9762 1.9396 1.9071 1.7858 1.6485 1.5708 1.5199 1.4835 1.4030 1.3806 1.2436
200 1.9688 1.9322 1.8996 1.7780 1.6403 1.5621 1.5108 1.4742 1.3927 1.3700 1.2290
∞ 1.9027 1.8656 1.8326 1.7085 1.5660 1.4835 1.4284 1.3883 1.2956 1.2684 1.0009

F-分布臨界值表
P(F > 𝐹𝛼,𝑣1,𝑣2 ) = α = 0.01
v1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
v2
1 4052.1807 4999.5000 5403.3520 5624.5833 5763.6496 5858.9861 5928.3557 5981.0703 6022.4732 6055.8467
2 98.5025 99.0000 99.1662 99.2494 99.2993 99.3326 99.3564 99.3742 99.3881 99.3992
3 34.1162 30.8165 29.4567 28.7099 28.2371 27.9107 27.6717 27.4892 27.3452 27.2287
4 21.1977 18.0000 16.6944 15.9770 15.5219 15.2069 14.9758 14.7989 14.6591 14.5459
5 16.2582 13.2739 12.0600 11.3919 10.9670 10.6723 10.4555 10.2893 10.1578 10.0510
6 13.7450 10.9248 9.7795 9.1483 8.7459 8.4661 8.2600 8.1017 7.9761 7.8741
7 12.2464 9.5466 8.4513 7.8466 7.4604 7.1914 6.9928 6.8400 6.7188 6.6201
8 11.2586 8.6491 7.5910 7.0061 6.6318 6.3707 6.1776 6.0289 5.9106 5.8143
9 10.5614 8.0215 6.9919 6.4221 6.0569 5.8018 5.6129 5.4671 5.3511 5.2565
10 10.0443 7.5594 6.5523 5.9943 5.6363 5.3858 5.2001 5.0567 4.9424 4.8491
11 9.6460 7.2057 6.2167 5.6683 5.3160 5.0692 4.8861 4.7445 4.6315 4.5393
12 9.3302 6.9266 5.9525 5.4120 5.0643 4.8206 4.6395 4.4994 4.3875 4.2961
13 9.0738 6.7010 5.7394 5.2053 4.8616 4.6204 4.4410 4.3021 4.1911 4.1003
14 8.8616 6.5149 5.5639 5.0354 4.6950 4.4558 4.2779 4.1399 4.0297 3.9394
15 8.6831 6.3589 5.4170 4.8932 4.5556 4.3183 4.1415 4.0045 3.8948 3.8049
16 8.5310 6.2262 5.2922 4.7726 4.4374 4.2016 4.0259 3.8896 3.7804 3.6909
17 8.3997 6.1121 5.1850 4.6690 4.3359 4.1015 3.9267 3.7910 3.6822 3.5931
18 8.2854 6.0129 5.0919 4.5790 4.2479 4.0146 3.8406 3.7054 3.5971 3.5082
19 8.1849 5.9259 5.0103 4.5003 4.1708 3.9386 3.7653 3.6305 3.5225 3.4338
20 8.0960 5.8489 4.9382 4.4307 4.1027 3.8714 3.6987 3.5644 3.4567 3.3682
21 8.0166 5.7804 4.8740 4.3688 4.0421 3.8117 3.6396 3.5056 3.3981 3.3098
22 7.9454 5.7190 4.8166 4.3134 3.9880 3.7583 3.5867 3.4530 3.3458 3.2576
23 7.8811 5.6637 4.7649 4.2636 3.9392 3.7102 3.5390 3.4057 3.2986 3.2106
24 7.8229 5.6136 4.7181 4.2184 3.8951 3.6667 3.4959 3.3629 3.2560 3.1681
25 7.7698 5.5680 4.6755 4.1774 3.8550 3.6272 3.4568 3.3239 3.2172 3.1294
26 7.7213 5.5263 4.6366 4.1400 3.8183 3.5911 3.4210 3.2884 3.1818 3.0941
27 7.6767 5.4881 4.6009 4.1056 3.7848 3.5580 3.3882 3.2558 3.1494 3.0618
28 7.6356 5.4529 4.5681 4.0740 3.7539 3.5276 3.3581 3.2259 3.1195 3.0320
29 7.5977 5.4204 4.5378 4.0449 3.7254 3.4995 3.3303 3.1982 3.0920 3.0045
30 7.5625 5.3903 4.5097 4.0179 3.6990 3.4735 3.3045 3.1726 3.0665 2.9791
17
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v1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
v2
40 7.3141 5.1785 4.3126 3.8283 3.5138 3.2910 3.1238 2.9930 2.8876 2.8005
50 7.1706 5.0566 4.1993 3.7195 3.4077 3.1864 3.0202 2.8900 2.7850 2.6981
60 7.0771 4.9774 4.1259 3.6490 3.3389 3.1187 2.9530 2.8233 2.7185 2.6318
70 7.0114 4.9219 4.0744 3.5996 3.2907 3.0712 2.9060 2.7765 2.6719 2.5852
80 6.9627 4.8807 4.0363 3.5631 3.2550 3.0361 2.8713 2.7420 2.6374 2.5508
90 6.9251 4.8491 4.0070 3.5350 3.2276 3.0091 2.8445 2.7154 2.6109 2.5243
100 6.8953 4.8239 3.9837 3.5127 3.2059 2.9877 2.8233 2.6943 2.5898 2.5033
110 6.8710 4.8035 3.9648 3.4946 3.1882 2.9703 2.8061 2.6771 2.5727 2.4862
120 6.8509 4.7865 3.9491 3.4795 3.1735 2.9559 2.7918 2.6629 2.5586 2.4721
∞ 6.6349 4.6052 3.7816 3.3192 3.0173 2.8020 2.6393 2.5113 2.4073 2.3209

α = 0.01
v1
12 15 20 24 30 40 50 60 120 ∞
v2
1 6106.3207 6157.2846 6208.7302 6234.6309 6260.6486 6286.7821 6302.5172 6313.0301 6339.3913 6365.8641
2 99.4159 99.4325 99.4492 99.4575 99.4658 99.4742 99.4792 99.4825 99.4908 99.4992
3 27.0518 26.8722 26.6898 26.5975 26.5045 26.4108 26.3542 26.3164 26.2211 26.1252
4 14.3736 14.1982 14.0196 13.9291 13.8377 13.7454 13.6896 13.6522 13.5581 13.4631
5 9.8883 9.7222 9.5526 9.4665 9.3793 9.2912 9.2378 9.2020 9.1118 9.0204
6 7.7183 7.5590 7.3958 7.3127 7.2285 7.1432 7.0915 7.0567 6.9690 6.8800
7 6.4691 6.3143 6.1554 6.0743 5.9920 5.9084 5.8577 5.8236 5.7373 5.6495
8 5.6667 5.5151 5.3591 5.2793 5.1981 5.1156 5.0654 5.0316 4.9461 4.8588
9 5.1114 4.9621 4.8080 4.7290 4.6486 4.5666 4.5167 4.4831 4.3978 4.3106
10 4.7059 4.5581 4.4054 4.3269 4.2469 4.1653 4.1155 4.0819 3.9965 3.9090
11 4.3974 4.2509 4.0990 4.0209 3.9411 3.8596 3.8097 3.7761 3.6904 3.6024
12 4.1553 4.0096 3.8584 3.7805 3.7008 3.6192 3.5692 3.5355 3.4494 3.3608
13 3.9603 3.8154 3.6646 3.5868 3.5070 3.4253 3.3752 3.3413 3.2548 3.1654
14 3.8001 3.6557 3.5052 3.4274 3.3476 3.2656 3.2153 3.1813 3.0942 3.0040
15 3.6662 3.5222 3.3719 3.2940 3.2141 3.1319 3.0814 3.0471 2.9595 2.8684
16 3.5527 3.4089 3.2587 3.1808 3.1007 3.0182 2.9675 2.9330 2.8447 2.7528
17 3.4552 3.3117 3.1615 3.0835 3.0032 2.9205 2.8694 2.8348 2.7459 2.6530
18 3.3706 3.2273 3.0771 2.9990 2.9185 2.8354 2.7841 2.7493 2.6597 2.5660
19 3.2965 3.1533 3.0031 2.9249 2.8442 2.7608 2.7093 2.6742 2.5839 2.4893
20 3.2311 3.0880 2.9377 2.8594 2.7785 2.6947 2.6430 2.6077 2.5168 2.4212
21 3.1730 3.0300 2.8796 2.8010 2.7200 2.6359 2.5838 2.5484 2.4568 2.3603
22 3.1209 2.9779 2.8274 2.7488 2.6675 2.5831 2.5308 2.4951 2.4029 2.3055
23 3.0740 2.9311 2.7805 2.7017 2.6202 2.5355 2.4829 2.4471 2.3542 2.2559
24 3.0316 2.8887 2.7380 2.6591 2.5773 2.4923 2.4395 2.4035 2.3100 2.2107
25 2.9931 2.8502 2.6993 2.6203 2.5383 2.4530 2.3999 2.3637 2.2696 2.1694
26 2.9578 2.8150 2.6640 2.5848 2.5026 2.4170 2.3637 2.3273 2.2325 2.1315
27 2.9256 2.7827 2.6316 2.5522 2.4699 2.3840 2.3304 2.2938 2.1985 2.0965
28 2.8959 2.7530 2.6017 2.5223 2.4397 2.3535 2.2997 2.2629 2.1670 2.0642
29 2.8685 2.7256 2.5742 2.4946 2.4118 2.3253 2.2714 2.2344 2.1379 2.0342
30 2.8431 2.7002 2.5487 2.4689 2.3860 2.2992 2.2450 2.2079 2.1108 2.0062
40 2.6648 2.5216 2.3689 2.2880 2.2034 2.1142 2.0581 2.0194 1.9172 1.8047
50 2.5625 2.4190 2.2652 2.1835 2.0976 2.0066 1.9490 1.9090 1.8026 1.6831
60 2.4961 2.3523 2.1978 2.1154 2.0285 1.9360 1.8772 1.8363 1.7263 1.6006
70 2.4496 2.3055 2.1504 2.0674 1.9797 1.8861 1.8263 1.7846 1.6717 1.5404
80 2.4151 2.2709 2.1153 2.0318 1.9435 1.8489 1.7883 1.7459 1.6305 1.4942
90 2.3886 2.2442 2.0882 2.0044 1.9155 1.8201 1.7588 1.7158 1.5982 1.4574
100 2.3676 2.2230 2.0666 1.9826 1.8933 1.7972 1.7353 1.6918 1.5723 1.4273
110 2.3505 2.2058 2.0491 1.9648 1.8751 1.7784 1.7160 1.6721 1.5509 1.4020
120 2.3363 2.1915 2.0346 1.9500 1.8600 1.7628 1.7000 1.6557 1.5330 1.3805
∞ 2.1847 2.0385 1.8783 1.7908 1.6964 1.5923 1.5231 1.4730 1.3246 1.0010

F-分布臨界值表
P(F > 𝐹𝛼,𝑣1,𝑣2 ) = α = 0.005
v1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
v2
1 16210.7227 19999.5000 21614.7414 22499.5833 23055.7982 23437.1111 23714.5658 23925.4062 24091.0041 24224.4868
2 198.5013 199.0000 199.1664 199.2497 199.2996 199.3330 199.3568 199.3746 199.3885 199.3996
3 55.5520 49.7993 47.4672 46.1946 45.3916 44.8385 44.4341 44.1256 43.8824 43.6858
4 31.3328 26.2843 24.2591 23.1545 22.4564 21.9746 21.6217 21.3520 21.1391 20.9667
5 22.7848 18.3138 16.5298 15.5561 14.9396 14.5133 14.2004 13.9610 13.7716 13.6182
6 18.6350 14.5441 12.9166 12.0275 11.4637 11.0730 10.7859 10.5658 10.3915 10.2500
18
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v1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
v2
7 16.2356 12.4040 10.8824 10.0505 9.5221 9.1553 8.8854 8.6781 8.5138 8.3803
8 14.6882 11.0424 9.5965 8.8051 8.3018 7.9520 7.6941 7.4959 7.3386 7.2106
9 13.6136 10.1067 8.7171 7.9559 7.4712 7.1339 6.8849 6.6933 6.5411 6.4172
10 12.8265 9.4270 8.0807 7.3428 6.8724 6.5446 6.3025 6.1159 5.9676 5.8467
11 12.2263 8.9122 7.6004 6.8809 6.4217 6.1016 5.8648 5.6821 5.5368 5.4183
12 11.7542 8.5096 7.2258 6.5211 6.0711 5.7570 5.5245 5.3451 5.2021 5.0855
13 11.3735 8.1865 6.9258 6.2335 5.7910 5.4819 5.2529 5.0761 4.9351 4.8199
14 11.0603 7.9216 6.6804 5.9984 5.5623 5.2574 5.0313 4.8566 4.7173 4.6034
15 10.7980 7.7008 6.4760 5.8029 5.3721 5.0708 4.8473 4.6744 4.5364 4.4235
16 10.5755 7.5138 6.3034 5.6378 5.2117 4.9134 4.6920 4.5207 4.3838 4.2719
17 10.3842 7.3536 6.1556 5.4967 5.0746 4.7789 4.5594 4.3894 4.2535 4.1424
18 10.2181 7.2148 6.0278 5.3746 4.9560 4.6627 4.4448 4.2759 4.1410 4.0305
19 10.0725 7.0935 5.9161 5.2681 4.8526 4.5614 4.3448 4.1770 4.0428 3.9329
20 9.9439 6.9865 5.8177 5.1743 4.7616 4.4721 4.2569 4.0900 3.9564 3.8470
30 9.1797 6.3547 5.2388 4.6234 4.2276 3.9492 3.7416 3.5801 3.4505 3.3440
40 8.8279 6.0664 4.9758 4.3738 3.9860 3.7129 3.5088 3.3498 3.2220 3.1167
50 8.6258 5.9016 4.8259 4.2316 3.8486 3.5785 3.3765 3.2189 3.0920 2.9875
60 8.4946 5.7950 4.7290 4.1399 3.7599 3.4918 3.2911 3.1344 3.0083 2.9042
80 8.3346 5.6652 4.6113 4.0285 3.6524 3.3867 3.1876 3.0320 2.9066 2.8031
100 8.2406 5.5892 4.5424 3.9634 3.5895 3.3252 3.1271 2.9722 2.8472 2.7440
120 8.1788 5.5393 4.4972 3.9207 3.5482 3.2849 3.0874 2.9330 2.8083 2.7052
200 8.0572 5.4412 4.4084 3.8368 3.4674 3.2059 3.0097 2.8560 2.7319 2.6292
∞ 7.8794 5.2983 4.2794 3.7151 3.3499 3.0913 2.8968 2.7444 2.6210 2.5188

α = 0.005
v1
12 13 15 20 40 60 80 100 120 ∞
v2
1 24426.3662 24504.5356 24630.2051 24835.9709 25148.1532 25253.1369 25305.7989 25337.4502 25358.5734 25464.4604
2 199.4163 199.4227 199.4329 199.4496 199.4746 199.4829 199.4871 199.4896 199.4912 199.4996
3 43.3874 43.2715 43.0847 42.7775 42.3082 42.1494 42.0696 42.0216 41.9895 41.8283
4 20.7047 20.6027 20.4383 20.1673 19.7518 19.6107 19.5397 19.4970 19.4684 19.3247
5 13.3845 13.2934 13.1463 12.9035 12.5297 12.4024 12.3383 12.2996 12.2737 12.1435
6 10.0343 9.9501 9.8140 9.5888 9.2408 9.1219 9.0619 9.0257 9.0015 8.8793
7 8.1764 8.0967 7.9678 7.7540 7.4224 7.3088 7.2513 7.2165 7.1933 7.0760
8 7.0149 6.9384 6.8143 6.6082 6.2875 6.1772 6.1213 6.0875 6.0649 5.9506
9 6.2274 6.1530 6.0325 5.8318 5.5186 5.4104 5.3555 5.3223 5.3001 5.1875
10 5.6613 5.5887 5.4707 5.2740 4.9659 4.8592 4.8050 4.7721 4.7501 4.6385
11 5.2363 5.1649 5.0489 4.8552 4.5508 4.4450 4.3912 4.3585 4.3367 4.2255
12 4.9062 4.8358 4.7213 4.5299 4.2282 4.1229 4.0693 4.0368 4.0149 3.9039
13 4.6429 4.5733 4.4600 4.2703 3.9704 3.8655 3.8120 3.7795 3.7577 3.6465
14 4.4281 4.3591 4.2468 4.0585 3.7600 3.6552 3.6017 3.5692 3.5473 3.4359
15 4.2497 4.1813 4.0698 3.8826 3.5850 3.4803 3.4267 3.3941 3.3722 3.2602
16 4.0994 4.0314 3.9205 3.7342 3.4372 3.3324 3.2787 3.2460 3.2240 3.1115
17 3.9709 3.9033 3.7929 3.6073 3.3108 3.2058 3.1520 3.1192 3.0971 2.9839
18 3.8599 3.7926 3.6827 3.4977 3.2014 3.0962 3.0422 3.0093 2.9871 2.8732
19 3.7631 3.6961 3.5866 3.4020 3.1058 3.0004 2.9462 2.9131 2.8908 2.7762
20 3.6779 3.6111 3.5020 3.3178 3.0215 2.9159 2.8614 2.8282 2.8058 2.6904
30 3.1787 3.1132 3.0057 2.8230 2.5241 2.4151 2.3584 2.3234 2.2998 2.1760
40 2.9531 2.8880 2.7811 2.5984 2.2958 2.1838 2.1249 2.0884 2.0636 1.9318
50 2.8247 2.7599 2.6531 2.4702 2.1644 2.0499 1.9891 1.9512 1.9254 1.7863
60 2.7419 2.6771 2.5705 2.3872 2.0789 1.9622 1.8998 1.8609 1.8341 1.6885
80 2.6413 2.5767 2.4700 2.2862 1.9739 1.8540 1.7892 1.7484 1.7203 1.5634
100 2.5825 2.5180 2.4113 2.2270 1.9119 1.7896 1.7231 1.6809 1.6516 1.4853
120 2.5439 2.4794 2.3727 2.1881 1.8709 1.7469 1.6789 1.6357 1.6055 1.4311
200 2.4683 2.4038 2.2970 2.1116 1.7897 1.6614 1.5902 1.5442 1.5118 1.3137
∞ 2.3583 2.2938 2.1868 1.9998 1.6691 1.5325 1.4540 1.4017 1.3637 1.0005

鄧肯法(Duncan method)臨界值表或鄧氏多變域臨界值表
Q 𝛼,𝑘,𝑣= 𝑛𝑡 −𝑘 (k =欲檢定的母體(平均值)之數量，v = df = 誤差項自由度; α = 0.05)
k
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
df
1 17.969 17.969 17.969 17.969 17.969 17.969 17.969 17.969 17.969 17.969 17.969 17.969 17.969 17.969 17.969 17.969 17.969 17.969 17.969
2 6.085 6.085 6.085 6.085 6.085 6.085 6.085 6.085 6.085 6.085 6.085 6.085 6.085 6.085 6.085 6.085 6.085 6.085 6.085
3 4.501 4.516 4.516 4.516 4.516 4.516 4.516 4.516 4.516 4.516 4.516 4.516 4.516 4.516 4.516 4.516 4.516 4.516 4.516
4 3.926 4.013 4.033 4.033 4.033 4.033 4.033 4.033 4.033 4.033 4.033 4.033 4.033 4.033 4.033 4.033 4.033 4.033 4.033
5 3.635 3.749 3.796 3.814 3.814 3.814 3.814 3.814 3.814 3.814 3.814 3.814 3.814 3.814 3.814 3.814 3.814 3.814 3.814
6 3.460 3.586 3.649 3.680 3.694 3.697 3.697 3.697 3.697 3.697 3.697 3.697 3.697 3.697 3.697 3.697 3.697 3.697 3.697
7 3.344 3.477 3.548 3.588 3.611 3.622 3.625 3.625 3.625 3.625 3.625 3.625 3.625 3.625 3.625 3.625 3.625 3.625 3.625
8 3.261 3.398 3.475 3.521 3.549 3.566 3.575 3.579 3.579 3.579 3.579 3.579 3.579 3.579 3.579 3.579 3.579 3.579 3.579
9 3.199 3.339 3.420 3.470 3.502 3.523 3.536 3.544 3.547 3.547 3.547 3.547 3.547 3.547 3.547 3.547 3.547 3.547 3.547
10 3.151 3.293 3.376 3.430 3.465 3.489 3.505 3.516 3.522 3.525 3.525 3.525 3.525 3.525 3.525 3.525 3.525 3.525 3.525
11 3.113 3.256 3.341 3.397 3.435 3.462 3.480 3.493 3.501 3.506 3.509 3.510 3.510 3.510 3.510 3.510 3.510 3.510 3.510
12 3.081 3.225 3.312 3.370 3.410 3.439 3.459 3.474 3.484 3.491 3.495 3.498 3.498 3.498 3.498 3.498 3.498 3.498 3.498

19
6/14/2021 2:36:59 PM
k
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
df
13 3.055 3.200 3.288 3.348 3.389 3.419 3.441 3.458 3.470 3.478 3.484 3.488 3.490 3.490 3.490 3.490 3.490 3.490 3.490
14 3.033 3.178 3.268 3.328 3.371 3.403 3.426 3.444 3.457 3.467 3.474 3.479 3.482 3.484 3.484 3.484 3.484 3.484 3.484
15 3.014 3.160 3.250 3.312 3.356 3.389 3.413 3.432 3.446 3.457 3.465 3.471 3.476 3.478 3.480 3.480 3.480 3.480 3.480
16 2.998 3.144 3.235 3.297 3.343 3.376 3.402 3.422 3.437 3.449 3.458 3.465 3.470 3.473 3.476 3.477 3.477 3.477 3.477
17 2.984 3.130 3.222 3.285 3.331 3.365 3.392 3.412 3.429 3.441 3.451 3.459 3.465 3.469 3.472 3.474 3.475 3.475 3.475
18 2.971 3.117 3.210 3.274 3.320 3.356 3.383 3.404 3.421 3.435 3.445 3.454 3.460 3.465 3.469 3.472 3.473 3.474 3.474
19 2.960 3.106 3.199 3.264 3.311 3.347 3.375 3.397 3.415 3.429 3.440 3.449 3.456 3.462 3.466 3.469 3.472 3.473 3.474
20 2.950 3.097 3.190 3.255 3.303 3.339 3.368 3.390 3.409 3.423 3.435 3.445 3.452 3.459 3.463 3.467 3.470 3.472 3.473
21 2.941 3.088 3.181 3.247 3.295 3.332 3.361 3.385 3.403 3.418 3.431 3.441 3.449 3.456 3.461 3.465 3.469 3.471 3.473
22 2.933 3.080 3.173 3.239 3.288 3.326 3.355 3.379 3.398 3.414 3.427 3.437 3.446 3.453 3.459 3.464 3.467 3.470 3.472
23 2.926 3.072 3.166 3.233 3.282 3.320 3.350 3.374 3.394 3.410 3.423 3.434 3.443 3.451 3.457 3.462 3.466 3.469 3.472
24 2.919 3.066 3.160 3.226 3.276 3.315 3.345 3.370 3.390 3.406 3.420 3.431 3.441 3.449 3.455 3.461 3.465 3.469 3.472
25 2.913 3.059 3.154 3.221 3.271 3.310 3.341 3.366 3.386 3.403 3.417 3.429 3.439 3.447 3.454 3.459 3.464 3.468 3.471
26 2.907 3.054 3.149 3.216 3.266 3.305 3.336 3.362 3.382 3.400 3.414 3.426 3.436 3.445 3.452 3.458 3.463 3.468 3.471
27 2.902 3.049 3.144 3.211 3.262 3.301 3.332 3.358 3.379 3.397 3.412 3.424 3.434 3.443 3.451 3.457 3.463 3.467 3.471
28 2.897 3.044 3.139 3.206 3.257 3.297 3.329 3.355 3.376 3.394 3.409 3.422 3.433 3.442 3.450 3.456 3.462 3.467 3.470
29 2.892 3.039 3.135 3.202 3.253 3.293 3.326 3.352 3.373 3.392 3.407 3.420 3.431 3.440 3.448 3.455 3.461 3.466 3.470
30 2.888 3.035 3.131 3.199 3.250 3.290 3.322 3.349 3.371 3.389 3.405 3.418 3.429 3.439 3.447 3.454 3.460 3.466 3.470
31 2.884 3.031 3.127 3.195 3.246 3.287 3.319 3.346 3.368 3.387 3.403 3.416 3.428 3.438 3.446 3.454 3.460 3.465 3.470
32 2.881 3.028 3.123 3.192 3.243 3.284 3.317 3.344 3.366 3.385 3.401 3.415 3.426 3.436 3.445 3.453 3.459 3.465 3.470
33 2.877 3.024 3.120 3.188 3.240 3.281 3.314 3.341 3.364 3.383 3.399 3.413 3.425 3.435 3.444 3.452 3.459 3.465 3.470
34 2.874 3.021 3.117 3.185 3.238 3.279 3.312 3.339 3.362 3.381 3.398 3.412 3.424 3.434 3.443 3.451 3.458 3.464 3.469
35 2.871 3.018 3.114 3.183 3.235 3.276 3.309 3.337 3.360 3.379 3.396 3.410 3.423 3.433 3.443 3.451 3.458 3.464 3.469
36 2.868 3.015 3.111 3.180 3.232 3.274 3.307 3.335 3.358 3.378 3.395 3.409 3.421 3.432 3.442 3.450 3.457 3.464 3.469
37 2.865 3.013 3.109 3.178 3.230 3.272 3.305 3.333 3.356 3.376 3.393 3.408 3.420 3.431 3.441 3.449 3.457 3.463 3.469
38 2.863 3.010 3.106 3.175 3.228 3.270 3.303 3.331 3.355 3.375 3.392 3.407 3.419 3.431 3.440 3.449 3.456 3.463 3.469
39 2.861 3.008 3.104 3.173 3.226 3.268 3.301 3.330 3.353 3.373 3.391 3.406 3.418 3.430 3.440 3.448 3.456 3.463 3.469
40 2.858 3.005 3.102 3.171 3.224 3.266 3.300 3.328 3.352 3.372 3.389 3.404 3.418 3.429 3.439 3.448 3.456 3.463 3.469
48 2.843 2.991 3.087 3.157 3.211 3.253 3.288 3.318 3.342 3.363 3.382 3.398 3.412 3.424 3.435 3.445 3.453 3.461 3.468
60 2.829 2.976 3.073 3.143 3.198 3.241 3.277 3.307 3.333 3.355 3.374 3.391 3.406 3.419 3.431 3.441 3.451 3.460 3.468
80 2.814 2.961 3.059 3.130 3.185 3.229 3.266 3.297 3.323 3.346 3.366 3.384 3.400 3.414 3.427 3.438 3.449 3.458 3.467
120 2.800 2.947 3.045 3.116 3.172 3.217 3.254 3.286 3.313 3.337 3.358 3.377 3.394 3.409 3.423 3.435 3.446 3.457 3.466
240 2.786 2.933 3.031 3.103 3.159 3.205 3.243 3.276 3.304 3.329 3.350 3.370 3.388 3.404 3.418 3.432 3.444 3.455 3.466
∞ 2.772 2.918 3.017 3.089 3.146 3.193 3.232 3.265 3.294 3.320 3.343 3.363 3.382 3.399 3.414 3.428 3.442 3.454 3.466

鄧肯法(Duncan method)臨界值表或鄧氏多變域臨界值表
Q 𝛼,𝑘,𝑣= 𝑛𝑡 −𝑘 (k = 欲檢定的母體(平均值)之數量，v = df = 誤差項自由度; α = 0.01)
k
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
df
1 90.024 90.024 90.024 90.024 90.024 90.024 90.024 90.024 90.024 90.024 90.024 90.024 90.024 90.024 90.024 90.024 90.024 90.024 90.024
2 14.036 14.036 14.036 14.036 14.036 14.036 14.036 14.036 14.036 14.036 14.036 14.036 14.036 14.036 14.036 14.036 14.036 14.036 14.036
3 8.260 8.321 8.321 8.321 8.321 8.321 8.321 8.321 8.321 8.321 8.321 8.321 8.321 8.321 8.321 8.321 8.321 8.321 8.321
4 6.511 6.677 6.740 6.755 6.755 6.755 6.755 6.755 6.755 6.755 6.755 6.755 6.755 6.755 6.755 6.755 6.755 6.755 6.755
5 5.702 5.893 5.989 6.040 6.065 6.074 6.074 6.074 6.074 6.074 6.074 6.074 6.074 6.074 6.074 6.074 6.074 6.074 6.074
6 5.243 5.439 5.549 5.614 5.655 5.680 5.694 5.701 5.703 5.703 5.703 5.703 5.703 5.703 5.703 5.703 5.703 5.703 5.703
7 4.949 5.145 5.260 5.333 5.383 5.416 5.439 5.454 5.464 5.470 5.472 5.472 5.472 5.472 5.472 5.472 5.472 5.472 5.472
8 4.745 4.939 5.056 5.134 5.189 5.227 5.256 5.276 5.291 5.302 5.309 5.313 5.316 5.317 5.317 5.317 5.317 5.317 5.317
9 4.596 4.787 4.906 4.986 5.043 5.086 5.117 5.142 5.160 5.174 5.185 5.193 5.199 5.202 5.205 5.206 5.206 5.206 5.206
10 4.482 4.671 4.789 4.871 4.931 4.975 5.010 5.036 5.058 5.074 5.087 5.098 5.106 5.112 5.117 5.120 5.122 5.123 5.124
11 4.392 4.579 4.697 4.780 4.841 4.887 4.923 4.952 4.975 4.994 5.009 5.021 5.031 5.039 5.045 5.050 5.054 5.057 5.059
12 4.320 4.504 4.622 4.705 4.767 4.815 4.852 4.882 4.907 4.927 4.944 4.957 4.969 4.978 4.986 4.993 4.998 5.002 5.005
13 4.260 4.442 4.560 4.643 4.706 4.754 4.793 4.824 4.850 4.871 4.889 4.904 4.917 4.927 4.936 4.944 4.950 4.955 4.960
14 4.210 4.391 4.508 4.591 4.654 4.703 4.743 4.775 4.802 4.824 4.843 4.859 4.872 4.884 4.894 4.902 4.909 4.916 4.921
15 4.167 4.346 4.463 4.547 4.610 4.660 4.700 4.733 4.760 4.783 4.803 4.820 4.834 4.846 4.857 4.866 4.874 4.881 4.887
16 4.131 4.308 4.425 4.508 4.572 4.622 4.662 4.696 4.724 4.748 4.768 4.785 4.800 4.813 4.825 4.835 4.843 4.851 4.858
17 4.099 4.275 4.391 4.474 4.538 4.589 4.630 4.664 4.692 4.717 4.737 4.755 4.771 4.785 4.797 4.807 4.816 4.824 4.832
18 4.071 4.246 4.361 4.445 4.509 4.559 4.601 4.635 4.664 4.689 4.710 4.729 4.745 4.759 4.771 4.782 4.792 4.801 4.808
19 4.046 4.220 4.335 4.418 4.483 4.533 4.575 4.610 4.639 4.664 4.686 4.705 4.722 4.736 4.749 4.760 4.771 4.780 4.788
20 4.024 4.197 4.312 4.395 4.459 4.510 4.552 4.587 4.617 4.642 4.664 4.684 4.701 4.716 4.729 4.741 4.751 4.761 4.769
21 4.004 4.177 4.291 4.374 4.438 4.489 4.531 4.567 4.597 4.622 4.645 4.664 4.682 4.697 4.711 4.723 4.734 4.743 4.752
22 3.986 4.158 4.272 4.355 4.419 4.470 4.513 4.548 4.578 4.604 4.627 4.647 4.664 4.680 4.694 4.706 4.718 4.728 4.737
23 3.970 4.141 4.254 4.337 4.402 4.453 4.496 4.531 4.562 4.588 4.611 4.631 4.649 4.665 4.679 4.692 4.703 4.713 4.723
24 3.955 4.126 4.239 4.322 4.386 4.437 4.480 4.516 4.546 4.573 4.596 4.616 4.634 4.651 4.665 4.678 4.690 4.700 4.710
25 3.942 4.112 4.224 4.307 4.371 4.423 4.466 4.502 4.532 4.559 4.582 4.603 4.621 4.638 4.652 4.665 4.677 4.688 4.698
26 3.930 4.099 4.211 4.294 4.358 4.410 4.452 4.489 4.520 4.546 4.570 4.591 4.609 4.626 4.640 4.654 4.666 4.677 4.687
27 3.918 4.087 4.199 4.282 4.346 4.397 4.440 4.477 4.508 4.535 4.558 4.579 4.598 4.615 4.630 4.643 4.655 4.667 4.677
28 3.908 4.076 4.188 4.270 4.334 4.386 4.429 4.465 4.497 4.524 4.548 4.569 4.587 4.604 4.619 4.633 4.646 4.657 4.667
29 3.898 4.065 4.177 4.260 4.324 4.376 4.419 4.455 4.486 4.514 4.538 4.559 4.578 4.595 4.610 4.624 4.637 4.648 4.659
30 3.889 4.056 4.168 4.250 4.314 4.366 4.409 4.445 4.477 4.504 4.528 4.550 4.569 4.586 4.601 4.615 4.628 4.640 4.650
31 3.881 4.047 4.159 4.241 4.305 4.357 4.400 4.436 4.468 4.495 4.519 4.541 4.560 4.577 4.593 4.607 4.620 4.632 4.643
32 3.873 4.039 4.150 4.232 4.296 4.348 4.391 4.428 4.459 4.487 4.511 4.533 4.552 4.570 4.585 4.600 4.613 4.625 4.635
33 3.865 4.031 4.142 4.224 4.288 4.340 4.383 4.420 4.452 4.479 4.504 4.525 4.545 4.562 4.578 4.592 4.606 4.618 4.629
34 3.859 4.024 4.135 4.217 4.281 4.333 4.376 4.413 4.444 4.472 4.496 4.518 4.538 4.555 4.571 4.586 4.599 4.611 4.622
35 3.852 4.017 4.128 4.210 4.273 4.325 4.369 4.406 4.437 4.465 4.490 4.511 4.531 4.549 4.565 4.579 4.593 4.605 4.616
36 3.846 4.011 4.121 4.203 4.267 4.319 4.362 4.399 4.431 4.459 4.483 4.505 4.525 4.543 4.559 4.573 4.587 4.599 4.611
37 3.840 4.005 4.115 4.197 4.260 4.312 4.356 4.393 4.425 4.452 4.477 4.499 4.519 4.537 4.553 4.568 4.581 4.594 4.605
38 3.835 3.999 4.109 4.191 4.254 4.306 4.350 4.387 4.419 4.447 4.471 4.493 4.513 4.531 4.548 4.562 4.576 4.589 4.600
39 3.830 3.993 4.103 4.185 4.249 4.301 4.344 4.381 4.413 4.441 4.466 4.488 4.508 4.526 4.542 4.557 4.571 4.584 4.595
40 3.825 3.988 4.098 4.180 4.243 4.295 4.339 4.376 4.408 4.436 4.461 4.483 4.503 4.521 4.537 4.552 4.566 4.579 4.591
48 3.793 3.955 4.064 4.145 4.209 4.261 4.304 4.341 4.374 4.402 4.427 4.450 4.470 4.489 4.506 4.521 4.535 4.548 4.561
60 3.762 3.922 4.030 4.111 4.174 4.226 4.270 4.307 4.340 4.368 4.394 4.417 4.437 4.456 4.474 4.489 4.504 4.518 4.530
80 3.732 3.890 3.997 4.077 4.140 4.192 4.236 4.273 4.306 4.335 4.360 4.384 4.405 4.424 4.442 4.458 4.473 4.487 4.500
120 3.702 3.858 3.964 4.044 4.107 4.158 4.202 4.239 4.272 4.301 4.327 4.351 4.372 4.392 4.410 4.426 4.442 4.456 4.469
240 3.672 3.827 3.932 4.011 4.073 4.125 4.168 4.206 4.239 4.268 4.294 4.318 4.339 4.359 4.378 4.394 4.410 4.425 4.439
∞ 3.643 3.796 3.900 3.978 4.040 4.091 4.135 4.172 4.205 4.235 4.261 4.285 4.307 4.327 4.345 4.363 4.379 4.394 4.408

20
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杜凱表(Tukey method table)

Q 𝛼,𝑘,𝑣= 𝑛𝑡 −𝑘 臨界值：上層 α = 0.05；下層 α = 0.01。
df 誤差項 k = 欲檢定的母體(平均值)之數量(處理數)
自由度 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
18.0 27.0 32.8 37.1 40.4 43.1 45.4 47.4 49.1
1
90 135 164 186 202 216 227 237 246
6.08 8.33 9.80 10.88 11.73 12.43 13.03 13.54 13.99
2
13.90 19.02 22.56 25.37 27.76 29.86 31.73 33.41 34.93
4.50 5.91 6.82 7.50 8.04 8.48 8.85 9.18 9.46
3
8.26 10.62 12.17 13.32 14.24 15.00 15.65 16.21 16.71
3.93 5.04 5.76 6.29 6.71 7.05 7.35 7.60 7.83
4
6.51 8.12 9.17 9.96 10.58 11.10 11.54 11.92 12.26
3.64 4.60 5.22 5.67 6.03 6.33 6.58 6.80 6.99
5
5.70 6.98 7.80 8.42 8.91 9.32 9.67 9.97 10.24
3.46 4.34 4.90 5.30 5.63 5.90 6.12 6.32 6.49
6
5.24 6.33 7.03 7.56 7.97 8.32 8.61 8.87 9.10
3.34 4.16 4.68 5.06 5.36 5.61 5.82 6.00 6.16
7
4.95 5.92 6.54 7.01 7.37 7.68 7.94 8.17 8.37
3.26 4.04 4.53 4.89 5.17 5.40 5.60 5.77 5.92
8
4.75 5.64 6.20 6.62 6.96 7.24 7.47 7.68 7.86
3.20 3.95 4.41 4.76 5.02 5.24 5.43 5.59 5.74
9
4.60 5.43 5.96 6.35 6.66 6.91 7.13 7.33 7.49
3.15 3.88 4.33 4.65 4.91 5.12 5.30 5.46 5.60
10
4.48 5.27 5.77 6.14 6.43 6.67 6.87 7.05 7.21
3.11 3.82 4.26 4.57 4.82 5.03 5.20 5.35 5.49
11
4.39 5.15 5.62 5.97 6.25 6.48 6.67 6.84 6.99
3.08 3.77 4.20 4.51 4.75 4.95 5.12 5.27 5.39
12
4.32 5.05 5.50 5.84 6.10 6.32 6.51 6.67 6.81
3.06 3.73 4.15 4.45 4.69 4.88 5.05 5.19 5.32
13
4.26 4.96 5.40 5.73 5.98 6.19 6.37 6.53 6.67
3.03 3.70 4.11 4.41 4.64 4.83 4.99 5.13 5.25
14
4.21 4.89 5.32 5.63 5.88 6.08 6.26 6.41 6.54
3.01 3.67 4.08 4.37 4.59 4.78 4.94 5.08 5.20
15
4.17 4.84 5.25 5.56 5.80 5.99 6.16 6.31 6.44
3.00 3.65 4.05 4.33 4.56 4.74 4.90 5.03 5.15
16
4.13 4.79 5.19 5.49 5.72 5.92 6.08 6.22 6.35
2.98 3.63 4.02 4.30 4.52 4.70 4.86 4.99 5.11
17
4.10 4.74 5.14 5.43 5.66 5.85 6.01 6.15 6.27
2.97 3.61 4.00 4.28 4.49 4.67 4.82 4.96 5.07
18
4.07 4.70 5.09 5.38 5.60 5.79 5.94 6.08 6.20
2.96 3.59 3.98 4.25 4.47 4.65 4.79 4.92 5.04
19
4.05 4.67 5.05 5.33 5.55 5.73 5.89 6.02 6.14
2.95 3.58 3.96 4.23 4.45 4.62 4.77 4.90 5.01
20
4.02 4.64 5.02 5.29 5.51 5.69 5.84 5.97 6.09
2.92 3.53 3.90 4.17 4.37 4.54 4.68 4.81 4.92
24
3.96 4.55 4.91 5.17 5.37 5.54 5.69 5.81 5.92
2.89 3.49 3.85 4.10 4.30 4.46 4.60 4.72 4.82
30
3.89 4.45 4.80 5.05 5.24 5.40 5.54 5.65 5.76
2.86 3.44 3.79 4.04 4.23 4.39 4.52 4.63 4.73
40
3.82 4.37 4.70 4.93 5.11 5.26 5.39 5.50 5.60
2.83 3.40 3.74 3.98 4.16 4.31 4.44 4.55 4.65
60
3.76 4.28 4.59 4.82 4.99 5.13 5.25 5.36 5.45
2.80 3.36 3.68 3.92 4.10 4.24 4.36 4.47 4.56
120
3.70 4.20 4.50 4.71 4.87 5.01 5.12 5.21 5.30
2.77 3.31 3.63 3.86 4.03 4.17 4.29 4.39 4.47
∞
3.64 4.12 4.40 4.60 4.76 4.88 4.99 5.08 5.16

21
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魏克森(Wilcoxon)符號等級檢定臨界值表–配對母體
單尾 α = 雙尾 α = n=5 n=6 n=7 n=8 n=9 n = 10 n = 11 n = 12
0.05 0.10 1 2 4 6 8 11 14 17
0.025 0.05 1 2 4 6 8 11 14
0.01 0.02 0 2 3 5 7 10
0.005 0.01 0 2 3 5 7
單尾 α = 雙尾 α = n = 13 n = 14 n = 15 n = 16 n = 17 n = 18 n = 19 n = 20
0.05 0.10 21 26 30 36 41 47 54 60
0.025 0.05 17 21 25 30 35 40 46 52
0.01 0.02 13 16 20 24 28 33 38 43
0.005 0.01 10 13 16 19 23 28 32 37
單尾 α = 雙尾 α = n = 21 n = 22 n = 23 n = 24 n = 25 n = 26 n = 27 n = 28
0.05 0.10 68 75 83 92 101 110 120 130
0.025 0.05 59 66 73 81 90 98 107 117
0.01 0.02 49 56 62 69 77 85 93 102
0.005 0.01 43 49 55 68 68 76 84 92
單尾 α = 雙尾 α = n = 29 n = 30 n = 31 n = 32 n = 33 n = 34 n = 35 n = 36
0.05 0.10 141 152 163 175 188 201 214 228
0.025 0.05 127 137 148 159 171 183 195 208
0.01 0.02 111 120 130 141 151 162 174 186
0.005 0.01 100 109 118 128 138 149 160 171
單尾 α = 雙尾 α = n = 37 n = 38 n = 39 n = 40 n = 41 n = 42 n = 43 n = 44
0.05 0.10 242 256 271 287 303 319 336 353
0.025 0.05 222 235 250 264 279 295 311 327
0.01 0.02 198 211 224 238 252 267 281 297
0.005 0.01 183 195 208 221 234 248 262 277

魏克森等級和檢定表(Wilcoxon rank sum table)

較低樣本數 較高樣本數 下臨界值Lower tail(雙尾機率)WL 上臨界值Upper tail(雙尾機率)WH
n1 n2 0.005 0.01 0.025 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005
3 5 6 15 16
4 6 7 17 18
5 6 7 20 21
6 7 8 22 23
3
7 7 9 24 26
8 8 9 27 28
9 8 10 29 31
10 9 11 31 33
4 10 11 13 14 22 23 25 26
5 10 11 12 14 15 25 26 28 29 30
6 10 11 12 13 15 17 27 29 31 32 33 34
7 10 11 13 14 16 18 30 32 34 35 37 38
4 8 11 12 14 15 17 20 32 35 37 38 40 41
9 11 13 14 16 19 21 35 37 40 42 43 45
10 12 13 15 17 20 23 37 40 43 45 47 48
11 12 14 16 18 21 24 40 43 46 48 50 52
12 13 15 17 19 22 26 42 46 49 51 53 55
5 15 16 17 19 20 22 33 35 36 38 39 40
6 16 17 18 20 22 24 36 38 40 42 43 44
7 16 18 20 21 23 26 39 42 44 45 47 49
5 8 17 19 21 23 25 28 42 45 47 49 51 53
9 18 20 22 24 27 30 45 48 51 53 55 57
10 19 21 23 26 28 32 48 52 54 57 59 61
11 20 22 24 27 30 34 51 55 58 61 63 65
22
6/14/2021 2:36:59 PM
較低樣本數 較高樣本數 下臨界值Lower tail(雙尾機率)WL 上臨界值Upper tail(雙尾機率)WH
n1 n2 0.005 0.01 0.025 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005
12 21 23 26 28 32 36 54 58 62 64 67 69
6 23 24 26 28 30 33 45 48 50 52 54 55
7 24 25 27 29 32 35 49 52 55 57 59 60
8 25 27 29 31 34 37 53 56 59 61 63 65
6 9 26 28 31 33 36 40 56 60 63 65 68 70
10 27 29 32 35 38 42 60 64 67 70 73 75
11 28 30 34 37 40 44 64 68 71 74 78 80
12 30 32 35 38 42 47 67 72 76 79 82 84
7 32 34 36 39 41 45 60 64 66 69 71 73
8 34 35 38 41 44 48 64 68 71 74 77 78
9 35 37 40 43 46 50 69 73 76 79 82 84
7
10 37 39 42 45 49 53 73 77 81 74 87 89
11 38 40 44 47 51 56 77 82 86 89 93 95
12 40 42 46 49 54 59 81 86 91 94 98 100
8 43 45 49 51 55 59 77 81 85 87 91 93
9 45 47 51 54 58 62 82 86 90 93 97 99
8 10 47 49 53 56 60 65 87 92 96 99 103 105
11 49 51 55 59 63 69 91 97 101 105 109 111
12 51 53 58 62 66 72 96 102 106 110 115 117
9 56 59 62 66 70 75 96 101 105 109 112 115
10 58 61 65 69 73 78 102 107 111 115 119 122
9
11 61 63 68 72 76 82 107 113 117 121 126 128
12 63 66 71 75 80 86 112 118 123 127 132 135
10 71 74 78 82 87 93 117 123 128 132 136 139
10 11 73 77 81 86 91 97 123 129 134 139 143 147
12 76 79 84 89 94 101 129 136 141 146 151 154
11 87 91 96 100 106 112 141 147 153 157 162 166
11
12 90 94 99 104 110 117 147 154 160 165 170 174
12 12 105 109 115 120 127 134 166 173 180 185 191 195

曼–懷特尼 U 檢定統計機率表
Cumulative distribution function of the Mann-Whitney U statistic: P(U ≤ u) for n1 ≤ n2 and 3 ≤ n2 ≤
10
n2 3 4
u n1 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
0 0.2500 0.1000 0.0500 0.2000 0.0667 0.0286 0.0143
1 0.5000 0.2000 0.1000 0.4000 0.1333 0.0571 0.0286
2 0.4000 0.2000 0.6000 0.2667 0.1143 0.0571
3 0.6000 0.3500 0.4000 0.2000 0.1000
4 0.5000 0.6000 0.3143 0.1714
5 0.4286 0.2429
6 0.5714 0.3429
7 0.4429
8 0.5571

n2 5
u n1 1 2 3 4 5
0 0.1667 0.0476 0.0179 0.0079 0.0040
1 0.3333 0.0952 0.0357 0.0159 0.0079
2 0.5000 0.1905 0.0714 0.0317 0.0159
3 0.2857 0.1250 0.0556 0.0278
4 0.4286 0.1964 0.0952 0.0476
5 0.5714 0.2857 0.1429 0.0754
23
6/14/2021 2:36:59 PM
n2 5
u n1 1 2 3 4 5
6 0.3929 0.2063 0.1111
7 0.5000 0.2778 0.1548
8 0.3651 0.2103
9 0.4524 0.2738
10 0.5476 0.3452
11 0.4206
12 0.5000

n2 6
u n1 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 0.1429 0.0357 0.0119 0.0048 0.0022 0.0011
1 0.2857 0.0714 0.0238 0.0095 0.0043 0.0022
2 0.4286 0.1429 0.0476 0.0190 0.0087 0.0043
3 0.5714 0.2143 0.0833 0.0333 0.0152 0.0076
4 0.3214 0.1310 0.0571 0.0260 0.0130
5 0.4286 0.1905 0.0857 0.0411 0.0206
6 0.5714 0.2738 0.1286 0.0628 0.0325
7 0.3571 0.1762 0.0887 0.0465
8 0.4524 0.2381 0.1234 0.0660
9 0.5476 0.3048 0.1645 0.0898
10 0.3810 0.2143 0.1201
11 0.4571 0.2684 0.1548
12 0.5429 0.3312 0.1970
13 0.3961 0.2424
14 0.4654 0.2944
15 0.5346 0.3496
16 0.4091
17 0.4686
18 0.5314

n2 7
u n1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 0.1250 0.0278 0.0083 0.0030 0.0013 0.0006 0.0003
1 0.2500 0.0556 0.0167 0.0061 0.0025 0.0012 0.0006
2 0.3750 0.1111 0.0333 0.0121 0.0051 0.0023 0.0012
3 0.5000 0.1667 0.0583 0.0212 0.0088 0.0041 0.0020
4 0.2500 0.0917 0.0364 0.0152 0.0070 0.0035
5 0.3333 0.1333 0.0545 0.0240 0.0111 0.0055
6 0.4444 0.1917 0.0818 0.0366 0.0175 0.0087
7 0.5556 0.2583 0.1152 0.0530 0.0256 0.0131
8 0.3333 0.1576 0.0745 0.0367 0.0189
9 0.4167 0.2061 0.1010 0.0507 0.0265
10 0.5000 0.2636 0.1338 0.0688 0.0364
11 0.3242 0.1717 0.0903 0.0487
12 0.3939 0.2159 0.1171 0.0641
13 0.4636 0.2652 0.1474 0.0825
14 0.5364 0.3194 0.1830 0.1043
15 0.3775 0.2226 0.1297
16 0.4381 0.2669 0.1588
17 0.5000 0.3141 0.1914
18 0.3654 0.2279
19 0.4178 0.2675
20 0.4726 0.3100
21 0.5274 0.3552
24
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n2 7
u n1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
22 0.4024
23 0.4508
24 0.5000

n2 8
u n1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 0.1111 0.0222 0.0061 0.0020 0.0008 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001
1 0.2222 0.0444 0.0121 0.0040 0.0016 0.0007 0.0003 0.0002
2 0.3333 0.0889 0.0242 0.0081 0.0031 0.0013 0.0006 0.0003
3 0.4444 0.1333 0.0424 0.0141 0.0054 0.0023 0.0011 0.0005
4 0.5556 0.2000 0.0667 0.0242 0.0093 0.0040 0.0019 0.0009
5 0.2667 0.0970 0.0364 0.0148 0.0063 0.0030 0.0015
6 0.3556 0.1394 0.0545 0.0225 0.0100 0.0047 0.0023
7 0.4444 0.1879 0.0768 0.0326 0.0147 0.0070 0.0035
8 0.5556 0.2485 0.1071 0.0466 0.0213 0.0103 0.0052
9 0.3152 0.1414 0.0637 0.0296 0.0145 0.0074
10 0.3879 0.1838 0.0855 0.0406 0.0200 0.0103
11 0.4606 0.2303 0.1111 0.0539 0.0270 0.0141
12 0.5394 0.2848 0.1422 0.0709 0.0361 0.0190
13 0.3414 0.1772 0.0906 0.0469 0.0249
14 0.4040 0.2176 0.1142 0.0603 0.0325
15 0.4667 0.2618 0.1412 0.0760 0.0415
16 0.5333 0.3108 0.1725 0.0946 0.0524
17 0.3621 0.2068 0.1159 0.0652
18 0.4165 0.2454 0.1405 0.0803
19 0.4716 0.2864 0.1678 0.0974
20 0.5284 0.3310 0.1984 0.1172
21 0.3773 0.2317 0.1393
22 0.4259 0.2679 0.1641
23 0.4749 0.3063 0.1911
24 0.5251 0.3472 0.2209
25 0.3894 0.2527
26 0.4333 0.2869
27 0.4775 0.3227
28 0.5225 0.3605
29 0.3992
30 0.4392
31 0.4796
32 0.5204

n2 9
u n1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0.1000 0.0182 0.0045 0.0014 0.0005 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.2000 0.0364 0.0091 0.0028 0.0010 0.0004 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000
2 0.3000 0.0727 0.0182 0.0056 0.0020 0.0008 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001
3 0.4000 0.1091 0.0318 0.0098 0.0035 0.0014 0.0006 0.0003 0.0001
4 0.5000 0.1636 0.0500 0.0168 0.0060 0.0024 0.0010 0.0005 0.0002
5 0.2182 0.0727 0.0252 0.0095 0.0038 0.0017 0.0008 0.0004
6 0.2909 0.1045 0.0378 0.0145 0.0060 0.0026 0.0012 0.0006
7 0.3636 0.1409 0.0531 0.0210 0.0088 0.0039 0.0019 0.0009
8 0.4545 0.1864 0.0741 0.0300 0.0128 0.0058 0.0028 0.0014
9 0.5455 0.2409 0.0993 0.0415 0.0180 0.0082 0.0039 0.0020
10 0.3000 0.1301 0.0599 0.0248 0.0115 0.0056 0.0028
11 0.3636 0.1650 0.0734 0.0332 0.0156 0.0076 0.0039
25
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n2 9
u n1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
12 0.4318 0.2070 0.0949 0.0440 0.0209 0.0103 0.0053
13 0.5000 0.2517 0.1199 0.0567 0.0274 0.0137 0.0071
14 0.3021 0.1489 0.0723 0.0356 0.0180 0.0094
15 0.3552 0.1818 0.0905 0.0454 0.0232 0.0122
16 0.4126 0.2188 0.1119 0.0571 0.0296 0.0157
17 0.4699 0.2592 0.1361 0.0708 0.0372 0.0200
18 0.5301 0.3032 0.1638 0.0869 0.0464 0.0252
19 0.3497 0.1924 0.1052 0.0570 0.0313
20 0.3986 0.2280 0.1261 0.0694 0.0385
21 0.4491 0.2643 0.1496 0.0836 0.0470
22 0.5000 0.3035 0.1755 0.0998 0.0567
23 0.3445 0.2039 0.1179 0.0680
24 0.3878 0.2349 0.1383 0.0807
25 0.4320 0.2680 0.1606 0.0951
26 0.4773 0.3032 0.1852 0.1112
27 0.5227 0.3403 0.2117 0.1290
28 0.3788 0.2404 0.1487
29 0.4185 0.2707 0.1701
30 0.4591 0.3029 0.1933
31 0.5000 0.3365 0.2181
32 0.3715 0.2447
33 0.4074 0.2729
34 0.4442 0.3024
35 0.4813 0.3332
36 0.5187 0.3652
37 0.3981
38 0.4317
39 0.4657
40 0.5000

n2 10
u n1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 0.0909 0.0152 0.0035 0.0010 0.0003 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.1818 0.0303 0.0070 0.0020 0.0007 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.2727 0.0606 0.0140 0.0040 0.0013 0.0005 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.3636 0.0909 0.0245 0.0070 0.0023 0.0009 0.0004 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000
4 0.4545 0.1364 0.0385 0.0120 0.0040 0.0015 0.0006 0.0003 0.0001 0.0001
5 0.5455 0.1818 0.0559 0.0180 0.0063 0.0024 0.0010 0.0004 0.0002 0.0001
6 0.2424 0.0804 0.0270 0.0097 0.0037 0.0015 0.0007 0.0003 0.0002
7 0.3030 0.1084 0.0380 0.0140 0.0055 0.0023 0.0010 0.0005 0.0002
8 0.3788 0.1434 0.0529 0.0200 0.0080 0.0034 0.0015 0.0007 0.0004
9 0.4545 0.1853 0.0709 0.0276 0.0112 0.0048 0.0022 0.0011 0.0005
10 0.5455 0.2343 0.0939 0.0376 0.0156 0.0068 0.0031 0.0015 0.0008
11 0.2867 0.1199 0.0496 0.0210 0.0093 0.0043 0.0021 0.0010
12 0.3462 0.1518 0.0646 0.0280 0.0125 0.0058 0.0028 0.0014
13 0.4056 0.1868 0.0823 0.0363 0.0165 0.0078 0.0038 0.0019
14 0.4685 0.2268 0.1032 0.0467 0.0215 0.0103 0.0051 0.0026
15 0.5315 0.2697 0.1272 0.0589 0.0277 0.0133 0.0066 0.0034
16 0.3177 0.1548 0.0736 0.0351 0.0171 0.0086 0.0045
17 0.3666 0.1855 0.0903 0.0439 0.0217 0.0110 0.0057
18 0.4196 0.2198 0.1099 0.0544 0.0273 0.0140 0.0073
19 0.4725 0.2567 0.1317 0.0665 0.0338 0.0175 0.0093
20 0.5275 0.2970 0.1566 0.0806 0.0416 0.0217 0.0116
21 0.3393 0.1838 0.0966 0.0506 0.0267 0.0144
22 0.3839 0.2139 0.1148 0.0610 0.0326 0.0177
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n2 10
u n1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
23 0.4296 0.2461 0.1349 0.0729 0.0394 0.0216
24 0.4765 0.2811 0.1574 0.0864 0.0474 0.0262
25 0.5235 0.3177 0.1819 0.1015 0.0564 0.0315
26 0.3564 0.2087 0.1185 0.0667 0.0376
27 0.3962 0.2374 0.1371 0.0782 0.0446
28 0.4374 0.2681 0.1577 0.0912 0.0526
29 0.4789 0.3004 0.1800 0.1055 0.0615
30 0.5211 0.3345 0.2041 0.1214 0.0716
31 0.3698 0.2299 0.1388 0.0827
32 0.4063 0.2574 0.1577 0.0952
33 0.4434 0.2863 0.1781 0.1088
34 0.4811 0.3167 0.2001 0.1237
35 0.5189 0.3482 0.2235 0.1399
36 0.3809 0.2483 0.1575
37 0.4143 0.2745 0.1763
38 0.4484 0.3019 0.1965
39 0.4827 0.3304 0.2179
40 0.5173 0.3598 0.2406
41 0.3901 0.2644
42 0.4211 0.2894
43 0.4524 0.3153
44 0.4841 0.3421
45 0.5159 0.3697
46 0.3980
47 0.4267
48 0.4559
49 0.4853
50 0.5147

連檢定累計機率表 P(R ≤ r)
Cumulative distribution function: F(r) for the total numbers of runs R in samples of size n1 and n2
r
n1 n2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3 0.200 0.500 0.900 1.000
4 0.133 0.400 0.800 1.000
5 0.095 0.333 0.714 1.000
6 0.071 0.286 0.643 1.000
2
7 0.056 0.250 0.583 1.000
8 0.044 0.222 0.533 1.000
9 0.036 0.200 0.491 1.000
10 0.030 0.182 0.455 1.000
3 0.100 0.300 0.700 0.900 1.000
4 0.057 0.200 0.543 0.800 0.971 1.000
5 0.036 0.143 0.429 0.714 0.929 1.000
6 0.024 0.107 0.345 0.643 0.881 1.000
3
7 0.017 0.083 0.283 0.583 0.833 1.000
8 0.012 0.067 0.236 0.533 0.788 1.000
9 0.009 0.055 0.200 0.491 0.745 1.000
10 0.007 0.045 0.171 0.455 0.706 1.000
4 0.029 0.114 0.371 0.629 0.886 0.971 1.000
5 0.016 0.071 0.262 0.500 0.786 0.929 0.992 1.000
4
6 0.010 0.048 0.190 0.405 0.690 0.881 0.976 1.000
7 0.006 0.033 0.142 0.333 0.606 0.833 0.954 1.000
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r
n1 n2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
8 0.004 0.024 0.109 0.279 0.533 0.788 0.929 1.000
9 0.003 0.018 0.085 0.236 0.471 0.745 0.902 1.000
10 0.002 0.014 0.068 0.203 0.419 0.706 0.874 1.000
5 0.008 0.040 0.167 0.357 0.643 0.833 0.960 0.992 1.000
6 0.004 0.024 0.110 0.262 0.522 0.738 0.911 0.976 0.998
7 0.003 0.015 0.076 0.197 0.424 0.652 0.854 0.955 0.992
5
8 0.002 0.010 0.054 0.152 0.347 0.576 0.793 0.929 0.984
9 0.001 0.007 0.039 0.119 0.287 0.510 0.734 0.902 0.972
10 0.001 0.005 0.029 0.095 0.239 0.455 0.678 0.874 0.958
6 0.002 0.013 0.067 0.175 0.392 0.608 0.825 0.933 0.987
7 0.001 0.008 0.043 0.121 0.296 0.500 0.733 0.879 0.966
6 8 0.001 0.005 0.028 0.086 0.226 0.413 0.646 0.821 0.937
9 0.000 0.003 0.019 0.063 0.175 0.343 0.566 0.762 0.902
10 0.000 0.002 0.013 0.047 0.137 0.288 0.497 0.706 0.864
7 0.001 0.004 0.025 0.078 0.209 0.383 0.617 0.791 0.922
8 0.000 0.002 0.015 0.051 0.149 0.296 0.514 0.704 0.867
7
9 0.000 0.001 0.010 0.035 0.108 0.231 0.427 0.622 0.806
10 0.000 0.001 0.006 0.024 0.080 0.182 0.355 0.549 0.743
8 0.000 0.001 0.009 0.032 0.100 0.214 0.405 0.595 0.786
8 9 0.000 0.001 0.005 0.020 0.069 0.157 0.319 0.500 0.702
10 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.013 0.048 0.117 0.251 0.419 0.621
9 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.012 0.044 0.109 0.238 0.399 0.601
9
10 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.008 0.029 0.077 0.179 0.319 0.510
10 10 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.004 0.019 0.051 0.128 0.242 0.414

r
n1 n2 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
3
4
5
6
2
7
8
9
10
3
4
5
6
3
7
8
9
10
4
5
6
4 7
8
9
10
5
5 6 1.000
7 1.000
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r
n1 n2 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
8 1.000
9 1.000
10 1.000
6 0.998 1.000
7 0.922 0.999 1.000
6 8 0.984 0.998 1.000
9 0.972 0.994 1.000
10 0.958 0.990 1.000
7 0.975 0.996 0.999 1.000
8 0.949 0.988 0.998 1.000 1.000
7
9 0.916 0.975 0.994 0.999 1.000
10 0.879 0.957 0.990 0.998 1.000
8 0.900 0.968 0.991 0.999 1.000 1.000
8 9 0.843 0.939 0.980 0.996 0.999 1.000 1.000
10 0.782 0.903 0.964 0.990 0.998 1.000 1.000
9 0.762 0.891 0.956 0.988 0.997 1.000 1.000 1.000
9
10 0.681 0.834 0.923 0.974 0.992 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.000
10 10 0.586 0.758 0.872 0.949 0.981 0.996 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.000

Spearman 等級相關係數臨界值表
Critical values of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient
n α = 0.05 α = 0.025 α = 0.01 α = 0.005
5 0.900 — — —
6 0.829 0.886 0.943 —
7 0.714 0.786 0.893 —
8 0.643 0.738 0.833 0.881
9 0.600 0.683 0.783 0.833
10 0.564 0.648 0.745 0.794
11 0.523 0.623 0.736 0.818
12 0.497 0.591 0.703 0.780
13 0.475 0.566 0.673 0.745
14 0.457 0.545 0.646 0.716
15 0.441 0.525 0.623 0.689
16 0.425 0.507 0.601 0.666
17 0.412 0.490 0.582 0.645
18 0.399 0.476 0.564 0.625
19 0.388 0.462 0.549 0.608
20 0.377 0.450 0.534 0.591
21 0.368 0.438 0.521 0.576
22 0.359 0.428 0.508 0.562
23 0.351 0.418 0.496 0.549
24 0.343 0.409 0.485 0.537
25 0.336 0.400 0.475 0.526
26 0.329 0.392 0.465 0.515
27 0.323 0.385 0.456 0.505
28 0.317 0.377 0.448 0.496
29 0.311 0.370 0.440 0.487
30 0.305 0.364 0.432 0.478

Kolmogorov-Smirnov 檢定臨界值表
Critical values for the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE FOR D = MAXIMUM [ F0(X) - Sn(X) ]

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SAMPLE 單尾 α = 0.10 0.075 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005
SIZE
n 雙尾 α = 0.20 0.150 0.10 0.050 0.02 0.01
1 0.9000 0.925 0.9500 0.9750 0.9900 0.9950
2 0.6838 0.726 0.7764 0.8419 0.9000 0.9293
3 0.5648 0.597 0.6360 0.7076 0.7846 0.8290
4 0.4927 0.525 0.5652 0.6239 0.6889 0.7342
5 0.4470 0.474 0.5095 0.5633 0.6272 0.6685
6 0.4104 0.436 0.4680 0.5193 0.5774 0.6166
7 0.3815 0.405 0.4361 0.4834 0.5384 0.5758
8 0.3583 0.381 0.4096 0.4543 0.5065 0.5418
9 0.3391 0.360 0.3875 0.4300 0.4796 0.5133
10 0.3226 0.342 0.3687 0.4092 0.4566 0.4889
11 0.3083 0.326 0.3524 0.3912 0.4367 0.4677
12 0.2958 0.313 0.3382 0.3754 0.4192 0.4490
13 0.2847 0.302 0.3255 0.3614 0.4036 0.4325
14 0.2748 0.292 0.3142 0.3489 0.3897 0.4176
15 0.2659 0.283 0.3040 0.3376 0.3771 0.4042
16 0.2578 0.274 0.2947 0.3273 0.3657 0.3920
17 0.2504 0.266 0.2863 0.3180 0.3553 0.3809
18 0.2436 0.259 0.2785 0.3094 0.3457 0.3706
19 0.2373 0.252 0.2714 0.3014 0.3369 0.3612
20 0.2316 0.246 0.2647 0.2941 0.3287 0.3524
21 0.2262 0.2586 0.2872 0.3210 0.3443
22 0.2212 0.2528 0.2809 0.3139 0.3367
23 0.2165 0.2475 0.2749 0.3073 0.3295
24 0.2020 0.2424 0.2693 0.3010 0.3229
25 0.2079 0.220 0.2377 0.2640 0.2952 0.3166
26 0.2040 0.2332 0.2591 0.2896 0.3106
27 0.2003 0.2290 0.2544 0.2844 0.3050
28 0.1968 0.2250 0.2499 0.2794 0.2997
29 0.1935 0.2212 0.2457 0.2747 0.2947
30 0.1903 0.200 0.2176 0.2417 0.2702 0.2899
35 0.1766 0.190 0.2018 0.2242 0.2507 0.2690
1.07 1.14 1.22 1.36 1.52 1.63
>5
√𝑛 √𝑛 √𝑛 √𝑛 √𝑛 √𝑛

30