LIMITES
❑
DEMOSTRAR: lim ( f ( x ) )=L , ε >0 ; ∃ δ >0
X→a
❑
lim ( 3 X−1 )=5 ε =0.1; ∃ δ > 0
X→2
( F ( X )−L ) < ε SIEMPRE QUE( X−a)< δ
( 3 X −1−5 ) <0.1 SIEMPREQUE (X −2)< δ
( 3 x−6 )< 0.1 ( 3 ) ( x−2 ) <0.1 0< δ<0.03
3(x−2)<0.1 3(x−2)<0.1 El limite queda demostrado
(x−2)<0.1/3
(x−2)<0.03
DEMOSTRAR:
❑
lim ( 2 X 2 +1 )=3 ε=0. 0 1 ; ∃δ >0
X→2
( F ( X )−L ) < ε SIEMPRE QUE( X−a)< δ
( 2 X 2 +1−3 ) <0. 0 1 SIEMPRE QUE( X−1)<δ
( 2 X 2−2 ) <0. 0 1 2 ( X−1 )( x +1 ) <0. 0 1 0< δ<0.03
2 ( X 2−1 )< 0. 01 (x−1) [ 2( x+1) ] <0. 0 1 El limite queda demostrado
(x−1) [ 2( x+1) ] <0. 0 1
(x−1)<0.0 1/c
0< δ<0.0 1/c
C=?
g ( x )=[ 2 ( x−1 ) ]
D=R
Asumiendo un δ=2
( x−1 )=δ
( x−1 )=2
−2< x−1<+2 5 ( +1 )
−1< x <3
δ a−δ =δ −1=0
δ a=δ 1=4
δ a−δ =δ 3 =8=c
0< δ e <0.01/8
−3
0< δ e <1.25+10 =0.00125
0< δ e <0. 00125
0< δ e <2
∀ 0< δ<0.0 0125 El limiter demostrado
EJ: RESOLVER:
{ }
2 X +1 5 ❑
5
2
( X−2 ) (0)2 0
lim 3 +5 =3 +5=3 +5=0 0+5=00 ? ? ? ? ? ?
X→2
D=R {2 }
X −2≠ 0
X ≠2
{ }
2 X +1 +5 ❑
+5
2
( X −2 ) (−0)2 +0 00
lim 3 +5 =3 +5=3 +5=3 +5=00
X →−2
{ } { }
2 X +1 +5 ❑ 2 X +1 ❑
+5
2 2
( X −2) (+0 )2 +0 00 ( X−2 )
lim 3 +5 =3 +5=3 +5=3 + 5=00 lim 3 +5 =00
X →+ 2 X→2
EJ: RESOLVER:
{ }
2 ❑
2 x −5 5 0−5 45
X −5 5−5 0 00
lim 2 +3 =2 + 3=2 +3=2 + 3=00 ? ? ? ? ? ?
X→5
D=R {5 }
X −5 ≠0
X ≠5
Asumimos un error δ=0.0001
{ }
2
2 x −5 + 44,999 +45
X −5 −00 1 1
lim 2 +3 =2−0,0001 + 3=2 −0 +3=2 +3= +00
+3= + 3=0+ 3
X →−5 2 00
¿3
lim {2 + 3 }=2
2
2 x −5 ( +25,0001 ) =5 50,0001−5
+45
00
X −5 +0,0001 +3=2 + 0 +3=2 +3 =00
+3=2 +¿
¿
X →+5
{ } { }
2 2
2 x −5 2 x −5
X −5 X −5
lim 2 −3 ≠ lim 2 +3
X →−5 X →+5
{ }
2 ❑
2 x −5
X −5
lim 2 −3 =∄
X→5
EJ:
{ }
3 2
X + X +3 X −18 8+ 4+6+ 18 0
lim 4 2
= =( ¿ ) ¿
X→2 X + X −5 X−10 16+4−10−10 0
Fact. (x-2)
3 2 X−2
x +1 x +3 x−18 I 2
X +3 X +9
3 2
−x + 2 x
2
3 X +3 X
2
−3 x +6 X
9 X −18
−9 X +18
0,,
3 2
X + X + 3 X−18=( X−2)(X ¿¿ 2+3 X + 9)¿
4 3 2 1 X−2
1 X + 0 x + x + 5 x −10 I 3 2
X +2 X +5 X +5
4 3
−x +2 x
3 2
2 X +x
3 2
−2 x + 4 x
2
5 x −5 X
2
−5 x +1 0
5 X−10
2
−5 x +10
0,,
X + x +5 x−10=( X−2)(X ¿ ¿3+ 2 x +5 X +5)¿
4 2 2
lim ¿ ¿
X→2
19
L=
31
RESOLVER LIMITES POLINOMICOS
2do Caso.-
{ }( )
n
P (x ) 00
lim m
= IND
X → 00 D ( x) 00
Dividir entre x r; r= mayor exponente
Nota: (00-00)= 00
lim { 2 x −x }=00−00 IND
3
X → 00
lim { x (2 x 2−1) }=00 ( 00 )=00 IND
X → 00
EJ:
{ }( )
2
x + X+ 1 00
lim 3 2
= IND
X → 00 x +2 x +7 X −3 00
Dividir entre x 3
{ }
2
x x 1
3
+ 3+ 3
x x x
lim
X → 00 x3 2 x2 7 x 3
+ + −
x 3 x 3 x3 x 3
{ }
1 1 1
+ +
x x2 x3 0
lim =
X → 00 2 7 3 1
1+ + 2 − 3
x x x
L=0
EJ:
{ }( )
4 2
x −x + X +2 00
lim 3 2
= IND
X → 00 x + x −X +5 00
lim 3
{
x 2 ( x 2−1 ) + X +2
X → 00 x + X ( X−1)+5
=
00
00}(
IND )
Dividir entre x 4
{ }
1 1 1
2
+ 3+ 4
1−
X x x 1
lim = =00
X → 00 1 1 1 5 0
+ 2− 3 + 4
x x x x
L=00
3er Caso
Limite polinómicos irracionales
Propiedades:
Cuadradas: ( a2−b 2) =(a−b)(a+b)
Cubicas: ( a3−b 3 )=(a−b)(a2 +a b +b2 )
Resolver:
lim { √4 x2 +3−2 x }=√ 4 (00)2 +3−2 ( 00 )=√ 4 ( 00 )+ 3−00=√ 00−00
X → 00
( a 2−b2 ) =(a−b)(a+b) ¿ 00−00 IND
{ } { }
2
( √ 4 x +3−2 x)( √ 4 x + 3+2 x ) ( √ 4 x +3−2 x ) −(2 x )
2 2 2 2
lim =¿ lim =¿ ¿ ¿
X → 00 √ 4 x 2+ 3+2 x X →00 √ 4 x 2 +3+2 x
lim
{
4 x2 +3−4 x 2
X → 00 √ 4 x +3+2 x
2
=¿ lim
X →00} { 3
}
=¿
3
=
3 3
= =0 ¿ ¿
√ 4 x + 3+2 x √00+ 2(00) 00+ 00 00
2
L=0
Resolver:
lim { √4 x2 +5 X +3−2 x }=√ 00−2 ( 00 )=00−00=IND
X → 00
Racionalizar
{ } { }
2
( √ 4 x +5 X +3−2 x )( √ 4 x +5 X +3+2 x) ( √ 4 x +5 X+ 3) −(2 x)
2 2 2 2
lim =¿ lim ¿
X → 00 √ 4 x2 +5 X +3+ 2 x X → 00 √ 4 x 2 +5 X +3+2 x
lim
X → 00 { 4 x 2 +5 x+ 3−4 x 2
}
=¿ lim
√ 4 x2 +5 X +3+ 2 x X → 00 { 5 x+3
√ 4 x +5 X +3+2 x
2 }√ 2
5(00)+3
4 (00) +5(00)+3+2(00)
¿
00
=IND
00
{ }
5x 3
+
x x
lim 2
=¿ ¿
X → 00 4 x 5x 3 2x
+ + +
x x x x
{√ } √
3 3
5+ 5+
x 00 5+0 5 5 5
lim = = = = =
X → 00 5 3 5 3 √4 +0+ 0+2 √ 4+2 2+2 4
4+ + 2 +2 4+ + 2 +2
x x 00 00
LIMITES TRIGONOMETRICOS
l ℑ
X →0 { f (x) }
sin { f ( x ) } 0
=1 IND
0
l ℑ
X →0
{ x }
1−cos( x) 1−cos(x ) 0
=
0
= IND
0
l ℑ ¿¿ 2 2
¿(1 + cos ( x ) )
X →0
2
¿( 1+ cos ( x ))
2
¿ sin ( x )
¿(sin ( x ))(sin ( x ) )
l ℑ ¿¿
X →0
l ℑ ¿¿
X →0
L=( 1 ) ( 02 )=( 1) ( 0)=L=0
Resolver:
π
1−cos ( )
{ }
1−cos( x ) 3 1−1 0
l ℑ = = = =IND
π π π π 0 0
X→
3 x− −
3 3 3
π π
C.V t=x- =x =t+
3 3
π
x¿
3
t ¿0
{ }
π
1−2cos (t + )
3
l ℑ
t →0 t
l ℑ
t →0
{ [
1−2 cos ( t ) cos ( π3 )−sin ( t ) sin ( π3 )]❑
t
}
{ [] + 2 [ sin ( t ) ] √[ ]}
1 3
1−2 [ cos ( t ) ]
2 2
l ℑ
t →0 t
l ℑ
t →0
{ 1−2 [ cos ( t ) ] + √ 3 sin ( t)
t }
l ℑ
t →0
{ 1−cos(t) √ 3 sin(t)
t
+
t }
l ℑ
t →0
{ 1−cos(t)
t
+l ℑ } {√
t →0
3
sin(t )
t }
L=0
0+ √ 3 l ℑ
t →0
{√ 3
sin(t )
t }
L= √ 3 ( 1 )=√ 3
Resolver
l ℑ
X →0 {( )
π
2
π π
−x tan (x) = − tan
2 2
π
2 }( ) ()
0
¿ +
( 2)
π
sin
cos ( )
1 π
2
0 1 0
¿ + =0+00= =IND
1 0 0
π
C.V t= −x
3
π
x¿
2
t ¿0
π
x ¿ −t
2
{ 2 −t )}
l ℑ t tan
t →0
( π
l ℑ
t →0
{ } ( π2 −1)
t sin
cos ( −t )
π
2
{ 2 −t )}l ℑ
(
{ }
π t
l ℑ sin .
t →0 t→0
( )
π
cos −t
2
{ () ( )}
t
l ℑ
t →0 π π
cos cos ( t )+ sin ( t ) sin
2 2
{ }
t
l ℑ
t →0 sin ( t)
t
lim {1 }
t→0 1
L= = =1
lim{
t →0 t }
sin (t) 1
L=1